Archaeological Desk Based Assessment by CGMS Heritage

Home , Great Dunmow, Woodford Bridge

Chigwell Garden Centre, High Road, Chigwell

Full Planning Consent Application

November 2018

Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

CGMS Heritage Local Planning Authority: Epping Forest District Council

Site centred at: TQ 43301 92644

Author: Manca Petric MA ACIfA

Approved by: Matthew Smith BSc MCIfA

Report Status: FINAL

Issue Date: October 2017

Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report.

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Chigwell Garden Centre, High Road, Chigwell, Essex

CONTENTS

Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background, with Assessment of Significance (Including map regression exercise) 5.0 Site Conditions and the Proposed Development (Review of Potential Impact on Heritage Assets) 6.0 Summary and Conclusions

SOURCES CONSULTED

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site Location Fig. 2 Summary of cultural heritage designations (Essex and Greater London HER) Fig. 3 1777 Chapman and Andre’s Map Fig. 4 1799 Ordnance Survey Drawing Fig. 5 1838 Chigwell Parish Tithe Map Fig. 6 1872 Ordnance Survey Fig. 7 1896 Ordnance Survey Fig. 8 1920 Ordnance Survey Fig. 9 1964 Ordnance Survey Fig. 10 1983 Ordnance Survey Fig. 11 1999 Aerial Photograph Fig. 12 2010 Aerial Photograph Fig. 13 LiDAR Data Plot Fig. 14 Site as Existing

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PLATES

Plate 1: North-east facing photograph of the study site. Plate 2: North facing photograph of the study site. Plate 3: North facing photograph of the study site. Plate 4: North-east facing photograph of the study site.

APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Gazetteer of HER Records within 1.25km radius of the study site centre Appendix 2: Site Photo Key

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Chigwell Garden Centre, High Road, Chigwell, Essex, has been assessed for its below-ground archaeological potential.

In accordance with central and local government planning policy, a desk-based assessment has been undertaken to clarify the archaeological potential of the study area.

It is understood that the proposed development involves the demolition and removal of existing dwelling, storage buildings, associated commercial structures and car park, and the erection of 100-bedroom high-quality care home with associated access, vehicle parking, hard and soft landscaping, structural landscaping and site infrastructure.

The study site is considered to have a low to moderate archaeological potential for Iron Age/Roman evidence and a low archaeological potential for all other past periods of human activity. The archaeological sensitivity at the study site increases with the proximity to the High Road, as it follows the alignment of a Roman Road.

Any archaeological evidence, if it occurs, is likely to be of local/low archaeological significance.

Given the generally low archaeological potential of the study site, combined with modern redevelopment at the study site, the proposed development is considered unlikely to have a widespread or significant archaeological impact.

It is considered that any further archaeological mitigation measures could be secured by a standard archaeological planning condition.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY

1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been prepared by Manca Petric and edited by Matthew Smith of CgMs Consulting (part pf RPS Group) on behalf of Signature Senior Lifestyle.

1.2 The subject of this Assessment, also referred to as the study site, is Chigwell Garden Centre, High Road, Chigwell, Essex. The site is c.1.5ha in extent and is centred at TQ 43301 92644 (see Figure 1).

1.3 In terms of relevant designated heritage assets, no World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Historic Battlefields or Historic Wrecks lie within the study site or its immediate environs.

1.4 Signature Senior Lifestyle has commissioned CgMs Consulting to establish the archaeological potential of the study site, and to provide guidance on ways to accommodate any archaeological constraints identified.

1.5 In accordance with central and local government policy and guidance on archaeology and planning, and in accordance with the ‘Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessments’ (Chartered Institute for Archaeologists August 2014), this assessment draws together the available archaeological, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the archaeological potential of the site.

1.6 This desk-based assessment comprises an examination of evidence on the Essex and Greater London Historic Environment Record (HER) and other sources. This report also includes the results of a comprehensive map regression exercise.

1.7 The Assessment thus enables relevant parties to assess the archaeological potential of various parts of the site and to consider the need for design, civil engineering, and archaeological solutions to the archaeological potential identified.

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2.0 DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK

2.1 National legislation regarding archaeology, including scheduled monuments, is contained in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979, amended by the National Heritage Act 1983 and 2002, and updated in April 2014.

