Annual Report 2007

ANNUAL REPORT 2007

MISSION STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVES ...... 3 Mission Statement...... 3 Year 3 in Review ...... 4 Structure and Management ...... 5

ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY ARCNN...... 9

DISTINGUISHED LECTURER TOURS ...... 11 Prof Jacob Israelachvili...... 11 Prof E.G. Wang...... 12 Prof Selim Ünlü ...... 13 Dr H C Liu ...... 15

SPECIAL LECTURES ...... 16 Prof Hiroaki Misawa...... 16 Special Lecture – Prof G Ramanath...... 17

INTERNATIONAL VISITS BY NETWORK MEMBERS...... 18 Ms Tina Rankovic –Taiwan Nano 2007 ...... 18 Australian Delegation to India for the Indo–Australia Symposium on Multifunctional Nanomaterials Nanostructures and Applications 19-21 December...... 21

LONG TERM VISITS...... 25 Miss Brianna Thompson (Intelligent Polymers Research Institute) – visit to the Bionic Ear Institute, Melbourne...... 25 Ms Massey De Los Reyes (Ian Wark Institute) - visit to the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)...... 29 Mr Dinesh Kumar Venkatachalam (RMIT University) – visit to the Electronic Materials Engineering Department at the Australian National University...... 29

OVERSEAS TRAVEL FELLOWSHIPS...... 30 Dr Dusan Losic (Uni South Australia) – visit to the University of Chicago, USA...... 30 Dr Jozelito Razal (Uni Wollongong) – visit to the University of Dallas, USA...... 32 Mr Craig Bell (Uni of Queensland) – visit to the University of Pensylvania, USA...... 34 Mrs. Xiaoxia Yin (University of Adelaide) – visit to Reading University and Cambridge University in the U.K...... 35 Ms Tara Schiller (Queensland Institute of Technology) – visit to the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), USA...... 36 Mr Jingxian Yu (Flinders University) – visit to the University of Cambridge...... 38 Mr Tor Kit Goh (Melbourne Uni) – visit to Nagoya University, Japan ...... 42

Miss Hannah Joyce (ANU) – visit to the University of Cincinnati (USA) ...... 43 Mr Matthew Nussio (Flinders Uni) - visit to the University of Barcelona...... 45 Mr Chee Howe See (Sydney Uni) –visit to the University College, London...... 45 Dr Lynn Dennany (Uni Wollongong) –visit to Dublin City University, Ireland...... 46 Dr Xiangdong Yao (Uni Queensland) – visit to the University of London (UK)...... 50 Mr. Michael Fraser (ANU) –visit to Stanford University, USA...... 51 Mr. Greg Jolley (ANU) –visit to the Centre for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory – USA...... 52 Mr. Kane O’Donnell (Uni of Newcastle) – visit to the University of Cambridge, UK...... 53

YOUNG NANOTECHNOLOGY AMBASSADOR AWARDS ...... 60 Mr. Kenneth Wong (University of New South Wales)...... 60 Ms Yunyi Wong (University of Queensland)...... 65 Mr Akshat Tanksale (Queensland University) ...... 68 Ms Jenny Riesz and Dr Joel Gilmore (Universty of Queensland)...... 70 Mr Martin Cole (University of South Australia) ...... 77 Mr Ashley Stephens (The University of Melbourne) ...... 79

TRAVEL FUNDS FOR EARLY CAREER RESEARCHERS AND POST GRADUATE STUDENTS ...... 79

WORKSHOPS, CONFERENCES AND EVENTS ...... 79 Electromaterials Science Symposium 07- 09/02/2007 – University of Wollongong...... 80 Interaction Energies and the Structure of Surfaces and Nano-Structures 19/02/2007 - 21/02/2007 – RMIT University, Melbourne...... 84 Second Australian Nanoindentation Workshop, 18- 20/03/2007 – ANU Kioloa Campus.. 88 3rd Asian and Pacific Rim Symposium on Biophotonics - 9–11/07/2007 – Cairns...... 91 COMS2007 02/09/2007 - 06/09/2007 - Melbourne...... 93 Nanostructures for Electronics Energy and Environment (Nano-E3) 23-28/09/2007 – South Stradbroke Island, QLD...... 96 Symposium on Metallic Multilayers - 15/10/2007 - 19/10/2007 – University of Western Australia...... 101 SPIE Conference on Device and Process Technologies for Microelectronics, MEMS, Photonics and Nanotechnology 04/12/2007 - 07/12/2007 - ANU...... 103

WEBSITE ...... 106 NANOTECHNOLOGY FACILITIES AND CAPABILITIES REGISTER...... 107 NEWSLETTER ...... 107 MEMBERSHIP...... 108 PLANNED 2008 ACTIVITIES...... 109

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ...... 110 Appendix A - ARCNN Members by State ...... 114 Appendix B – Demographic list of ARCNN Website Hits ...... 147 Appendix C - ARCNN News, Edition 15, October 2007...... 153 Appendix D - List of ARCNN Friends...... 159 Appendix E – ICONN 2008 Promotional Flyer ...... 161

MISSION STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVES

Mission Statement The Mission statement of the Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network is to enhance Australia’s Research in Nanotechnology and related areas, by effectively promoting and drawing together collaborations in this field.

Objectives The Nanotechnology field is one of the fastest growing areas of research and technology. The Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network (ARCNN) is dedicated to substantially enhancing Australia’s research outcomes in this important field by promoting effective collaborations, exposing researchers to alternative and complementary approaches from other fields, encouraging forums for postgraduate students and early career researchers, increasing nanotechnology infrastructure, enhancing awareness of existing infrastructure, and promoting international links. The ARCNN will achieve these goals through its dedication to bringing together all the various groups working in the field of Nanotechnology and related areas within Australia. This innovative new network was created by four seed funding networks joining together in order to cover the broader areas and to create a larger more effective network.

The Network aims to: 1. bring together key groups working in this area to communicate, innovate, share and exploit mutual strengths and facilities to make a major impact internationally 2. identify new areas of research 3. highlight the infrastructure that is available in Australia and promote use and sharing of these facilities 4. identify infrastructure needs to strengthen research 5. leverage off and interact with other networks for mutual benefit 6. develop industry and international links 7. interact with the wider community 8. encourage postgraduate students and early career researchers to enhance their skill base and training 9. become a national resource for industry, research and educational institutions, government and policy developers

Year 3 in Review

During 2007 ARCNN focused on enhancing its International communications, continuing its Website development – http://www.ausnano.net, preparing for the next International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and following up on funding events related to Nanotechnology.

Membership of 903, participants including include 569 post graduate students and Early Career Researchers. More than 180 research groups are participating in the Network.

Over 930,000 Website hits

Cash Income of $ 470,170

In Kind Contributions of $ 153,603

Continued with the Development of the Nanotechnology Facilities and Capabilities Register

Hosted 4 International Distinguished Lecturer tours

Hosted 2 Special Lectures

Preparations for the International Conference of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology to be held in February 2008

3 Long Term Visits

12 Overseas Travel Fellowships

6 Young Nanoscience Ambassador Awards

2 PhD students received Travel Grants

11 Events Sponsored by ARCNN

4 Structure and Management The Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network is managed by a Management Committee which met 5 times during 2007. The first Board meeting for 2007 was held at the Centre for Nanostructured Electromaterials, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute at the University of Wollongong on the 22nd of February 2007. Other meetings held during 2007 were in May at the Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, in July at the Melbourne Convention Centre, in September at the ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, the University of Queensland, and at the Australian National University in December. This management board represents the wider membership and is chaired by an independent chair. The committee determines the priorities for each activity and allocates the budget for the network. A Network Manager manages the day to day administrative tasks under the Guidance of the Network Convenor.

Management Committee Chair The duties of the Chair are to chair Management committee meetings, provide advice to the Network, confirm meeting minutes for circulation to Management committee members, represent the network at important meetings and provide general guidance to the network management.

Convenor The convenor has overall responsibility for the Network operations and for meeting ARC requirements and guidelines. Represent the network at key Nanotechnology meetings in Australia and key International network meetings. Supervise Network staff and provide overall direction to the network activities.

Management Committee Members The management committee members participate in committee meetings. They serve on the Working Group sub committees, represent the Network and publicise network activities, organise and actively participate in the management of network activities, act as ambassadors for the Network and provide advice to the network members about network programs.

Working Groups Committee members form into working groups that assess funding applications and other issues prior to the matter going to the full Management committee for voting.

There are four working groups and their areas comprise Events Working Group – evaluates all applications for sponsorship funding for Conferences, Workshops, Summer and Winter Schools and Short Courses. Visits Working Group – evaluates all applications for Short and Long Term Visits and Overseas Travel Fellowships. Outreach Working Group – evaluates outreach proposals such as Public Lectures, Distinguished Lecturers visits, outreach and Webpage. Education Working Group – evaluates applications for student, ECR and Entrepreneur Forums and educational activities. The Convenor fills in if a working group member is unavailable or is one of the applicants (when there is a conflict of interest). 5 The Management Committee (MC) comprises of the following members, representing 6 States, students and early career researchers and chaired by an Independent chair. The MC has representatives from ANSTO, CSIRO, DSTO and industry.

Management Committee meeting at the University of Wollongong in February 2007

Management Committee meeting in Melbourne to discuss ICONN2008 From Left to right Prof Peter Majewski, Liz Micallef, Prof Neville Fletcher, Prof Paul Mulvaney(Co-Chair for ICONN 2008), Prof Calum Drummond, Dr Adam Micolich, Prof Deb Kane, Mr Thomas Rufford, Prof Max Lu, A/Prof Michael James, Prof Jagadish, Dr Abid Khan (Co-Chair for ICONN 2008), Dr Alan Wilson and Prof Terry Turney.

Management Committee meeting in Canberra December 2007

The Management Committee in 2007 comprised of:

Chairman- Emeritus Professor Neville H. Fletcher - Australian National University up to November 2007 Chairman – Emeritus Professor Erich Weigold – Australian National University from December 2007

Convenor- Prof Chennupati Jagadish - Australian National University

Events Working Group Prof. Laurie Faraone –The University of Western Australia Prof. Paul Mulvaney –The University of Melbourne Dr Alan Wilson – Defence Science and Technology Organisation Prof. Peter Majewski –University of South Australia Prof Michael James –Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation

Visits Working Group Dr Adam Micolich – University of New South Wales Prof. Deb Kane – Macquarie University Prof Gordon Wallace –University of Wollongong Mr Thomas Rufford –University of Queensland 7

Outreach Working Group Dr Adam Micolich – University of New South Wales Prof. Deb Kane – Macquarie University

Education Working Group Prof. Max Lu – University of Queensland Dr Terry Turney – Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Mr Thomas Rufford – University of Queensland

Dr Steve Duvall – INTEL Dr Calum Drummond – Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation A/Prof Paul Wright – RMIT-University

Ms Liz Micallef – Network Manager Ms Ilonka Krolikowska – Network Administrator

ARCNN Structure

ARCNN Management Board Finance and Audit (Independent Chair and Membership Committee representing the wider community)

Network Convenor Network Manager and Network Administrato r

Events Working Visits Working Outreach Working Education Group Group Group Working Group

8 ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN BY ARCNN

List of Activities funded by ARCNN

Distinguished Lecturers • Prof Jacob Israelachvili from the University of California,Santa Barbara,USA 9th -16th February 2007 • Prof E G Wang from the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. 5th-14th February 2007 • Professor Selim Ünlü, from Boston University, USA 19th to 29th June 2007 • Dr H. C. Liu from the National Research Council of Canada 28th November to 4th December 2007

Special Lectures organised by ARCNN • Prof Hiroaki Misawa from Hokkaido University, Japan – 31/01/2007 • Prof G Ramanath from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY, USA – 29/06/2007

Long Term Visits • Miss Brianna Thompson ( Intelligent Polymers Research Institute) – visit to the Bionic Ear Institute Melbourne • Ms Massey De Los Reyes (Ian Wark Institute) - visit to the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) • Mr Dinesh Kumar Venkatachalam (RMIT University) – visit to the Electronic Materials Engineering Department at the Australian National University

Overseas Travel Fellowships • Mr Craig Bell (Uni of Queensland) – visit to the Department of Chemistry, University of Pensylvania, Phiadelphia, USA

• Dr Jozelito Razal (Uni Wollongong) – visit to Nanotech Institute of the University of Dallas, USA

• Mrs. Xiaoxia Yin (University of Adelaide) – visit to Reading University and Cambridge University in the U.K.

• Ms Tara Schiller (Queensland Institute of Technology) – visit to the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), USA

• Mr Jingxian Yu (Flinders University) – visit to the University of Cambridge, UK

• Mr Tor Kit Goh (Melbourne Uni) – visit to Nagoya University, Japan

• Mr Chee Howe See (Sydney Uni) –visit to the University College, London, UK

• Miss Hannah Joyce (ANU) – visit to the University of Cincinnati (USA

• Mr Matthew Nussio (Flinders Uni) - visit to the University of Barcelona

• Dr Xiangdong Yao (Uni Queensland) – visit to the University of London (UK)

• Dr Lynn Dennany (Uni Wollongong) –visit to Dublin City University, Ireland

Young Nanotechnology Ambassador Awards New South Wales Mr. Kenneth Wong (University of New South Wales) Northern Territory Trip Ms Jenny Riesz and Dr Joel Gilmore (Universty of Queensland) Queensland Ms Yunyi Wong (University of Queensland) Mr Akshat Tanksale (University of Queensland) South Australia Mr Martin Cole (University of South Australia) Victoria Mr Ashley Stephens (The Unversity of Melbourne)

Travel Funds for Early Career Researchers and Postgraduate Students • 2 PhD students received travel funds

Workshops and Events Sponsored by ARCNN • Electromaterials Science Symposium 07/02/2007 - 09/02/2007 – University of Wollongong • Interaction Energies and the Structure of Surfaces and Nano-Structures 19/02/2007 - 21/02/2007 – RMIT University, Melbourne • Second Australian Nanoindentation Workshop 18/03/2007 - 20/03/2007 – ANU K ioloa Campus • 3rd Asian and Pacific Rim Symposium on Biophotonics 9/07/2007 – 11/07/2007 – Cairns • COMS2007 02/09/2007 - 06/09/2007 - Melbourne • Nanostructures for Electronics Energy and Environment (Nano-E3) 23/09/2007 - 28/09/2007 – South Stradbroke Island, QLD • Symposium on Metallic Multilayers 15/10/2007 - 19/10/2007 – University of Western Australia • SPIE Conference on Device and Process Technologies for Microelectronics, MEMS, Photonics and Nanotechnology 04/12/2007 - 07/12/2007 - ANU • COPE & ARCNN Summer School 09/12/2007 - 14/12/2007 - South Stradbroke Island, QLD

Nanotechnology Facilities and Capabilities Register

DISTINGUISHED LECTURER TOURS

The aim of the Distinguished Lecturer Program is to bring international experts in the field to Australia and to give lectures in various institutions across the country. This also allows young scientists to interact with internationally renowned scientists in the field and allow Australian researchers to be aware of state of the art research overseas. These visitors will act as Ambassadors for Australian Science internationally. There were five Overseas Distinguished Lecturers invited to tour Australia and talk about their fields of research and expertise. CD Video recordings of these seminars have been distributed to members free of charge based on requests received. These CD’s are very popular and we are still receiving requests for free CD’s of Distinguished Lecturer seminars presented in 2005 and 2006. Copies of 2007 Distinguished Lecturer seminars and special lecture CD’s are attached.

Prof Jacob Israelachvili Professor Jacob Israelachvili received his BA and MA in (Experimental) Physics from the University of Cambridge, England, and also carried out graduate and postgraduate research work there at the Surface Physics Department of the Cavendish Laboratory. He received his PhD in 1972. After a two-year European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) research fellowship at the University of Stockholm, he left for Australia where, from 1974 to 1986, he lead an experimental research group devoted to measuring the forces between surfaces. In 1986 he joined the faculty of the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) where he holds joint appointments as Professor in the Chemical Engineering Department, the Materials Department, and the BioMolecular Science and Engineering program. From 1993 to 2003 he was the Associate Director of the Materials Research Laboratory at UCSB.

During his February visit to Australia, Professor Israelachvili gave a lecture on the topic Recent Progress in understanding the hydrophobic interaction and its role in complex and biological assemblies in the following cities:

Macquarie University, Sydney The Australian National University, Canberra The University of South Australia The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Emeritus Prof Neville Fletcher and Prof Jacob Israelachvili

11 Abstract Results of direct force measurements between macroscopic hydrophobic surfaces began to appear in the 1980s. Since then, reported ranges of the attraction between variously prepared hydrophobic surfaces in water grew from the initially reported value of ~100 Å to values as large as 3,000 Å. Recent improved surface preparation techniques and the combination of surface force apparatus measurement with atomic force microscopy imaging has made it possible to explain the so-called ‘long-range’ part of this interaction (at separations greater than 100-200 Å) observed between certain surfaces. We tentatively conclude that only the ‘short-range’ part of the attraction (below 100 Å) represents the true hydrophobic interaction, although a quantitative explanation for this interaction will require additional research. While our force-measuring technique did not allow collection of reliable data at separations below 10 Å our results suggest that some even stronger force must act in this regime if the measured interaction energy curve is to extrapolate to the measured adhesion energy as the surface separation approaches zero, i.e., as the surfaces come into molecular contact. This may be the regime addressed by MC and MD simulations. Some examples will be given where hydrophobic and electrostatic forces act together, giving rise to effects that vary in space and time in a totally non-additive way, i.e., qualitatively quite different from when only one of these interactions is operating. Such synergies can lead to an understanding of important biological processes such as complex membrane-membrane interactions, protein adhesion, fusion and pore formation.

Prof E.G. Wang Prof Wang received his PhD of physics from Peking University in 1990. He spent one year in Laboratoire d’Etude des Surface at Interfaces (CNRS, France) and four years in University of Houston (USA) as a postdoc and research staff. In 1995, he joined the Institute of Physics (CAS) as a professor and later on became the director. In early of 2004, he was appointed as the Co- Director of Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, one of the first five national laboratories in China. From 1995 to 2005, he was a visiting pr ofessor in Univ. of Oxford (UK), Univ. of Texas (USA), Univ. of Michigan (USA), Univ. of Muenster (Germany), Technical Univ. of Denmark (Denmark), Oak Ridge National Lab. (USA), Univ. of Genova (Italy), National Univ. of Singapore, Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ., Hong Kong Univ., McGill Univ. (Canada), Chalmers Univ. of Technology (Sweden), Harvard Univ. (USA) and Fritz-Haber Institute der MPG (Germany). He was a JSPS Professor in the Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University (Japan) (2001-2002). He is an International Advisor, National Institute for Materials Sciences (NIMS), Japan, since 2006 and an honorary professor of Hong Kong Univ., since 2000. His area of research interest focuses surface science; the approach is a combination of atomistic simulations and experiments. In this area, Wang has co-authored 190 papers in peer- reviewed journals (3 in Science, 18 in PRL, 2 JACS, 30 in APL, and 7 Invited review articles) and 6 patents, co-edited 1 MRS proceeding, and delivered more than 30 invited talks in international conference, including MRS (2000, 2002), APS (2001, 2004), ACerS (2001), and IUMRS 2003). From Left Dr Ying Chen, Prof Enge Wang, Emeritus Prof Neville Fletcher and Prof Rob Elliman 12 During his visit in February he gave seminars on the topic Attempts in CNT Engineering: Nanocone, Nanobell, and Beyond in the following cities:

Australian National University - Canberra University of Queensland - Brisbane

Abstract Nanoscale carbon-based materials exhibit a wealth of interesting structural, electronic, and optical behaviors. Chemical vapor deposition technology allows almost unlimited freedom to produce functional nano-materials with controllable compositions and structures approaching the nanometer scale among light elements. Tubular graphite nanocones with nanometer-sized tips and micrometer-sized roots, have been synthesized. These nanocones have hollow interiors and identical chiralities of a zigzag type across the entire diameter. Aligned polymerized carbon nitride (CN) nanobells have been grown on a large scale. Separation of single CN nanobells and fabrication of heterojunctions between CN nanobells and pure carbon nanotubes are achieved. Electronic effect and related tunneling mechanism of polymerized CN nanobells are studied by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Ab-initio study found that nitrogen atoms, which are attracted to the open-edge sites of the bells, may play as stoppers during the nanobell growth. Single wall boron carbon nitride (BCN) has been obtained and characterized. Also discuss cactus-like boron carbonitride (BCN) nanofibers, which present strong blue-violet photoluminescence at room temperature. Finally, some experimental results, related to the potential applications in nanoprobes, emitters, and lithium storage, as well as in situ probing of single nano-object inside transmission electron microscope will be discussed. Research supported by CAS, NSF and MOST of China.

Prof Selim Ünlü Professor Selim Ünlü, a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Physics at Boston University visited Australia in the last week of June. Prof Ünlü's career interest is in research and development of photonic materials, devices and systems focusing on the design, processing, characterization, and modeling of semiconductor optoelectronic devices, especially photodetectors, as well as high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy of semiconductor and biological materials.

During his tour from the 19th to the 29th June he gave seminars in the following cities on the topic of “Applications of Optical Resonance to Biological Sensing and Imaging”:

Australian National University – Canberra The University of Western Australia - Perth Monash University – Melbourne University of Technology – Sydney Macquarie University – Sydney

Prof Selim Unlu and Prof Jagadish

Emeritus Prof Neville Fletcher, Prof Selim Unlu and Prof Jagadish

Abstract Applications of Optical Resonance to Biological Sensing and Imaging Optical resonance is one of the key properties of light enabling important devices such as interference filters and lasers. We present application of optical resonance and micro-resonators to biological sensing and imaging techniques. The importance of optical resonance has long been recognized and the interference due to multiple reflections had in fact been analyzed theoretically by George Airy nearly two centuries ago. Optical resonator has become a household name since Fabry and Perot and has been used for numerous sensing applications to improve sensitivity. Over the past 20 years we have been involved in the development of optoelectronic devices whose performance is enhanced by placing the active device structure inside a resonant microcavity. A novel application of resonance to fluorescence microscopy promises nanometer resolution in biological imaging. We have developed a new technique – spectral self- interference fluorescent microscopy (SSFM) – that transforms the variation in emission intensity for different path lengths used in fluorescence interferometry to a variation in the intensity for different wavelengths in emission, encoding the high-resolution information in the emission spectrum. Using monolayers of proteins as well as single and double stranded DNA we have demonstrated sub nanometer axial height determination for thin layers of fluorophores. Using SSFM, we have estimated the shape of coiled single-stranded DNA, the average tilt of double- stranded DNA of different lengths, and the amount of hybridization. The data provide important proofs of concept for the capabilities of novel optical surface analytical methods of the molecular disposition of DNA on surfaces. The determination of DNA conformations on surfaces and hybridization behavior provide information required to move DNA interfacial applications forward and thus impact emerging clinical and biotechnological fields. We have recently developed a new label-free microarray technique – Resonant Cavity Imaging Biosensor (RCIB) – that detects binding on a surface and promises high-sensitivity as well as simultaneous imaging of very large arrays. We have also demonstrated application of vertically coupled glass microring resonators to biomolecular sensing.

During his time in Canberra Prof Unlu also gave two short courses at the ANU on the following

• Photodetectors: Fundamentals, Bandwidth and Noise Considerations • High-resolution optical microscopy: Solid Immersion Lens and Subsurface Imaging using Numerical Aperture Increasing Lens

Dr H C Liu

H. C. Liu was born in the city of Taiyuan in China. He received his BSc in physics from Lanzhou University (China) in 1982, and PhD in applied physics from the University of Pittsburgh (USA) in 1987 as an Andrew Mellon Predoctoral Fellow. Dr. Liu’s major research interest is semiconductor nanoscience and quantum devices. Dr. Liu joined the Institute for Microstructural Sciences of the National Research Council of Canada in 1987. He is currently the Terahertz & Imaging Devices Group Leader in the Institute. Dr. Liu has authored or co- authored more than 300 refereed journal articles (with about 90 as first or sole author), and given more than 108 presentations (67 invited) at international conferences. He was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) and Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), has been granted over a dozen patents, and has been awarded the Herzberg Medal from the Canadian Association of Physicists in 2000, the Bessel Prize from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in 2001, and the Chinese Overseas Distinguished Young Scientist Award (NSFC-B) in 2005. He holds chair/adjunct/guest/honorary professorships in 11 institutions in Canada, China, and the USA.

During his tour, he presented his talk on Terahertz Nano-Optoelectronics and gave a seminar in the following cities:

University of Adelaide – Adelaide Australian National University – Canberra University of New South Wales – Sydney

Abstract Terahertz (THz) technology is generally regarded as one of the most promising candidates to bring about totally new and revolutionary applications. The aim of my research is twofold: (1) good science in nanostructures and (2) creation of sensing technologies based on THz nano- optoelectronics. Here, the nanostructures are semiconductor quantum dots (QD) and quantum wells (QW) as well as their combinations. With QDs and QWs, atomic-like quantum processes between confined levels within the conduction band (intersublevel and intersubband transition) are studied, THz nanodevices such as emitters and detectors are investigated. Examples to be discussed are intersublevel transition in QDs and possible implementation of THz lasers based on this process, THz quantum well photodetectors, THz quantum cascade lasers, quantum optic processes, and potentially unique applications in the THz spectrum.

SPECIAL LECTURES

Prof Hiroaki Misawa 31/01/2007 Hiroaki Misawa is a Professor at the Research Institute for Electronic Science at Hokkaido University and the Head of the Nanotechnology Research Center. He is a graduate of Tsukuba University, where he also completed a PhD studies at the Chemistry Department in 1984. His post doctoral research has been carried out in Tsukuba and Texas Universities. He was one of group leaders of the Microphotoconversion

ERATO project of J apan Science and Technology Agency in 1988-93. From 1993 he joined Department of Engineering of the University of Tokushima and was promoted to full professor in 1995. He moved to Hokkaido University in 2003. His current research interests include photochemistry, light-matter interaction, ultra-fast processes in materials, photonic crystals, and plasmonics. He has authored more than 200 papers.

Prof Neville Fletcher, Prof Misawa and Prof Jagadish Abstract Micro-/Nano-Structures for Photonics

Our work in the fields of three-dimensional (3D) laser microfabrication and plasmonics currently taking place at Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES) and Nanotechnology Center of Hokkaido Univ. will be presented.

We demonstrate a 3D laser microfabrication of photonic crystal templates by direct laser writing and holographic recording in SU-8 resist. Optical and structural properties of photo-polymerized structures will be presented. Current limitations and possible new applications of metal coated 3D photonic structures made by laser photo-polymerization will be overviewed.

Nano-patterns of Au, Ag, and Cu prospective for sensor applications with field intensity enhancement factors up to 104 (corresponding to the Raman enhancement factor of 108) were templated over large (sub-mm in cross-section) areas by liftoff technique. Their properties and possible applications are discussed.

We also show new emerging prospects and applications of 3D laser structured materials in micro-photonics and micro-fluidics.

16 Special Lecture – Prof G Ramanath 29/06/2007 Professor Ramanath received his Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from the University of Illinois-Urbana in 1997. He became a tenured Associate Professor in 2003, and was promoted to full Professor in 2006. He has been a Visiting Professor at the International Center for Young Scientists, Tsukuba, Japan (summer 2004), the Nanoscale Science Department at the Max Planck Institute für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany as an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow (2004-2005), and the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (summer 2006). He is an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology since October 2003, and serves on the editorial advisory board of the Journal of Experimental Nanoscience. Professor Ramanath's current research interests are in the areas of synthesis, assembly, and characterization of nanostructures and thin films, with emphasis on exploring new materials and architectures for fabricating future nanodevices for computing, energy generation and management, and understanding the relationships between atomic-level structure and chemistry, and properties. Emeritus Prof Neville Fletcher, Prof Ramanath and Prof Jagadish Abstract SCULPTURE AND NOVEL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR ASSEMBLIES FOR APPLICATIONS

I will describe completely new approaches to assemble oriented carbon nanotube architectures and nanoparticle/nanorod heterostructures of metal alloys and low-band-gap semiconductors with control over structure, composition, shape, size, and surface chemistry, and describe an example where a sub-nm-thick molecular nanolayer provides chemical isolation and unprecedented colossal mechanical toughening at thin film interfaces. I will first illustrate a substrate-selective chemical vapor deposition method to grow carbon nanotube bundles of controllable lengths and premeditated orientations at select locations on planar and curved surfaces. Key aspects of scaling behavior of oriented growth and electrical transport mechanisms in the nanotube assemblies will be discussed. I will then present new scalable approaches to fabricate hybrid nanostructures by derivatizing nanotubes with nanoparticles and proteins through the use of ion irradiation, microwave stimulation and current injection. I will conclude with a discussion on the use of organosilane and polyelectrolyte nanolayers to enhance the chemical integrity, electrical device reliability and mechanical toughness of metal-dielectric thin film interfaces. The molecular-level mechanisms that inhibit interfacial diffusion and provide adhesion will be discussed. I will highlight the use of a sub-nm- thick molecular layer as an adhesive that can bind non-sticking materials and provide colossal interfacial toughening at temperatures higher than previously envisioned. I will provide glimpses of how these findings can be utilized for developing new applications.

17 INTERNATIONAL VISITS BY NETWORK MEMBERS

Ms Tina Rankovic –Taiwan Nano 2007

The following are some highlights from the report by Ms Tina Rankovic, CEO of the Australian Nano Business Forum, whose trip to Taiwan for Taiwan Nano 2007 was partly covered by ARCNN. One of her objectives was to promote ICONN 2008.

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to disseminate information to the addressees regarding the Taiwan Nano 2007 conference and exhibition held in Taipei 13 – 16 June 2007. Additionally discussions held in associated meetings are also summarised.

Overview: Taiwan Nano is marketed as a major annual international nanotechnology event, combining a conference and exhibition. In 2007, it was held at the prestigious National Taiwan University (NTU) in Taipei. It incorporates a range of activities including an International Nanotechnology Workshop and Business Opportunity Forum, Taiwan Nano Exhibition, Asia Nano Forum (ANF) Teacher’s Workshop, National Nanotech Innovation Competition and the Annual Meeting of the National Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program.

The Australian delegation comprised of four individuals: Tina Rankovic (CEO, ANBF), Jane Niall (Deputy Secretary, DIIRD), Clive Davenport (CEO, Small Technologies Cluster and President, MANCEF) and Francesca Calati (Manager, Accelerated Curriculum and Nanotechnology, St Helena Secondary College).

The objectives of the delegation were as follows: Promote Australian nanotechnology capability Promote the forthcoming 12th International COMS Conference (2 – 6 September, 2007) Promote the forthcoming 2008 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN) (25 – 29 February, 2008) Continue ANBF relationship–building with ANF members.

