Nanotechnology Without Growth

Nanotechnology and Global Sustainability Perspectives in Nanotechnology Series Editor Gabor L. Hornyak Nanotechnology and the Public: Risk Perception and Risk Communication Susanna Hornig Priest Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Harry F. Tibbals Nanotechnology: The Business Michael T. Burke Nanotechnology: Ethics and Society Deb Bennett-Woods Nanotechnology Health and Environmental Risks Jo Anne Shatkin Nanotechnology: Legal Aspects Patrick M. Boucher Nanotechnology and Global Sustainability Edited by Donald Maclurcan and Natailia Radywyl Forthcoming title Nanotechnology Intellectual Property Rights: Research, Design, and Commercialization Prabuddha Ganguli and Siddharth Jabade Nanotechnology and Global Sustainability Edited by Donald Maclurcan Natalia Radywyl Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20111122 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-5577-5 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents List of Figures ....................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ...........................................................................................................ix Foreword .................................................................................................................xi Editors .....................................................................................................................xv Contributors ........................................................................................................ xvii Acronyms ............................................................................................................ xxv Section I Limits 1 Nanotechnology and Limits to Growth .....................................................3 Donnie Maclurcan and Natalia Radywyl 2 Nanotechnology and the Environment .................................................... 21 David J. Hess and Anna Lamprou 3 Nanotechnology and Traditional Knowledge Systems ........................45 Ron Eglash Section II Capacity 4 Nanotechnology and Geopolitics: There’s Plenty of Room at the Top ............................................................69 Stephanie Howard and Kathy Jo Wetter 5 Nanotechnology, Agriculture, and Food................................................ 117 Kristen Lyons, Gyorgy Scrinis, and James Whelan 6 Poor Man’s Nanotechnology—From the Bottom Up (Thailand) ...... 141 Sunandan Baruah, Joydeep Dutta, and Gabor L. Hornyak Section III Appropriateness 7 Nanotechnology and Global Health ....................................................... 157 Deb Bennett-Woods 8 Toward Pro-Poor Nano-Innovation (Zimbabwe, Peru, Nepal) ......... 175 David J. Grimshaw v vi Contents 9 Open Source Appropriate Nanotechnology ......................................... 191 Usman Mushtaq and Joshua M. Pearce Section IV Governance 10 Nanotechnology and Risk ........................................................................ 217 Fern Wickson 11 Nanotechnology and State Regulation (India) ..................................... 241 Nidhi Srivastava and Nupur Chowdhury 12 Nanotechnology and Global Regulation ............................................... 261 Diana M. Bowman and Graeme A. Hodge 13 Nanotechnology without Growth ........................................................... 281 Donnie Maclurcan and Natalia Radywyl List of Figures Figure 3.1 (a) Malaysian sepak ball (b) C60 fullerene molecule. ..................55 Figure 3.2 Design created by a Potawatomi student with the Anishinaabe Arcs tool. .........................................................................................59 Figure 3.3 Students prepare Maya blue by mixing indigo with palygorskite clay. ...................................................................................................60 Figure 6.1 Centre of Excellence. ..................................................................... 144 Figure 6.2 Porous alumina, left and right. ................................................... 148 Figure 6.3 Porous alumina (a) and (b). .......................................................... 149 Figure 6.4 Super-hydrophobic cotton. .......................................................... 151 Figure 8.1 Seven-P framework of new technologies................................... 178 Figure 8.2 Holistic picture of the problem situation. ................................. 182 Figure 8.3 Technology as an enabler. ............................................................ 185 Figure 11.1 Overview of primary regulatory actors in India ................... 252 vii List of Tables Table 4.1 Lux Research’s Nano Value-Chain Predictions 2012–2015 .......... 76 Table 4.2 Nanotechnology Publications 2008 by the EU, United States, and ICPC Countries.....................................................................83 Table 4.3 Participation and Observation by Non-OECD Countries in ISO TC229 ..........................................................................................................96 Table 9.1 Comparison of Open Source License Classes ............................. 201 Table 10.1 Some of the Necessary Choices in Nano(eco)toxicology .........227 Table 11.1 Health-Related Nanotechnology Applications Launched and Developed in India ................................................................... 245 ix Foreword Vijoleta Braach-Maksvytis When Donnie Maclurcan approached me in 2004 to help guide some of his groundbreaking PhD research on the societal implications of nanotechnology, I was delighted to discover a like-minded colleague who shared such a consideration. As his PhD conclusions sharpened, Donnie was already beginning to collate the work of others into a volume that would take his dissertation findings about nanotechnology and global inequity one step further. With a steadfastness of vision, unswerving integrity, and belief in the better characteristics of us as global peoples, this book was created. Yet this work has much deeper foundations. In the late 1950s, the field of nanotechnology was foreshowed with Nobel Laureate physicist Richard Feynman’s dream of taking advantage of a “new world” available at the nanoscale—the level of atoms and small molecules. What is it about nanoscience that has created so much attention? It has opened a world of new materials and properties simply by the reduced dimensions of familiar materials on the nanoscale. This is because of three main characteristics: The nanoscale is the scale of nature’s building blocks, such as DNA and proteins; at this scale, materials have more surface than volume, increasing the importance of surface-interaction properties; and, at nanoscale, the effects of quantum physics begin to dominate over classical physics. Take, for example, the simple interaction of light with gold metal. Light on a golden wedding ring tells us that gold is gold colored. Light inter- acting with a 20 nanometer-sized nanoparticle of gold tells us that gold has a deep red color—not a trace of gold in sight! It was not until the early 1990s that Feynman’s dream became a frontier science and, even then, it needed the advent of analytical tools that were capable of shedding “light” on the nanoscale before it could really take off. The field began to grow in the late 1990s with an aspiration and approach that, in part, contrasted sharply with previous emerging technology areas such as nuclear power, stem cell research, and genetic engineering. The usual path of scientific research is driven

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