2.2 In March 2012, the government published the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), which was later revised in July 2018. The NPPF is supported by the National Planning Practice Guidance (NPPG), which was published online 6th March 2014 and last updated 28 July 2017 (http://planning guidance.planningportal.gov.uk).

2.3 The NPPF and NPPG are additionally supported by three Good Practice Advice (GPA) documents published by Historic England: GPA 1: The Historic Environment in Local Plans; GPA 2: Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment (both published March 2015). The second edition of GPA3: The Setting of Heritage Assets was published in December 2017.

National Planning Policy

2.4 Section 16 of the NPPF, entitled Conserving and enhancing the historic environment provides guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets. Overall, the objectives of Section 16 of the NPPF can be summarised as seeking the:

• Delivery of sustainable development;

• Understanding the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment;

• Conservation of England's heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance; and

• Recognition that heritage makes to our knowledge and understanding of the past.

2.5 Section 16 of the NPPF recognises that intelligently managed change may sometimes be necessary if heritage assets are to be maintained for the long term. Paragraph 189 states that planning decisions should be based on the significance of the heritage asset and that level of detail supplied by an applicant should be proportionate to the importance of the asset and should be no more than sufficient to review the potential impact of the proposal upon the significance of that asset.

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2.6 Heritage Assets are defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF as: a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. They include designated heritage assets (as defined in the NPPF) and assets identified by the local planning authority during the process of decision-making or through the plan-making process.

2.7 Annex 2 also defines Archaeological Interest as a heritage asset which holds or potentially could hold evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point.

2.8 A Nationally Important Designated Heritage Asset comprises a: World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area.

2.9 Significance is defined as: The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. This interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.

2.10 Setting is defined as: The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral.

2.11 In short, government policy provides a framework which:

• Protects nationally important designated Heritage Assets;

• Protects the settings of such designations;

• In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information (from desk-based assessment and field evaluation where necessary) to enable informed decisions;

• Provides for the excavation and investigation of sites not significant enough to merit in-situ preservation.

2.12 The NPPG reiterates that the conservation of heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance is a core planning principle, requiring a flexible and thoughtful approach. Furthermore, it highlights that neglect and decay of heritage assets is best addressed through ensuring they remain in active use that is consistent with their conservation. Importantly, the guidance states that if complete, or partial loss of a heritage asset is justified, the aim should then be to capture and record the evidence of the asset’s significance and make the interpretation publicly available. Key elements of the guidance

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relate to assessing harm. An important consideration should be whether the proposed works adversely affect a key element of the heritage asset’s special architectural or historic interest. Additionally, it is the degree of harm, rather than the scale of development, that is to be assessed. The level of ‘substantial harm’ is considered to be a high bar that may not arise in many cases. Essentially, whether a proposal causes substantial harm will be a judgment for the decision taker, having regard to the circumstances of the case and the NPPF. Importantly, harm may arise from works to the asset or from development within its setting. Setting is defined as the surroundings in which an asset is experienced and may be more extensive than the curtilage. A thorough assessment of the impact of proposals upon setting needs to take into account, and be proportionate to, the significance of the heritage asset and the degree to which proposed changes enhance or detract from that significance and the ability to appreciate it.

2.13 In considering any planning application for development, the planning authority will be mindful of the framework set by government policy, in this instance the NPPF, by current Development Plan Policy and by other material considerations.

2.14 The relevant Regional Spatial Strategy, comprising the South East Plan, was revoked 25th March 2013.

2.15 The relevant Development Plan framework is provided by the Epping Forest District Council Combined Local Plan 1998/Alterations 2006 which contains the following ‘saved’ policies relevant to archaeology:

POLICY HC1- SCHEDULED MONUMENTS AND OTHER ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ON SITES

OF KNOWN OR POTENTIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTEREST, PLANNING PERMISSION WILL ONLY BE GRANTED FOR DEVELOPMENT WHICH WOULD NOT ADVERSELY AFFECT NATIONALLY IMPORTANT REMAINS, WHETHER SCHEDULED OR NOT, OR THEIR SETTINGS. THE COUNCIL WILL ALSO REQUIRE: (I) THE RESULTS OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION TO BE SUBMITTED AS PART OF ANY APPLICATION; (II) THE PRESERVATION IN SITU, AND PROVISION FOR APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT, OF THOSE REMAINS AND THEIR SETTINGS CONSIDERED TO BE OF PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE; (III) PROVISION FOR RECORDING AND/OR EXCAVATION BY A COMPETENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL ORGANISATION PRIOR TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF DEVELOPMENT, WHERE IN SITU PRESERVATION IS NOT JUSTIFIED.