Conference and Exhibition: Commentary on key elements of the conference and exhibition are detailed below: National Nanotech Innovation Competition – A number of awards were made at the opening ceremony on 14 June. The conference and exhibition was opened by President Chen, and this was covered extensively by the local electronic and print media organisations. The award recipients included both academia and industry organisations. The recipients received both public recognition and financial rewards of up to NT$100,000 (AU$1= ~ NT$27). It was interesting to note that award winners were lauded in a similar way to Australian sporting heroes! ANF Teachers Workshop – This component of the conference was held on 14 – 15 June and was attended by Francesca Calati, who made a presentation on St Helena Secondary College’s nanotechnology education programme. International Nanotechnology Workshop and Business Opportunity Forum – This component of the conference was held on 14 – 15 June and was attended by Clive Davenport and Tina Rankovic. The quality of the presentations was highly variable, and generally not of the standard

18 of those made at the recent NSTI event held in the USA. Due to the late withdrawal of two speakers, Clive Davenport was invited to give a presentation at short notice. Exhibition – The exhibition was held on 14 – 16 June in the NTU Sports Centre. A floor plan and complete list of exhibitors is attached. Australia was represented in the ANF Pavilion, together with Japan, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Thailand, New Zealand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore and India. Apart from displays and representation by Australia and New Zealand, the pavilion had little to interest registrants and was undermanned. The remainder of the exhibition can be broadly divided into three categories:

Peripheral Meetings: Commentary on peripheral meetings is detailed below: Prof Wu - A meeting was held with Professor Maw-Kuen (MK) Wu on 14 June. Prof Wu has several roles – he is the Director of Physics at the Academia Sinica, Director General of the National Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program, current Chair of the ANF and Chair of the Taiwan Nanotechnology Industry Development Association (TANIDA). Also present in the meeting were Tina Rankovic, Alfred Huang (Austrade) and Dr Tsing-Tang Song, CEO of the National Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program and Secretary General of TANIDA.

Prof Wu explained that the Academia Sinica is 100% Government funded and focuses on fundamental research in four core areas; physical sciences, life sciences, humanities and social sciences. He reports to the President of Academia Sinica, who reports President Chen. As such, they are seen as a special academic group and have input into science and technology policy setting. With respect to TANIDA (www.tanida.org.tw) this non-profit organisation was formed in 2004, as there is strong recognition of the need for industry involvement. Given the international aspect of TANIDA, Tina Rankovic then discussed the forthcoming COMS and ICONN events at some length, and repeated previous invitations by others to Prof Wu for him to lead a Taiwanese delegation to the events.

Australian Commerce and Industry Office (ACIO) Visit – The ACIO is the Australian representative office in Taiwan. Two meetings were held at ACIO on 15 June. For the purposes of this report, the notes from both meetings are summarised as one. The meeting attendees were Tina Rankovic, Alfred Huang, Henry Wang (Invest Australia), Steve Waters (Representative ACIO), Jeff Turner (Deputy Representative – ACIO) and Dean Woodgate (Director of Education, Science and Training, ACIO).

Dean Woodgate explained that he represented DEST in Taiwan and works closely with Austrade and Invest Australia to raise the profile of Australian nanotechnology in Taiwan. To date, he has organised some activities that have mostly involved academia. One such activity was a DEST funded nano-bio workshop in Melbourne that involved 20 Taiwanese academics visiting counterparts in Melbourne. They are now looking to build on this momentum.

Tina Rankovic suggested that a Taiwanese delegation to either or both of the forthcoming ICOMS and ICONN meetings would be an appropriate mechanism to build on the relationship. Dean Woodgate advised there had been previous discussions with the ARCNN regarding an Australia/Taiwan nanotechnology workshop proposed for January. Tina Rankovic suggested it may be prudent to run it either before or after ICONN. DEST has allocated ~ $20 -25K for this activity and it is likely that the Taiwan government will provide matching funds.

19 Action required: Discuss possibility of nanotechnology workshop being attached to ICONN with ARCNN (DW). Email soft copies of COMS and ICONN brochures to Dean Woodgate (TR). Follow up discussion re. dinner meeting with Taiwanese Minister of Science (TR/DW).

Dr Su – A meeting was held with Dr Tsung-Tsan Su on 15 June. Dr Su has several roles – she is the General Director of the Nanotechnology Research Centre at the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI www.itri.org.tw), which is similar to CSIRO. She is also Co-Director of the National Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program and Board Director of TANIDA, where she has responsibility for international business. Also present in the meeting were Jane Niall, Clive Davenport and Jane Lam (Austrade).

Dr Su also explained that ITRI underwent a re-organisation in 2006 and has moved to a more service-oriented approach. Taiwan is currently shifting manufacturing off-shore, mostly to China, and the Taiwanese service e sector is projected to grow. Accordingly, ITRI are sending their senior managers to IBM for training in how to leverage ICT to provide better service.

Due to extensive travel commitments, it is unlikely that Dr Su will be able to attend COMS. However, she was interested to hear about ICONN, and would be a worthy addition to the list of presenters for the research program.

Action required: Copy Dr Su on the email to Prof Wu and Dr Song (TR).

ANF Executive Meeting – A meeting of the ANF Executive Committee was held in the evening of 15 June. The ANF is currently comprised of 13 economies in the Asia Pacific region including Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. Australia was represented at the meeting by Jane Niall, Clive Davenport and Tina Rankovic.

Jane Niall discussed the forthcoming COMS event. Jane extended an invitation to the ANF for it to hold a meeting of its Commercialisation Working Group at COMS, and offered 3 nights free accommodation to one delegate from each of the other 12 countries.

Recommendations: It is not recommended that Australia be represented at Taiwan Nano on an annual basis. Attendance for specific reasons such as to attend other key meetings and/or promote Australian events, as was the case this year, has merit and should be considered on a case by case basis.

Tina Rankovic Chief Executive Officer, ANBF

Australian Delegation to India for the Indo–Australia Symposium on Multifunctional Nanomaterials Nanostructures and Applications 19-21 December

In December 2007 Prof Jagadish led a delegation of scientists to the Indo- Australia Symposium on Multifulctional Nanomaterials Nanostructures and Applications 19-21 December which was held in Delhi.

The delegation consisted of the following participants: Prof. C. Jagadish, Federation Fellow, Australian National University (Workshop Co-Chair) Prof. Robert Lamb, Scientific Director, Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne Prof. Leon Kane-McGuire, University of Wollongong Prof. Max Lu, Federation Fellow, University of Queensland Prof. Matt Trau, Federation Fellow, University of Queensland Prof. Jim Williams, Director, RSPhysSE, Australian National University Assoc. Prof. Tim Senden, Director ACT Node, AMMRF, Appl. Maths, RSPhysSE, Australian National University

Background Nanotechnology is considered as technology of the future with predicted revenues of multi- trillion dollars in next 20 years. Both Australia-India have invested in this technology of the future and are keen to develop stronger links between the two countries. Dr. Jim Peacock, Chief Scientist, led a delegation of Australian scientists and Govt. officials from DEST to India to discuss with Indian Department of Science and Technology (DST) about joint projects to be funded by DEST and DST. During these discussions it was identified that a workshop on nanotechnology with participation from Australian and Indian scientists will allow us to identify projects of mutual interest which could be considered for funding under the Australia-India Strategic Research Fund (AISRF).

Purpose Main purpose of this workshop is to learn about the strengths of the nanotechnology activities in Australia and India and to identify common areas of interest for collaborative research efforts potentially leading to applications for consideration for funding by DEST and DST in future rounds of AISRF.

Topics Covered Nanomaterials, quantum dots, nanowires, quantum computing, synchrotrons, nano- electromaterials, nano-biotechnology, nano-medicine, nano-porous materials for energy applications

Sponsors Australian Department of Education, Science and Training (currently Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research) – International Science Linkages Program Department of Science and Technology, Indian Government Department of Biotechnology, Indian Government Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Government Defence Research and Development Organisation, Indian Government 21 University of Delhi ICON Analytical Equipment Pvt Ltd Bruker AXS Analytical Instruments Pvt Ltd Agmatel India Pvt Ltd Labindia Investments Pvt Ltd

Outcomes: Symposium opening function was a high profile activity with participation of Hon. Mr. John McCarthy, Australian High Commissioner to India and Dr. T. Ramasamy, Secretary, Department of Science and Technology, Prof. Deepak Pental, Vice-Chancellor, University of Delhi, Prof. S.K. Tandon, Pro-Vice Chancellor, University of Delhi. All the speakers emphasised the importance of nanotechnology for both countries and hoped that this symposium will lead to closer cooperation between scientists of both countries.

Fig.1 Symposium Opening Ceremony

Symposium was well attended with than 250 participants from various parts of the country representing, Academia, Govt. Laboratories and industry. Topics covered included nanocrystals, quantum dots, nanowires, nano-porous media, quantum computing, nano-electronics, nano- photonics, nano-biotechnology, nanostructures for ICT, energy applications, catalysis, biosensors, cancer detection, bionics, medical imaging were covered. Industry presentations were interesting in the sense that they are keen on investing in nanotechnology and expanding manufacturing capabilities in solar cells, optical recording media, and pharmaceuticals. In addition to a plenary talk, invited talks, contributed oral presentations, a large number of poster papers were presented leading to stimulating discussions.

Following potential collaborative links have been identified and could potentially lead to Australia-India Strategic Research Fund (AISRF) proposals for funding in the future from Indian DST and Australian DIISR. Some of the Australian participants are planning to invite Indian researchers to visit their laboratories.

University of Wollongong (Prof. Gordon Wallace and Prof. Leon-Kane Maguire) (1) Prof Arun Chattopadhyay, from IIT Guwahati. His excellent research on conducting polymer fibers and composites with nanomaterials, and their applications in areas such as chemical/biochemical sensors and actuators, is highly relevant 22 to our related research. We believe there are excellent opportunities for mutually beneficial collaboration in these areas.

(2) Dr Bipasa Bose, from Reliance Life Sciences Pty Ltd, Navi Mumbai. Her exciting research on the use of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine is of great interest to the Nano-Bionics Program in our ARC Centre. In particular, her studies on the use of carbon nanotubes as novel platforms for the culturing and proliferation of stem cellscomplements our own studies with organic conducting polymers as platforms for the culturing and prolifersation of neuron and muscle cells.

University of Queensland (Prof. Max Lu) Professor P.Selvam, IIT Madras, Chennai and Professor Tarasankar Pal, IIT Kharagpur Nanomaterials in nonporous molecular sieves and nonporous media for catalysis applications. Prof. Selvam visited UQ in the past. Prof. Selvam and Prof. Lu already established contact and applied for AISRF funding in the second round.

Mr. Vinod Arora, Vice-President, Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd, Nonporous media for drug delivery.

Dr. Vinay Gupta, University of Delhi Bio-sensors based on nanostructures.

University of Queensland (Prof. Matt Trau) Prof. Atul Kumar Johri, Jawaharlal Nehru University and Professor Daman Saluja, University of Delhi Develop Nanotechnology-based point-of-care diagnostics for infectious diseases which are prevalent in India.

University of Melbourne (Prof. Robert Lamb) Prof. K. Sreenivas, Dr. Vinay Gupta, Dr. Arijit Chowdhuri, University of Delhi Zinc Oxide nanostructure based sensors and understanding surface science of sensor performance.

University of New South Wales (Prof. Michelle Simmons) Prof. Arindam Ghosh, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Sensing atomic scale variations in structural and electronic properties if Silicon based atomically controlled nanostructures. Prof. Ghosh and Prif. Simmons has applied for funding to AISRF program in the second round.

Australian National University (Prof. C. Jagadish, Assoc. Prof. Tim Senden and Prof. Jim Williams) Prof. Ashutosh Sharma, IIT Kanpur Self organization, micro fluidics, rewetting, meso-patterning of surfaces for largescale 3D structure fabrication.

Prof. Arindam Ghosh, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Using of Noise measurements for determining structural and electronic properties of Nanowires and phase transformations in silicon by nanoindentation.

23 Prof. Subhasis Ghosh, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi Optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots

Prof. V. Ramagopala Rao, IIT Bombay, Mumbai Nanoscale electronic devices for bio-sensor applications

Indian Scientists looking for Australian partners for Collaboration Prof. C. Raman Suri, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh Biofunctionalization of Au Nanoparticles for immunodiagnostic applications

Overall Symposium was very well organised and hospitality of our Indian hosts has been excellent and well appreciated by all the Australian participants. Visit to India by Australian delegation led to appreciation of the research carried out in India in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology and this could lead to stronger interactions between researchers of both countries in this field including exchange of students and staff. Due to this visit, new proposal in the field of nanotechnology will be submitted to AISRF program.

Fig 2. Australian delegation (Prof. Max Lu had to leave early, hence was not present at the cultural evening) with Indian Classical Dance Troupe organised as part of the Conference Social Program

Fig.3 Australian Delegation at Taj Mahal after the Symposium organised by Indian Hosts

Acknowledgements

Funding from International Science Linkages Program of Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks are due to Mr. Justin Whithers, Mr. Jason Finley, and Ms. Eavan O’Brien of DIISR for their help with various matters related to this workshop. Prof. John Webb, Dr. Shweta Dutt of Australian High Commission in New Delhi are acknowledged for their assistance with the workshop. Prof. K. Sreenivas and Dr. Vinay Gupta of University of Delhi and all the members of the organising committee are gratefully acknowledged for their hospitality and excellent arrangements. 24 LONG TERM VISITS

ARCNN supports the nanotechnology community by making funding support available to postgraduate students and early career researchers (within 5 years of award of PhD degree) for travel and accommodation expenses associated with Long Term Visits to research Institutions within Australia. Up to $2,000 are provided for a maximum of three months for travel and accommodation to a location(s) within Australia.

Miss Brianna Thompson (Intelligent Polymers Research Institute) – visit to the Bionic Ear Institute, Melbourne ARCNN Short Term Visit Funding Report (April-June 2007)

Recipient: Brianna Thompson Institution: Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong Host Institute: Bionic Ear Institute/Dept. Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne Dates: 29th April 2007 – 29th June 2007 My visit to the Bionic Ear Institute was commenced on the 29th April, 2007, and finished on the 29th June, 2007. My time in Melbourne was a fantastic opportunity, allowing me to gain experience in working with animals as well as many cell and molecular biology techniques. The skills and techniques learned will be transferred to my colleagues at the University of Wollongong Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, and will be applied for characterisation of other nanomaterials developed in the group. The work carried out during the visit was also very worthwhile, as described below.

Some of the fantastic staff at the Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital who assisted me The project The work undertaken during the visit focused on topics relevant to the development of new materials to be used for the Bionic Ear. In particular, one structure under development, as shown below, which is a composite of carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers. The rationale behind development of this structure is to develop new functional electrode materials for the cochlear implant, which could allow more intimate contact between the implant and the neurons which the electrode stimulates. PPy/nerve growth factor for controlled release Aligned CNT forest for high surface area and penetration of tissue covering nerves Binder/conductor for mechanical stability and electrical connection of CNT Figure 1 – Structure of proposed composite material for advanced cochlear implant electrode forest 25

During the visit to the Bionic Ear Institute, work focussed on the top layer of this structure – assessing the compatibility and effectiveness of using polypyrrole (PPy) materials as substrates for the controlled release of nerve growth factors. In the nanocomposite electrode, this layer could release the growth factors onto or near the auditory nerves to promote their survival and possibly even growth, where they would normally die away from the cochlea. Two specific nerve growth factors were targeted – neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as both are known to enhance auditory nerve survival.

Compatibility of polypyrrole grown with several dopants was assessed using auditory neurons dissected from rat pups, as well as determining how NT-3 released from these substrates by electrical stimulation could enhance the neuron growth. Also using the auditory nerve explants, the effects of releasing both NT-3 and BDNF simultaneously was compared to release of NT-3 alone. In addition to this work with rat auditory neuron cultures, animal work was completed, coating conventional cochlear electrodes with PPy/NT-3 (with radio-labelled NT-3 to trace release in the animal), implanting them into guinea pigs, and using electrical stimulation to release the nerve growth factor.

Results

A summary of the major findings of the studies is presented below. Firstly, compatibility of materials is summarised in Figure 2. This shows number of neurites extended by each nerve tissue explant (a measure of nerve survival/growth) for several formulations of PPy/NT-3, either unstimulated, or stimulated to release NT-3. Data clearly indicated the nerve survival was best on one particular formulation (PPy/pTS), and further investigation suggests this is due to better nerve growth survival on the pTS-doped polymer, not necessarily release characteristics of the polymer.

45 40 unstim 35 stim 30 25 20 15 10 5 No neurites per explant 0

-3 -3 -3 T T T N N N NT-3 NT-3 S/NT-3 A/ S/ SS/ H C MA y/pTS/ Py/ Py/P P PPy/ PP PPy/DBS/ P PPy/P Figure 2 – Auditory nerve explant survival on PPy formulations with NT-3 incorporated (and released with electrical stimulation)

As it was established the PPy/pTS was the best formulation to use for auditory nerve explant growth, it was used to observe effects of using release of both BDNF and NT-3 from PPy films. 26 It was expected that release of both neurotrophins would enhance nerve survival and growth significantly compared to release of either neurotrophin alone, as the action of the nerve growth factors is synergistic. Figure 3 shows that the experimental data confirmed expectations, with a large increase seen with both neurotrophins released from PPy/pTS films. 120

unstim 100 stim

No neurites per explant 20

0 PPy/pTS PPy/pTS/NT-3 PPy/pTS/NT-3/BDNF

Figure 3 – Auditory nerve explant survival is greatly enhanced with release of both BDNF and NT-3 from PPy/pTS by electrical stimulation

The final piece of work has not yet been fully analysed – the implantation of PPy/pTS/NT-3I125 to trace release of NT-3 in a guinea pig cochlea, and look at effects of released NT-3 on auditory nerve survival. The animal experimental period was 4-5 weeks, and 2 weeks of subsequent processing was required to prepare the tissues for application of a radiation-sensitive coating, which remains on the tissue for 1-3 months. As such, several groups of data have not yet been analysed for radioactive tracing of NT-3, and results will not be presented. However, the analysis of nerve regeneration has been completed, and the results are shown in Figure 4. The average number of nerves was higher in the left cochlear (which had been implanted with PPy/NT-3 – “125I stim L”) than any other cochlear observed (including untreated right cochleas, and implanted, unstimulated left cochleas “125I NT3 L”).

Dr. Rachael Richardson trained me in During my time at RVEEH, I assisted in many dissection, cell culture and microscopy several animal procedures. techniques.

27 Nerve count

Figure 4 – Release of NT-3 by electrical stimulation in vivo increases number of auditory nerve cells near cochlear In addition to the work described above, initial work on characterisation of compatibility of some of the other materials involved in the nanocomposite was started during my visit. Initial studies suggest that none of the binder or aligned CNT materials tested significantly impeded nerve survival, and further studies were warranted.

Additional work

In addition to three months of laboratory work, two presentations were given at the host institution. Both were on the theme of the nanocomposite materials that have been planned, and introducing concepts of nanomaterials to biology researchers. Other work less relevant to the project also completed in Melbourne has not been described here. I also visited another collaborating lab – Monash University – for a laboratory tour during the three month visit.

Throughout the visit, I learned a lot of new skills and techniques, as well as analysis skills, as well as getting some excellent data for my own PhD thesis. These skills have started to be disseminated throughout my home research institute – the Intelligent Polymer Research Institute at the University of Wollongong. In addition to new skills, and data to contribute to 3-4 papers to be published, I have met a lot of wonderful scientists and made contacts that I anticipate will help my research career both in the short term, and well into my future career.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thanks and acknowledge the ARCNN for giving me the opportunity to visit the Bionic Ear Institute labs and further my knowledge and skills in biological testing of nanocomposite materials. I would also like to thank Gordon Wallace and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science for providing additional funding for the visit. Additionally, I wish to acknowledge Dr. Rachael Richardson and all of the helpful and friendly staff at the BEI/Dept Otolaryngology labs at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, who provided not only assistance and advice, but also friendship and a fantastic working environment throughout my trip.

28 Ms Massey De Los Reyes (Ian Wark Institute) - visit to the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)

ARCNN Long Term Visit Report

Project based on the synthesis and characterisation of surface functionalised mesoporous materials. Subsidies from the ARCNN provided money for travel, accommodation and flights.

Funding and travel was undertaken on the 1st of May to the 31st of October 2007 from the Ian Wark Research Institute (IWRI, South Australia) to the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO, New South Wales). The aim of the 6 month stay was to instigate a solid collaboration with the functional materials group, gain knowledge in this specific field of chemistry, a ‘hands-on’ experience of handling nano sized materials and make optimal use of ANSTO facilities that are not offered at the University.

The major crux of the visit resulted in a better grasp at characterisation techniques (Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), N2 Adsorption, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Differential Thermal Analysis-Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA-TGA) and solid- state Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)) needed to assess bonding and structure of these nano-sized functional materials. Attaching functional molecules onto metal oxide surfaces involves a complex series of reversible and irreversible chemical processes. In order for these molecules to bind to the surface, it is critical that either the surface or the ligand be in appropriate (hydroxylated) chemical form to undergo the condensation chemistry necessary for the anchoring process. Functionalisation in this respect was successful. I worked with a conscientious, diligent and hard working team, comprised especially of Dr Victor Luca (group leader), laboratory manager David Cassidy (who gave countless time and effort explaining techniques involved in DTA-TGA and N2 Adsorption), Dr Devlet Sizgek (on her expertise in synthesising these materials) and of course, my co-supervisor Dr Christopher Griffith (of whom I would like to call an encyclopaedia of scientific knowledge!). The stay also proved positive experimentally as new protocols and methods were established, most importantly in regards to the chemical/radiolytic stability of these materials and also touching base on its ability to remove radio-complexes from aqueous solutions using a specific phosphonic acid ligand; N- (Phosphonomethyl) iminodiacetic acid; with iminodiacetic acid already proven to remove metal cations from waste waters. Work done at ANSTO with funding from the ARCNN will lead to at least two publications and has already generated a poster, presented at the 2008 ICONN conference.

Overall, this visit has enhanced my experience with new technologies and materials preparation, allowed me to undertake safety training courses in both the laboratory and handling radioactive substances and strengthened creativity skills; providing other angles to think more proactively about the issues of the project.

Mr Dinesh Kumar Venkatachalam (RMIT University) – visit to the Electronic Materials Engineering Department at the Australian National University Mr Venkatachalam will be visiting the Australian National University in January 2008

29 OVERSEAS TRAVEL FELLOWSHIPS Opportunities for Five to six Overseas Travel Fellowships valued at up to $5,000 each are offered every 6 months. This is a mechanism whereby Australian students and early career researchers can visit overseas laboratories to gain new skills and training in this emerging field of research. These fellowships are also offered for attending International Summer Schools of minimum one week duration, or longer. Applications are ranked and Fellowships awarded to the top 5-6 ranked applications.

Dr Dusan Losic (Uni South Australia) – visit to the University of Chicago, USA. Dusan is an Early Career Researcher and his area of research interest is - nanomembranes for molecular separation and biosensing, bioinspired materials and devices ,surface modifications and functionalisations , electrochemical sensors and biosensors, scanning probe microscopy (AFM and STM) The project aims are twofold: to develop a new Si chip based ion-channel platform that consists of planar lipid bilayer membrane supported on highly ordered nano porous alumina membrane,and to characterise physical, conductive, and transport properties including ion- channel activity of fabricated membranes.This platform offers exciting possibilities to be used as a generic method for many physiological and pharmaceutical studies and development of biosensing devices with high selectivity and sensitivity. His application was supported by his supervisor Prof John Ralston and Prof Ratnesh Lal from the University of Chicago.

Report on ARCNN 2007 Travel Fellowship The title of project: Biomimetic bilayer membranes on porous alumina for the study of membrane-active proteins Host Organisation: Prof. Ratnesh Lal, Ph.D. The University of Chicago, Center for Nanomedicine Time of visit: 26 Oct 2007 to 19 Nov 2007 Funding support $ 5000 ARCNN and $ 5000 UniSA/IWRI

Aims and Research Outcomes: The aim of this ARCNN fellowship project is directed toward the development a new membrane biomimetic chip based on an ion-channel platform that consists of artificial planar bilayer membranes on porous alumina (PA) membranes. The particular objectives were fabrication of a novel biomimetic platform of lipid bilayers (LB) on PA, characterisation of their physical, conductive, and transport properties including ion-channel activity. The project was carried out in Prof. Lal’s lab at the University of Chicago, Centre for Nanomedicine, who is a world-leading expert in the field of studying ion-channel membranes using state of art imaging techniques (AFM, conductive and force imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and ion-channelling technique). This visit proposed to extend the existing collaboration with Prof. Lal and build my expertise in this field, which is complementary to my current ARC fellowship project (DP 0770930, Engineered Nanotube membranes for Molecular Separation and Biosensing).

The work accomplished during this project includes: 30 1. The fabrication of (PA) membranes with highly organised pore structures (pore size of 30 nm to 50 nm and inter pore distance of 60 to 100 nm) by etching in two steps, in sulphuric and oxalic acid, and also their characterisation (SEM and AFM). (IWRI)

2. Modification of PA membranes was performed by coating thin film of gold followed by surface functionalisation using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) (mercaptoundecannoic acid, MUA). (IWRI)

3. Assembly of lipid bilayers (LB) on MUA/PA membranes was performed using two approaches: liposomes and assembly from lipid solution. Several LB platforms on PA using different phospholipids were investigated including 1,2- Dioleoyl-3- Trmethylammonium-Propane (DOTAP), 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphothioethanol (DPPTE). (UChicago, with Dr Fernando T. Arce )

4. The last step in chip fabrication includes assembly of LB/PA membranes onto a silicon chip followed by incorporation of protein (sinapsin). (UChicago, with Dr Fernando T. Arce and Dr Srinivasan Ramachandran).

5. Surface imaging of modified LB on PA surface using high resolution AFM in liquid. (UChicago, with Dr Fernando T. Arce)

6. Force imaging and force mapping of modified LB on PA surface by AFM in liquid. (UChicago, with Dr Fernando T. Arce) Image of artificial membranes 7. Ion-channel studies of LB/PA membranes before and after protein incorporation were performed using a high-performance patch-clamp electrochemical system (UChicago, with Dr Srinivasan Ramachandran)

Research outcomes from this work include: 1. Fabrication of highly ordered PA membranes has been proved by SEM and AFM investigation. It was found that two step etching is necessary to fabricate PA with perfect hexagonal array of nanopores. 2. The successful formation of LB layers and covering of pores on modified PA surface was confirmed by high resolution AFM images and force imaging. Both LB preparation techniques showed ability to make LB layers on PA membranes. The high roughness of PA surface is found as the main issue for AFM imaging, but is also likely have a negative impact on the stability of LB structures on PA surface. Therefore, the conclusion about the requirement of PA with smother porous surface is drawn which needs to be addressed in fabrication process of PA membranes. The second finding is that using PA membranes with larger inter pore distances is advantageous in comparison with high density pores used in this study, so the custom made PA with lower pore density is proposed as beneficial.

3. The biomimetic membrane on a chip is fabricated by attaching and gluing a piece of PA membrane over a large hole on the silicon chip (50 µm). This assembly process without 31 of micromanipulation equipment was very difficult and needs to be improved. The optimal design is the direct fabrication of PA on Si chip by evaporation and etching of thin Al film on the top followed by backside etching of silicon which will be used in future work. 4. Preliminary ion channel studies confirmed good resistivity properties of fabricated LB/PA membranes which verify the defect free LB layer of PA. However, results with incorporated protein didn’t prove the formation of protein ion channels, although AFM images showed presence of protein on the surface. However this is a very complex study which requires much more time than I had during this visit. 5. Additional work is in process using membranes with low density pores to prove their stability and ion-channel performance.

The collaboration with Prof Lal and his research group (Dr Fernando T. Arce, and Dr Srinivasan Ramachandran) is continuing. The manuscript from this work is in preparation, target journal Langmuir.

University of Chicago Department of medicine

Dr Jozelito Razal (Uni Wollongong) – visit to the University of Dallas, USA Jozelito is an Early Career Researcher and his ea of research is carbon nanotube synthesis and processing. The primary aim of this visit is to explore possible strategies of interfacing biological molecules into carbon nanotube (CNT) architectures. Specifically, this project intends to gain significant understanding of the dry-spinning process involved in fabricating multifunctional CNT yarns and transparent sheets in order to develop a viable system in incorporating biological entities in the CNT structure. This project anticipates producing and understanding the properties of resulting composite biomaterial with nanoscale characteristics while maintaining the unique electronic and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes. His application was supported by his supervisor Prof Gordon Wallace and by Prof Ray Baughman from the University of Texas in Dallas, USA.

Mr Craig Bell (Uni of Queensland) – visit to the University of Pensylvania, USA Craig is a Postgraduate student and his area of research interest is the field of polymer chemistry, specifically in living radical polymerisation for the formation of novel dendritic structures. These structures will be used in applications such as drug delivery. The purpose of his visit will be to conduct experiments on various monomers (for example, acrylates and methacrylates) using the coordination chemistrydeveloped so far during my PhD studies. The aim is to achieve ultra fast polymerizations and ultra high molecular weight polymers by means of these transition metal (specifically copper) mediated polymerizations via a single electron transfer mechanism. This work will be based around the newly accepted JACS paper that is centred on polymerization of acrylates at room temperature to achieve ultra high molecular weight polymers with well defined molecular weight and narrow polydispersity. Craig Bell was awarded another Grant from the University of Queensland and did not take up the ARCNN Overseas Travel Fellowship. 34 Mrs. Xiaoxia Yin (University of Adelaide) – visit to Reading University and Cambridge University in the U.K. Xiaoxia is a Postgraduate student and her area of interest is Nanotechnology Driven Advances in Terahertz Cancer 3D Computed Tomography The work for this visit will specifically enhance Adelaide’s National T-ray Facility by providing a 3-D tomographic imaging, based on the non-ionizing and coherent detection characteristics of terahertz radiation (T-rays), with an aim to achieve images of developing tumors using novel nanoscale terahertz imaging contrast agents. Her application was supported by her supervisor Prof Derek Abbot and by Dr Sillas Hadjiloucas from the University of Reading.

RE: Progress Report in relation to Ms Xiaoxia (Sunny) Yin stay at Cambridge University This is a report of the work accomplished by Mrs Xiaoxia (Sunny) Yin during my stay at Cambridge University as I conducted research in the summer term of 2007 as part of my ARCNN Fellowship (travel and subsistence visiting Scholarship). The scholarship has provided research training to me while at the same time facilitated collaboration with Professor Lynn Gladden (Department of Chemical Engineering, Cambridge University) and the Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide in the area of signal and imaging processing for THz QCL transient spectroscopy.