POLICY HC2- ANCIENT LANDSCAPES

THE COUNCIL WILL NOT GRANT PLANNING PERMISSION FOR DEVELOPMENT WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT THE NATURE AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF ANCIENT LANDSCAPES (IDENTIFIED AS SUCH ON THE PROPOSALS MAP).

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2.16 In terms of relevant designated archaeological heritage assets, as defined above and as shown on Figure 2, the site does not lie within the vicinity of a World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Historic Battlefield or Historic Wreck site.

2.17 There are four Listed Building in the immediate vicinity of the study site and it is likely that the development impact on the setting of these buildings will have to be considered. This report however does not address built heritage issues.

2.18 This desk-based assessment aims to meet the national and local policy and policy guidance as set out above, in clarifying the archaeological potential of the study site and the need or otherwise for further mitigation measures.

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3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

3.1 Geology

3.1.1 The solid geology recorded at the study site is London Clay Formation – clay, silt and sand (BGS 2017). Glacio-fluvial drift deposits comprising Mid-Pleistocene sand and gravel are recorded on the western edge of the study site and a strip of alluvium (clay, silt, sand and gravel) is recorded across the central area of the study site.

3.1.2 Site specific geotechnical information is currently unavailable.

3.2 Topography

3.2.1 The study site lies to the south of Chigwell and is bounded by the High Road to the south-east, residential buildings to the north-east and south-west and open fields to the north-west and south-west.

3.2.2 A series of small streams/drains, tributaries to the River Roding located c.1km west from the study site, run through the site.

3.2.3 The site slopes from c.38m Above Ordnance Datum (AOD) at the west of the study site, to 34m AOD at the east, and slopes up from c.31m AOD at the north west of the study site to c.37m AOD at the south east.

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4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, WITH ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE (Including Historic Map Regression exercise)

4.1 Timescales used in this report:

Prehistoric Palaeolithic 900,000 - 12,000 BC Mesolithic 12,000 - 4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000 - 1,800 BC Bronze Age 1,800 - 600 BC Iron Age 600 - AD 43

Historic Roman AD 43 - 410 Anglo Saxon/Early Medieval AD 410 - 1066 Medieval AD 1066 - 1485 Post Medieval AD 1486 - 1749 Modern AD 1750 - Present

4.2 Introduction

4.2.1 This chapter reviews existing archaeological evidence for the site and the archaeological/historical background of the general area and, in accordance with NPPF, considers the potential for as yet undiscovered archaeological evidence on the site.

4.2.2 What follows comprises a review of archaeological findspots within a 1km radius of the study site, also referred to as the study area, held on the Essex and Greater London Historic Environment Record (HER), together with a historic map regression exercise charting the development of the study area from the 18th century onwards until the present day.

4.2.3 In terms of designated heritage assets, as defined above and as shown on Figure 2, the study site does not lie within the vicinity of a World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Historic Battlefield or Historic Wreck site.

4.2.4 Chapter 5 subsequently considers the site conditions and whether any archaeological potential identified in this chapter is likely to have survived later truncations.

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4.3 Prehistoric

4.3.1 Palaeolithic activity has been recorded within Pleistocene gravels along the River Roding in the Lower Thames, outside the study site boundary. Evidence of Mesolithic occupation in the Chigwell area is also focused on the River Roding which lies c.1km to the west at the nearest point of the study site (ECC 2005).

4.3.2 From around 4000 BC the mobile hunter-gathering economy of the Mesolithic gradually gave way to a more settled agriculture-based subsistence. The pace of woodland clearance to create arable and pasture-based agricultural land varied regionally and locally, depending on a wide variety of climatic, topographic, social and other factors. The trend was one of a slow, but gradually increasing pace of forest clearance.

4.3.3 By the 1st millennium, i.e. 1000 BC, the landscape was probably a mix of extensive tracts of open farmland, punctuated by earthwork burial and ceremonial monuments from distant generations, with settlements, ritual areas and defended location reflecting an increasingly hierarchical society.