During my stay at Cambridge, we had long discussions on wavelet decomposition schemes and the use of an inverse Radon transform algorithm in relation to the imaging processing of THz QCL transients. Issues related to hardware performance of THz QCL imaging as well as to experimental techniques were clarified. The use of wavelet based ramp filtered projection was also discussed and back projection of the filtered sinograms was also considered. The THz QCL imaging system was applied for the measured data in Cambridge. This experimental procedure was important to help me further understand the principle of THz QCL for imaging. As for the specific project regarding THz QCL imaging, we study the local reconstruction of the region-of-interest (ROI) from a 3D terahertz imaging obtained via a quantum cascade laser (QCL). It is an important step in the understanding wavelet based techniques and traditional filtered back projection (FBP) to map terahertz local measurements for deep resolution. The advantage of local reconstruction is the reduction in the measurement time. Difficulties with the limited projection angles and image noise, make the development of accurate algorithms particularly challenging. Segmentation algorithms are applied on the reconstructed images with low contrast. The resultant segments from the local reconstructed images are compared with the the back ground truth to explore the ability of a QCL to image target object, polystyrene, with complex contours (a clown's head with hole inside). The target segments are adjusted via changing the size of the exposure regions, which means the smaller exposure cannot reveal a full reconstructed segment. It is found that 3D local reconstructions of the target (hole) using a QCL take on a number of different shapes since the various contours of the target physically distort the measured optical parameters of the object. Local computed tomography via wavelet is suitable for the image reconstruction in terahertz frequency range with lower image quality, which results in lower

misclassification after s egmentation, compared to traditional FBP algorithms.

35 The outcome of our discussion and practical application of THz QCL imaging for experiments was the submission of a paper to the conference: WORLDCOMP'06 and the journal of “Computer Vision and Image Understanding”. This project accomplished in Cambridge University also consists of one important chapter of my thesis. It is worth noting that as this paper and the respective imaging processing work were rather lengthy, a lot of time was spent on improving it and this has somehow hindered our progress of processing more bio-molecular data as we originally planned. It is also in hope that we will have more cooperation between Adelaide University, Australia, and Cambridge University, UK.

Yours sincerely, Ms Xiaoxia (Sunny) Yin The University of Adelaide, SA

Ms Tara Schiller (Queensland Institute of Technology) – visit to the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), USA Tara is a Postgraduate student and her area of research interest is nanotechnology and biotechnology. PhD title \"Synthesis and characterisation of hybrid gold/polymer nanoparticles for application in bioassays\" The main aim of her project is to synthesise hybrid gold polymer nanoparticles that have been encoded with a molecular barcode that gives rise to a SERS signal.She will coat SERS tagged nanoparticles with polymers with complex architecture so that ligands can be attached for protein microarray work. This is a novel technique that allows the ligand to attach readily to a binding site on the polymer. This work aims to improve on existing nanoparticle coating technologies to produce an improved detection strategy for proteinbioassays. This project will also assess the role of polymer structures in the performance of these hybrid materials in bioassays, and compare and evaluate the performance of thepolymer coated nanoparticles with SiO2 coated nanoparticles. At the end ofher time at UCSB she hope to have a further journal paper ready for submission to J. Amer. Chem. Soc that will detail the results obtained from this visit. Her application was supported by her supervisor A/Prof Peter Fredericks and by Prof Craig Hawker from the University of California in Santa Barbara.

Trip Summary – Tara Louise SCHILLER

The opportunity came about at the end of 2006 to apply for the RACI O’Donnell prize as well as the ARCNN travel fellowship. I was awarded both to return to UCSB for a second extended stay as a visitor of Professor Hawker again (my initial trip was in 2006) as part of my PhD project. My thesis centres around labelling gold nanoparticles with a SERS active tag, encapsulate these particles with a polymer for stabilisation. The polymer coating can then be used for attaching linkers for biomolecules, developing on existing technology.

I visited the Materials Research Laboratory (MRL), University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), where Professor Hawker is the Director. Professor Hawker’s research has focused on the interface between organic and polymer chemistry with emphasis on the design, synthesis, and application of well-defined macromolecular structures in biotechnology, microelectronics and surface science. He holds 25 U.S. Patents, has co-authored over 200 papers in the areas of nanotechnology, materials science and chemistry and is listed as one of the Top 100 most cited chemists worldwide over the last decade (1992-2002). He is currently considered to be among the top two or three polymer chemists in the world. 36

My initial trip to UCSB was set up as a knowledge transfer. I was to learn about polymerization processes and I had to teach the group about SERS and what requirements the nanoparticles needed to meet to ensure we would have a signal from them. This provided me with direction and a better understanding of the polymer behaviour. During my trip in 2007 (funded in part by the ARCNN), I was synthesised a further 4 polymers and a small molecule for attachment to the hybrid gold-polymer nanoparticles that have been made as part of this project. This work was carried out in approximately 7 weeks. I was also able to use various characterisation tools across different departments at UCSB to ensure optimal use of my time there. During my stay I also had the opportunity to work with Professor Martin Moskovits postdoctoral fellows, in particular Dr. SeungJoon Lee. This allowed me the opportunity to fine tune some of my spectral analysis of my nanoparticles and to obtain further thoroughness with both my experimental and analytical skills.

I also had the opportunity to present my work on several occasions at group meetings. This allowed me to be able to discuss with members of both Professor Hawker’s and Professor Moskovits group further ways to improve my research and to use my time optimally during my stay.

This trip has allowed me to further my work such that I will be finished my PhD in the next few months. I am currently finalising the characterisation on the small molecule so that we can publish this work in the near future. I would like to take this opportunity to thank both the ARCNN for their generous funding towards my travels. I believe that I have benefited immensely from this trip and am looking forward to finalising my project and publications before commencing further research pursuits.

A picture of UCSB taken from Inspiration Point

Mr Jingxian Yu (Flinders University) – visit to the University of Cambridge

Jigxian is a Postgraduate student and his area of research interest is Self-assembly of carbon nanotube arrays for silicon-based sensors and nanostructured electrodes Purpose of visit: The aim of the project is to develop a microfluidic bioelectrochemical sensor/biochip by integrating an enzyme (such as glucose oxidase or peroxidase) to an anchored single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) array architecture for practical applications in biotechnology and the wine industry. The project takes advantage of microfluidic and carbon nanotube array electrode technology for electrochemical sensing by bringing researchers together from each of these areas. His application was supported by his supervisor A/Prof Joe Shapter and Dr Adrian Fisher from the University of Cambridge.

REPORT ON THE ARCNN OVERSEAS TRAVEL FELLOWSHIP 2007 MARCH 17, 2008 Introduction and Project Background

In the 2004-05 National Health Survey, 699,600 Australians (3.5% of the population) reported having diabetes. Since diabetics need to keep control of their blood glucose levels to prevent either hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar level), which can lead rapidly to coma and death, or hyperglycaemia (high sugar level), which can lead to long term chronic effects such as kidney damage, blindness, impotence and gangrene, glucose sensing is the extremely important commercially. Diabetics may need to test their blood glucose levels up to twelve times per day in order to keep their blood glucose in a healthy range.

The early sensors tested for ketones in urine, which are indicative of raised blood glucose levels (Prisco, Picardi et al. 2006). Unfortunately the delay in metabolism of glucose to ketone metabolites prevented close monitoring of blood glucose. The big advance in direct measurement of blood glucose came in the late of 1980’s, when the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD) became widely available (Gunasingham, Tan et al. 1990; Jia, Wang et al. 2007). Glucose oxidase oxidises glucose to gluconic acid, in doing so liberates hydrogen peroxide, which can then be electrochemically (Losic, Zhao et al. 2003) and optically (Kim, Baek et al. 2006) detected.

Microfluidic techniques offer a number of technical advantages due their ability to manipulate small volumes (10-9 to 10-18 litres) via channels with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometres (Balagadde, You et al. 2005; Whitesides 2006). Microfluidics is regarded as one of the more promising new disruptive techniques for carrying out ultra-high-throughput chemical analysis. There can be little doubt 38 that microfluidics will be the cornerstone of many analytical devices in the future and hence it is critical that Australian manufacturing have the knowledge and know how to build such devices so Australia is not left behind when diagnostics shift to these forms.

With financial support from the ARCNN Overseas Travel Fellowship (Round 1, 2007), the ARNAM Student Scholarships for Collaborative Research Support (Round 2, 2007), the Flinders University Overseas Traveling Fellowship 2007 (incorporated with AMY Forwood Traveling Award, BankSA Travelling Award, Flinders University Research Committee Supplement) and the Roger Pysden Memorial Fellowship 2007, I arrived at the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge on July 20, 2007, and had a six-month research project on “Integration of Enzyme Immobilised Single-walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) Arrays into Microchannels for Glucose Detection” under the supervision of Dr Adrian Fisher.

2. Research Project Conducted at Cambridge The primary objective of the proposed project was to develop a microfluidic bioelectrochemical biochip by integrating an enzyme/protein to an anchored single- walled carbon nanotube array architecture for electrochemical glucose sensing within these microreactors. Integration of microarrays with microfluidic devices can be highly advantageous in terms of portability, shorter analysis time and lower consumption of expensive analytes. The project took advantage of microfluidic and carbon nanotube array electrode technology for electrochemical sensing by bringing researchers together from each of these areas. Activities undertaken during the visit are outlined as follows.

(1) Microreactor fabrication

The microreactor was designed and constructed using a focused electron or ion beam lithography that Dr. Fisher's group had successfully employed for prototype device development on a range of substrates, such as semiconductors, polymers and FOTURAN glass (Wain, Compton et al. 2006; Wain, Compton et al. 2007). This approach allowed us to create flow through cells of optimal sensor configurations, with critical dimensions in the range, height: 10-50 μm, width: 40-200 μm and length: 500+ μm. A cover plate housing the electrodes (typically evaporated gold) was sealed on top of the duct and solution introduced via capillary inlets, in an analogous manner to previously developed devices (Yunus, Marks et al. 2002). Compared to the traditional larger scale technologies, the microfabrication approach offers many potential advantages, such as

39 • A vast range of optimised experimental geometries can be rapidly fabricated and tested; • The minute mixing and reaction chambers offer significant improvements in analysis times and the sample volumes required; • Wide ranges of sensor applications are possible (eg biochemical, electroanalytical chemistry, modified electrodes, etc).

(2) Computer aided design

The electrochemical responses were modelled using similar strategies to those developed by Dr. Fisher’s group (Henley, Fisher et al. 2005; Sullivan, Johns et al. 2005; Matthews, Du et al. 2006). We employed simulations that exploited a mesh of triangular elements with a linear interpolation polynomial to approximate the variation of the concentration across each element. In these simulations finite element based codes were used in order to

• Predict the fluid flow properties within candidate reactor designs; • Calculate the chemical reactant/intermediate/product distribution within the cells; a vast range of optimised experimental geometries can be rapidly fabricated and tested; • Extract kinetic/mechanistic parameters for processes of interest; • Act as a computer aided design tool for the optimisation of candidate sensor configurations.

The time dependent concentration variation of the chemical species within the cells was calculated. The simulations were performed in two stages. First the velocity profiles within the devices were calculated by solution of the appropriate form of the Navier-Stokes equations, in an analogous manner to those applied to larger scale flow through electrochemical devices. A weighted residual method was used to formulate the system equations required, in an analogous manner to those employed previously by the group for fluid dynamic problems. Solution of the system equations generated was achieved using standard matrix routines. The second stage of the simulations used the velocity profiles generated from the fluid dynamic calculations with a code employed to tackle the time dependent coupled convection-diffusion-reaction transport problems.

(3) Bioelectrochemical Processing and Analysis

By taking advantage of our established approach in Dr. Fisher’s group, glucose oxidase and peroxidase were used as model enzymes and immobilised onto a vertically-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube array directly anchored to a

40 substrate (such as silicon or gold). The applications of microfluidic device based bioelectrochemical sensor for quantitative determination of glucose were demonstrated.

3. Significance of the Fellowship Relates to My Knowledge and Skills Development

(1) I have successfully demonstrated a new approach for the attachment of vertically-aligned shortened carbon nanotube architectures to silicon by chemical anchoring, providing a new and simple avenue for fabrication and development of silicon-based nanoelectronic, nano-optoelectronic and sensing devices (Yu, Shapter et al. 2007). This research visit to Cambridge University has advanced this work by developing microfluidic chips/devices with integrated enzyme immobilised SWCNT array architecture. The practical applications of such devices could lead to commercial ventures.

(2) The collaborating project has enabled me to learn and perform high throughput screening applications, which, in one potential application, would be very useful for the identification of potential new drugs for the pharmaceutical sector.

(3) The visit has provided me opportunity to learn micro/nanofabrication techniques for the microfluidic devices, electrochemical cell & electrode, and required operating procedures. The electrochemical sensing applications have broadened my knowledge of fluid dynamics, mass transport and voltammetry under microfluidic control. More importantly, the opportunity to collaborate with Dr. Fisher’s group at Cambridge has significantly impacted the quality of the PhD thesis, which I intend to submit in 2008.

4. Significance of the Fellowship Relates to My Career Development

(1) Visiting one of the finest universities in the world has provided me with an opportunity to network with many academic staff and research students who are experts in their fields. This will enhance my career development greatly.

(2) This visit has established an international collaboration. Dr Adrian C Fisher is proposing to visit the Flinders University and will deliver a seminar at the School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences this year. He will also discuss the collaboration possibilities with my supervisor Dr Joe Shapter and academics at Flinders University.

41 (3) Most importantly, based on the research outcomes gained through the Fellowship, I submitted an ARC postdoctoral fellowship application in March.

5. Significant outcomes from the visiting research

One chapter in my PhD thesis is based on the work at Cambridge One high-impact journal paper which is in preparation One seminar which was presented at the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge in 2007 One fully refereed proceeding paper which is reviewed through ICONN 2008 organising committee and will be published by the IEEE press Three conference presentations, which were presented at the 58th ISE annual meeting (Banff, Canada, 2007), CNT@Cambridge 2007 (Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2007) and ICONN 2008 (Melbourne, Australia, 2008). One ARC Australian Postdoctoral Fellowship application which was submitted in March, 2008

The financial support I received included the ARCNN Overseas Travel Fellowship, the ARNAM Student Scholarships for Collaborative Research Support, the Flinders University Overseas Traveling Fellowship 2007 and the Roger Pysden Memorial Fellowship 2007. The awarded fellowships almost balanced all of my expenses in the UK.

Mr Tor Kit Goh (Melbourne Uni) – visit to Nagoya University, Japan

Tor Kit is a post grad student and his area of interest is Nanotechnology, polymer chemistry, living radical polymerization (ATRP), conventional free-radical polymerization, macromolecular architecture, nanocomposites, and rheology and polymer dynamics Purpose of visit: Molecular-level control of polymerizing processes for the development of important nanotechnologies To obtain knowledge on a new polymerization technique (stereospecific living radical polymerization (SLRP)) that allows facile synthesis of polymers with specific tacticity. To investigate the nano-scale interactions of these polymers that lead to self-assembly, helix formation via stereocomplexation, recognition of protein and polymer motifs, recognition of chiral molecules, and other important processes. His application was supported by his supervisor Assoc Prof Greg Ziao and by Professor Masami Kamugaito from Nagoya University.

At the time of writing this report Mr Tor Kit Goh is visiting Nagoya University.

42 Miss Hannah Joyce (ANU) – visit to the University of Cincinnati (USA) Miss Hannah Joyce is a post graduate student and her area of interest is working with the Semiconductor Optoelectronics and Nanotechnology Group at the Australian National University (ANU), under the supervision of Professor C. Jagadish and Dr. H. H. Tan. Her project aims to develop III-V semiconductor nanowires and nanowire heterostructures for use as nano- components of optoelectronic devices, such as lasers and photodetectors. The project involves the fabrication of nanowire structures by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), and the characterisation of these nanowires by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL) and micro-photoluminescence (micro-PL). The major purpose is to visit The Nanomaterials Group, led by Professor Leigh M. Smith who works extensively on the electronic and optical properties of semiconductor nanostructures, and how these nanostructures can be used to make novel devices. She will perform a series of optical characterisation experiments on III-V semiconductor nanowires and nanowire heterostructures that have been fabricated in our laboratory at ANU. These nanowires include pure binary nanowires such as GaAs and InP nanowires, ternary nanowires such as AlGaAs nanowires, doped nanowires, and nanowires heterostructures such as GaAs/AlGaAs core-multishell and GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice nanowires incorporating quantum wells. Her application was supported by Professor Jagadish from the Australian National University and by Professor Leigh Smith from the University of Cincinnati.

Outcomes of Overseas Travel Fellowship Hannah J. Joyce Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering The Australian National University

I am a PhD student working with the Semiconductor Optoelectronics and Nanotechnology Group at the Australian National University (ANU), under the supervision of Professor C. Jagadish and Dr. H. H. Tan. My project aims to develop III-V semiconductor nanowires and nanowire heterostructures for use as nano-components of optoelectronic devices, such as lasers and photodetectors. I visited Nanomaterials Group laboratory of Prof. Leigh M. Smith, Prof. Howard E. Jackson and Prof. Jan M. Yarrison-Rice at the University of Cincinnati (UC) in Ohio, USA. Since 2005, the Nanomaterials Group and our group at ANU have been involved in an extensive and very productive research collaboration.

In this joint research effort, our group at ANU fabricates (grows) III-V nanowires by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), and performs electron microscopy studies and preliminary photoluminescence (PL) studies. The Nanomaterials group at UC then performs further optical studies using several advanced optical characterization systems that have been designed specifically for the characterisation of nanoscale materials, such as the nanowires fabricated at ANU. These optical characterisation systems enable a range of detailed studies of individual nanowires, at temperatures ranging from 4 K to room temperature. These include time resolved PL studies, resonantly excited PL studies, studies of polarisation dependent PL excitation and emission, and resonant Raman scattering studies. These optical techniques are a convenient, contact free means of determining nanowire properties. These experiments yield important information on the dynamics and relaxation behaviour of photoexcited carriers (electrons and holes) in our nanowire samples. This information is crucial for the design and

43 optimisation of these nanowires and nanowire heterostructures, and ultimately the success of nanowire-based optoelectronic devices.

Prior to the visit, I grew a series of GaAs nanowire samples to study (i) the effects of growth temperature and precursor flow (ii) nanowire doping with Si, Zn and C (iii) the effects of passivation with an AlGaAs shell and AlGaAs shell composition (iv) quantum confinement effects within axial quantum wells of GaAs/AlGaAs nanowire superlattices and (v) quantum confinement within GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well shells.

At UC, I spent many days and late nights in the lab obtaining results whilst ably assisted by UC PhD students Thang Hoang, Melodie Fickenscher and Saranga Perera. We made several interesting and important findings. Firstly, time-resolved PL studies revealed a long exciton lifetime in GaAs nanowires grown at low temperature. This indicates that these low-temperature grown nanowires have very high optical quality and should find further applications in optoelectronic devices. Second, we found that intrinsic carbon doping decreases with increasing arsine precursor flow rate and decreasing temperature, which indicates that highly pure material can be obtained using high arsine flow rate and low temperature. Also, we obtained some intriguing results from GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well shell samples which indicate exciton confinement within quantum well shells. Many of these results will be submitted for publication very shortly.

Under the guidance of the professors and PhD students at UC, I developed valuable experimental skills: performing PL characterise my nanowire samples, learning to analyse and interpret the data, and developing a detailed understanding of the physics of carrier relaxation in semiconductor nanowires. The UC group has great expertise in this area and I gained a much greater understanding of semiconductor optics. Furthermore, I learnt about the design and optimisation of such optical characterisation systems. Having returned to ANU, I’m now applying this knowledge to upgrade and optimise our own laboratory’s existing PL and micro-PL systems. Additionally, I presented a seminar to the UC group. This enhanced their understanding of ANU’s work on nanowire fabrication and characterisation. I believe that my visit strengthened collaboration between our groups, and now we’re in contact on an almost daily basis. It was an extremely productive trip. I worked in a very active and stimulating research environment, obtained substantial experimental data and learnt a great deal. The visit was so productive that I extended the duration of my stay from one month to two months! Additionally, I had a fantastic time, met many wonderful people and made some lifelong friends. It was fun to experience life in mid-West America and participate in Halloween, Thanksgiving and Hannah Joyce with her hosts at the University of Pre-Christmas shopping! I’m extremely Cincinnati grateful to ARCNN for providing me this opportunity, and to my kind, generous and extremely skilled hosts at UC. 44 Mr Matthew Nussio (Flinders Uni) - visit to the University of Barcelona Matthew is a post graduate student and his area of interest is Construction and Characterisation of Biomimetic Membranes for Use in Drug Binding Studies Purpose of Visit: The aim of this project is to construct a physiologically relevant artificial phospholipid membrane and probe the dynamics of its interaction with drug molecules. The construction of these layers will be used as a testing ground to further develop a new high resolution technique based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) which has been recently developed at Flinders University. Currently this approach allows unprecedented examination of membranes and has the ability to probe the dynamics of the membranes. Potential applications will identify mechanisms by which drugs interact with membranes and how these processes are influenced by lipid composition and identifying the structural changes induced by drugs and their potential implications. Collaborator - Professor Fausto Sanz . Activities to be undertaken during proposed visit: (1) Phospholipid bilayer construction and characterization. (2) Calibration of modified AFM probes in support of highly sensitive detection of surface charge. (3)Microscopic Characterisation of Physiologically Relevant Membranes (4)Dynamics of drug interactions His application was supported by his supervisor Assoc Prof Joe Shapter and by Prof Fausto Sanz from the University of Barcelona.

Matthew Nussio is at present in Barcelona

Mr Chee Howe See (Sydney Uni) –visit to the University College, London Chee howe is a post grad student and his area of interest is Large scale carbon nanotube synthesis using fluidised beds – including parametric optimisation, nanotube quality control and study of the growth mechanism. 2. Hydrodynamic behaviour of fluidised beds in reactive systems, time-frequency domain analysis, reactor design. 3. Process control and design integration, scale-up, process intensification to enhance the commercialisation prospects of nanotechnologies. 4. Characterisation techniques including electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis. Purpose of Visit: The high temperature fluidised bed with X-Ray Imaging (XRI) system at University College London (UCL) will be employed to study the hydrodynamic flow behaviour of catalyst and carbon nanotube (CNT) agglomerate particles under typical synthesis conditions. This system is the only one of its type available anywhere in the World, and hence the setup will enable him to quantitatively study in real time, the internal flow pattern of the rapidly changing three-dimensional system (i.e. a fluidised bed producing nanotubes). In addition, the facility will allow the study of particle bed evolution behaviour and provide further insights into the CNT growth mechanism. Dr. Paola Lettieri, an expert on X-Ray Tomography in high temperature fluidised bed systems, has agreed to collaborate on this work.His application was supported by his supervisor Dr Andrew Harris and by Dr Paolo Lettieri from the University College, London.

Mr Chee Howe See will be going to London in April 2008

45 Dr Lynn Dennany (Uni Wollongong) –visit to Dublin City University, Ireland

Lynn is a early career Researcher and her area of interest is Photo-induced electron transport through nanofibres. Elucidate electron transport mechanisms in modified electrodes containing nanostructured environments, thereby understanding the kinetics behind these novel materials and subsequently designing new materials for applications including solar cells, fuel cells and chemical sensors Purpose of visit: The purpose of the visit is the evaluation of interactions between metal centres and the conjugated polymer with nanostructured morphology. This will require training in several techniques including FLIM and SPC by colleagues at the Biomedical Diagnostics Institute. This is particularly relevant in studying the photoinduced electron transfer processes and spectroscopic properties within these nanostructured materials which we are currently developing (including both carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers as well as nanofibres). The many spectroscopic effects, such as quenching and/or enhancements within these materials will be explored, and further experiments are also planned to improve the potential of these novel materials for the suitability within various analytical applications. Her application was supported by her supervisor Prof Gordon Wallace and by Prof Robert Forster from Dublin City University.

ARCNN Funding Report October 2007 – January 2008 Dublin City University (DCU) has been collaborating with the Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI) for many years, in particular with Prof. Robert Forster’s Research Group since 2003. Together we have successfully designed, synthesized and tested functional polymers that have the potential to dramatically increase the sensitivity with which certain key markers of disease, e.g., cardiovascular and cancer, can be detected. During this trip several different investigations were carried out both to continue already established collaborations and to explore other research avenues for further collaboration between the two research groups. I gained valuable experience and the skills and techniques I learned will be transferred to my colleagues at the IPRI in the University of Wollongong and will ultimately be applied to several other research projects developed in the group. Details of Research Project The main focus of this visit was to continue the current collaborative project, and gain valuable experience on several techniques including the confocal FLIM, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, which allowed us to examine the electrochemistry of electronically excited states which complements my current project within the IPRI my current project within the IPRI of examining composites containing a metal centre and a conducting backbone utilising transient Raman microscopy. This was very relevant in the characterisation of novel materials developed in the IPRI and designing new materials in the future. Utilising the FLIM and SPC, (single photon counter), the emissions over the entire composite film of conducting polymer and the nanofibre material were examined, as can be seen in Figure 1. This highlighted the emissions from different positions within the film structure, showing that “hopspots” of emission from the ruthenium metal centre. For the nanofibred material containing the luminescent ruthenium centres, emissions from the ruthenium molecule mirrored the TEM structural images previously obtained for these fibres. Emissions from the conducting backbone and/or the nanofibre were also observed. 46 Ru-Low Mol. Wt. PMAS Ru-High Mol. Wt. PMAS

Figure 1: FLIM images of Ru in thin films containing either LMWT PMAS (right) or HMWT PMAS (left).

1800 8 1600 7.5 7 1400 6.5 6 5.5 1200 5 Ln(Intensity) 4.5 1000 4 3.5 800 0 20406080100 Time ns Intensity (A.U.) Intensity 600

400

200

0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Time (ns)

Composite τ1 ns τ2 ns

2+ [Ru(bpy)2(PVP)10] 240 -

Ru-LMWT PMAS 220 36

Ru-HMWT PMAS 190

Ru-Nafion 210 22

Figure 2: FLIM images of RuLMWT PMAS and subsequent emission decay profiles and τ values for data collected from Figure 1.

For the RuPMAS films, the FLIM images of both the HMWT and LMWT PMAS fractions were as expected, with the LMWT PMAS composite showing greater luminescence as shown below. Depth profiling of these films was also obtained with information on the different emission profiles of the ruthenium at different distances from the electron surface. This may offer insights for determining the optimal film thickness required for subsequent sensor applications or solar cell devices. In addition to this

47 a full quenching study was preformed on both solution and solid phase samples of both RuPMAS samples, together with an absorption profile of each solution to allow for absorption matching. The UV-Vis and emission spectra are shown below in Figure 3. These were in agreement with previous quenching work preformed in Wollongong. The optimal concentrations of ruthenium:polymer backbone can be extracted from this body of research which will be important in any further sensor or solar cell design.

2 The impact of varying the excitation wavelength was also examined, the results correlating with the Absorbance /A.U. Absorbance

60 1

LMWT 50 quenching by

40 0 HMWT data. 200 300 400 500 λ /nm 30

Int Intensity A.U. en 20 sit y 20 A. U. 18

16 10 14 0 12 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 l n m

4 Figure 3: UV-Vis, Emission & lifetime graphs 2

0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 λ nm

1.8 y = 66080x + 0.0022 1.6 R2 = 0.9994 1.4 1.2 y = 27340x - 0.0239 1 2 0.8 R = 0.9924 ln(I0/I) 0.6 0.4 0.2 y = 11205x + 0.0124 0 R2 = 0.9905 0.0E+00 5.0E-06 1.0E-05 1.5E-05 2.0E-05 2.5E-05 3.0E-05 [HMWT PMAS]

In an effort to confirm the presence of the Ru 3+ species within the RuPMAS composite that was hypothesised after examining the ESR data obtained in UoW, bulk electrolysis of the composite films was preformed. The resultant spectra relieved the presence of the Ru 3+ absorption band emerging while the sample was under photoirradiation. In conjunction with the ESR data, this does confirm a photo-driven electron transfer process between the ruthenium metal centre and the conducting polymer backbone. This body of work in combination with the ESR investigations preformed in UoW is described in a paper, which once corrected will be submitted for publication. To complement this research, a potential controlled experiment was preformed, although the data has yet to be completely analysed and plotted. The potential control was also utilised to examine the electron transfer mechanisms involved in the generation of ECL, which is a continuing collaborative research project between the two Centres of Excellence. To obtain a more in depth understanding of these mechanisms, Raman spectroscopy was also utilised and by combining both these techniques a complete picture will hopefully be obtained. This investigation will hopefully be submitted for publication referencing previous work on these composite films acknowledging funding support from the ARCNN and ARC. Unfortunately, only the overall excited state lifetimes could be determined and as such both the SPC and FLIM analysis of these films were comparable within experimental error. The investigation into these films, did show some quenching of the emission, as stated above. However, the lifetime quenching could not be determined for the solid-state samples. During this trip, the imaging and spectroscopic characterisation of polyaniline (Pani) nanofibres was studied. The fluorescent imaging utilising the FLIM closely related back to the TEM images obtained during the synthesis of these fibres. The spectroscopic analysis didn’t reveal anything unusual from the fibres and closely resembled that of Pani films, with similar UV-Vis and luminescent properties. This was also true of the polypyrrole nanofibres. Despite this the polypyrrole nanofibres are currently undergoing preliminary investigations, preformed with Karl Crowley and Aoife Morrin from Malcolm Symth’s research group, to evaluate their possible use within a chemical sensor. With the Ru-Pani and Pani nanofibres a potential controlled investigation was also completed. This did not prove successful. The Pani component of both types of nanofibre was electrochemically active over the potential range, -200 to 600 mV, however, above this potential the Pani was oxidised and the nanofibre destroyed. Even on initial scans, the degradation to the Pani structure prevented the redox couple of the ruthenium metal centre from being observed. The presence of the ruthenium could only be confirmed spectroscopically. This observation limits the usefulness of the Ru-Pani nanofibre for any electrochemical application. To complete some of the spectroscopic analysis of two separate research projects carried out in UoW, the SPC was utilised to obtain excited state lifetimes of polyazane/Pani solutions and HMWT PMAS solutions in DMSO. The observed lifetimes were in agreement with the earlier spectroscopic data recorded in Wollongong and will be used within any reports or publications of this body of work. Career and Skills Developments During this trip I received excellent training on numerous analytical techniques including the FLIM and SPC. This expertise will be transferred to my colleagues in the IPRI. This training not only incorporated

49 the actual use of these instruments but also the interpretation of the data obtained and as such developed my understanding of several of our conducting polymer systems. I also gained valuable contacts both within the BDI and also with other visitors to DCU and through these contacts, several new avenues of research have been opened. These new areas of research may require further visits and also the possibility of postgraduates and/or postdoctorates visiting the IPRI to complete these projects once initiated. I presented a general overview of the IPRI and my work within the IPRI to the BDI at a research seminar and was also involved in sharing some of my expertise with postdoctorates and postgraduates within the BDI. Therefore, during this trip I greatly increased my own scientific knowledge base as well as budgeting and leadership skills through my interaction with the many colleagues I meet on my visit. From this visit I also intend on publishing at least one manuscript based on the work completed and hope to continue this collaboration, be it on this exact project or on others which are start, in part by my visit to Ireland.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the ARCNN for giving me the opportunity to visit the BDI in Dublin City University. This has allowed me to develop my knowledge base and experimental skills. I would also like to thank Prof. Robert Forster and all my colleagues in the BDI who provided not only assistance and advice, but also friendship and a fantastic working environment throughout my visit. And finally, I would like to thank Prof. Gordon Wallace and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterial Science for allowing this trip and providing additional funding

Dr Xiangdong Yao (Uni Queensland) – visit to the University of London (UK). Xiangdong is an early career researcher and his research interest is Functional nanomaterials for clean energy Purpose of visit: This project aims to investigate hydrogenation mechanism of transition-metal (such as Ni, Pd, V, or Ti) catalysed magnesium both experimentally and theroretically. This project will address the following challenges: 1) the difficulty in modeling multi-component systems that involve the synergistic interactions of Mg-X (transition metals)-H; and 2) synthesis of novel Mg nanostructures with different particle (grain) size and well-dispersed the particles from aggregation at nanoscale; and 3) preventing the Mg nanostructures from oxidation. The specific aims of the project are: 1. To develop a modeling approach for general multi-component systems involving the synergistic interactions of Mg-X-H. 2. To synthesize Mg nanostrutures (mixed with and without nano-sized catalyst particles). 3. To understand the hydrogenation mechanism and the nanoscale effect of catalysts on hydrogenation and atomic interactions between H and metals (Mg and catalyst elements). Dr Yao’s application was supported by his supervisor Prof Max Lu and by Prof Xiao Guo from the University of London.

Dr Xiangdong Yao will be visiting the University of London in June 2008.

50 Mr. Michael Fraser (ANU) –visit to Stanford University, USA.

51 Mr. Greg Jolley (ANU) –visit to the Centre for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory – USA.

ARCNN Overseas Travel Fellowship Report

Greg Jolley Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Australian National University

PhD project: Quantum dot infrared photodetectors grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition. Supervisor: H.H.Tan

As part of my PhD studies I am interested in the electron dynamics of quantum dot (QD) structures due to the dependence of quantum dot infrared photodetector performance characteristics on electron relaxation rates. A particularly efficient way of evaluating electron dynamics is to use the ultra fast pump and probe differential transmission spectroscopy technique.

Since Rohit Prasankumar, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico has the expertise and capability to perform such measurements I planned a trip to visit his lab. The ARCNN Overseas Travel Fellowship assisted me in funding a trip to work with Rohit. I was a guest at CINT from April 23rd to May 3rd 2007. During this time I assisted with setting up the equipment and performing a series of measurements on two QD structures.

By being apart of the setting up process and operating equipment I have gained first hand experience and learnt various issues associated with the pump and probe differential transmission technique. From the data collected, I have obtained a better understanding of carrier relaxation in the QD structures that I have been growing at the ANU. I have performed an analysis of this data and I am in the process of drafting a paper for publication. In addition, from my experiences at CINT I am better able to judge the potential value of differential transmission measurements which will greatly assist in the planning of future measurements.

I sincerely thank the ARCNN for providing me the opportunity to gain valuable experience and experimental data from an overseas visit.

52 Mr. Kane O’Donnell (Uni of Newcastle) – visit to the University of Cambridge, UK.

Research Report

Kane O’Donnell

School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences

University of Newcastle

[email protected] August 30, 2007 1 Introduction

There has long been a desire for a spatially-resolved neutral atom scattering technique. Helium atom scattering (HAS) is a well-established surface science technique combining true surface sensitivity with a sub-Angstrom de Broglie wavelength at an energy that is low enough not to perturb even very delicate surface adsorbates. The primary advantage of using such a surface probe for spatially resolved analysis is that the energy and surface sensitivity of a helium beam lends itself well to several contrast mechanisms (geometric, chemical and thermal) simultaneously[2]. For samples with spatially-varying properties that are of interest, for example, metal-semiconductor interfaces or glass blends, a helium atom microscopy technique would be an invaluable surface science technique. Indeed, for delicate but microscopically rough, ultra-thin or insulating surfaces, helium atom microscopy may prove to be the ideal technique where traditional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or scanning probe microscopy (SPM) cannot be used. The scanning helium microscope (SHeM) at the Cavendish laboratory is intended to be the first such device and is nearing completion as of the end of the Fellowship receipient’s research visit. Like most other ‘optical’ (as opposed to scanning probe) microscopy techniques, a helium atom microscope consists of four elements -a source, a sample, focussing/defocussing optics, and a detector. The two possible configurations for these components are illustrated schematically in Figures 1 and 2. The source for the helium atom microscope consists of a skimmed, supersonic free jet helium source of a similar kind as used in a standard helium atom scattering apparatus. The SHeM, in particular, uses a source with a 10 micron nozzle that can be cooled to cryogenic temperatures, allowing the beam energy to be controlled. The supersonic free jet produced by expanding high pressure ( 100 Bar) helium through such a small nozzle is skimmed with a 2-50 micron skimmer to produce a beam with an energy variation of the order of 2%, a reasonably monochromatic beam. The optical brightness of such a beam is comparable to the brightness of the electron source in an SEM[2]. In a scanning configuration the skimmer is made as small as possible to reduce the optical source size and hence the spot size on the sample, whereas in the imaging configuration broad sample illumination is desirable and hence a larger skimmer is used. As mentioned in Figures 1 and 2, the focussing element for the SHeM consists of a 50 micron thick single-crystal silicon wafer bent to an ellipsoidal section electrostatically using a parallel-plate capacitor configuration. The macroscopic profile of the mirror is 53 made as optically perfect as possible using high-precision machining and a multiple- element design that allows Figure 1: The scanning or microprobe configuration of a helium atom microscope, analogous to the configuration of a scanning electron microscope.

Figure 2: The imaging or microdetector configuration of a helium atom microscope, analogous to the configuration of a standard optical microscope. for electrostatic aberration correction. On a microscopic level the surface is etched flat using a wet-etch technique that leaves the surface hydrogen-terminated and hence quite resistant to contamination as well as having a good helium reflectivity (typically around 3%). Helium focusing from single-crystal silicon was demonstrated for the first time by Allison and Holst [1] but a full characterization of the multiple-element, passivated silicon mirror has yet to be done. The current configuration for the SHeM has a 5:1 distance ratio between source-mirror and mirror-sample, hence a 50 micron skimmer will allow for a spot size of 10 microns and a 2 micron skimmer giving a spot size of just 400nm, more 54 than 500x smaller than the spot reported in [1]. The work done by the author in configuring the SHeM for mirror testing is described in the Results section. A long-standing issue surrounding helium microscopy has been that of detection. The usual method of detecting neutral atoms is to first ionize them before counting the resulting ions. Helium, however, has the highest ionization energy of any atom, making methods like thermal ionization impossible and laser ionization impractical. Electron impact ionization, the usual method, is highly inefficient, a problem exacerbated by the small impact cross section of helium. Furthermore, it is not a spatially resolved technique obtaining useful count rates requires a large ionization volume, making both temporally and spatially resolved detection impractical. Field ionization, a process where a very high electric field is used to ionize gas atoms by quantum tunneling, has been repeatedly proposed as a viable alternative for neutral atom detection generally[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. The advantages of field ionization are numerous. The physical shape of a field ionization ‘site’ inevitably consists of a small sharp protrusion or ‘tip’, leading to inherently high spatial resolution whilst at the same time the ionization probability within the ionization volume is effectively 100% even for helium, for a suitably high field. Ionization occurs over the time scale it takes for a gas atom to travel a few Angstroms in space, a very short time, leading similarly to an inherently high temporal resolution. The energy distribution of the emitted ions is very small (typically around 0.5 eV[9, 10]), minimizing chromatic aberrations in subsequent ion optics and allowing for very precise mass resolution if required. Finally, field ionization is a soft ionization technique that tends not to break up large molecules, and there are no hot filaments to contribute to carbon contamination in an ultra-high vacuum system. On the other hand, however, field ionization requires specialized geometries, highly resilient materials and extremely high electric fields (and hence high operating voltages). A single ionization ‘tip’ is reasonably easy to produce using electrochemical etching of say, a piece of tungsten wire, in the same way that STM tips are produced. However, a single tip by itself is not particularly useful for most applications owing to the small size of the ionization volume around a single tip. In addition, very few materials are able to withstand the high fields required for efficient field ionization of helium -most undergo field evaporation, leading to rapid device degradation. It is for these reasons that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are of interest in this research context. CVD allows for massively multiparallel array growth of vertically-aligned nanotubes. Under the right circumstances, each individual nanotube of the array can act as a field ionization tip. Hence, the effect ionization area is made many orders of magnitude larger. In addition, closed-end carbon nanotubes are expected theoretically to have a far higher resistance to field evaporation at high electric fields than even tungsten, making it possible to increase the ionization efficiency of each tip to near unity. There are, however, a great many variables in the geometry of the array -the nanotube length, diameter, purity and the density of the array can all be controlled by varying the catalyst and growth parameters. Calculations to determine the ideal set of array parameters for a field ionization detector have not be previously reported and were performed during the term of the Fellowship. Some initial results are presented in the Results section, the full analysis expected to contribute a chapter of the author’s thesis.

2 Results

55 2.1 Groundwork for Helium Atom Focussing The Cavendish scanning helium microscope (SHeM) consists of four components as previously illustrated in Figure 1. At the beginning of the Fellowship research the SHeM was configured with just the detector in series with the beam source, for skimmer/beam characterisation. The configuration for atom focussing experiments requires the insertion of the mirror stage shown in Figure 3. The author was responsible for the construction and assembly of a large section of the mirror stage, as well as the fabrication, assembly and computerization of the 4-axis manipulator used to control the mirror motion, and the insertion of the mirror stage generally. Along with a scanning aperture stage inserted between the detector and mirror, the configuration assembled by the author will allow the mirrors themselves to be characterised both in terms of reflectivity and focussing power. The final configuration is shown in Figure 4, where the 4-axis manipulator has been installed and motorised.

Figure 3: Mirror stage for the SHeM with the manipulator removed.

Figure 4: Mirror stage for the SHeM with the manipulator, detector and scanning aperture installed. 56

Figure 5: One of the four hinge plates on the mirror manipulator. The design is modular so that a single hinge plate model works in all eight positions across the skimmer and mirror manipulators.

In addition to hardware assembly, a suite of control software was developed to control both the skimmer and mirror manipulators and the scanning aperture. The manipulators, developed by Dr Robert Bacon during his PhD, are based on two pairs of two-axis hinge plates that use flexure hinges to allow rotational motion about two axes per hinge plate. The use of flexure hinges eliminates backlash and allows for very precise and reproducible positining within a few microns, an essential feature for both the skimmer and mirror in the microscope. A hinge plate with associated flexure hinges is shown in Figure 5. Since the manipulator is based on hinges, the natural motion is that of rotations about the four axes available. However, the experimental motion typically consists of translation with some additional rotational positioning, where the coordinates are specified relative to the beamline axis. The developed software allows adjustment and positioning in both sets of coordinate systems, with automatic scanning along specified axes for both the skimmer and mirror manipulators.

Figure 6: A wireframe model of the nanotube geometry modeled using Lorentz3D.

57 2.2 Nanotube Array Field Calculations The package Lorentz3D was used to solve a variety of nanotube electrostatics problems. Lorentz3D is a combined electromagnetics and trajectory modelling package that can be used to solve electrostatic and electromagnetic problems in 3D using the boundary element method (BEM). The boundary element method allows for accurate microscopic field solutions even when the boundary conditions are macroscopic, allowing the electric fields near a nanotube to be calculated whilst taking into account the effects of the much larger substrate and counter-electrode. The principle model used for the work is illustrated in Figure 6. A 1 micron long nanotube with a radius of 25 nm was placed at the centre of a rectangular plane section of varying size. Four ‘walls’ imposing periodic boundary conditions simulate an infinite array of nanotubes, the nanotube density is thus controlled by the plane section size. The plane section and the nanotube were raised to 100 V, whilst a grounded counter electrode formed the other end cap of the closed cell. Simulations were then run to determine the electric field at the tip of the nanotube where the field ionization is expected to occur. Both the nanotube density and electrode/counter-electrode spacing were varied.

Figure 7: Approximate variation of nanotube tip electric field with counter-electrode distance. For a fixed nanotube density, the nanotube tip field varies with counter-electrode spacing as illustrated in Figure 7. As can be seen the function peaks at a value that is typically between 100-300 microns depending on the nanotube density. The existence of a peak was unexpected as previously it has been assumed that the tiny nanotube tip size makes all other surrounding macroscopic geometry irrelevant. The result may explain why the field emission performance of nanotube arrays is far less than what would be expected if the array simply multiplied the field emission performance of a single isolated nanotube. In general, it appears that the less dense the array, the higher the peak field, whereas the counter electrode spacing has a narrow range of values over which the field is far higher than the applied field between the substrate and the counter-electrode. For field ionization applications this range is critical as the fields required for field ionization are very large, of the order of 10 GV/m, and achieving such fields with practical voltages can only be done with maximum geometric field enhancement.

3 Outcomes

It is intended that two scientific papers be written as a direct result of the author’s work. The 58 nanotube field modeling work requires further data analysis but shows unexpected and important results for nanotube array applications and it is expected that the author and Dr Andrew Jardine of the Cavendish Laboratory will collaborate on a paper on the subject. The 4-axis manipulators used for the skimmer and mirror of the SHeM are unique and it is again intended that Dr Robert Bacon and the author will collaborate on a scientific instruments paper. In addition, it is likely that the focussing of helium atoms using the SHeM system will lead to publications involving the author. In addition to scientific publications, it is intended that some of the author’s work will be presented at various conferences, the first being the AINSE Nuclear and Complementary Analysis Congress in November 2007. The work will also be used to form at least one chapter of the author’s PhD thesis.

4 Acknowledgments

The author would like to acknowledge the guidance of Dr William Allison and Dr Andrew Jardine of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, and Dr Donald MacLaren of Glasgow University. Additional funding from the School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, is also gratefully acknowledged.

References

[1] Bodil Holst and William Allison. An atom-focussing mirror. Nature, 390:244, Jan 1997.

[2] Donald A. MacLaren, Bodil Holst, David J. Riley, and William Allison. Focusing elements and design considerations for a scanning helium microscope (shem). Surface Review and Letters, 10(2/3):249–255, Jun 2003.

[3] J W McWane and D E Oates. Field ionizers as molecular beam detectors. The Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments, 45:1145–1148, 1974.

[4] R O Woods and J B Fenn. Field ionization gauge for molecular beam detection. The Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments, 37:917–918, 1966.

[5] W D Johnston and J G King. Field ionization detectors for molecular beams. The Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments, 37:475–476, 1966.

[6] R. B. Doak. The assessment of ﬁeld ionization detectors for molecular beam use. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 16:S2863–S2878, Jul 2004.

[7] R. B. Doak, Y. Ekinci, Bodil Holst, J. Peter Toennies, T. Al-Kassab, and A. Heinrich. Field ionization detection of supersonic molecular beams. Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments, 75(2):405–414, Jan 2004. [8] David J. Riley, Mark Mann, Donald A. MacLaren, Paul C. Dastoor, and William Allison. Helium detection via ﬁeld ionization from carbon nanotubes. Nano Letters, 3(10):1455–1458, Jan 2003.

[9] T Tsong. Atom-Probe Field Ion Microscopy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.

[10] M K Miller. Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996.

59 YOUNG NANOTECHNOLOGY AMBASSADOR AWARDS

The Young Nanotechnology Ambassador Awards were set up to promote science and science education in state and territory schools. Two awards are provided per state/territory and each award is valued up to $2000.

The young nanotechnology ambassadors are required to visit a minimum of four schools (preferably at least one regional school) to inspire students about nanotechnology, and more broadly science education. It is up to the ambassadors to decide which schools they visit and to arrange these visits with the schools. The ambassadors are encouraged to present a talk which could include visual demonstrations or simple experiments, slide shows or other multimedia presentations.

The following are the Young Nanoscience Ambassadors for 2007

• New South Wales

Mr. Kenneth Wong (University of New South Wales)

1. What school’s did you visit? What ages were the students you spoke with and how many students do you think saw your presentation? Sydney Tech high school, Hurstville public high and primary, St Mary's Star of the Sea Primary, average class about 20-30 students. High school age was about 15, primary about 11 years of age.

2. Give an estimate of the number of total kilometers you travelled when visiting schools. 2-3 km.

3. What was the topic of your presentation? And how did you go about structuring your presentation? Were there any demonstrations or hands-on activities used? Topic was what is nanotechnology, what is real what is not and why is it important. Provided some samples from university that has potential applications to real products, coatings, particles etc. Had some videos showing what nanotechnology is to give students a better grasp how nanotech was originated and what it is. The videos were chosen flow with the presentation topic. There was demonstrations of biosensors, superhydrophobic coatings, and magnetic nanoparticles.

4. What worked well in your presentation? Multimedia - pictures and videos, less words. Stimulated the student’s imagination more than me just talking from dot points on PowerPoint. The videos did best with making them more imaginative/creative, which also helped alot with making them ask more questions.

5. Was there anything that didn’t work well with the school students? And are there any lessons you learnt that might be helpful for the next you talk to school students or the general public about science? Just don't get too technical, keep it simple with lots of pictures. They don't understand alot of the terms. More real world examples from univeristy. There was a whole rush a of students once i said i had something to show, and if you tell them that before the start of the presentation then 60 keep referring back to the exmaples you will show later, they pay a lot of attention. Organising with catholic schools is harder because you have to get clearance through catholic education office, your presentation must meet their guidelines.

6. Did you get any amusing questions from students (or teachers)? My past teacher science teacher from high school said he would of never thought i would became a science nerd. Then started asking why i chose nanotech, how did i first hear about it. Can't say amusing, but have to be prepared for these questions, such as how much money you will make, where is nanotech going after 50 years?, isn't nanotech 'playing God'? what is your view on evolution?. As an ambassador these questions have to be dealt with carefully, have to show passion, drive, determination and ability to see what the future of nanotech can be, also be informed about the issues related to 'Intelligent design', and 'Darwin's theory of evolution'. I was lucky because i watched the American documentary about that issue related to the teaching of intelligent design.

64 • Queensland

Ms Yunyi Wong (University of Queensland)

ARCNN Young Nanotechnology Ambassador 2007 Report Yunyi Wong

Eight primary schools in Mount Isa were visited during 18th-20th September as part of the ARCNN Young Nanotechnology Ambassador Program. These visits were conducted with Carl Urbani, one of the six ATSE Young Science Ambassadors for 2007.

Specific primary schools were chosen to expose students to science. In particular nanotechnology was to be taught to students at a young age in hope to inspire them to take up science in high school and beyond. The schools visited were Sunset State School (Years 4 & 5), Happy Valley State School (Years 4 to 7), Dajarra State School (Years 4 to 7) and Mount Isa Central State School (Years 6 & 7), Townview State School (Years 6 & 7) and School of the Air (Year 7), Barkly Highway State School (Year 7) and Healy State School (Year 7). All the schools are in Mount Isa, with the exception of Dajarra State School which is 150 km south of Mount Isa.

The visit consisted of a presentation on what is science, including its implications and application to daily lives. There was also an introduction of nanotechnology, with an emphasis of why the nano domain is so fascinating. The presentation was divided into sections to make the information more enjoyable. This consisted of interactive demonstrations that helped reinforce the underlying science/ nanotechnology concept. Both the presentations and demonstrations were structured using items that students relate to.

The concept of nano was discussed using images of everyday items, like scourer pads and ball point pen tips, that have been magnified to reveal the details that can only be seen in the nanoscale. Various magnified images of an Australian native bee was also used to enable the students to see in the nanoscale, the specialised adaptations these bees use to pollinate plants and find flowers.

The demonstrations included visualisation of the DNA extracted from strawberries. Furthermore, a colour chromatography was used to illustrate the principle of the separation technique employed by DNA fingerprinting. Both teachers and students were very enthusiastic and asked thought-provoking questions.

The program was carried out mostly as planned in all schools, except at School of the Air due to the unique nature of the school. School of the Air, Mount Isa, is one of the seven distance education schools in Queensland. The school itself is physically located in Mount Isa, but lessons are conducted through teleconferencing to their students as most of them live on stations in a 450 km radius from Mount Isa. At School of the Air, a ‘chat with scientists’ session was conducted with the students during their science lesson. It was beneficial to conduct the session with Carl Urbani, as the broad range of scientists from different disciplines could provide a broader science perspective to the students.

One particular visit that left a lasting impression was Dajarra State School. The school population comprised of 36 students, with the upper primary years 4-7 made up of a single class of 12 students. They have fewer resources available to them as compared to the other schools visited, but their students’ enthusiasm for learning was unparallel.

Positive feedback was received from all schools, with comments that the presentation and especially the demonstrations were fun, interesting, and helpful in introducing students to science and nanotechnology. The students loved the interactive nature of the demonstrations where they could get their hands ‘dirty’ and perform real experiments. After the visit, follow-up emails were sent to schools to thank them for the chance to interact with their students. Protocols for several science experiments were also provided to the teachers, as per requests to be included in their science curriculum the following semester. All schools were keen to have the future Ambassadors visit. 65

Overall, this invaluable opportunity provided by the ARCNN to reach out to schools, especially those that were less funded and resourced, enabled students to become interested in science. This was a rewarding and personally satisfying experience not only for the students, but also for Carl and myself.

Figure 1: Schools Visited at Mount Isa

Figure 2: Guess what the mysterious image (in nanoscale) is)

Figure 3: Visualising Strawberry DNA

Figure 4: Colour Chromatography

67 Mr Akshat Tanksale (Queensland University)

• Northern Territory Trip

Ms Jenny Riesz and Dr Joel Gilmore (Universty of Queensland)

Special Trip to the Outback “The aim is not to turn everyone into physicists. But it is to convince everyone – future scientists, politicians, CEOs and parents alike – that scientists aren’t just geeks with glasses or old men with lab coats. That science is important, and useful and vital to the future of our society. And that sometimes, at the very least, it’s just plain fun”. - Joel Gilmore

Ms Jenny Reisz and Dr Joel Gilmore from the University of Queensland traveled to very remote schools in the Northern Territory, between Alica Springs and Darwin over a three week period in September 2007.

Young Nanotechnology Ambassador Awards 2007 Northern Territory Outback Science Tour Joel Gilmore, Jenny Riesz and Andrew Stephenson

As recipients of Young Nanotechnology Ambassador Awards in 2007, we travelled to schools in the Northern Territory, presenting shows and workshops to students at both primary and high school level. We presented a brand new workshop focusing on nanoscience and engaged students with hands on experiments and investigations that lead into discussions about cutting edge technology. In total, we visited 2400 students in 14 schools over three weeks, engaging with some of the remote students in Australia.

Background: The UQ Physics Demo Troupe The Physics Demo Troupe was founded in 2002 by two then undergraduate students from the School of Physical Sciences, Joel Gilmore and Jennifer Riesz. It is a group of mainly undergraduate student performers who travel Queensland and beyond doing science shows, talks and workshops for schools and the general public on a volunteer basis. A key focus is reaching students in rural areas, who miss out on the outreach opportunities available to students living near Universities. Travelling as far west as Mt Isa and as far north as the Torres Strait Islands within Queensland, we have reached dozens of rural schools and several thousand students, and look forward to working with many more. Northern Territory Tour As Young Nanotechnology Ambassadors for 2007, we decided to take on the ambitious venture of working with rural schools in the Northern Territory, travelling north from Alice Springs to Darwin over three weeks visiting very remote schools along the Stuart Highway, a total distance of nearly 2000km. These schools have a high proportion of indigenous students and rarely receive visitors, let alone from Universities. The awards from ARCNN and supporting grants from the University of Queensland, Australian Institute of Physics and Australian Academy of

70 Technological Sciences and Engineering gave us a unique opportunity to engage with rural communities, to inspire students to consider careers in the physical sciences, and most importantly to train teachers, leaving resources to benefit students long after we’re gone. Our Itinerary

September 2007:

Sat 8th Fly to Alice Springs, pick up campervan and supplies Sun 9th Purchase supplies, equipment, etc for shows Wed 12th Workshops at Alice Springs High School and shows for Gillen Primary School Thur 13th Workshops at St Philip’s College Fri 14th Workshops at Yirara College and shows at Bradshaw Primary Sat 15th Preparation for journey (stocking of food and supplies) Mon 17th Shows at Braitling Primary School, driving to Ali Curung Tue 18th Shows and workshops at Ali Curung School, drive to Tennant Creek Wed 19th Shows and workshops at Tennant Creek State High School Thur 20th Shows and workshops at Tennant Creek Primary School, drive to Elliot Fri 21st Shows and workshops at Elliot State School Sat 22nd Drive to Katherine Sun 23rd Preparation for following week of shows and workshops Mon 24th Shows and workshops Katherine South Primary School Tue 25th Workshops for Katherine High School Wed 26th Continued shows and workshops for and Katherine High School, drive to Jabiru Thurs 27th Shows and workshops at Jabiru State School Fri 28th Continued shows and workshops at Jabiru State School Sat 29th Drive to Darwin, fly home

71 Overview

Over three weeks, we visited 14 schools, 2400 students and clocked up over 3000 kilometres in our campervan. We had the opportunity to visit a range of schools, from well-funded private schools to small rural schools with very limited budgets.

The differences between schools were probably most apparent in our first week, based in Alice Springs. We worked with three different high schools: St Phillips, a private Christian school with about 1% indigenous students; Alice Springs High School a public school with roughly 20% indigenous students; and Yirara College a Christian run school for indigenous students.

St Phillips college was very academically inclined, rivalling many top schools in Brisbane. The teachers were very enthusiastic and the students had access to excellent facilities.

Students at Alice Springs High School, however, were not generally academically inclined. Teachers spend a large amount of time simply on discipline and crowd control, and several teachers told us that science curriculum was often cut to make time for basic literacy and numeracy. The science budget was equally limited. We found we had to inspire interest immediately or risk losing the students for the entire session.

72 Finally, we worked with students from Yirara College. Run and paid for by local Christian groups, the school provides education solely for indigenous students with a particular focus on students from very remote areas who may not have attended regular school beforehand.

Although the students are of Year 11/12 age, most are only at lower primary literacy level, making this the highest priority in the classroom. Again, we had to work hard to maintain interest over the two hour sessions, but the teacher commented “[I’m] amazed you kept them occupied and entertained for two hours!”

Another issue was that English was the second, or even third, language for many of the students, so we had to keep the language simple. Wherever possible we minimised talking and focussed on hands on experiments that could speak for themselves – the aim, of course, of almost all our workshops!

The trip north towards Katherine was an eye opening experience, not only in terms of the vast distances in the Australian outback but also letting us experience the challenges that remote teachers face. The opportunity to visit and work with students in Ali Curung, an Aboriginal freehold settlement, was particularly rewarding.

The feedback we received from the teachers was overwhelming positive – particularly on the stretch between Alice Springs and Katherine, they were grateful that someone had taken the time and effort to visit their remote corner of Australia. We left our contact details and information on where to buy many of the equipment we used – we make a point of using cheap or DIY demonstrations wherever possible.

Below are outlines of the workshops we conducted, and we would be happy to provde detailed instructions, including scripts, for the demonstrations to anyone who is interested. We would like to thank the ARCNN for supporting us on this venture, and we look forward to many more such trips in the near future.

Sincerely,

Joel Gilmore, Jenny Riesz, Andrew Stephenson

73 Nanomaterials workshop

How do materials really work? How does nanoscale structure change the properties of a material? From polymer slime to non-Newtonian fluids, students learn about what makes up materials on the nanoscale, and how we use this to make something useful. Sand that always stays dry, beads that change colour in the sun, and how Polaroid sunglasses work. Plus, a discussion of some of the latest technologies – including flexible screens and organic LCDs!

Students from Yirara College investigate UV sensitive beads

Running on the oobleck A mixture of cornflour and water is an compresses the cornflour “oobleck” – it appears runny if you work particles, making it instantly slowly with it, but… solid!

Microscopic bumps on the surface of a Mentos lolly cause a massive release of carbon dioxide from Cola – producing a dramatic fountain for a finale! 74 The Physics of Air

A 45 minute, highly interactive science show exploring air pressure, sound waves and energy. Is air pressure really strong enough to smash a ruler? How could a simple metal rod produce so much noise? And how can we use physics to launch a bouncy ball into the atmosphere? These are just some of the questions that students help us answer in an exciting show that they talk about for months!

An “Airzooka” demonstrates that air can have a lot of power, particularly when it’s spinning – just like a tornado!

The “Four ball bounce” shows how energy is always conserved, but can be moved from a heavy ball into a light ball, causing it to shoot high into the sky!

75 Science “toys” workshop

An entertaining hands-on workshop where students study a variety of physics “toys” to discover what they do that’s strange and then work out why they do it. Tops that flip upside down, water vortices and upside down fountains are just some of the experiments they’ll explore. In the process students learn valuable problem solving skills, develop their analytical thinking ability, and learn about physics topics such as energy, angular momentum, conservation of energy and fluid dynamics.

“Tippee tops” flip upside down and spin on their stick, due to an unexpected case of conservation of energy!