4.3.4 A single flake provisionally dated to Lower Palaeolithic to Late Bronze period is recorded as found c.750m north-east from the study site (MEX14629).

4.3.5 Considering the limited evidence of Prehistoric occupation, combined with the general absence of drift deposits at the study site, the archaeological potential for Prehistoric evidence is considered to be low.

4.4 Iron Age and Roman

4.4.1 The only evidence in the study area dated to the Iron Age is a findspot (MEX1043173) recorded c.750m north east of the study site.

4.4.2 The course of a Roman Road from London to Great Dunmow is recorded immediately east from the study site and it is believed to follow the course of the current High Street (MEX14446; MLO106811; Margary 1973). It has been suggested that Chigwell could be the site of Durolitum, a Roman settlement between London and Chelmsford, but no archaeological evidence to confirm this has yet been recorded (EEC 2005).

4.4.3 Typical archaeological features associated with Roman roads can include evidence for settlement and occupation, roadside ditches and associated land division, together with quarry pits, burials and chance losses.

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4.4.4 A findspot, possibly dated to the Roman period, was recorded c.750m to the north east of the study site (MEX1046932).

4.4.5 Despite the lack of evidence dated to the Roman period within the study area, the suggested alignment of the Roman road along the site’s eastern frontage does indicate a low to moderate potential for this period at the study site itself.

4.5 Anglo Saxon & Medieval

4.5.1 Chigwell is recorded as a very large settlement in the 1086 Domesday survey c.1.5km to the north-east of the study site, held by Harold from King Edward. The landscape and settlement in the Chigwell area at the very end of the Saxon period is described as a well-wooded area with small settlements situated within forest clearings. There were also arable fields and meadows used for pasture. Before 1066 AD, the vill of Chigwell comprised of 37 households, 45 acres of meadow and woodland for 881 pigs and two mills (EEC 2005; Open Domesday Website 2017).

4.5.2 No evidence of Anglo-Saxon occupation has been recorded in the study area.

4.5.3 In 1086 the new Norman landowner at Chigwell was Ralph of Limesy and by the 14th century, the land held by Ralph had been subdivided into the manors of Grange, Kings Place and Luxborough (EEC 2005).

4.5.4 The manor of West Hatch, known to have been in existence before the 14th century, is recorded c.170m to the south west of the study site (MEX1037706). It was passed along together with the manor of Chigwell throughout the Medieval period. It became known as Chigwell-and-West-Hatch from the 17th century onwards and in c.1800 a manor house in the Regency style was built at the location.

4.5.5 The historic manor of Luxborough, dated to the 14th century, is located c.570m north west from the study site (MEX1037711). The Medieval house is likely to have been in the same location as the Post-Medieval house, but nothing remains of it. An archaeological evaluation was undertaken within the manor grounds in 2015 and a single undated ditch was recorded (MEX1049167).

4.5.6 The historic manor of Grange, dated to the 13th century, lies c.1km to south the east from the study site (MEX1037709). It was owned by the Tilley Abbey from 1258 AD until the Dissolution in 1536.

4.5.7 Chigwell was largely a dispersed settlement with smaller defined areas of village occupation. It was located within the Forest of Essex on the main coaching route to

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London. An area associated with a roadside hamlet is recorded within the north-eastern corner of the study site and also immediately east and to the north-east of the study site on both sides of the High Road (MEX1037705).

4.5.8 A findspot of a Medieval date has been recorded c.880m to the north-east of the study site (MEX1044683) and cropmarks, potentially associated with a Medieval moated site were recorded c.630m north from the study site (MEX14580).

4.5.9 It is likely that the study site was either woodland or open agricultural land throughout these periods, and as such a generally low archaeological potential is identified. Evidence of agricultural activity and land division could conceivably be present.

4.6 Post-Medieval and Modern (including map regression exercise)

4.6.1 The 1777 Chapman and Andre’s Map depicts the site in open land, south-west of the roadside settlement of Chigwell. An enclosed area covered in what looks to be planting is shown to the west of the study site and roadside structures are depicted immediately outside the eastern site boundary. A small stream, a tributary to the River Roding, runs through the site (Fig. 3).