Two students from Yirara college investigate how vibrations produce sounds by experimenting with tuning forks

Investigating how whirlpools help to move water and air around reinforces concepts from the show, including the Airzooka

76 Mr Martin Cole (University of South Australia) • South Australia

Young Nanotechnology Ambassador Award – Report

Martin Cole - University of South Australia

The Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network is committed to advancing scientific research, collaborations and science awareness across the country. The purpose of the young nanotechnology ambassador visits was to encourage students in their science education and promote nanotechnology research to future generations. My aim was to inspire students to continue with science in their tertiary education. I visited three schools in 2007 Hamilton Secondary College, Brighton Secondary School and Wirreanda High School. At the return of school in 2008 I travelled to the Yorke Peninsula in rural SA to visit Yorketown Area School. Each visit was approximately 45-75 minutes long except for the visit to YAS which was separated into two 50 minute sessions. Session incorporated a discussion of pathways to science and nanotech at university as well as scientific careers. Visits included highly visual PowerPoint presentations of scientific research from South Australian Universities and the CSIRO (Clayton, Victoria) as well as the International scientific community and were delivered to approximately 180-200 students in total. Students were introduced to the concepts of top down and bottom up engineering approaches, some sample exhibits and a brief description of some scientific instruments not encountered in the secondary school curriculum. Carbon nanotubes, nano-porous silica and metal nanoparticles as well as their use and potential applications in the “real world” were some of the topics discussed during presentations. The area of bio-nanotechnology and biomaterials also featured with discussions of future medical diagnostics (biosensors), drug delivery, tissue engineering and targeted nanoparticles as tumour contrast agents. Students spanned year levels 10, 11 and 12 and presentations were suitably adjusted to stimulate their knowledge and interests. Feedback from the students was excellent with questions about the presentation and science in general as well as questions on what topics to

77 study and university life. They were able to quickly grasp ideas and liken them to Sci-Fi movies and also asked about the possibilities of current scientific advances. Teachers commented that the presentation was very interesting to them also and that it was very helpful to have input from a young person with examples of fresh Australian scientific achievements. It was mentioned that visits will be highly helpful for students unsure about their future studies/careers and will inspire year 12s to do their best. Overall I found the experience to be enjoyable and fulfilling. Presentations were well received by students and teachers alike and were beneficial to my presentation skills and promoting science to younger generations. I would like to thank the ARCNN for the opportunity to participate in the young nanotechnology ambassador program and I hope others who experience it continue to promote science and scientific careers.

Martin Cole Young Nanotechnology Ambassador 2007

Year 12 chemistry students from Yorketown Area School.

78 Mr Ashley Stephens (The University of Melbourne) • Victoria Mr Ashley Stephens will be visiting the schools in April-May 2008.

TRAVEL FUNDS FOR EARLY CAREER RESEARCHERS AND POST GRADUATE STUDENTS

2 Travel grants were granted to Mr Barry Halstead and Mr David Piper from Latrobe University in Victoria to attend Ethics and Regulation Risk in Nanotechnology workshop at the University of Wollongong on the 5th November 2007.

WORKSHOPS, CONFERENCES AND EVENTS

The purpose of the workshops, Conferences and Events is to take stock of the status of the field nationally and internationally, identify emerging areas of research and exchange information and to identify opportunities for collaboration and training. A Large number of ECRs and students have been supported to attend these events.

• Electromaterials Science Symposium 07/02/2007 - 09/02/2007 – University of Wollongong

• Interaction energies and the Structure of Surfaces and Nano-Structures 19/02/2007 - 21/02/2007 – RMIT University, Melbourne

• Second Australian Nanoindentation Workshop 18/03/2007 - 20/03/2007 – ANU Kioloa Campus

• 3rd Asian and Pacific Rim Symposium on Biophotonics 9/07/2007 – 11/07/2007 – Cairns • COMS2007 02/09/2007 - 06/09/2007 - Melbourne

• Nanostructures for Electronics Energy and Environment (Nano-E3) 23/09/2007 - 28/09/2007 – South Stradbroke Island, QLD

• Symposium on Metallic Multilayers 15/10/2007 - 19/10/2007 – University of Western Australia

• SPIE Conference on Device and Process Technologies for Microelectronics, MEMS, Photonics and Nanotechnology 04/12/2007 - 07/12/2007 - ANU

• COPE & ARCNN Summer School 09/12/2007 - 14/12/2007 - South Stradbroke Island, QLD 79 Electromaterials Science Symposium 07- 09/02/2007 – University of Wollongong

Event Sponsorship Report

Event Type: Conference & Workshop Event Title: 2nd International Electromaterials Science Symposium Contact Name: Kaylene Atkinson Contact Address: ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science University of Wollongong Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522

Contact Phone: 02 4221 4383 Contact Fax: 02 4221 3114 Contact Email: [email protected] Member of ARCNN? Yes -ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science - Intelligent Polymer Research Institute

Details of event:

Outcomes of the symposium:

The Australian Research Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES) hosted its annual three-day international symposium from 7-9 February 2007 at the University of Wollongong. World class researchers discussed synthesis, characterisation and applications of electromaterials in a range of important fields. The symposium attracted over 150 delegates from the USA, China, Japan, England, Germany, Ireland, Korea and Australia. CSIRO was well represented, as were industry representatives from the materials, energy and medical devices sectors. Key presentations included developments in electromaterials science, and in particular how nanotechnology has advanced materials research, and material applications in the areas of bionics and energy: A paper delivered by Professor Siegmar Roth (Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany). Professor Roth is an internationally recognised leader in nanostructured materials research and provided insight into the latest advances in generating carbon nanotube thin films optimised for use as electrodes or transistors. A paper delivered by Professor Mark Cook (St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne/University of Melbourne). Professor Cook is a neurologist specialising in the treatment of epilepsy which is the commonest serious neurological disease afflicting the population. Attention has now turned to promising new methods of polymer-based drug delivery systems to neural tissue. St Vincent’s is working in collaboration with University of Wollongong researchers. A paper delivered by Professor Zi Feng Ma of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, on strategies and progress on the development of fuel cell electric vehicles in China. Major advances have been made in this field using devices to power vehicles with zero emissions into the atmosphere. The University of Wollongong recently signed a collaborative research agreement with Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The symposium also included an overview of advances in electromaterials from the 80 Cntre’s Executive Research Director, Professor Gordon Wallace; with key Centre Rsearchers also presenting their latest results on topics such as nanostructured (extremely minute) electronic devices; optimising material properties to enhance cell growth for bionics, nanocompositematerials for use in lithium rechargeable batteries and artificial photosynthesis using nanostructured materials for light harvesting. A key focus for symposium organisers was to highlight the research and impact of young researchers in the area, achieved through inclusion of a Fellows session in the oral program, and extensive poster sessions for post-graduate students and post-doctoral fellows. The oral program was well received, with highly talented and dynamic ACES Fellows presenting their research work on topics ranging from new techniques for producing nanostructured materials, and their inclusion into devices for electronics & energy applications. The poster sessions provided the opportunity to cover a vast range of topics with two evening sessions facilitating networking and in-depth discussion amongst delegates. Poster prizes sponsored by the Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network were hard earned, with 2 of a short-listed 5 entries receiving a certificate and cash prize after defending the poster during the session and subsequently presenting an oral snap-shot of their poster in a time limit 90 seconds to the entire conference. The judging panel was comprised of 3 judges, from research institutions outside Australia that were attending the conference. Award winners were presented with a certificate by the CEO of the Australian Research Council Professor Ian MacKinnon: Ms Brianna Thompson, IPRI, UoW ($300) – Release of neurotrophic factor from a conducting polymer enhances nerve growth Ms Chonlada Dechakiatkrai, IPRI, UoW ($200) – The growth of carbon nanotubes on TiO2 film Delegates were saddened to learn of Nobel Laureate, Professor Alan MacDiarmid’s passing during the symposium, with various tributes to his impact on electromaterials science added into the program.

Outcomes of the training workshop:

ACES conducted a day long workshop program with a specific focus on the training of young researchers within the Centre. The workshops were attended by 30 - 40 students and staff. Training was carried out by a team of eminent researchers who are international experts in their field – the program and topics are contained within Schedule 1. There is a continuing need for advances in electromaterials science in order to improve performance in areas as diverse as electrorefining to nanobionics. The need to do this in a multidisciplinary environment was emphasized. The workshop was fortunate to draw on the expertise of two “international gurus” in the area of Electromaterials Science. Prof. Frank Walsh (University of Southampton, UK) and Prof. Dennis Tallman (North Dakota State University, USA) highlighted the fundamental principles necessary to design new electromaterials. Large scale applications (e.g. corrosion) and the challenges that arise were discussed. The issues confronting optimisation of fuel cell and redox battery performance were also discussed. Prof. Tallman discussed the use of state of the art electrochemical mapping (LEIS and SVRET) techniques in helping elucidate factors determining the electrochemical performance in such areas. Overall participants gained an understanding of some practical challenges in electromaterials development. They also were shown through case studies how fundamental theories can/should be used to tackle these challenges. Finally the participants were exposed to state of the art electrochemical probes that can be used in new materials development and characterisation. Prof. Peter Innis (UoW) complemented Prof. Tallman’s presentation reviewing the electrochemical

mapping techniques available at UoW. This presentation covered EC-Raman and EC-ESR as well as Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.

Training workshop: Monday 5 February 2007 ACES Centre Meeting: Tuesday 6 – Wednesday 7 February 2007 Symposium: Wednesday 7 – Friday 9 February 2007

University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia

Students/ECRs: 47 Researchers: 93 (including invited speakers) Industrial participants: 10

The majority of students/ECRs attending the conference are from within the ARC Centre of Excellence. The symposium is not an open conference, as the intent is to keep the numbers limited to enhance individual interactions and provide a focused forum for discussion of electromaterials and the advances facilitated by nanotechnology. Invitations are however, issued to all Centre Chief Investigators, Partner and Associate Investigators, who have the option of sending students to the symposium.

Registration fees for this individuals is charged through internal accounts ‘at cost’, which is $220 per person, including GST. Forty seven (47) individuals attended the 2007 conference, and ARCNN support is being used to subsidise the registrations of part of this group in full. Priority is given to subsidising members of ARCNN, compared with students visiting from overseas institutions.

No assistance to the travel costs of speakers at the symposium was requested or claimed, and this is a cost being met by ACES. Two of the speakers also provided training sessions as part of the workshop.

Please refer to Schedule 2.

Institutions represented include: ISEM, Uow – Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong IPRI, UoW – Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong Summer Student, UoW – refers to undergraduate students enrolled in UoW’s Bachelor of Nanotechnology who undertake a 10 week research project over the summer months Monash University – includes CoE nodes within Monash as well as individuals from outside the CoE.

82 The following students/ECRs were subsidised in full for their attendance at training workshops (Feb 5), centre meeting (Feb 6 and &) and annual symposia (Feb 7-9). ARCNN funds supported the attendance of 29 students/ECRs out of 47 attendees in this category. NB: GST is included in amounts listed here

Tit Surnam First Name Institution Poster title - presented at symposium le e

Mr SauYen Chew ISEM, UoW Polyol-Mediated Synthesis of Ultrafine Tin Oxide Nanoparticles for Reversible Li-Ion Storage

Ms Chonlad Dechakiatkrai IPRI, UoW The Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on TiO2 Film a Mr Javad Foroughi IPRI, UoW The development of Polypyrrole single walled carbon nanotube composite fibres through wet spinning process Mr Peter Giuang ISEM, UoW Ms Willo Grosse Summer Student, CNT Fibre Formation by Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complexation UoW Ms Jenny Halldorsson IPRI, UoW Contact angle, wettability and surface energy of polyterthiophenes

Mr Hongwe Han Monash University Enhancement in nanopores-filling and its effect on all-solid-state i dye-sensitized solar cells using nanocomposite polymer electrolytes Mr Tom Higgins Summer Student, Characterisation of Self Assembled Porphyrin Systems on Au UoW Electrodes Mr Stephen John Engineering, UoW Oral presentation at Centre meeting Ms Cecilia Lalander Monash University Attended Mr Shanno Little IPRI, UoW A Simple Routeto Loading Functionality and Nanostructure into n Conducting Polymers Ms Xiao Liu IPRI, UoW Culture of endothelial and fibroblast cells on electroactive surfaces

Ms Tracey Markley Monash University Oral presentation at Centre meeting Ms Fateme Masdarolomoo IPRI, UoW Electrochemical Synthesis of Polyaniline / poly(2-methoxy-aniline- h r 5sulfonic acid) Composite Mr Scott McGovern IPRI, UoW Oral presentation at Centre meeting Mr Suriya Ounnunkad IPRI, UoW Novel Nanostructured Architectures for Sensing Applications Mr Min-sik Park ISEM, UoW Nanostructured SnSb/carbon nanotube nanocomposites synthesized by reductive precipitation for lithium ion batteries Mr Youssof Shekibi Monash University Oral presentation at Centre meeting

Mr Peter Sherrell Summer Student, Synthesis and Characterisation of a 3D Carbon Nanotube Network UoW

Mr Luke Sweetman Summer Student, Development of Chitosan-Carbon Nanotube Novel Biomaterials UoW Incorporating PMAS as a Cross-Linking Agent Ms Brianna Thompson IPRI, UoW Release of a neurotrophic factor from a conducting polymer enhances nerve growth Ms Siu W Wai ISEM, UoW Oral presentation at Centre meeting

Dr Carol Lynam IPRI, UoW Organised and chaired Centre meeting Mr Jakub Mazurkiewicz IPRI, UoW Attended Dr Jenny Pringle Monash University Oral presentation at Centre meeting Dr George Tsekouras IPRI, UoW Organised training workshop 5 Feb Dr Yanzhe Wu IPRI, UoW Low power fluidic pump with integrated analytical capability

83 Interaction Energies and the Structure of Surfaces and Nano-Structures 19/02/2007 - 21/02/2007 – RMIT University, Melbourne

REPORT ON THE WORKSHOP: INTERACTION ENERGIES AND THE STRUCTURE OF SURFACES AND NANO-STRUCTURES 19/02/2007 - 21/3/2007

Associate Professor Salvy Russo, Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University

1. SUMMARY

This workshop coincided with the visit to RMIT of Prof. Richard Needs, Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University. This workshop attracted over 40 participants from RMIT, Melbourne University, The University of Wollongong, ANU, Curtin University of Technology, UTS Sydney and Swinburne, University of Technology.

Keynote talks were given by Professor Needs (Cambridge University, UK), Professor John Dobson (Griffith University, Brisbane), Professor Mukunda Das (ANU, Canberra), Professor Julian Gale (Curtin University of Technology, Perth), Associate Professor Mike Ford (UTS, Sydney) and Dr. Manolo Per (RMIT, Applied Physics).

A majority of participants presented talks at the workshop the titles of which are given below. It is expected that some of the talks will be published in a special edition of “The Journal of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience” (Guest Editors A/Prof S.Russo and Prof I. Snook).

2. WORKSHOP SPONSORS 1. The sponsor for the visit of Professor Richard Needs, was The RMIT Foundation

2. Workshop Sponsors:

a. The RMIT Foundation b. The RMIT SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES c. Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network d. ACCELRYS SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

84 3. WORKSHOP KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

B.1 Professor Richard Needs

Professor Richard Needs is a Professor in the Theory of Condensed Matter Group of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, UK.Richard has been researching the electronic properties of materials since 1983. He has worked on a wide range of complex systems such as surfaces, interfaces, defects, and clusters, mainly studying structural properties, including phase transitions and excitation energies. He has used a variety of computational techniques, including density functional theory methods, many-body perturbation theory and quantum Monte Carlo methods. In recent years he has been developing continuum fermion quantum Monte Carlo methods and applying them to problems in condensed matter. He and his group have developed the “CASINO” quantum Monte Carlo code which is now used in a number of groups around the world.

Professor John Dobson

Professor John Dobson is with the Physics Group, Griffith University, Queensland.

John's research fields are within the area of theoretical condensed matter Physics. His specialities are many body theory, theoretical Chemical Physics, fundamentals of Density Functional Theory, especially time-dependent density functionals and van der Waals density functionals. His current research projects are in the areas of van der Waals interactions and quantal hydrodynamics for plasmon oscillations in nanostructures.

B.2 Professor Mukunda Das

Professor Mukunda Das is a Senior Fellow in the Research School of Physical Science, ANU, Canberra, ACT.

His research work is in the general area of theoretical condensed matter physics. Within this area his research interest includes, Mesoscopic Systems (Electron Transport and Noise), High Temperature Superconductivity, Strongly Correlated Electronic Systems, Density Functional Theory, Theory of Disordered States and Bose-Einstein Condensation.

B.3 Associate Professor Mike Ford

Mike Ford is Associate Professor of Nanotechnology, at the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) and runs the education programs at its Institute of Nanotechnology. Mike's research background lies in experimental methods for measuring electron motion in matter and the fundamental question of electron correlation in atoms and molecules. His current research interests are fundamental electronic properties of materials and nano-scale systems, electron motion and bonding in van der Waals clusters as a route to understanding solvation chemistry, and synthesising scanning tunnelling microscope images using quantum chemical methods.

85 B.4 Professor Julian Gale

Professor Gale is the Premier's Research Fellow and Professor of Computational Chemistry at Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia. He is currently acting director of the Nanotechnology Research Institute of Curtin University which is comprised of academic staff members, research fellows, as well as PhD, Honours and 3rd year project students. The research undertaken by the group ranges from government-funded fundamental research to confidential one-on-one industrial projects. The NRI is also part of the West Australian Nanochemistry Institute (WANRI) that comprises groups from Curtin University, Murdoch University and the University of Western Australia.

Julian's special research interests are in the development and application of computational methods for nanotechnology and materials science. He is one of the co-developers of the DFT Code, “SIESTA”.

B.5 Dr Maolo Per

Dr Per gained his PhD from The University of Newcastle, UK and his PhD project was concerned with the development of Quantum Monte Carlo methods and computer codes. Since gaining his PhD Manolo joined the Computational Physics Group in the Applied Physics Discipline Area of RMIT and is researching the use of QMC methods to calculate weak interatomic interactions e.g. van der Waals and Hydrogen Bond interactions.

4. WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS

1. Dr Anneliese Appleton, Representative for Accelrys in Australia and New Zealand 2. Miss Duangkamon Baowan, School of Mathematics & Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong 3. Mr James Beavis, Applied Physics, RMIT 4. Alexe Bojovschi, Centre for Molecular Simulations, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 5. Dr Akin Budi, Applied Physics, RMIT 6. Mr Michael Butler, Applied Physics, RMIT 7. Mr Istvan Csik, Applied Physics, RMIT 8. Mr David Chui, Applied Physics, RMIT 9. Mr Ben Cunning, Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre, Griffith University, Queensland 10. Associate Professor Peter Daivis, Applied Physics, RMIT 11. Professor Mukunda Das, Research School of Physical Science, ANU, Canberra, ACT 12. Professor John Dobson, School of Science & Nanoscale Science & Technology Centre, Griffith University, Queensland 13. Dr Vidana C. Epa, CSIRO, Division of Molecular and Health Technologies, Victoria 14. Associate Professor Mike Ford, Institute for Nanoscale Technology, UTS, Sydney 15. Mr Federico Frascoli, Centre for Molecular Simulations, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 16. Professor Julian Gale, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth

86 17. Dr. Jesper Schmidt Hansen, Centre for Molecular Simulations, Swinburne University of Technology 18. Dr David Henry, Applied Physics, RMIT 19. Dr Andrew Hung, Applied Physics, RMIT 20. Ms Tu Cam Le, Centre for Molecular Simulations, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 21. Dr Sue Legge, Applied Physics RMIT 22. Mr Jianhui Li, Centre for Molecular Simulations, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 23.Professor Richard Needs, TCM Group, Cavendish Lab., Cambridge University, UK 24. Dr Thanh Nguyen , Chemical Engineering, Queensland University, Brisbane 25. Dr Manolo Per, Applied Physics, RMIT 26. Dr Tim Petersen, Microscopy Unit, Sydney University, Sydney 27. Olena Ponomarenko, Theory & Modeling Group, The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, The School of Physics, The University of Melbourne 28. Dr Robert Rees, CSIRO, Energy Technology, Melbourne 29. Associate Professor Salvy Russo, Applied Physics, RMIT 30. Mr Saumitra Saha, Centre for Molecular Simulations, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 31. Assoc. Prof. Debra Searles, Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre, Griffith University, Queensland 32. Mr Ken Simpkins, Science, Griffith University, Queensland 33. Professor Ian Snook, Applied Physics, RMIT 34. Dr Michelle Spencer, Applied Physics, RMIT 35. Mr Ryan Springall, Applied Physics, RMIT 36. Dr Ngamta Thamwattana, School of Mathematics & Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong 37. Prof. Billy Todd, Centre for Molecular Simulations, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 38. Ms Nevena Todorova , Applied Physics, RMIT 39. Dr Alfred Uhlherr, CSIRO, Molecular & Health Technologies, Melbourne 40. Mr Adrian Varano, Applied Physics, RMIT 41. Mr Damian Wilson, Applied Physics, RMIT 42. Mr Nicholas Wilson, CSIRO, Minerals, Melbourne 43. Mr George Yapanis, Applied Physics, RMIT 44. Mr Wenheng Zheng , Swinburne University of Technology

6. ACCOUNTS FOR RMIT WORKSHOP ON INTERACTION ENERGIES

Person Item Prof Richard Needs Travel Expenses Invited Speaker Cambridge UK Prof Mukunda Das Travel expenses Invited Speaker, ANU Prof John Dobson Travel expenses Invited Speaker, Griffith U Prof Debra Bernhardt Travel expenses Speaker, Griffith U Dr Ngamata Thamwattana Travel expenses Postdoc, Wollongong U Ms Duangkamon Baowan Travel expenses PhD student, Wollongong U Mr Ken Simpkins Travel expenses PhD student Dr Thanh Xuan Travel expenses Queensland U

Second Australian Nanoindentation Workshop, 18- 20/03/2007 – ANU Kioloa Campus

Report on the Second Australian Nanoindentation Workshop Kioloa 18-20th March 2007.

General Comments

The second Australian workshop on nanoindentation was held at Kioloa, ANU’s coastal campus, on March 18-20th 2007. Despite the heavy rain the workshop was again a great success with 48 participants coming together from 14 institutions from around Australia and overseas to discuss nanoindentation.

The aim of this workshop was to bring together researchers interested in both the application and development of methods for characterizing nanoscale mechanical and tribological properties of materials from across Australia. There was also a strong focus on enabling researchers new to the field of nanoindentation, particularly graduate students and early career researchers, to network with more established researchers in the area.

The workshop started on Sunday 18th March with a welcoming BBQ dinner before an evening users meeting run by Hysitron and Coherent Scientific (co-sponsors of the workshop). All participants were invited to this session with the aim of creating an informal network of Australian Hysitron users.

The formal presentations were commenced by Prof Mike Swain (University of Otago/University of Sydney) who needed little introduction having worked in the field of nanoindentation and mechanical properties for the past 35 years and who has authored a great many of the seminal papers in the area. Many students commented the workshop was a great opportunity to talk to Prof Swain about their work in an informal setting.

The next session of the day consisted of presentations by both ECRs and students on biological applications, a topic that has clearly grown in interest since the last workshop 2 years ago. After lunch there were a series of more general talks from company representatives and experienced researchers before an open panel discussion hosted by Dr Jodie Bradby and Dr Naoki Fujisawa (ANU). This white-board discussion covered a range of fundamental and practical topics important to the field of nanoindentation and the aim was to use the experience in the room to address a range of common user issues and concerns. The evening saw all 48 workshop participants travel to the nearby town of Mollymook for dinner at a local restaurant.

The first presentation on the following (and final day) of the workshop was an invited contribution by Prof Gerold Schneider (Hamburg University of Technology). Following this talk were a further 9 oral presentations from students and ECRs. Student prizes were awarded at the final lunch of the workshop.

Participation:

We were very pleased to note that the response to the workshop was well within our expectations. We were aiming for ~50 participants and the final number was 48; 21 students, 7 ECRs, 13 career researchers, 4 industry representatives. We also had 3 accompanying persons (2 partners and one child).

The participants represented a wide range of institutions including 8 different universities across Australia (ANU, Deakin, Monash, Uni of Melb, Uni of Syd, UNSW, Uni of Queensland and James Cook Uni). In addition we had participants from NZ, the USA and Germany. Two companies doing research involving nanoindentation (Ventracor and WRiota) and representatives from two nanoindentation companies (Hysitron and Micro-Materials) attended.

89 Student Participation

As outlined above 21 students participated in the workshop. Of these 10 students presented their work in an oral presentation. The standard of contributions from the students was impressive making it hard to choose a winner of for the Student Award. After much deliberation the judges (Prof Mike Swain and Prof Gerold Schneider) decided on awarding prizes to Mr Chris He from The University of Sydney and Mr David Oliver from The Australian National University. Both received $300 and a framed certificate knowledging their achievement.

Prof Schneider with the student prize winners 7 ECRs attended the workshop and 3 presented their work

Plot showing breakdown of participation.

3rd Asian and Pacific Rim Symposium on Biophotonics - 9–11/07/2007 – Cairns Post conference report – APBP2007

The 3rd Asian and Pacific Rim Symposium on Biophotonics (APBP2007) in conjunction with Biophotonics Downunder II was held in Cairns, Australia from July 9 – 11, 2007. The Chairs for the conference were Prof. Min Gu and Dr. Daniel Day from Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.

The conference was run over four days starting with a Welcome Reception on the Sunday the 8th July 2007, at the Shangri-la hotel, Cairns. The technical program commenced on the Monday morning, 9th July 2007 at the Hilton hotel, Cairns. The conference was official opened by Prof. Gert von Bally, Associate Secretary, International Commission for Optics (ICO), followed by three plenary talks; Prof. Bruce Tromberg (Beckmans Laser Institute, USA), Prof. Akihiro Kusumi (Kyoto University, Japan) and Prof. Dongqing Li (Vanderbilt University, USA).

The technical program for the conference was run in three parallel sessions beginning on the Monday 9th July after the plenary talks and concluded on Wednesday 11th July 2007. A conference poster session was run on the Monday evening in the industry exhibition room. The conference posters were on display throughout the entire conference. A conference dinner was held on the Tuesday evening on Green Island, located in the Great Barrier Reef, a short 45 minute ferry ride from Cairns.

During the conference it was announced that the next conference in the series, Asian and Pacific Rim Symposium on Biophotonics will be held on Jeju Island, Korea from May 4-7, 2009. The conference will be organised by Prof. Beop-Min Kim from Yonsei University, Korea.

The total technical attendance at APBP2007 was 148 people with an additional 17 industry representatives. The technical program consisted of 3 plenary speakers, 57 invited presentations, 59 contributed oral presentations and 29 poster contributions. Of the conference attendees 46 were students. The strength and depth of the technical program can be seen in that the conference was able to attract attendees from the following 17 countries; Australia, Canada, China, Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK and the USA. Particularly, the APBP2007 attracted more than 50 scientists, engineers and students from Australian universities, government and industrial organisations, which significantly promoted the state-of-the-art biophotonics research in Australia.

During the conference 10 international and local industry sponsors held trade booths including; Olympus Australia Pty. Ltd., Newspec Pty. Ltd., Coherent Scientific Pty. Ltd., Leica Microsystems Pty. Ltd., Warsash Scientific Pty. Ltd., Optiscan Pty. Ltd., Femtolasers GmbH, Lastek Pty. Ltd.. Scitech Pty Ltd. with Andor Technologies Pty. Ltd and the Australian Research Council Network Fluorescence Applications in Biotechnology and Life Sciences (FABLS). In addition, three major national research centres provided financial support for the conference, Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network, Australian Research Centre of Excellence for Ultrahigh-Bandwidth Device for Optical Systems and the Australian Corporative Research Centre for Polymers supported APBP2007.

This year APBP2007 was very fortunate to have strong support from a significant number of national optical societies including; Australian Institute of Physics, Australian Optical Society, Chinese Optical Society, Indian Laser Association, International Commission for Optics, Optical Society of America, Optical Society of India, Optical Society of Japan, Optical Society of Korea and International Society for Optics Within Life Sciences.

The ARCNN information leaflets, pens, notepads and mints were distributed to all the conference delegates through both the conference bags and the registration desk. The ARCNN conference sponsorship funds were used to support the following delegates: 1. Invited speaker-registration waiver Prof. James Friend, Monash University. 2. Invited speaker-registration waiver Prof. Hiroshi Masuhara, Osaka University. 3. Reduced student registration fee x45.

On behalf of the Organising Committee, we would like to thank the ARCNN for their support for APBP2007.

Sincerely, Prof. Min Gu and Dr. Daniel Day Co-Chairs, Organising Committee APBP2007

Tromberg Plenary speaker Plenary speaker - Li

COMS2007 02/09/2007 - 06/09/2007 - Melbourne

th Report to ARCNN on 12 International COMS Conference Dr. Andrew Campitelli, MiniFAB (22 Jan 2008) Melbourne,

Activity purpose:

COMS is the leading international conference on the commercialisation of micro and nano technologies. The conference addresses the issues of opportunity realisation - from research, technology transfer, manufacturing processes, facilities, infrastructure, investment, applications and markets, to unique issues such as regulatory, social implications, education and workforce development. Whilst COMS offers many streams and presentations it is also a powerful networking event.

COMS2007 brought together leaders from all over the world and every sector of the supply chain - from high tech companies, national labs, regional development and government agencies, investment and consulting groups, market researchers, educationalists and students - all sharing, learning and creating partnerships in an open interactive environment.

Participant numbers: There were 3 categories of participants due to the structure of the conference. Registered conference delegates – 363 Teachers, students and general public at “Education Day” – 80 Engineers Australia Breakfast - 80

Outcomes: A greater appreciation of issues involved in commercialising small technology products diffused into the local community. A greater understanding of the ethical, societal and health risks and impacts. Collaborative projects are being developed with international groups such as Sandia National Laboratories (USA) and the Micromachine Centre (Japan) as a result of site visits and meetings held post the conference but organised as an integral part of the conference. An enhanced global reputation as seen from the large amount of feedback re the impressive amount and quality of Australian scientific achievements and endeavours in nano-micro-bio technologies.

COMS2007 was also the focus point of major dissemination activities of the EU 6th Framework Integrated Project called SmartHEALTH (Project Number: IST-NMP-2- 016817). SmartHEALTH aims to develop the next generation intelligent medical diagnostic platforms, based on micro-nanoinfo-bio technologies. MiniFAB is the only non-

European member of SmartHEALTH (30 partners in total) and Dr. Campitelli (MiniFAB) is a member of the Steering Committee. The first ever SmartHEALTH Public

Open Day event was held during COMS2007 with SmartHEALTH representation via 6 key oral presentations from members of the SmartHEALTH consortium (including UK, German and Australian companies) and a booth (part of STC-MiniFAB booth). At the booth SmartHEALTH material, including a new Public Flyer and microfluidic biosensor cartridges from partners IMM, microfluidics Chipshop and MiniFAB were all on display.

Overall, the event was a great success for SmartHEALTH where significant international exposure was achieved.

Details of expenditure of ARCNN sponsorship funds:

Last Name First Address Work Title Name Organization Line 1 Suburb Phone Email Address

Lower 0401 La Trobe Templestowe 307 Payten Mr Tom University 20 Rae St VIC 3107 504 [email protected] 03 Monash Clayton Watson Mr Brett Melbourne VIC 3800 9905 [email protected] University Campus 1088 48 0408 Wilkinson Mr Edward Monash Deepdene Deepoene VIC 3103 598 [email protected] Rd 690 02 2A Anglo Angus Ms Leigh UTS Chatswood NSW 2067 9805 [email protected] St 2396 University Of School Of Fairchild Ms Barbara Melbourne VIC 3010 [email protected] Melbourne Physics 3/16 La Trobe 0433 Kaushal Mr Vora Kelvinside Noble Park VIC 3174 [email protected] University 190549 Rd 263 03 Wan Ting La Trobe Chew Ms Banksia Ivanhoe VIC 3079 9440 [email protected] Sherween University St 9258 03 PO Box Garner Ms Jennifer NanoVic Dingley VIC 3172 9905 [email protected] 229 8696 ARCNN’s sponsorship assisted in funding 8 students

COMS / ARCNN

95 Nanostructures for Electronics Energy and Environment (Nano-E3) 23-28/09/2007 – South Stradbroke Island, QLD

Report on the NanoE3 School and Workshop (Nanotechnology for Electronics Environment and Energy)

Nunzio Motta Location: Couran Cove Date: 23-28 September 2007

Scientific Report The NanoE3 event was successfully held at Couran Cove from 23 to 28 September 2007. The event included a 2 days school and a 3 days workshop, which started with the school poster session. The total number of participants attending has been of 66: 37 invited people (7 Lecturers, 9 Keynotes, 21 Invited) and 29 students. The full list is reported in the appendix. School – knowledge dissemination The two days school has been attended by 29 students coming from many Australians Universities: QUT, UQ, Griffith, Uni Melbourne, Flinders. Some of them attended also the workshop. The school covered many aspects of nanotechnology: catalysis, polymer electronics, fuel cells, Infrared sensors, photonic devices, biological nanostructures, quantum computers, ionic sputtering. The detailed program and the abstract of the lectures is attached. At the end of the school the student presented their work in a poster session, which merged to the workshop opening. So all the workshop participants had the opportunity to view the posters and discuss with the students, increasing the interactions. It’s worth to notice that one of the posters (Mr. Ben Flavel, Flinder University - Patterned Attachment of Carbon Nanotubes to Silicon) has been awarded by a 500$ Organizing Committee’s prize from a panel formed by Prof. J.Bell (QUT) and Prof C. Jagadish (ANU). The Italian Consul of Brisbane attended the workshop opening ceremony. The School lectures and poster abstract booklet is enclosed as appendix 2. Workshop – knowledge sharing The technical level of the workshop was outstanding, both from Australia side with 4 federation Fellows presenting their work (Michelle Simmons, Ben Eggleton, Chennupati Jagadish, and Max Lu and from Italian side, with 5 full professors of various Italian Universities (R.Rosei, F.Beltram, E. Traversa, M De Crescenzi, P.Milani). Much interest has been raised, amongst the others • in the quantum electronics area by the talks of Michelle Simmons and A.Hamilton • in energy area by the talks of M.De Crescenzi, E.Traversa and J.Bell • In environmental area by the talks of M. Lu and R. Rosei A consistent sharing on the technical knowledge relating to nanotechnology and its applications in energy, electronics and environmental protection has been the outcome of the sessions. The secluded place has also favoured the interactions between speakers and led to building of new links. Further information is included in the workshop abstract booklet.

Event outcomes

Pre-Post event visits and tours By using funds coming from various universities, from ATSE and from ARNAM, lecture tours or visits have been organized. • Prof. F. Biscarini: o 24 September: Chemistry Dept. Monash University (Clayton, VIC): Prof. Peter Junk, Dr. Massimiliano Massi, Prof. Leone Spiccia; talk on "Charge injection in OFETs with SAM functionalised electrodes: odd-even effects" o 25 September: CSIRO Molecular and Health Technology Division (Clayton, VIC): Prof. Andrew Holmes, Dr. Scott Watkins, Dr. Mark Bown. Talk "Self- organised nanostructures and devices" • Prof. E.Traversa: University of Sydney (Cathy Stampfl) • Prof. R.Rosei: o Lecture tour on Energy related problems: o 1 October: University of Queensland (prof. M.Lu), "Energy Problems and Nanotechnology Solutions" o 1 October: ANA (300 queen st.) “Which Energy for the Future of Mankind?” o University of Melbourne and Synchrotron radiation facility, University of Sydney (Cathy stampfl). • Prof. F. Rosei; Lecture tour on nanotechnology and molecular self assembly: o University of Western Australia (Prof. Faraone), o University of Melbourne (Prof. Jamieson), o University of Technology Sydney (Prof. Mike Ford), o University of Sydney (Prof. J.Reimers)

Collaborative projects The Nanoe3 event has been the occasion for some of the speakers to strengthen the existing collaboration and analyse the work of shared students.

Several project of collaboration have been proposed between Australian and Italian groups: 1) International Linkage on catalysis for energy UQ (max Lu), QUT (N.Motta) and University of Trieste (Prof. R.Rosei). 2) Joint PhD in material science and nanotechnology between University of Roma Tor Vergata and QUT 3) Discovery project on nanotube based solar cells (University of Roma Tor Vergata, QUT) 4) Prof. F.Biscarini: Planning an International Linkage project with Alex Hamilton; Visit of 2 researcher of CSIRO Melbourne, Molecular and Health Technology Division to Bologna. These projects will be defined in the next months and the proper applications deposited at the due time. Common papers between participants to the workshop: 1. Szkutnik, P.D. and Sgarlata, A. and Ronda, A. and Motta, N. and Berbezier, I. and Balzarotti, A. (2006) Early Stage of Ge Growth on Si(001) Vicinal Surfaces with 8° Miscut Along[1-10] . Physical Review B 75, 033305 (2007). 2. N.Motta, F.Boscherini, A.Sgarlata, A.Balzarotti, G.Capellini, F.Ratto, F.Rosei, GeSi intermixing in Ge nanostructures on Si(111): An XAFS versus STM study. Phys. Rev. B 75, 035337 (2007). 3. Szkutnik, P.D. and Sgarlata, A. and Ronda, A. and Motta, N. and Berbezier, I. and Balzarotti, A. (2006) Early Stage of Ge Growth on Si(001) Vicinal Surfaces with 8° Miscut Along[1-10] . Physical Review B 75, 033305 (2007). 97 4. G. Scappucci, F. Ratto, D. L. Thompson, T. C. G. Reusch, W. Pok, and F. J. Rueß, F. Rosei, M. Y. Simmons Structural and electrical characterization of room temperature ultra-high-vacuum compatible SiO2 for gating scanning tunneling microscope-patterned device. Submitted to Appl. Phys. Lett. (2007)

Addressing the National Research Priorities The NanoE3 workshop and school addressed two of the National research priorities: An environmentally sustainable Australia and Frontier technologies. Here is a list of some of the keynote speakers or lecturers that dealt with these problems:

AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE AUSTRALIA

Water – a critical resource : Prof. M.Lu (membranes for water filtration), Dr. W.Martens (water purification).

Reducing and capturing emissions in transport and energy generation : Prof. E.Gray (Hydrogen generation), Prof. E.Traversa (nanostructured materials for fuel cells), Prof. M.Lu (membranes for Fuel cells) Prof. J.Bell (New polymer and dye-sensitized solar cells). Prof. R.Rosei (catalysis)

FRONTIER TECHNOLOGIES FOR BUILDING AND TRANSFORMING AUSTRALIAN INDUSTRIES

Breakthrough science : Prof. M.Simmons, Prof. D.Jamieson (Quantum computing)

Frontier technologies : Prof. Eggleton, Prof. Faraone (photonics), prof. C.Jagadish (nanotechnology).

Advanced materials : Prof. M.De Crescenzi (nanotubes), Prof. F.Biscarini (polymers), Prof. P.Milani (clusters)

98 List of Participants

7 Lecturers (3 Italians, 4 Australians): Australia D. Jamieson UniMel Ion Beam Physics in Nanotechnology Australia B.J. Eggleton UniSyd Photonic Devices Australia L. Faraone UWA IR sensors/ semiconductor growth Australia E.Waclawik QUT Polymer electronics and solar cells Italy R. Rosei Uni Trieste Nanostructures for Catalysis Italy F. Beltram SNS Pisa Nanoscience Italy E.Traversa Roma Tor Vergata Nanostructured materials for fuel cells

9 Keynotes: (4 Italians, 5 Australians) Australia C.Jagadish ANU Semiconductors/electronics Australia M.Lu UQ Nanoporous filters/environment Australia M.Simmons UNSW Quantum computing Australia J.Bell QUT Solar Cells / environmental applications Australia A.Hamilton UNSW GaAs Quantum wires Italy P.Milani Uni Milano Cluster assembled nanostructures Italy F. Rosei Univ. du Quebec Organic/inorganic nanostructures Italy F.Biscarini Uni Bologna Organic nanostructures Italy M.De Crescenzi Roma Tor Vergata Nanotubes and nanostructures

21 Invited: (14 Australians, 7 Italians) Australia R. Caruso Melbourne Uni Porous organic structures/ photocatalysis Australia J. Dell UWA MEMS, microspectrometers Australia C.Fell CSIRO Organic Photovoltaics Australia C. Foley CSIRO Superconductors Australia A. Fuhrer UNSW Quantum Computers Australia E. Gray Griffith Hydrogen storage Australia W. Martens QUT Titania nanoparticles for Water/air Purification Australia Z. Ristovski QUT fine particles and aerosol measurements Australia C. Pakes Latrobe Superconductors Australia J.Dell UWA Mems fabrication Australia G. Scappucci UNSW UHV compatible silicon dioxide for atomically precise devices Australia S. Schofield Newcastle Organic electronics Australia J. Shapter Flinders Molecules on Surfaces/Organic electronics Australia E. Waclawik QUT Nanotube/Polymer solar cells Italy G. Capellini Uni Roma3 Ge/Si Quantum dots growth Italy S. Heun Sincrotrone Trieste Compositional mapping of nanostructures Italy V. Pellegrini CNR/NEST Pisa Quantum Heterostructures / Molecules Italy K. Prince Sincrotrone Trieste Single molecule spectroscopy Italy A. Vomiero Uni Brescia Nanostructured sensors Italy N.Sasanelli Italian Embassy Scientific links and joint research between Italy and Australia Italy A. Sgarlata Tor Vergata Ge/Si QD

99 List of Students Ching Yuan ARC Centre for Excellence for Functional THE UNIVERSITY OF Mr (Tom) Cheng Nanotmaterials QUEENSLAND ARC Centre for Excellence for Functional THE UNIVERSITY OF Mr Yonggang Jin Nanotmaterials QUEENSLAND ARC Centre for Excellence for Functional THE UNIVERSITY OF Miss Chalida Klaysom Nanotmaterials QUEENSLAND ARC Centre for Excellence for Functional THE UNIVERSITY OF Mr Melvin Lim Nanotmaterials QUEENSLAND ARC Centre for Excellence for Functional THE UNIVERSITY OF Mr Gang Liu Nanotmaterials QUEENSLAND ARC Centre for Excellence for Functional THE UNIVERSITY OF Mr Sean Muir Nanotmaterials QUEENSLAND ARC Centre for Excellence for Functional THE UNIVERSITY OF Mr Aniruddh Mukherji Nanotmaterials QUEENSLAND ARC Centre for Excellence for Functional THE UNIVERSITY OF Mr Thomas Rufford Nanotmaterials QUEENSLAND ARC Centre for Excellence for Functional THE UNIVERSITY OF Mr Joshua Watts Nanotmaterials QUEENSLAND ARC Centre for Excellence for Functional THE UNIVERSITY OF Miss Xiaoxia Yan Nanotmaterials QUEENSLAND

Mr Ben Flavel Flinders University Adelaide

Mr Lester Barnsley NSTC Griffith University

Ms Tara Busbridge NSTC Griffith University

Mr Ben Cunning NSTC Griffith University

Mr Ken Simpkins NSTC Griffith University

Mr Stuart Bell Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering QUT

Mr Marco Bernardi Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering QUT

Mr Michele Giulianini Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering QUT

Mr Adrian Fuchs QUT School of Physical & Chemical Sciences QUT

Mr Daniel Belcher The University of Newcastle EAST MAITLAND

Mr Yanan Guo The University of Queensland ST LUCIA

Mr Mohanchand Paladugu The University of Queensland ST LUCIA

Mr Paul Schwenn Physics Department ST LUCIA

Mr Karsten Krueger Physics Department ST LUCIA

Ms Kerry Dunn INRS-EMT VARENNES

Mr Giuseppe Carlo Tettamanzi University of Melbourne WEST BRUNSWICK ARC Centre for Excellence for Functional THE UNIVERSITY OF Dr Fengqiu Tang Nanotmaterials QUEENSLAND ARC Centre for Excellence for Functional THE UNIVERSITY OF Dr Lianzhou Wang Nanotmaterials QUEENSLAND

Mr Rybackhuk Maksym Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering QUT

100 Symposium on Metallic Multilayers - 15/10/2007 - 19/10/2007 – University of Western Australia

REPORT: MML 2007 SYMPOSIUM (University of Western Australia, Perth)

Synopsis: 1. There were 135 participating physicists from universities and research institutes, with 80% from outside Australia (most from Japan (27%), Germany (16%), France (8%), UK (7%), USA(7%), but also including China, Korea, Netherlands, Taiwan, Russia, Sweden, Singapore, Brazil, Canada, and Italy).

2. The Symposium series began at the birth of what we now call "spin-electronics": the ability to manipulate the 'spin' of an electron in addition to its charge. These scientists were responsible for the discoveries that enabled what are now important technologies, including GB density hard drives in laptops and a host of other applications. The concept behind the Symposium is to create a meeting for a limited number of participants, with only one session dedicated to magneto- electronics in metal structures. At the beginning, these structures were layered films. For this reason, the name of the Symposium is 'Metallic Multi-Layers' and includes the most prominent members of the community involved with the discovery, and subsequent exploration, of a phenomena now known as 'giant magneto-resistance'. Discovery of this phenomena was recognised in 2007 by the award of the Noble Prize in physics.

3. In the 20 years since the initial discovery of giant magnetoresistance, the focus of the Symposium has been on a nearly continuous stream of unexpected phenomena discovered in nanostructured materials containing metallic magnets. Some of these discoveries have been central to the application of giant magnetoresistance in hard disk technologies and magnetic sensors. Other discoveries have opened new possibilities for studying quantum mechanical effects involving the spin of electrons in metals. For this reason, topics presented at the Symposium span a range from quantum many body theory to experiments on new phenomena important for spin electronics. Possible applications are quite diverse, from data storage to DNA sequencing. As such, the Symposium as also acquired a bit of an interdisciplinary flavour.

4. Some highlights: - Experimental demonstration of the so-called 'inverse Faraday effect' in which nonlinear dynamics of spin angular momentum driven by femtosecond pulsed laser radiation are studied. The effect is to imagine swapping north for south on a magnet using a single pulse from a laser.

- Discovery of a moebius strip for nonlinear magnetic pulses. These pulses travel along a material which acts something like a treadmill, but the treadmill behaves as if it has only one side (like a moebius strip).

- Observation of a possible new type of Bose-Einstein condensation. This phenomena involves magnetic excitations (called magnons), with aspects that appear very similar to other Bose- Einstein condensates, such as liquid helium or ultra-cold atoms. The difference is that this condensate exists at room temperature and is driven by microwaves.

- Proposal by IBM scientists for domain wall chains as a low power, high density computer memory scheme. An exciting feature of this is that it relies on a recently discovered effect by which quantum spin angular momentum is transferred from conduction currents to magnetic moments. This is one of several technologies currently being explored as possible alternatives to 101 hard disk memory storage. These have the advantage of no moving mechanical parts and low power consumption and potentially offer greater data storage densities.

5. Publications: 6 Review articles (12 pages each) and 5 invited papers (6 pages each). IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, to appear in August, 2008.

6. Next Symposium: 2010 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA.

ARCNN Sponsorship Funds:

• support for participation by 11 students (support for travel was provided separately from ARC Materials Network sponsorship). support for invited and invited plenary talks. First Organisati Presentati Name name on position on Juan Duriavig Pablo ANSTO PhD student poster Physics, Kennewell Kim UWA PhD student poster Physics, Livesey Karen UWA PhD student poster Loh Nicholas ANSTO PhD student poster Physics, Metaxas Peter UWA PhD student poster Physics, Ross Nils UWA PhD student poster Physics, Magaraggia Rhet UWA PHD Student poster Mat. Eng, Hambe Michael UNSW PhD student poster Anbusath Mat. Eng., Varatharaja ai UNSW PhD student poster Mat. Eng. Photongka Patrick UNSW PhD student poster Mat. Eng., Lin Xuhan UNSW PhD Student poster University of Cambridge, Blamire Mark UK Professor Plenary University Ogrin Feodor Exeter, UK Research Staff Invited University Nancy, Mangin Stephane France Professor Invited James Michael ANSTO Research Staff Invited Kaiserslaut ern TU, Hillebrands Burkard Germany Professor Plenary

102 SPIE Conference on Device and Process Technologies for Microelectronics, MEMS, Photonics and Nanotechnology 04/12/2007 - 07/12/2007 - ANU

Report

ARCNN funding for SPIE Microelectronics, MEMS, and Nanotechnology Symposium

Conference: Device and Process Technologies for Microelectronics, MEMS, Photonics and Nanotechnology

This bi-yearly symposium was held at the Australian National University from 4-7 Dec. 2007. It is a gathering of 5 different conferences as listed below: − Microelectronics: Design, Technology, and Packaging III − BioMEMS and Nanotechnology III − Device and Process Technologies for Microelectronics, MEMS, Photonics, and Nanotechnology IV − Photonics: Design, Technology, and Packaging III − Complex Systems II

The symposium was organised by SPIE with the support of various scientific committees on the technical programs. It was sponsored by ANU, ARCNN, Bandwidth Foundry, COSNET, CUDOS and RPO. There were about 400 delegates at the conference from about 27 countries. A good proportion of them are students and early career researchers from within the country. 6 plenary lectures were given by highly distinguished researchers in their respective fields: − Gordon G. Wallace, University of Wollongong, 'Conducting Organic Nanostructures and their use in Medical Bionics' − Susumu Noda, Kyoto University, 'Recent Progress and Future Prospect of Photonic Crystals' − Martin Wegener, University of Karlsruhe, 'Photonic Metamaterials: Optics Starts Walking on Two Feet' − Stephen Hyde, Australian National University, 'Self-assembly In Vivo: Manufacturing Photonic Devices in a Butterfly Chrysalis' − Chennupati Jagadish, Australian National University, 'Quantum Dots and Nanowires for Optoelectronic Device Applications' − Vijay K. Varadan, University of Arkansas, 'Micro- and Nano-electronic Packaging in Engineering, Life Sciences, and Medicine'

103

In addition to these excellent plenary lectures, there were many invited speakers for the various conferences. More than 100 oral talks were presented. There were also two poster sessions on 5th and 6th Dec, of about 60-70 posters each evening. Most delegates felt that the symposium was the best thus far.

The funding of AUD10,000 from ARCNN was used for the following: 1. Sponsor of Prof. Susumu Noda from Kyoto University who gave a Plenary lecture 2. Conference registration for 9 PhD students from Australia (Monash x 1, UTS x 1, RMIT x 3, UNSW x 2, ANU x 2) 3. Award of poster prizes to 11 PhD students

H.H. Tan 26 March 2008

104 • COPE & ARCNN Summer School 09/12/2007 - 14/12/2007 - South Stradbroke Island, QLD

ARCNN Summer School Report

“Electronic Properties of Functional Materials for Nanotechnology” www.physics.uq.edu.au/cmp-workshop

9 - 14 December 2007 The University of Queensland’s Moreton Bay Research Station North Stradbroke Island

The purpose of the “Electronic Properties of Functional Materials for Nanotechnology” Summer School was to give postgraduate students working at the interface of chemistry, physics, and materials science background knowledge that they would not have received because they had done a degree in chemistry or physics. It was also to break down some of the communication barriers between theoretical chemists and physicists. We are often working on similar problems from different angles and have our own terminology and focus.

23 PhD students, 7 postdoctoral researchers and 6 academics attended and lectured at the Summer School. These attendees were from The University of Queensland, The University of Sydney and the Thailand University of Technology.

The funds obtained from the ARCNN paid for accommodation, meals and transport to and from the Island in the form of eight scholarships of $500.00 for eight students who came from outside of Queensland, who were required to apply for the scholarships and undertake several eligibility requirements which included:

• Be a member of the ARCNN • Be a postgraduate student or early career researcher • Present a poster on their research project at the Summer School • Attempt at least half of the tutorial questions prior to the Summer School • Read all of the required reading before the Summer School • A commitment to make or update an entry on wikepedia on a subject relevant to the Summer School

The feedback at the end of the Summer School was very positive. Participants particularly enjoyed the interaction and format of the tutorials. A lot of people also expressed their interest in attending again this year.

The outcomes of the Summer School included:

• students getting a much stronger foundational knowledge • students of different backgrounds interacting with each other • a much greater understanding and communication between chemists and physicists interested in modelling molecular materials for nanotechnology.

105

WEBSITE http://www.ausnano.net

The ARCNN Website is a very popular website and as at the end of 2007 it received more that 930,000 hits to the site, and it is believed that a significant amount of these are from Australia, and there is also interest from a number of other countries. A separate website page with logo below was added specially for the International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology to be held in February 2008.

http://www.ausnano.net/iconn2008/

The ARCNN Website contains among other things: • the lists of members and Research Groups affiliated with the network, • online applications for members • Online applications for grants • Nanotechnology Facilities and Capabilities Register • ARCNN Nanoforum • Reports from Young Nano Ambassadors • Employment Opportunities • Links to other websites and events

The website is continually being maintained and updated and there are links to various sites including various surveys, other networks and related activities.

A demographic list of website hits can be found in Appendix B

106

NANOTECHNOLOGY FACILITIES AND CAPABILITIES REGISTER

The Nanotechnology Facilities and Capabilities Register was established at the end of 2006 and the list of registered facilities and their capabilities can be accessed on the following page http://www.ausnano.net/index.php?page=facilities Members and visitors to the site are able to access specific nanotechnology facilities and expertise that is available across Australia. At present we 21 approved facilities on the site.

NEWSLETTER

A newsletter which is sent to all members is another means of communication that ARCNN uses as an information management tool. The newsletter is sent out every two months and details information and events held in the field on Nanotechnology in Australia. This year we have revamped the newsletter and this new format has been very well received by the members. Newsflashes are released in between newsletters to make members aware of events with a short deadline. A copy of 15th Edition of the ARCNN Newsletter is in Appendix C This newsletter is not only sent to all members but also to the Friends of the ARCNN. A list of Friends is in Appendix D

107

MEMBERSHIP The ARCNN membership consists of established researchers, Early Career Researchers, PhD students whose research field is in the area of Nanotechnology. It also consist of members from Government departments and business, for example the Australian Office of Nanotechnology and Invest Australia in the Department of Industry, Innovation Science and Research.

The following is a chart representing ARCNN members per state.

ARCNN Members 2007 by state

140

120

100

Students 80 ECRs End Users 60 Researchers

e T t IC D as ta SA WA V N SW e S ACT QL TAS N rs ve O

State Students ECRs Others Researchers Total SA 44 11 1 21 77 WA 38 12 0 31 81 ACT 29 23 5 29 86 VIC 103 49 3 86 241 QLD 57 14 1 45 117 NT 00 0 11 TAS 00 0 00 NSW 123 49 4 80 256 Overseas 13 4 5 22 44 TOTAL 407 162 19 315 903

A list of ARCNN members per state including their affiliations can be viewed in Appendix A

108 PLANNED 2008 ACTIVITIES

ARCNN plans to continue funding Workshops, Conferences, Forums, encouraging and supporting participants in getting together and networking for the growth in the research of Nanotechnology in Australia. To encourage collaborations among its members the Following Events are planned: Following the success of the 2006 and 2007 distinguished visitor program ARCNN is in the process of organizing its next tour by: Prof Horst Hahn who is a professor and Managing Director of the Institute for Nanotechnology at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Hahn is one of the co-founders of SusTech Darmstadt GmbH&Co KG, a start-up company in the area of sustainable chemistry and nanotechnology. His main research interests are in the areas of synthesis, characterization and functional (physical and chemical) properties of nanostructured materials in the form of thin films, nanoparticles and bulk materials. His tour is scheduled for February and will include Canberra, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. Dr Don Eigler IBM Fellow,IBM Almaden Research Center. Dr. Don Eigler is a physicist who specializes in studying the physics of surfaces and nanometer-scale structures. In late 1989, using the liquid-helium-temperature scanning tunneling microscope that he had built, Dr. Eigler demonstrated for the first time the ability to build structures at the atomic level by spelling out "I-B-M" with individual xenon atoms.

Following the success of ICONN 2006, the management committee has also been involved in preparing for the • International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2008(ICONN) which will be held in Melbourne on the 25th to the 29th of February 2008 Copy of ICONN promotional Flyer is in Appendix E

Planning is also underway for the third ARCNN ECR and Post Grad Symposium • ARCNN Early Career Researcher and Postgraduate Student Symposium 23/02/2008 - 24/02/2008 - Melbourne Business School, Melbourne

There will be a continuation of the successful Overseas Travel Fellowships and Young Nanoscience Ambassador Awards. Sponsorships for the Following Events during 2008:

• US/Australia Workshop on Sustainable Nano Manufacturing 23/02/2008 - 24/02/2008 - Melbourne Business School, Melbourne • 2008 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Nanobionics 22/06/2008 - 26/06/2008 - University of Wollongong • 17th International Conference on Photochemical Conversion and Solar Energy 2008 27/07/2008 - 01/08/2008 - Sydney, Australia • IUMRS International Conference on Electronic Materials 2008 (ICEM2008) 28th July to 1st August 2008 - Hilton Hotel, Sydney. • Workshop on Bio//Micro/Nanofluidics, Complex Flows and Rheology. 1-2 Sept 2008-Clayton Campus Monash University 109 FINANCIAL STATEMENT ARC Research Network name:

Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network

Administering Organisation:

Australian National University –Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering

Sources of Funding:

CASH IN KIND · Carryover amount from 2006: $412,810 · ARC Network Grant $403,357 · Contributing Organisations o Australian National University $20,000 $33,603 o University of New South Wales $10,000 $30,000 o University of Western Australia $20,000 $30,000 o Macquarie University $10,000 $30,000 o University of Melbourne $30,000 ICONN 2006 Surplus plus Proceedings CD $6,813 sales TOTAL: $882,980 $153,603

Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network Income for Period Jan to Dec 2007 $6,813 $20,000 $10,000

$10,000 Amount Carried over from 2006 $20,000 Australian Research Council

Australian National University

$412,810 Macquarie University

University of New South Wales $403,357 University of Western Australia

ICONN 2006 Surplus plus Proceedings CD sales

110

Expenditure ARC Research Network Funding and Contributing Organisation cash and in-kind contributions: (Please report on the expenditure on the budget items as stated in the Approved Proposal (or any revised budget approved by the ARC) for the Research Network. Where applicable, provide details of items of expenditure as indicated below, e.g. salary components should be listed by individual, the cost of each workshop, individual working group, or other meetings should be given, as well as any research project funds expended).

2006 ARC Contributing Organisation Research contributions Network Funding (Please ensure that complete information is provided in regard to the expenditure of all ARC funding Expenses Description received in 2007.) Cash In-kind Personnel Salaries and on-costs. $106,325

Network Manager and network administrator(Part-time) Australian National University $28,603 Network Convenor - Prof C Jagadish University of New South Wales - Dr Adam Micolich 10% salary plus oncosts, $9,650 University of Western Australia - Prof Laurie Faraone 5% salary plus oncosts $9,600 - A/Prof John Dell 3% salary plus oncosts $3,840 Macquarie University - Prof Deb Kane 12% salary plus oncosts $18,540 University of Melbourne - Prof Paul Mulvaney 20% salary plus on costs $30,000 Shared Research Resources, for example:

Bringing People Together, Short Term Visits $2,970 Long Term Visits including Overseas $40,682 Travel Fellowships Young Nanoscience Ambassador $10,067 Awards Conferences $54,750 ICONN 2008 Conference expenses - $32,396 Plenary and Invited speakers Workshops $18,500 Summer School $4,000 Distinguished Lecturer tours $15,889 International Networking $1,000

111 Travel and Accommodation $21,423

Purchase of specific Assets or Intellectual Property

Other expenditure: Web Management $5,036 Outreach $5,933 Infrastructure and Support $53,370 Any other expenditure not falling under the specified expenditure headings above. $318,971 $0 $153,603 TOTAL EXPENDITURE $564,009 Carryover amount:

Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network Expenditure January to December 2007 v Personnel Salaries and oncosts.

Short Term Visits

$1,000 $21,423 Long Term Visits including Overseas Travel Fellowships $15,889 $5,036 $4,000 Young Nanoscience $5,933 Ambassador Awards $18,500 Conferences

$32,396 ICONN 2008 Conference expenses -Plenary and Invited speakers Workshops $106,325

Summer School

$54,750 Distinguished Lecturer tours

International Networking $10,067 $2,970 $40,682 Travel and Accommodation

Web Management

Outreach

112

Provide the reason for carryover in the column below:

It is essential that reasons be provided by carryover requests

Funds have been set aside for the International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology being held in February 2008.