4.6.2 The study site is shown in a similar form on the 1799 Ordnance Survey Drawing (Fig. 4).

4.6.3 The 1838 Chigwell Parish Tithe Map and associated Tithe Award show the site occupied by pasture with a stream running through it (Fig. 5).

4.6.4 After that, the character of the site remains largely unaltered until at least 1920 (Figs. 6-8).

4.6.5 The first structures associated with the Garden Centre at the site are shown on the 1964 Ordnance Map (Fig. 9) in the south-western area of site.

4.6.6 The 1983 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 10) shows further structures associated with the Garden Centre and by 1999, the Garden Centre has further increased in size (Fig. 11).

4.6.7 The study site has remained largely unchanged until the present (Figs. 12-14).

4.6.8 The archaeological potential for the Post-Medieval period is considered to be low and is likely confined to remains of Post-Medieval field boundaries and agricultural activity.

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4.7 Assessment of Significance

4.7.1 Existing national policy guidance for archaeology (the NPPF as referenced in section 2) enshrines the concept of the ‘significance’ of heritage assets. Significance as defined in the NPPF centres on the value of an archaeological or historic asset for its ‘heritage interest’ to this or future generations.

4.7.2 The study site is considered to have a low to moderate archaeological potential for Iron Age/Roman evidence and a low archaeological potential for all other past periods of human activity. Any archaeological evidence, if it occurs, is likely to be of local/low archaeological significance.

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5.0 SITE CONDITIONS AND THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT (Review of potential impact upon Heritage Assets)

5.1 Site Conditions

5.1.1 The study site is currently occupied by a Garden Centre (Plates 1-4; Appendix 2).

5.1.2 A stream/drain runs across the study site and is visible on the LiDAR data plot (Fig. 13). LiDAR also shows an area of raised ground in the north-eastern area of the study site, which is an overgrown spoil pile.

5.1.3 Any Medieval and Post-Medieval ploughing would have had a widespread but superficially damaging impact on any sub-surface horizons.

5.1.4 The construction of a garden centre on the study site would have had a significant, but localised impact on archaeological deposits.

5.2 The Proposed Development

5.2.1 It is understood that the proposed development involves the demolition and removal of existing dwelling, storage buildings, associated commercial structures and car park, and the erection of 100-bedroom high-quality care home with associated access, vehicle parking, hard and soft landscaping, structural landscaping and site infrastructure.

5.3 Review of potential development impacts upon Heritage Assets

5.3.1 Given the generally low archaeological potential of the study site, combined with modern redevelopment at the study site, the proposed development is considered unlikely to have a widespread or significant archaeological impact.

5.3.2 The archaeological sensitivity at the study site increases with the proximity to the High Road, as it follows the alignment of a Roman Road.

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6.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

6.1 Chigwell Garden Centre, High Road, Chigwell, Essex has been assessed for its below- ground archaeological potential.

6.2 In accordance with central and local government planning policy, a desk-based assessment has been undertaken to clarify the archaeological potential of the study area.

6.3 It is understood that the proposed development involves the demolition and removal of existing dwelling, storage buildings, associated commercial structures and car park, and the erection of 100-bedroom high-quality care home with associated access, vehicle parking, hard and soft landscaping, structural landscaping and site infrastructure.

6.4 The study site is considered to have a low to moderate archaeological potential for Iron Age/Roman evidence and a low archaeological potential for all other past periods of human activity. The archaeological sensitivity at the study site increases with the proximity to the High Road, as it follows the alignment of a Roman Road.

6.5 Any archaeological evidence, if it occurs, is likely to be of local/low archaeological significance.

6.6 Given the generally low archaeological potential of the study site, combined with modern redevelopment at the study site, the proposed development is considered unlikely to have a widespread or significant archaeological impact.

6.7 It is considered that any further archaeological mitigation measures could be secured by a standard archaeological planning condition.

CgMs Consulting 16 MP /23785 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Chigwell Garden Centre, High Road, Chigwell, Essex SOURCES CONSULTED

1. General British Library National Archives Greater London Historic Environment Record (HER) Essex Historic Environment Record (HER) Historic England National Heritage List for England

2. Internet http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk http://www.britainfromabove.org.uk/ http://www.british-history.ac.uk/ https://finds.org.uk/database/ https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list https://opendomesday.org.uk http://www.pastscape.org.uk http://planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk

3. Bibliographic

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists Standard & Guidance for historic environment desk based assessment August 2014 unpublished document

Department of Communities and Local Government National Planning Policy Framework 2012

Essex County Council. 2005. Chigwell: Historic Settlement Assessment.