It is the responsibility of the Research Network to ensure that the carryover amount requested in this document is the same as that which is forwarded electronically to the ARC by their Institution’s Administration in a separate End of Year Report. Research Network Convener or Delegate:

Signature: ______

Date: ______

113 Appendix A - ARCNN Members by State ACT Surname First Name Title Institution Department Arns Christoph Dr Australian National Applied Mathematics University Ashrafi Almamun Dr Australian National Electronic Materials Engineering University Barik Satyanaraya Mr Australian National Research School of Physical Sciences n University and Engineering,Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Boswell Rod Professor Australian National Space Plasma and Plasma University Processing group, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Bradby Jodie Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Brett David Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Buda Manuela Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Caillard Amael Mr Australian National Plasma Research Laboratory University Chadderton Lewis Professor The Australian National AMPL University Charles Christine Dr Australian National Plasma Research Laboratory, University Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Charnvanich Supakit Mr Australian national EME borikarn University Chen Ying Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Chen Yong Jun Dr Australian National EME University Chen Hua Mr Australian National EME University Choi Duk Yong Dr Australian National LPC University Cifuentes Marie Dr Australian National Department of Chemistry, TF University Craig Vince Dr Australian National Department of Applied Maths, University Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Dall (Weijers) Tessica Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Material University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Deenapanray Sanju Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of physical Sciences and Engineering Deshmukh Rajeev Mr IP Australia Patent Examination

114 Devine Natasha Ms Australian National Optical Sciences Group University Du Sichao Mr Australian National EME University Elliman Robert Professor Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Faunce Thomas Dr Australian National College of Law and Medical School University Fletcher Neville Professor Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Francis Emma Miss IP Australia Fraser Michael Mr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Freeman Darren Mr Australian National Laser Physics Centre University Fu Lan Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Gao Qiang Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Gardner Ian Associate Defence Occupational and Environmental Professor Medicine Gareso Paulus Mr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Giulian Raquel Mrs Australian National Electronic Materials Engineering University Glover Chris Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Glushenkov Alexey Mr Australian National Elecromaterials Engineering University Haberl Bianca Miss Australian National EME University Hackett Suanne Ms Invest Australia Howard Shaun Mr Australian National Department of Applied Maths, University Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Hsieh Andy Shang- Mr Australian National EME Yuan University Hu Julia Ms IP Australia Humphrey Mark Professor Australian National Department of Chemistry University Hussain Zohair Mr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Jagadish Chennupati Professor Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Johannessen Bernt Mr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering,

115 Jolley Greg Mr Australian National EME University Joyce Hannah Miss Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering Kang Jung Hyun Mr Australian National EME University Kluth Patrick Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineerring Kluth Susan Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineerring

Lakshmanas Raghuveeras Mr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials amy amy University Engineering Li Bill Dr Australian National EME University Li Wen Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering Li Qing Dr Australian National EME University Luther- Barry Professor Australian National Department of Laser Physics Centre, Davies University Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Lysevych Mykhaylo Mr Australian National Electronic Materials Engineering University Mackinnon Ian Dr Australian Research Engineering and environmental Council Sciences McKerracher Ian Mr Australian National Deaprtment of Electronic Materials University Engineering Mitchell Jonathon Mr Australian National Engineering University Mokkapati Sudha Ms Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering. Nawaz Muhammad Mr Australian National EME University Oliver David Mr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Paiman Suriati Mrs Australian National EME University Pas Steven Dr Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority Petravic Mladen Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University and Engineering, Research School of physical Sciences and Engineering

Prasad Amarita Miss Australian National Laser Physics Centre University Qin Qinghua Prof Australian National Department of Engineering University Ramdutt Devin Mr Australian National Space Plasma University

116 Ridgway Mark Dr Australian National Deaprtment of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Rixon Peter Mr Parliament of Australia Defence & Disaster Management Reserach Analyst Rode Andrei Dr Australian National Department Laser Physics Centre, University Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering,

Ruan Yinlan Dr Australian National Department of Laser Physics Centre, University Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering

Samoc Anna Dr Australian National Department of Laser Physics Centre, University Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Samoc Marek Dr Australian National Department of Laser Physics Centre, University Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Sheppard Adrian Dr Australian National Applied Maths University Sprouster David Mr Australian National Electronic Materials Engineering University Stewart Kallista Ms Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Talanina Irina Dr Australian National University Tan Hark Hoe Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Weckert John Professor Australian National Centre for Applied Philosophy and University Public Ethics Weigold Erich Prof Australian National AMPL University Wilkinson Andrew Mr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Williams James Professor Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Wong-Leung Jennifer Dr Australian National Department of Electronic Materials University Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Xu Wen Dr Australian National PRL University Yu Jun Mrs Australian National EME University Zhang Hongzhou Dr Australian National EME University

117 New South Wales Surname First Name Title Institution Department

Allan Jeremy Mr WorkCover NSW Hazard Management Group Chemical Engineering and Amal Rose Professor University of New South Wales Industrial Chemistry

Aminorroaya Sima Ms University of Wollongong Faculty of Engineering Ams Martin Mr Macquarie University Department of Physics Electrical Engineering and Angus Susan Ms University of New South Wales Telecommunications Intelligent Polymer Antiohos Dennis Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute Institute of Nanoscale Arnold Matthew Dr University of Technology Sydney Technology Institute of Materials & Arrachart Guilhem Dr ANSTO Engineering Sciences

Arredondo- School of Materials Science Arechavala Miryam Miss University of New South Wales and Engineering

ARC Centre of Excellence Ashraf Syed Aziz Dr University of Wollongong for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Atkinson Kaylene Ms University of Wollongong Research Institute Department of Chemical Bali Rosa Ms University of Sydney Engineering

School of Materials Bandyapadhyay Sri Dr University of New South Wales Sciences and Engineering School of Mathematics and Baowan Duangkamon Miss University of Wollongong Applied Statistics

Bartlett John Dr University of Western Sydney School of Natural Sciences Barton Christopher Dr CSIRO Industrial Physics Bell Laurence Mr UNSW School of Physics Bell Jennifer Miss University of Sydney School of Physics School of Mechanical Bhatta Hemant Dr University of New South Wales Engineering Bikram Shakya Mr University of Sydney Chemical Engineering University of Technology, Institute of Nanoscale Blaber Martin Mr Sydney Technology

Boecking Till Dr not at UNSW Optoelectronics Department School of Maths and Applied Brew James Mr University of Wollongong Statistics Materials and Science Burkhard Raguse Dr CSIRO Engineering Bursill Robert Dr University of New South Wales School of Physics

118 Butcher K. Scott Dr Macquarie University Department of Physics Cameron Fiona Dr CSIRO Nanotechnology Centre

ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Campbell Toni Dr University of Wollongong IPRI Carter Chris Dr Davies Collison Cave Carter Damien Dr The University of Sydney School of Physics School of Electrical Cassidy Maja Ms University of New South Wales Engineering Intelligent Polymer Causley Jennifer Miss University of Wollongong Research Institute NANO-MNRF Electron Ceguerra Anna Ms University of Sydney Microsope Unit School of Mathematics and Chan Yue Mr The University of wollongong Applied Statistics

ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Associate Intelligent Polymer Chee Too Professor University of Wollongong Research Institute Chen Patrick Mr Macquarie University Department of Physics Intelligent Polymer Chen Jun Dr University of Wollongong Research Institute Cheng Zhenxiang Dr University of Wollongong Engineering School of Materials Science Cheng Ching-Jung University of New South Wales and Engineering

Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials; Chew Sau Yen Ms University of Wollongong Faculty of Engineering Chin Yiing Leong Mr The University of Sydney School of Chemistry

Institute for Superconducting Chou Shulei Mr University of Wollongong & Electronic Materials Telecommunications and Chow Edith Dr CSIRO Industrial Physics Ciampi Simone Mr University of New South Wales School of Chemistry Clark Robert Professor Uinversity of New South Wales Department of Physics Coleman Victoria Dr National Measurement Institute

School of Chemical Coleman Heather Dr UNSW Sciences and Engineering Institute for Nanoscale Cortie Michael Professor University of Technology Sydney Technology Mathematical and Physical Cotton Daniel Mr University of Newcastle Sciences Coutts David A/Prof Macquarie University Department of Physics School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, Cox Barry Mr University of Wollongong Nanomechanics Group

119 School of Mathematics and Cox Grant Dr University of Wollongong Applied Statistics Cui Xiangyuan Dr University of Sydney School of Physics Curson Neil Dr University of New South Wales School of Physics

D'Alessandro Deanna Dr The University of Sydney School of Chemistry Institute of Materials and Darwish Tamim Dr ANSTO Engineering Science

Das Arulsamy Andrew Mr University of Sydney School of Physics Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Dastoor Paul A/Prof University of Newcastle information Technology Associate Dawes Judith Professor Macquarie University Department of Physics Intelligent Polymer Dechakiatkrai Chonlada Miss University of Wollongong Research Institute

ARC Centre of Excellence Dennany Lynn Dr University of Wollongong for Electromaterials Science

ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Desai Satyen Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute Di Maio Isabelle Dr University of Technology Sydney Health Dept School of English Associate Literatures, Philosophy and Dodds Susan Professor University of Wollongong Languages Intelligent Polymer Dore Matthew Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute Department of Applied Physics, Dowd Annette Dr University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Science Duriavig Juan Pablo Mr ANSTO Bragg Institute School of Electrical Associate Engineering & Dzurak Andrew Professor University of New South Wales Telecommunications Eggleton Benjamin Professor University of Sydney School of Physics Centre for Quantum Escott Christopher Mr UNSW Computer Technology Ferguson Andrew Dr UNSW CQCT, School of Physics Fernades Alanna Miss Macquarie University Department of Physics Nicholas Florin Haley Mr University of Sydney Chemical Engineering University of Technology, Foley Matthew Mr Sydney Microstructural Analysis Unit Associate Institute for Nanoscale Ford Mike Professor University of Technology Sydney Technology Intelligent Polymer Foroughi Javad Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute

120 Department of Mechanical Friend James Dr Monash University Engineering Fronzi Marco Mr University of Sydney Physics Gal Michael Professor University of New South Wales Department of Physics ARC Centre for Functional Gan Wee Yong Mr UNSW Nanomaterials School of Engineering Gao Feng Dr University of Wollongong Physics and ISEM

ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Gestos Adrian Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute Intelligent Polymer Gilmore Kerry June Dr University of Wollongong Research Institute Goldstein Daniel Mr The University of Sydney School of Chemistry Associate Goldys Ewa Professor Macquarie University Department of Physics Gooding John Dr University of New South Wales Department of Chemistry Granero Alberto Mr University of Wollongong School of Chemistry

Gustavsson Magnus Mr University of Wollongong IPRI The Electron Microscope Haley Daniel Mr The University of Sydney Unit Associate Hamilton Alex Professor University New South Wales Department of Physics Department of Chemical Harris Andrew Dr University of Sydney Engineering Institute for Nanoscale Harris Nadine Mrs University of Technology Sydney Technology

Herrmann Jan Dr CSIRO Industrial Physics Intelligent Polymer Higgins Michael Dr University of Wollongong Research Institute Intelligent Polymer Higgins Thomas Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute School of Mathematics and Hilder Tamsyn Miss University of Wollongong Applied Statistics School of Mathematics and Hill James Professor University of Wollongong Applied Statistics Institute for Nanoscale Hoft Rainer Mr University of Technology Sydney Technology Centre for Quantum Hudson Fay Dr University of New South Wales Computer Technology Ilyas Suhrawardi Mr University of New South Wales School of Physics

Chemistry, Intelligent in het Panhui Marc Dr University of Wollongong Polymer Research Institute Intelligent Polymer Innis Peter Dr University of Wollongong Research Institute James Michael A/Prof ANSTO Bragg Institute Joyce Adam Mr Macquarie University Physics 121 Kane Deborah Professor Macquarie University Department of Physics Kilian Kristopher Mr UNSW School of Chemistry Associate Department of Math & Phys King Bruce Professor University of Newcastle Sciences Klochan Oleh Dr UNSW Physics

Konstantinov Konstantin Dr University of Wollongong ISEM ARC Centre for Functional Kydd Richard Mr University of New South Wales Nanomaterials School of Chemical Lai Leo Ming Hei Mr UNSW Sciences Lamb Robert Professor University New South Wales School of Chemistry Larsen Allan Godsk Dr University of Sydney School of Chemistry Lawn Malcolm Mr National Measurement Institute CUDOS Dept of Lasers & Lee Andrew Mr Macquarie University Applications Lee Sai Ho Mr University of Sydney Chemistry Associate School of Engineering Lewis Roger Professor University of Wollongong Physics Intelligent Polymer Li Dan Dr University of Wollongong Research Institute

School of Chemical Lim May Dr University of New South Wales Sciences and Engineering Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computer Lim Wee Han Mr University of New South Wales Technology School of Material Science Lin Xuehan Lin University of New South Wales and Engineering Liss Klaus-Dieter Dr ANSTO Bragg Institute Little Shannon Mr University of Wollongong IPRI

ARC Centre of Excellence Liu Hua Kun Professor University of Wollongong for Electromaterials Science

Chemistry, Intelligent Liu Yong Mr University of Wollongong Polymer Research Institute Liu Jun Miss University of Sydney Chemical Engineering Liu Zongwen Dr The University of Sydney Electron Microscop Unit Centre for Advanced Liu Jingquan Dr UNSW Macromolecular Design Intelligent Polymer Lobato Larios Salvador Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute Loh Nicholas Mr ANSTO Bragg Institute Centre for Quantum Lowe Graeme Mr University of New South Wales Computer Technology Intelligent Polymer Lowe Troy Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute Intelligent Polymer Lynam Carol Dr University of Wollongong Research Institute

122 Department of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mectronic Ma Ida Wen Jie Miss University of Sydney Engineering Institute of Nanoscale University of Technology, Technology and Physics Maaroof Abbas Dr Sydney and Advanced Materials Institute of Nanoscale Maclurcan Don Mr University of Technology Sydney Technology

Maddocks Andrew Mr University of Sydney Chemical Engineering

Australian Key Centre for Marceau Ross Mr The University of Sydney Microscopy & Microanalysis Intelligent Polymer Marshall David Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute Associate Department of Health Martin Donald Professor University of Technology Sydney Sciences Martin Theodore Dr Universtiy of New South Wales School of Physics

Masdarolomoor Fatemeh Mrs University of Wollongong Intelligent Research Institute

Mathieson Grant Dr ANSTO Bragg Institute School of Mathematics & Matthews Miccal Dr University of Wollongong applied Statistics

Mazurkiewicz Jakub Mr University of Wollongong IPRI

McCamey Dane Mr University of New South Wales School of Physics

ARC Centre of Excellence McGovern Scott Mr University of Wollongong for Electromaterials Science Reimers Research Group, McKemmish Laura Ms University of Sydney Chemistry Information and McMahon Christopher Mr Macquarie University Communication Sciences Micolich Adam Dr Unviversity of New South Wales School of Physics College of Health and Milev Adriyan Dr University of Western Sydney Science Intelligent Polymer Minett Andrew Dr University of Wollongong Research Institute ARC Centre of Excellence The University of New South for Quantum Computer Morello Andreas Dr Wales Technology

Mottaghitalab Vahid Mr University of Wollongong IPRI Intelligent Polymer Moulton Simon Dr University of Wollongong Research Institute

IPRI ARC Centre of Excellence Mueller Benjamin Mr University of Wollongong for Electromaterial Science 123 Muller Karl-Heinz Dr CSIRO Industrial Physics Murphy Anthony Dr CSIRO Industrial Physics Nelson Andrew Dr ANSTO Bragg Institute Neto Chiara Dr University of Sydney School of Chemistry Associate Newbury Richard Professor University of New South Wales Department of Physics

Institute for Superconducting Ng See How Mr University of Wollongong & Electronic Materials Ng Albert Mr University of New South Wales School of Chemistry

ARC Centre of Excellence Ngamna Orawan Ms University of Wollongong for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Nguyen Tuan Anh Dr University of Wollongong Research Institute Nguyen Cuong Dr CSIRO Nanotechnology Centre School of Mathematical and O'Connor John Professor University of Newcastle Physical Sciences O'Donnell Kane Mr University of Newcastle Physics School of Engineering O'Dwyer Mark Mr University of Wollongong Physics

ARC Centre of Excellence Ounnunkad Suriya Mr University of Wollongong for Electromaterials Science School of Mathematics & Padukka Nilmini Mrs University of Wollongong Applied Statistics Intelligent Polymer Panda Dillip Kumar Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute

ARC Centre of Excellence Park Min Sik Mr University of Wollongong for Electromaterials Science ISEM, Faculty of Peleckis Germanas Dr University of Wollongong Engineering Peterson Vanessa Dr ANSTO Bragg Institute Peterson Joshua Mr The University of Sydney School of Chemistry Associate Phillips Matthew Professor Sydney University of Technology Microscopy Analysis Unit School of Materials Science Photongkam Pat Mr University of New South Wales and Engineering Saeid School of Engineering Pilehrood Hessami Mr University of Wollongong Physics The Institute for Nanoscale Pissuwan Dakrong Ms University of Technology Sydney Technology Centre for Quantum Pok Wilson Mr University of New South Wales Computer Technology Prasad Shiva Mr University of Sydney School of Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Associate Australia Centre for Price William Professor University of Wollongong Electromaterials Science School of Materials Science Qiu Qiao Yu Mr University of New South Wales and Engineering

124 ARC Centre of Excellence Ralph Stephen Dr University of Wollongong for Electromaterials Science Razal Joselito Dr University of Wollongong IPRI Read Marlene Dr University of New South Wales School of Physics Reimers Jeffrey Dr The University of Sydney School of Chemistry Centre For Quantum Computer Technology, Reusch Thilo Dr UNSW School of Physics Associate Electron Microscope Unit & Ringer Simon Professor University of Sydney Nano-MNRF Mehrdad Intelligent Polymer Samani Bahrami Dr University of Wollongong Research Institute School of Materials Science Samudrala Saritha Mrs University of New South Wales and Engineering Department of Telecommunications & Savvides Nick Dr CSIRO Industrial Physics

Scappucci Giordano Dr UNSW School of Physics School of Mathematical and Schofield Steven Dr The University of Newcastle Physical Sciences School of Mechanical Sedlak Milena Ms University of New South Wales Engineering See Chee Howe Mr University of Sydney Chemical Engineering

ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Sherrell Peter Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute Shoko Elvis Mr University of Sydney School of Physics Simmons Michelle Professor University of New South Wales Department of Physics School of Mathematical and Sirois Kathleen Ms University of Newcastle Physical Sciences Institute of Materials Smith Kath Dr ANSTO Engineering Assoc School of Materials Science Song Quansheng Prof/ Dr UNSW and Engineering Condensed Matter Theory Soon Aloysius Mr University of Sydney Group Electron Microscope Unit, Stadtmueller Lisa Mrs The University of Sydney AKCM&M/NANO-MNRF Stampfl Catherine Professor University of Sydney Department of Physics Associate Stevens-Kalceff Marion Professor University of New South Wales Department of Physics Intelligent Polymer Stevenson Grace Miss University of Wollongong Research Institute Sun Jinjun Mr Macquarie University Department of Physics

125 ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Sweetman Luke Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute

School of materials Tam Wai Man Mr University of New south Wales Sciences and Engineering Centre for Quantum Tan Kuan Yen Mr University of New South Wales Computer Technology Taylor Tony Dr ANSTO Bragg Institute School of Mathematics and Thamwattana Ngamta Dr University of Wollongong Applied Statistics Intelligent Polymer Thompson Brianna Ms University of Wollongong Research Institute Thomsen Lars Dr University of Newcastle Department of Physics

Thordarson Pall Dr The University of Sydney School of Chemistry School of Mathematics and Tillman Pei Dr University of Wollongong Applied Statistics Tong Katie Ms University of Sydney School of Chemistry Toomey Joshua Mr Macquarie University Department of Physics

Tsekouras George Mr not at University of Wollongong Department of Chemistry Twamley Jason Professor Macquarie University Physics Department School of Materials Science Valanoor Nagarajan Dr University of New South Wales and Engineering

School of Materials Varatharajan Anbusathaiah Mr University of New South Wales Sciences and Engineering Institute for Environmental Wacklin Hanna Dr ANSTO Research Intelligent Polymer Wallace Gordon Professor University of Wollongong Research Institute

Wang Caiyun Dr University of Wollongong Intelligent Polymer Institute

Institute for Superconducting Wang Guoxiu Dr University of Wollongong & Electronic Materials Wang Jiazhao Dr University of Wollongong ISEM Intelligent Polymer Whitten Philip Dr University of Wollongong Research Institute School of Materials Science Wicks Samantha Ms University of New South Wales and Engineering

Wieczorek Lech Mr CSIRO TIP Centre for Quantum Willems van Computer Technology, Beveren Laurens Dr UNSW School of Physics Wilson Michael Professor University of Western Sydney Health and Science

126 Wintrebert-Fouquet Marie Dr Macquarie University Department of Physics Withford Michael Dr Macquarie University Department of Physics Wohlthat Soren Mr The University of Sydney School of Chemistry Institute for Environmental Wong Elicia Dr not at ANSTO research The University of New South School of Materials Science Wong Kenneth Mr Wales and Engineering School of Engineering Wright Anthony Mr University of Wollongong Physics Intelligent Polymer Wu Yanzhe Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute Mathematics and Applied Wu Bisheng Mr University of Wollongong Statistics Intelligent Polymer Xi Binbin Ms University of Wollongong Research Institute Intelligent Polymer Research Xiao Liu Ms Institute Chemical

Department of Physics, Division of Information and Xie Fang Ms Macquarie University Communication Sciences Institute for Nanoscale Xu Xiaoda Mr University of Technology Sydney Technology Yang Wenrong Dr UNSW School of Chemistry School of Engineering Yao Qiwen Mr University of Wollongong Physics Yin Shiwei Dr not at- University of Sydney School of Chemistry Institute for Environmental Yun Seok Il Dr ANSTO Research School of Material Science Zaeni Akhmad Mr UNSW and Engineering School of Materials Science Zeng Qinghua Dr University of New South Wales and Engineering Associate Department of Engineering Zhang Chao Professor University of Wollongong Physics Intelligent Polymer Zhang Weimin Mr University of Wollongong Research Institute Zhao Zheng Wei Mr University of Wollongong IPRI Zheng Rongkun Dr University of Sydney Electron Microscope Unit

School of Mechanical and Zimmerman Raul Mr University of New South Wales Manufacturing Engineering

Northern Territory

School of Engineering and Charles Darwin Singh Jai Professor Logisticss University,

127

Victoria Surname First Name Title Institution Department Aharonovich Igor Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Al-Mashat Laith Mr RMIT University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ang Joo Chew Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Angelatos Alexandra Ms University of Melbourne Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Arsat Rashidah Ms RMIT School of Electrical & Computer Engineering Atkinson Ken Mr CSIRO Biomedical and Nano Textiles Bastow Tim Professor CSIRO Manufacturing Baxter Gregory Professor Victoria University Optical Technology Research Laboratory Becker Alisa Miss The University of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne Bell Toby Dr Univesity of Melbourne School of Chemistry - Bio21 Institute Bhargava Suresh Professor RMIT University School of Applied Chemistry Bhaskaran Madhu Miss RMIT University Microelectronics and Materials Technology Centre School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bieske Evan Associate University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Professor Binks Peter Dr Nanotechnology Victoria Ltd Blencowe Anton + The University of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne Boskovic Sasha Mr University of Melbourne Department of Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology Bowman Diana Dr Monash University Law Breedon Michael Mr RMIT University School of Electrical & Computer Engineering Applied Physics Dept Budi Akin Dr RMIT University Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences Campitelli Andrew Dr MiniFAB Caruso Frank Professor University of Melbourne Chemical and Bio Eng Caruso Rachel Dr University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Cavalieri Francesca Dr University of Melbourne Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Chae Dong Wook Dr CSIRO Textile & Fabric Technology Chen Zhengfei Mr CSIRO Molecular and Helath Technologies Chick Brendan Mr Swinburne University of Centre for Micro-Photonics James Technology Choi Kyongsik Dr Swinburne University Centre for Micro-Photonics Chon James Dr Swinburne University of Centre for Microphotonics Technology Cimmino Alberto Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Cole Jared Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Collins Stephen Associate Victoria University Optical Technology Research Laboratory, Professor Department of Electrical Engineering Connal Luke Dr The University of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne

128 Conrad Vince Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Cortez Christina Miss University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Davis Tim Dr CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology

Davis Jeffrey Dr Swinburne University Centre for Atom Optics and Ultrafast Spectroscopy Dhawan Deepak Mr RMIT University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Doherty Cara Ms CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies Draganski Martin Mr RMIT University Department of Applied Physics Drisko Glenna Lynn Ms University of Melbourne Chemistry Drumm Daniel Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Drummond Calum Professor CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies Duriska Martin Mr Monash University School of Chemistry Fairchild Barbara Ms University of Melbourne Physics Faulkner Mike Prof Victoria University Centre for Telecommunications and Microelectronics Fechete Alexandru Mr RMIT University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Finlayson Trevor A/Prof University of Melbourne School of Physics Finn Niall Dr CSIRO Biomedical & Nano Textiles Fitrio David Mr Victoria University Department of Electrical Engineering Fowler Austin Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Fraser Scott Mr CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies Funston Alison Dr University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Ganesan Kumar Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Gao Dachao Dr CSIRO CMIT Gao Yuan Dr CSIRO Textile and fibre Technology Garner Jennifer Ms Nanovic Gasser Gilles Dr Monash University School of Chemistry Ghiggino Ken Prof University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Goh Tor Kit Mr The University of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne Gomez Daniel Mr University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Gooding Ann Ms University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Gras Sally Dr University of Melbourne Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Greentree Andrew Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Gu Min Professor Swinburne University of School of Biophysical Sciences and Technology Electrical Engineering Hale Penny Dr La Trobe University Department of Physics Halstead Barry Mr La Trobe University Department of Physics Hapgood Karen Dr Monash University Chemical Engineering Hartley Patrick Dr CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies Hawkins Stephen Dr CSIRO Biomedical & Nano Textiles Hearne Sean Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Hill Anita Dr University of ARC Centre for Nanostructured Wollongong Electromaterials Intelligent Polymer Research Institute Hill Matthew Dr CSIRO Manufacturing & Materials Technology Ho Daniel Mr Monash University Materials Engineering Hoadley James Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Hodge Graeme Prof Monash University Law

129 Holland Anthony Dr RMIT University Microelectronics and Materials Technology Centre School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hollenberg Lloyd Associate University of Melbourne School of Physics Professor Hope Gregory Professor Griffith University Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre

Hopf Toby Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Huang Fuzhi Mr The University of School of Chemistry Melbourne Huntington Shane Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Huntington Shane Dr University of Melbourne Department of Physics Huynh Chi Ms CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology James Diana Dr La Trobe University Department of Physics Jamieson David Professor University of Melbourne School of Physics Jasieniak Jacek Mr University of Melbourne Department of Chemistry Jesson David Professor Monash University School of Physics Jia Baohua Dr Swinburne University of Centre for Microphotonics Technology Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences Johnson Brett Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Johnston Angus Dr University of Melbourne Department of Chemical Interfaces and Materials Group Kalantar- Kourosh Dr RMIT University School of Electrical and Computer zadeh Engineering Kandasamy Gajendran Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Kandasamy Sasikaran Mr RMIT School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kemeny Peter Dr Kemeny Consulting Consulting Keough Shannon Mr DSTO Maritime Platforms Division Khoshmanes Khashayar Mr Deakin University Engineering and IT h King Peter Dr CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering King David Dr CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology Kinnane Cameron Mr The University of Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Melbourne Engineering Kowalczyk Piotr Dr RMIT University Applied Physics Kratzer Terence Mr CSIRO CSIRO, Manufacturing and Infrastructure technology Lauw Yansen Dr CSIRO Minerals Interfacial/Surface Chemistry Lay Matthew Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Lee Lillian Miss University of Melbourne Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Lees Emma Ms University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Leung Melissa Miss The University of Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Melbourne Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Li Qi Ms University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Li Jiafang Mr Swinburne University of Centre for Micro-Photonics Technology

130 Li Xiangping Mr Swinburne University of Centre for Micro-Photonics Technology Li Jingliang Dr Swinburne University of Centre for Micro-Photonics Technology Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Science Lim Jiufu Mr University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Lin Tong Dr Deakin University School of Engineering and Technology Lin Tong Dr Deakin University Centre for Material and Fibre Innovation Liu Amelia Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Livingston Peter Mr Swinburne University of Industrial Research Institute of Swinburne Technology Loo Poay Thiam Mr CSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology Looney Mark Dr University of Melbourne Scool of Chemistry Ludlow Karinne Dr Monash University Centre for regulatory Studies Faculty of Law Luo Yonggang Dr Deakin University School of Engineering and Information Technology MacFarlane Douglas Professor University of Monash Department of Chemistry Makin Melissa Mrs University of Melbourne School of Physics Martini Berin Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Mashford Ben Mr University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Mayo Sheridan Dr CSIRO MIT McCallum Jeffrey Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Menzies Donna Ms CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies Miles John Dr National Measurement Institute Miller Peter Dr CSIRO MIT Morgans Rick Dr CSIRO Manufacturing Infrastructure Technology Muddle Barry Prof Monash University Materials Engineering Muir Benjamin Dr CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies Mulvaney Paul Professor University of Melbourne Department of Chemistry Naebe Minoo Ms Deakin University Centre for Material and Fibre Innovation Faculty of Science and Technology Nasabi Mahyar Mr RMIT University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Neufeld Aaron Dr CSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology Neumann Daniel Dr CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products Nguyen Tich-Lam Dr University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Nicolau Dan Professor Swinburne University of Industrial Research Institute Technology Nicoletti Elisa Ms Swinburne University of Centre for Micro-Photonics Technology Niu Haitao Mr Deakin University Faculty of Science and Technology Novo Carolina Ms University of Melbourne Chemistry Department Nuhiji Edin Mr The University of School of Chemistry Melbourne Nyberg Graeme Dr La Trobe University Chemistry Ochs Christopher Mr The University of Centre for Nanoscience and Melbourne Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Olivero Paulo Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics 131 Orbons Shannon Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Orwa Julius Dr University of Melbourne Microanalytical Research Centre, School of Physics Otsuka Paul Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Pace Peter Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Pacifico Jessica Dr The University of School of Chemistry Melbourne Pakes Chris Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Palmer Lauren Ms University of Melbourne Chemistry School Pannirselvam Muthukumara Mr RMIT University School of Civil, Environmental and swamy Chemical Engineering Peng Ping Dr CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies Petersen Alan Prof Monash University School of Political and Social Inquiry Pigram Paul Associate La Trobe University Centre for Materials and Surface Science Professor and Department of Physics Piper David Mr La Trobe University Department of Physics Polonski Vitali Dr CSIRO Division of Telecommunications & Industrial Physics Polyzos Anastasios Dr CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies Ponomarenk Olena Dr University of Melbourne Physics o Postma Almar Dr University of Melbourne Cantre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Potzner Christian Mr University of Melbourne School of Chemistry Prawer Steven Professor University of Melbourne School of Physics Premaratne Malin Dr Monash University Electrical & Computer system Engineering