Historic England (formerly English Heritage) Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment 2008

Historic England Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning: 1 The Historic Environment in Local Plans July 2015 unpublished document

Historic England Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning: 2 Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment July 2015 unpublished document

Historic England Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning: 3 The Setting of Heritage Assets July 2015 unpublished document

Margary, I.D. 1973. Roman Roads in Britain.

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1777 Chapman and Andre’s Map 1799 Ordnance Survey Drawing 1838 Chigwell Parish Tithe Map 1872 Ordnance Survey 1896 Ordnance Survey 1920 Ordnance Survey 1964 Ordnance Survey 1983 Ordnance Survey 1999 Aerial Photograph 2010 Aerial Photograph LiDAR Data Plot

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Cambridgeshire Suffolk A104 Bedfordshire J5 A113 A1112 A121 A1069 A1168

EPPING FOREST DISTRICT M11 Lambourne End

Hertfordshire Essex Buckhurst Hill CHIGWELL Chigwell Row A110

A123 Buckinghamshire A1009 WALTHAM FOREST LONDON BORO

Grange Hill Greater London Woodford Green

Hainault WOODFORD Woodford Bridge REDBRIDGE LONDON BORO

A406 J4 LONDON

A1400 Surrey Kent A1199 Barkingside A12 193000 192500 192000

542500 543000 543500 544000

Scale at A4: 1:10,000 0 250m

Site Boundary ± Figure 1: Site Location

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2017] N:\23000-23999\23785 - Chigwell Nurseries, High Road\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 2.mxd KP / 25.10.18

!( MEX31947 !( MEX1037193 MEX14446 !( $+ MEX1037733 !( MEX1009351 MEX1037728 MEX1037192 MEX14564 !( MEX14578 MEX14450

!( MEX1037192 !( MEX1037725 MEX1031736 $+$+ FG MEX1046932 MEX14580 $+ Site Boundary MEX1048219 !( FG Search Radius 1.25km 193500 Chigwell Village, CA MEX1043173 Designated !( Heritage Assets: MEX14559 Conservation Area $+ MEX14578 !( MEX1037726 $+ Listed Building $+ Archaeological Priority Area DLO38171 - Churches MEX14559 and Cemeteries, Redbridge DLO38173 - Claybury $+ Park $+ MEX14629 $+ DLO38179 - Gwynne !(") EEX14497 $+ FG House, Woodford Bridge 193000 MEX1037711 MEX1046573 $+ MEX14496 DLO38190 - Roman $+ EEX56894 ") EEX58878 FG MEX1044683 Road (London - Great $+ Dunmow) !( ELO8789 MEX1049167 ") 1111201 MEX1037705 $+ Non-Designated Heritage Assets: HER Record (Point) !( MEX14446 !( Monument !( Industrial $+ Building 1337287 FG Find Spot $+ 1317396 MEX1037706 FG Negative Find Spot

192500 $+ !( FG Portable Antiquities $+ MEX1037709 !( Scheme 1111202 HER Record (Linear) Road HER Record (Polygon) MEX1038736 $+ MEX1040800 Monument MLO106811 Industrial Woodford Bridge, CA EEX56234 ")!( $+ Building $+$+ Listed Building MEX1037718 MEX1037732 Negative Find Spot ELO10377 ELO10358 Listed Building MLO90733 $+ ") $+ 192000 MEX40511 Previous Archaeological MEX1037714 Work: FG") EEX52486 ") Event Record (Point) ELO10359 EEX40512 Event Record (Linear) DLO38171 - Churches MLO59178 DLO38173 - Claybury Event Record (Polygon) and Cemeteries, Park, APA Redbridge, APA ELO6404 ") $+ ± !( ELO6404 Claybury, CA Scale at A3: 1:10,000 DLO38179 - Gwynne House, MLO97978 Woodford Bridge, APA 0 300m

DLO38190 - Roman Road (London - Great Dunmow), APA Figure 2: 191500 Summary of cultural heritage designations (Essex and Greater London HER)

542000 542500 543000 543500 544000 544500 545000 © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 © English Heritage 2017. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2017 The Dataset contained in this material was obtained on 27.09.17

$+ N:\23000-23999\23785 - Chigwell Nurseries, High Road\Figures\Mapping\CAD\Figures.dwg KP / 25.10.18

Not to Scale: Illustrative Only

N Site Boundary Figure 3: 1777 Chapman and H E R I T A G E Andre's Map

P A R T O F R P S

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains OS data © Crown copyright [and database right] 2015 N:\23000-23999\23785 - Chigwell Nurseries, High Road\Figures\Mapping\CAD\Figures.dwg KP / 25.10.18

Not to Scale: Illustrative Only

N Site Boundary Figure 4: 1799 Ordnance Survey H E R I T A G E Drawing

P A R T O F R P S

Not to Scale: Illustrative Only

N Site Boundary Figure 5: 1838 Chigwell Parish H E R I T A G E Tithe Map

P A R T O F R P S

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N Site Boundary Figure 6: 1872 Ordnance Survey H E R I T A G E

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N Site Boundary Figure 7: 1896 Ordnance Survey H E R I T A G E

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N Site Boundary Figure 8: 1920 Ordnance Survey H E R I T A G E

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N Site Boundary Figure 9: 1964 Ordnance Survey H E R I T A G E

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N Site Boundary Figure 10: 1983 Ordnance Survey H E R I T A G E

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N Site Boundary Figure 11: 1999 Aerial Photograph H E R I T A G E

P A R T O F R P S

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N Site Boundary Figure 12: 2010 Aerial Photograph H E R I T A G E

P A R T O F R P S

Site Boundary

LiDAR DATA

Data Type: DSM

Resolution: 50CM

[ Direction of Illumination

192500 ±

Scale at A3: 1:1,800 0 54m

Figure 13: LiDAR Data Plot

543500 © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains public sector information licenced under the Open Government Licence v3.0 © English Heritage 2017. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2017 The Dataset contained in this material was obtained on 28.09.17 N:\23000-23999\23785 - Chigwell Nurseries, High Road\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 13.mxd KP / 25.10.18

Site Boundary

LiDAR DATA

Data Type: DSM

Resolution: 50CM

Direction [of Illumination

192500 ±

Scale at A3: 1:1,800 0 54m

Figure 13: LiDAR Data Plot

Not to Scale: Illustrative Only

N Site Boundary Figure 14: Site as Existing H E R I T A G E

P A R T O F R P S

Plate 1: North-east facing photograph of the study site

Plate 2: North facing photograph of the study site N:\23000-23999\23785 - Chigwell Nurseries, High Road\Figures\Mapping\CAD\Plates_new.dwg CF / 25.10.18

Plate 3: North facing photograph of the study site

Plate 4: North-east facing photograph of the study site Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Chigwell Garden Centre, High Road, Chigwell, Essex

Appendix 1: Gazetteer of HER Records within 1.25km radius of the study site centre

CgMs Consulting MP /23785 Appendix 1: Gazetteer of HER Records within 1.25km radius of the study site centre

Monument Records:

MonUID Name

MEX1009324 Elces

MEX1009325 44, 46 and 48 Hainault Road

MEX1009326 50, 52 and 54 Hainault Road

MEX1009328 Harsnetts

MEX1009329 The Kings Head Inn, Chigwell High Road, Chigwell

MEX1009330 1 and 2 Kings Head Cottages

MEX1009331 Grange Court

MEX1009332 Brook House

MEX1009333 Wall and railings to E of Brook House

MEX1009334 Former King William IV public house

MEX1009335 Chigwell Lodge

MEX1009336 Chigwell Golf Clubhouse

MEX1009337 Forecourt piers, gateway and railings to NW of Chigwell Manor House

MEX1009338 Chigwell Manor House (Convent of the Sacred Heart)

MEX1009348 Linden Cottage and Dawkins

MEX1009349 Chigwell Grammar School

MEX1009350 Church House

MEX1009351 Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin, Chigwell

MEX1009352 Table tomb S of Church of St Mary the Virgin, Chigwell

MEX1009353 Belmont Lodge

MEX1009354 Oak Cottage

MEX1009355 Ten Mile Cottage

MEX1009356 Flint Cottage

MEX1009357 Broomhill House and Broomhill Cottage

MEX1009358 Little West Hatch

MEX1009359 Great West Hatch

MEX1009364 Newbarns

MEX1009367 Chigwell Hall

MEX1031736 Chigwell-Buckhurst Hill.

MEX1037192 Brickworks south of Lower Queens Road, Buckhurst Hill

MEX1037193 Brickworks north of Lower Queens Road, Buckhurst Hill

MEX1037705 Historic settlement of Chigwell

MEX1037706 Historic manor of West Hatch, Chigwell

MEX1037709 Historic manor of Grange, Chigwell.

MEX1037711 Historic manor of Luxborough, Chigwell.

MEX1037714 Parish Church of St Winifred, Chigwell.

MEX1037718 Protestant Nonconformity chapel, Smeaton Road, Chigwell.

MEX1037725 Vicarage, Chigwell

MEX1037726 Belmont Park Estate, Chigwell

MEX1037728 St. Marys Girls and Infants Church of England School, Chigwell

MEX1037732 Mount Pleasant Mill, Chigwell

MEX1037733 Coulson's Almshouse, Chigwell

MEX1038736 Hill House Farm Stable Block

MEX1040800 The Bald Hind Public House Hainault Road

MEX1043173 A Portable Antiquities Scheme findspot of Late Iron Age date. MEX1044683 A Portable Antiquities Scheme findspot of Medieval date.

MEX1046573 A Portable Antiquities Scheme findspot of Post Medieval date.

MEX1046932 A Portable Antiquities Scheme findspot of Roman to Unknown date.

MEX1048219 A Portable Antiquities Scheme findspot of Roman to Early Medieval date.

MEX1049167 Tottenham Training Ground, Luxborough lane, Chigwell

MEX14446 High Road, Chigwell

MEX14450 Chigwell Vicarage

MEX14496 Brick Kiln Field

MEX14559 West of Chigwell

MEX14564 West of Chigwell Hall

MEX14578 East of Chigwell Hall

MEX14580 West side of Chigwell

MEX14629 Northern Chigwell - only 4 fig grid ref

MEX31947 WWII HAA Gun Site "ZE4 Buckhurst Hill", Chigwell

MEX40511 Chigwell - Grovewood House, Manor Road

MLO106811 Roman road running from London to Great Dunmow. {Line of Roman Road}

Manor Road (No 2), [Grovewood House], Woodford Bridge, Redbridge {19th-20th centruy deposits and MLO59178 dog burials}

MLO90733 Chigwell Road [Thurbly House], Woodford Bridge, Redbridge, IG8 8AJ {18th century house}

MLO97978 The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association London Centre, 7 Manor Road, Woodbridge, Essex IG8 8ER

Event Records:

EvUID Event Name Organisation EEX14497 Salv Excav by West Essex Archaeol Group,

EEX40512 Part Survey by Sinclair, R,

EEX52486 Evaluation at Grovewood House

EEX56234 The Bald Hind Public House, Hainault Road, Chigwell

EEX56894 Former Tottenham Hotspur Training Ground, Luxborough Lane, Chigwell

EEX58878 Chigwell Lodge Stables, Chigwell

ELO10358 Manor Road, [Grovewood House], Chigwell, Redbridge: Desk based assessment Passmore Edwards Museum

ELO10359 Manor Road (No 2), [Grovewood House], Woodford Bridge, Chigwell, Redbridge: Evaluation Oxford Archaeological Unit

ELO10377 Chigwell Road (No 729), [Land at], Woodford Bridge: Watching brief Oxford Archaeological Unit

ELO6404 Manor Road (No 7), [The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association London Centre], Woodbridge: Evaluation Compass Archaeology

ELO8789 Buckhurst Hill to Woodford Bridge, [Proposed EDF Cable Route], Redbridge: Desk based assessment Museum of London Archaeology Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Chigwell Garden Centre, High Road, Chigwell, Essex

Appendix 2: Site Photo Key

CgMs Consulting MP /23785 N:\23000-23999\23785 - Chigwell Nurseries, High Road\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Appendix 2_REV.mxd KP / 25.10.18

Plate 4

!( !(

Plate 3 !(

Plate 2 !(

Plate 1

Scale at A4: 1:2,000 0 50 m

Site Boundary ± Appendix 2: Site Photo Key