Pringle Jenny Dr Monash University Department of Materials Engineering Puscasu Ruslan Mr Swinburn University Centre for Molecular Simulation Pyke Daniel Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Qasim Hasan Mr RMIT University Sensor Technology Lab Qiao Greg Dr University of Melbourne Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Quinn Anthony Dr University of Melbourne Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rabeau James Dr Macquarie University Department of Physics Rengarajan Balaji Dr RMIT University School of Applied Sciences Riley John Professor La Trobe University Department of Physics Rubanov Sergey Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Russo Salvy Associate RMIT University Department of Applied Physics Professor Sadek Abu Zafar Mr RMIT University School of Electrical & Computer Engineering Saito Kei Dr Monash University Centre for Green Chemistry Sawant Prashant Dr Swinburne University of BioNano Engineering Lab Technology Sears Kallista Dr CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology Biotextile Selomulya Cordelia Dr Monash University Chemical Engineering Shafiei Mahnaz Ms RMIT University Sensor Technology Lab Singh Jugdutt Professor Victoria University Centre for Telecommunications and Microscopy Sivakumar Sri Dr University of Melbourne Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

132 Sivan Vijay Mr RMIT University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Smith Trevor Dr University of Melbourne Department of Chemistry Smith Lisa Ms University of Melbourne Chemistry school Smith Shaun Dr CSIRO Biomedical and Nano Textiles Sood Dinesh Professor RMIT University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Spencer Michelle Dr RMIT University Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences Spiccia Leone Professor Monash University School of Chemistry Spinks Geoffrey Professor University of Intelligent PolymerResearch Institute Wollongong Spizzirri Paul Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Sriram Sharath Mr RMIT University Microelectronics and Materials Technology Centre School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Starling Tim Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Stavrias Nikolas Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Stephens Ashley Mr The University of ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum Melbourne Computer Technology School of Physics Stevenson Andrew Dr CSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology Stojanov Petar Mr La Trobe University Centre for Materials and Surface Science Stojcevski Aleksander Dr Victoria University School of Electrical Engineering Su Chun-Hsu Mr The University of ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum Melbourne Computer Technology Subramanian Priya Ms Monash University School of Chemistry Sutti Alessandra Miss University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Suzuki Kiyonori Dr Monash University Department of Materials Engineering Swiegers Gerry Dr Ian Wark Laboratories ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Tamayan Astghik Mrs University of Melbourne School of Physics Tamayan Grigori Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Tan Joy Miss RMIT School of Electrical & Computer Engineering Taskinen Lasse Dr University of New School of Physics South Wales Tegart Greg Professor Victoria University Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Testoline Matthew Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Tettamanzi Giuseppe Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Carlo Tjipto Elvira Ms University of Melbourne Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Trajkov Elizabeth Ms University of Melbourne School of Physics Tran Thuy Dr CSIRO MIT Truong Van-Tan Dr DSTO Maritime Platforms Division Truong Yen Dr CSIRO Textile and Fibre Technology Tsuzuki Takuya Dr Deakin University Centre for Material and Fibre Innovation Turney Terry Dr Monash University ARC Centre for Green Chemistry Usher Brian Associate La Trobe University Department of Electronic Engineering Professor

133 Veljanovski Ronny Dr Victoria University Centre for Telecommunications and Microelectronics & Optical Technology Research Laboratory Vibhute Vidyadhar Mr Victoria University Department of Electrical Engineering Villis Byron Mr University of Melbourne School of Physics Wang Yajun Dr University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Wang Xingdong Ms The University of School of Chemistry Melbourne Wang Hongxia Mrs Deakin University Centre for Material and Fibre Innovation Faculty of Science and Technology Wearne Phil Mr The University of Chemistry Melbourne Weber Stephen Mr Swinburne University of School of Biophysical Sciences and Technology Electrical Engineering, Centre for Micro- Photonics Wellard Cameron Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Wilkins Stephen Dr CSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology Wilson Alan Dr DSTO Maritime Platforms Division Wlodarski Wojtek Professor RMIT University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wu Jing Ms Swinburne University of School of Biophysical Sciences and Technology Electrical Engineering Yang Changyi Dr University of Melbourne School of Physics Yap Heng Pho Mr University of Melbourne Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yeo Leslie Dr Monash University Department of Mechanical Engineering Zelikin Alexander Dr The University of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Melbourne Zhang Chen Mr RMIT University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Zheng Haidong Mr RMIT University School of Electrical & Computer (Rick) Engineering Zhou Guangyong Dr Swinburne University of School of Biophysical Sciences and Technology Electrical Engineering Zijlstra Peter Mr Swinburne University of Centre for Micro-Photonics Technology Zoontjens Peter Mr RMIT (as of Feb 08) Applied Physics

134

Queensland First Surname Name Title Department Institution Armbrust Lee Mr School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences Griffith University Babic Bakir Dr AIBN University of Queensland Barnsley Lester Mr Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre Griffith University Battersby Scott Mr ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Bell Craig Mr Nanotechnology University of Queensland A/Profes Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre, Bernhardt Debra sor School of Science Griffith University School of Information Technology and Electrical Bertling Karl Mr Engineering University of Queensland Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre, Blach Tomasz Dr School of Science Griffith University School of Physical Science, Soft Condensed Matter Physics Group & Centre for Biophotonics Blake David Mr & Laser Science University of Queensland Samanth Bothe a Miss ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Bothma Jacques Mr Physics University of Queensland Boyd Sue Dr School of Science Griffith University Christoph Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre, Brown er Dr School of Science Griffith University Fionnual Buckley a Mrs School of Science Griffith University Jesse Chih- Information Technology and Electrical Chan Sheng Mr Engineering University of Queensland Chaustowski Rene Mr Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis University of Queensland Ching Cheng Yuan Mr Division of Chemical Engineering University of Queensland Sam Cho Young Dr School of Physical Sciences University of Queensland Cooper Steven Dr Department of Physics University of Queensland Corrie Simon Mr Chemistry University of Queensland Cunning Benjamin Mr School of Science Griffith University Dexter Annette Dr Centre for Biomolecular Engineering University of Queensland Dimitrijev Sima Professor School of Microelectronic Engineering Griffith University Ronggan Ding g Mr ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland The University of Ding Tao Mr Centre for Biomolecular Engineering Queensland Dobson John Professor Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre Griffith University Du Aijun Dr Centre for Computational Molecular Science University of Queensland Duke Mikel Dr ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Vicky- Ellis June Ms School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences Griffith University Fernee Mark Dr Department of Physics University of Queensland Queensland University of Fredericks Peter A/Prof School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Technology 135 Queensland University of Fuchs Adrian Mr Applied Nanotechnology group Technology Australian Institute for Bioengineering and George Peter Mr Nanotechnology (AIBN) University of Queensland Queensland University of Gesche Astrid Dr School of Humanities and Human Services Technology Gilmore Joel Dr Department of Physics University of Queensland Gould Tim Dr Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre Griffith University Associat e Gray Evan Professor Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre Griffith University ARC Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials Gu Zi Miss AIBN University of Queensland Guo Yanan Mr School of Engineering University of Queensland Hamilton Edith Ms Chemical Engineering University of Queensland Han Jisheng Dr School of Microelectronic Engineering Griffith University Harrison H B Professor School of Microelectronic Engineering Griffith University Hartmann Belinda Miss Centre for Biomolecular Engineering University of Queensland Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Hines Michael Mr Chemical Engineering Nanotechnology Hogarth Warren Mr ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Huang Han Dr School of Engineering University of Queensland Jacko Anthony Mr Physics University of Queensland Jin Xin Ms ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Yonggan Jin g Mr ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Johnston Peter A/Prof Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre Griffith University ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Jurcakova Denisa Dr Nanomaterials University of Queensland Klaysom Chalida Miss ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Kumar Anil Dr Department of Chemical Engineering University of Queensland ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional The University of Ladewig Bradley Dr Nanomaterials Queensland Li Li Mr ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Lim Melvin Mr Division of Chemical Engineering University of Queensland School of Information Technology and Electrical Lim Yah Leng Mr Engineering University of Queensland Lipin Daniel Mr Chemical Engineering University of Queensland Lu Max Professor ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Albert Information Technology and Electrical Lu Wei-Chih Mr engineering University of Queensland School of Information Technology and Electrical Majewski Marion Dr Engineering University of Queensland Malcolm Andrew Mr Chemical Engineering University of Queensland McKenzie Ross Professor Department of Physics University of Queensland Meehan Timothy Mr Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis University of Queensland Mereddy Ram Dr ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Meredith Paul Dr Department of Physics University of Queensland Middelberg Anton Professor Division of Chemical Engineering University of Queensland Milburn Gerard Professor School of Physical Science University of Queensland Mostert Bernard Mr Department of Physics University of Queensland 136 Queensland University of Motta Nunzio Prof Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering Technology Queensland University of Musumeci Anthony Mr Chemistry Technology Myhra Sverre Dr School of Science/Dept of Materials Science Griffith University Nguyen Thanh Dr School of Engineering University of Queensland Mohanch Paladugu and Mr School of Engineering University of Queensland Paneni Carlo Mr School of Science Griffith University Panjkov Andrej Dr School of Science Griffith University Porazik Katharina Ms ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Powell Ben Dr Department of Physics University of Queensland Aleksand School of Information Technology and Electrical Rakic ar Dr Engineering University of Queensland Riesz Jennifer Ms Physics Department University of Queensland The Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers' Robinson Angus M Mr Future Materials Association Rubinsztein- Dunlop Halina Professor Department of Physics University of Queensland Rufford Thomas Mr School of Engineering University of Queensland Schiller Tara Ms School of Physical and Chemical Sciences QUT Schwenn Paul Mr Department of Physics University of Queensland Queensland University of Sheehan Timothy Mr Germ Inc Technology Siswati Lestari Miss Chemical Engineering University of Queensland Department for Biophotonics and Laser Smith Bradley Mr Science, Physics Department University of Queensland The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and The University of Smith Sean Prof Nanotechnology Queensland Queensland University of Steinberg Ted A/Prof Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering Technology Stephenson Andrew Mr School of Physical Science University of Queensland Department of Nanoscale Science and Sweatman Denis Dr Technology Griffith University Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Tanksale Akshat Mr Nanotechnology University of Queensland Toth Istram Prof School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences University of Queensland Tran Pierre Dr Centre for Computational Molecular Science University of Queensland ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, Tuyet Thi Tran Anh Ms Chemical Engineering University of Queensland Vos Simon Mr Mechanical Engineering University of Queensland Faculty of Science, School of Physical and Queensland Universtiy of Waclawik Eric Dr Chemical Sciences Technology Wang Lianzhou Dr ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland The University of Wang Yong Dr School of Engineering Queensland Warner Jamie Mr Department of Physics University of Queensland Watling Kym Ms School of Science Griffith University Watson Jolanta Dr School of Science Griffith University Watson Gregory Dr School of Science Griffith University 137 S Watt Andrew Mr Department of Physics University of Queensland

Watts Joshua Mr ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials AIBN University of Queensland Wearing Cameron Dr ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterial University of Queensland Williams Michael Dr School of Science Griffith University Wong Yunyi Ms AIBN University of Queensland Zhi Ping Xu (Gordon) Dr ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Yan Xiaoxia Miss ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials University of Queensland ARC Centre for Functional Nanomateials Yang Huagui Dr AIBN University of Queensland Xiangdon Yao g Dr ARC Centre Funtional Nanomaterials University of Queensland Zhang Xin Dr Chemical Engineering Division University of Queensland Centre for Computational Molecular Science The University of Zhang Hong Dr AIBN Queensland School of Engineering & Centre for Microscopy Zou Jin Dr and Microanalysis University of Queensland Zul Merican Dr Centre for Magnetic Resonance University of Queensland

138 South Australia Surname First Name Title Institution Department School of Electrical & Electronic Abbott Derek Professor University of Adelaide Engineering University of South Absalom Nicholas Mr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute University of South Acres Robert Mr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute Aloia Amanda Ms CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies The University of School of Electrical & Electronics Atakaramians Shagik Mrs Adelaide Engineering University of South Electrical and Information Aziz Mahfuz Dr Australia Engineering Bailey Kelly Ms CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies School of Chemistry, Physics and Barlow Anders Mr Flinders University Earth Science University of South Barnes Timothy Dr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute University of South Benjamin Thierry Dr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute School of Chemistry Physics and Bissett Mark Mr Flinders University Earth Science Burnard Sharon Ms CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies Carver John Professor University of Adelaide School of Chemistry and Physics Candace Chiu University of South Chan Ping Miss Australia Ian Wark Research Institute Clarke David Mr Flinders University SOCPES University of South Cole Martin Mr Australia Ian Wark Institute of Science Cooper Tamara Ms CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies Dawson Richard Mr Flinders University Physical Sciences University of South de los Reyes Massey Ms Australia Ian Wark Research Institute School of Chemistry, Physics and Deslandes Alec Mr Flinders University Earth Sciences School of Chemistry, Physics and Ellis Amanda Dr Flinders University Earth Science University of South Emami Nazanin Dr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute School of Chemistry, Physics and Fairbrother Lintern Flinders University Earth Science School of Chemistry, Physics and Flavel Ben Mr Flinders University Earth Science University of South Ghouchi Eskandar Nasrin Ms Australia Ian Wark Research Institute Glatz Richard Dr CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies Grant Ken Dr DSTO C3I Division/203 Labs Manufacturing And Infrastructure Gredelj Sabina Dr CSIRO Technology University of South Griesser Hans Prof Australia Ian wark Research Institute University of South Electrical and Information Hariz Alex Dr Australia Engineering 139 Manufacturing And Infrastructure Harmer Sarah Dr CSIRO Technology School of Chemistry, Physics and Hoffman Lee Mr Flinders University Earth Sciences University of South Horn Roger Professor Australia Ian Wark Research Institute University of South Jarvis Karyn Ms Australia Ian Wark Research Institute Aravindaraj University of South Kannan Govindaraj Mr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute School of Chemistry, Physics and Khung Yit-Lung Mr Flinders University Earth Sciences University of South Krasowska Marta Dr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute Lal Madan Mr Flinders University Department of Phyics Leifert Wayne Dr CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies Centre for Biomedical Engineering The University of and School of Electrical and Lin Hungyen Mr Adelaide Electronic engineering University of South Losic Dusan Dr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute Lowe Rachel Miss Flinders University SoCPES University of South Majewski Peter Professor Australia Ian Wark Research Institute School of Chemistry, Physics & Earth Mathew Simon Mr Flinders University Sciences School of Chemistry, Physics and McInnes Steven J P Mr Flinders University Earth Sciences University of South Morris Gayle Dr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute School of Chemistry, Physics and Nerush Igor Mr Flinders University Earth Sciences Ngothai Yung Dr Adelaide University Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry, Physics and Nussio Matthew Mr Flinders University Earth Sciences University of South Defence Science & Technology Oermann Ray Mr Australia Organisation (DSTO) University of South Palms Dennis Dr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute University of South Parimi Srinivas Mr Australia IWRI The University of School of Electrical and Electronic Png Gretel Ms Adelaide Engineering Ponnusamy University of South Meenakshisundaram Thirunavukkarasu Mr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute University of South Popescu Mihail Dr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute University of South Prestidge Clive A/Prof Australia Ian Wark Research Institute University of South Priest Craig Dr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute University of South Puah Lee San Ms Australia Ian Wark Research Institute

140 Department of Physics and Earth Quinton Jamie Dr Flinders University Science Centre for Biomedical Engineering The University of Department of Electrical and Rainsford Tamath Dr Adelaide Electronic Engineering School of Chemistry, Physics and Rothall David Mr Flinders University Earth Sciences Associate School of Chemistry, Physics and Shapter Joe Professor Flinders University Earth Sciences University of South Sharma Damyanti Dr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute Shearer Cameron Mr Flinders University Physical Sciences University of South Siow Kim Shyong Mr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute

Associate University of South Skinner William (Bill) Researcher Australia Ian Wark Research Institute School of Chemistry, Physics and Sweetman Martin Mr Flinders University Earth Sciences University of South Tavenner Eric Dr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute School of Chemistry, Physics and Tune Daniel Mr Flinders University Earth Science University of South Vasilev Krasimir Dr Australia Ian Wark Research Institute Velleman Leonora Miss Flinders University SoCPES School of Chemistry, Physics and Voelcker Nicholas Dr Flinders University Earth Sciences School of Chemistry Physics and Wright Daniel Mr Flinders University Earth Sciences University of South Yeap Kai Ying Ms Australia Ian Wark Research Institute School of Electrical and Electronic Yin Xiaoxia Mrs University of Adelaide Engineering School of Chemistry, Physics and Yu Jingxian Dr Flinders University Earth Sciences University of South Zhou Jingfang Mrs Australia Ian Wark Research Institute

141 Western Australia Surname First Name Title Institution Department School of Electronic and Computing James Timothy Mr University of Western Australia Engineering Crew David Dr University of Western Australia Department of Physics Dodd Aaron Dr University of Western Australia School of Bio & Chem Sciences Drozdowicz- Tomsia Krystyna Mrs Macquarie University Department of Physics School of Chem and Maths Yu Aimin Dr Murdoch University Sciences Nanochemistry Research Institute, Gale Julian Professor Curtin University of Technology Department of Applied Chemistry Associate Ogden Mark Professor Curtin University of Technology Nanochemistry Research Institute Park Ben Mr University of Western Australia School of Mechanical Engineering Thuyen Huu School of Electronic and Computing Nguyen Manh Mr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Dunlop Luke Mr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Hatch Stuart Mr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Walmsley Byron Mr University of Western Australia Engineering

Danny Kang School of Electronic and Computing Wee Woon Mr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Biomedical and Chemical Hubble Lee Mr University of Western Australia Sciences Becker Thomas Dr Curtin University of Technology Nanochemistry Research Institute School of Surgery and Pathology (Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Wood Fiona Professor University of Western Australia Health Sciences) School of Electrical Electronic and Antoszewski Jarek Dr University of Western Australia Computer Engineering School of Electrical Electronic and Asgari Asghar Dr University of Western Australia Computer Engineering School of Biomedical and Chemical Associate Sciences Baker Murray Professor University of Western Australia Department of Chemistry School of Electronic and Computing Cai Shuzhi Mr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Dell John Dr University of Western Australia Engineering Department of Mechanical Duan Kai Dr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Faraone Lorenzo Professor University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Fehlberg Tamara Ms University of Western Australia Engineering Associate Griffin Brendan Professor University of Western Australia Centre for Microscopy and Analysis 142 Associate Hu Xiaozhi Professor University of Western Australia Mechanical Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Keating Adrian Dr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electric, Electronic and Kwah Heong-Hong Mr University of Western Australia Computing Engineering Chemistry School of Biomedical & Lincoln Frank Dr University of Western Australia Chemical Associate Liu Yinong Professor University of Western Australia Mechanical Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Martyniuk Mariusz Mr University of Western Australia Engineering McKinley Allan Dr University of Western Australia Department of Chemistry School of Electronic and Computing Musca Charles Dr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Nener Brett Dr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Parish Giacinta Dr University of Western Australia Engineering Parkinson Gordon Professor Curtin University of Technology Department of Applied Chemistry School of Biomedical and Chemical Raston Colin Professor University of Western Australia Sciences Centre for Microscopy and Saunders Martin Dr University of Western Australia Microanalysis School of Electronic and Computing Sewell Richard Mr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Silva Dilusha Dr University of Western Australia Engineering Martin Teng School of Electronic and Computing Soh Kiat Mr University of Western Australia Engineering Associate Stamps Robert Professor University of Western Australia School of Physics Centre for Microscopy and Suvorova Alexandra Dr University of Western Australia Microanalysis Gordon Keen School of Electronic and Computing Tsen Onn Mr University of Western Australia Engineering Umana- School of Electronic and Computing Membreno Gilberto Mr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Wehner Justin Mr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Westerhout Ryan Mr University of Western Australia Engineering School of Electronic and Computing Winchester Kevin Dr University of Western Australia Engineering Woodward Robert Dr University of Western Australia School of Physics Centre for Microscopy and Clode Peta Dr University of Western Australia Microanalysis Mechanical Engineering & Electrical Jehanathan Neerushana Miss University of Western Australia Engineering Cornejo Andrew Mr University of Western Australia School of Mechanical Engineering

143 Chua Hui Tong A/Prof The University of Western Australia Mechanical Engineering Ross Nils Mr University of Western Australia School of Physics Faculty of Science, Engineering and Gorham Nicole Dr Curtin University of Technology Computing Kocan Martin Dr University of Western Australia Microelectronics Research Group Richmond Bill Dr Curtin University of Technology Nanochemistry Research Institute Yang Hong Dr University of Western Australia School of Mechanical Engineering Liu Chao Mr University of Western Australia School of Mechanical Engineering Wang Xiaolin Dr University of Western Australia School of Mechanical Engineering Laeng Jamaluddin Mr University of Western Australia School of Mechanical Engineering School of Biomedical, Biomolecular Makha Mohamed Dr The University of Western Australia and Chemical Sciences Taylor Zoe Ms Curtin University of Technology Applied Chemistry

Iyer Swaminathan Dr University of Western Australia Chemistry Gao Lizhen Dr University of Western Australia School of Mechanical Engineering School of Biomedical, Biomolecular Chin Suk Fun Miss University of Western Australia and Chemical Sciences Abdus Mahmud Samad Mr University of Western Australian School of Mechanical Engineering Scool of Biomedical, Biomolecular Smith Nigel Mr University of Western Australia and Chemical Sciences Zhang Mu Mr University of Western Australia School of Mechanical Engineering Yang Yimeng Ms University of Western Australia School of Mechanical Engineering Parlevliet David Mr Murdoch University Physics and Energy Studies

Cankurtaran Burak Mr Curtin University of Technology Nanochemistry Research Unit Nair Balagopal Dr Curtin University of Technology Nanochemistry Research Institute Physics and Energy Studies Le Xuan Thi Miss Murdoch University Division of Science and Engineering School of Biomedical and Chemical Jackson Michael Mr University of Western Australia Sciences School of Electrical, Electronic and Sulaiman Nadzril Mr The University of Western Australia Computer Engineering School of Electrical, electronic & Baharin Azlan Mr University of Western Australia Computer Engineering School of Electrical, Electronic and Schuler Leo Dr The University of Western Australia Computer Engineering Physiology Centre for strategic Nano- Johnson Clint Mr The University of Western Australia Fabrication Incorporating Toxicology Tyler Annette Miss University of Western Australia Physics School of Physics, Faculty of Life and Physical Carroll Matthew Mr University of Western Australia Sciences

144 Overseas Members Surname First Name Title Department Institution Abdul Majeed Abu Bakar Prof Dr Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi Mara Department of Electrical and Alkaisi Maan Dr Computer Engineering University of Canterbury Ayesh Ahmad Mr Department of Physics University of Canterbury Electronics and Electrical Bakewell David Dr Engineering University of Glasgow Centre for Microstructure Mark Science and Materials College Seoul National University (SNU) Barnes Campbell Dr of Engineering Korea Associate Department of Electrical and Blaikie Richard Professor Computer Engineering University of Canterbury Brault Pascal Professor GREMI UMR6606 CNRS and Universite d'Orleans Department of Electrical and Brown Simon Dr Computer Engineering University of Canterbury Buazar Foad Mr Chemistry Tarbiat Modares University Downard Alison Dr Department of Chemistry University of Canterbury Steven Department of Electrical and Durbin Michael Dr Computer Engineering University of Canterbury School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Elshayeb Ayman Mr Technology Alneelain Univerisity Computational Hendy Shaun Dr Nanotechnology Industrial Research Ltd Hong- Department of Physics, Young Chang Professor SP3/PRL, RSPhysSE, Australian National University Iqbal Azhar Dr Mathematics University of Hull Jackson Howard Prof Physics University of Cincinnati Institute of Geological & Nuclear Johnson Steve Dr National Isotope Centre Sciences MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Electrical Computer and Materials and Nanotechnology, Kendrick Chito Mr Engineering University of Canterbury Kennedy John Dr Rafter Research Centre Rafter Research Centre Kruglyak Volodymyr Dr School of Physics University of Exeter Department of Electrical & Lansley Stuart Dr Computer Engineering University of Canterbury Electrical and Computer L'Hostis Florian Mr Engineering University of Canterbury Liu Xianming Dr Department of Chemistry University of Canterbury Department of Physics and Mackenzie David Mr Astronomy University of Canterbury Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences

Markwitz Andreas Dr National Isotope Centre Rafter Laboratory Department of Physics and McCarthy David Mr Astronomy University of Canterbury

145 Materials Science and Moudgil Brij Dr Engineering University of Florida Rosa Elizabeth Pereira Valente Mrs Universiti Teknologi Mara Pleasants Simon Dr Department of Physics Macquarie University Chemical & Biological Missouri University of Science & Raper Judy Dr Engineering Technology Department Physics & Reichel Rene Mr Astronomy University of Canterbury Robinson Katie Dr Patents AJ Park Energie Materiauxet Rosei Federico Professor Telecommunications University of Quebec (Montreal) Materials Science, and Director of Centre for Ruda Harry Professor Nanotechnology University of Toronto Resources and Global The Energy and Resources Sarma Shilpanjali Ms Security Division Institute (TERI) Sewell Rob Mr Physics Imperial College London MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Shastry Rahul Mr Nanotechnology University of Canterbury Srinivasa SDNB Vaishnav College for Kannan Lakshmi Dr Physics Women Institute of Experimental Freie Universitaet Starke Kai Dr Physics Berlin Centre for Microscopy and Stern Richard Dr Microanalysis University of Western Australia Tan Seng Sing Dr Nanyang Polytechnic Eindhoven University of Wolter Joachim Professor Faculty of Physics Technology Chemistry, The MacDiarmid Yu Samuel S.C Mr Institute University of Canterbury Hamdan Chemical and Process Yusoff Mohamed Mr Engineering Dept University of Canterbury

146

Appendix B – Demographic list of ARCNN Website Hits

City Visits Pages/VisitAvg. Time on Site % New Visits 1. Melbourne 5,280 4.43 00:03:14 49.28% 2. Sydney 5,234 4.55 00:03:09 51.30% 3. Canberra 2,477 7.38 00:06:09 25.03% 4. Brisbane 2,175 3.68 00:02:26 53.33% 5. Adelaide 1,679 5.52 00:03:26 40.62% 6. Perth 1,084 4.49 00:03:08 51.29% 7. Wollongong 702 4.86 00:03:46 26.92% 8. (not set) 510 3.54 00:03:08 57.65% 9. Geelong 149 5.30 00:04:11 44.97% 10. Gold Coast 91 4.42 00:02:51 61.54% 11. Newcastle 89 5.62 00:03:02 61.80% 12. Cranbourne 48 3.52 00:01:32 83.33% 13. Hobart 34 37.74 00:08:46 82.35% 14. Craigieburn 26 3.62 00:01:36 53.85% 15. Redcliffe 17 3.82 00:03:58 82.35% 16. Nerang 17 3.12 00:02:30 88.24% 17. Townsville 16 4.19 00:01:07 50.00% 18. Richmond 14 3.64 00:02:06 85.71% 19. Central Coast 13 3.85 00:04:48 76.92% 20. Darwin 12 4.17 00:06:01 66.67% 21. Wagga Wagga 11 3.00 00:02:10 45.45% 22. Gawler 8 6.25 00:01:43 62.50% 23. Toowoomba 7 3.14 00:03:54 100.00% 24. Griffith 6 10.50 00:09:15 83.33% 25. Rockhampton 6 2.00 00:00:39 100.00% 26. Bendigo 6 4.00 00:05:14 66.67% 27. Mackay 5 1.20 00:02:37 100.00% 28. Victoria Point 5 2.20 00:06:01 80.00% 29. Warrnambool 4 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 30. Armidale 4 1.75 00:00:40 100.00% 31. Ballarat 4 12.75 00:06:45 100.00% 32. Morwell 3 6.67 00:01:58 100.00% 33. Mildura 2 1.50 00:00:28 100.00% 34. Parkes 2 1.50 00:00:11 100.00% 35. Bathurst 2 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 36. Sunbury 2 7.00 00:07:27 50.00% 37. Launceston 2 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 38. Cairns 2 1.50 00:03:46 100.00% 39. Bundaberg 2 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 40. Port Lincoln 2 1.00 00:00:00 100.00%

147 City Visits Pages/VisitAvg. Time on Site % New Visits 41. Mount Isa 2 1.00 00:00:00 50.00% 42. Kingston 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 43. Colac 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 44. Kwinana 1 6.00 00:02:26 100.00% 45. Coffs Harbour 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 46. Hervey Bay 1 8.00 00:03:01 100.00% 47. Alice Springs 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 48. Burnie 1 2.00 00:00:39 100.00% 49. Gympie 1 1.00 00:00:00 0.00% 50. Lismore 1 2.00 00:00:00 100.00% 51. Pakenham 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 52. Orange 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 53. Bairnsdale 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 54. Bunbury 1 2.00 00:00:26 100.00% 55. Melton 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 56. Kawana Waters 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 57. Ballina 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 58. Port Pirie 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 59. Port Macquarie 1 11.00 00:03:47 100.00% 60. Geraldton 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 61. Palmerston 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 62. Horsham 1 2.00 00:00:16 100.00%

148 Country/Territory Visits Pages/VisitAvg. Time on Site % New Visits 1. Australia 19,775 4.90 00:03:31 46.56% 2. United States 2,847 2.96 00:01:46 81.91% 3. India 1,545 5.56 00:04:37 75.79% 4. Japan 1,014 3.94 00:02:46 46.35% 5. South Korea 1,005 3.87 00:03:00 47.56% 6. United Kingdom 1,001 4.91 00:03:20 74.73% 7. Germany 894 4.42 00:03:05 70.47% 8. Taiwan 776 4.70 00:03:18 43.30% 9. Thailand 576 3.84 00:03:39 54.69% 10. Iran 571 5.74 00:05:47 65.32% 11. New Zealand 552 4.40 00:03:17 48.37% 12. China 551 4.15 00:04:03 72.60% 13. Canada 537 3.37 00:01:59 78.96% 14. Singapore 519 5.50 00:04:24 67.05% 15. Malaysia 506 4.02 00:03:28 46.84% 16. France 406 3.62 00:02:18 78.82% 17. Mexico 353 2.05 00:01:04 92.07% 18. Italy 282 3.55 00:01:52 84.75% 19. Switzerland 261 3.30 00:01:21 60.15% 20. Netherlands 251 3.41 00:02:09 76.89% 21. Spain 244 3.80 00:02:27 67.21% 22. Denmark 208 4.41 00:03:08 53.37% 23. Sweden 198 3.91 00:02:45 59.60% 24. Ireland 162 4.13 00:03:30 48.15% 25. Russia 116 4.13 00:03:01 75.00% 26. Brazil 108 3.03 00:02:19 82.41% 27. Norway 104 3.46 00:02:46 30.77% 28. Poland 95 3.60 00:01:33 83.16% 29. Israel 90 2.99 00:02:10 95.56% 30. Turkey 88 3.17 00:01:47 85.23% 31. Saudi Arabia 81 4.12 00:04:01 62.96% 32. Egypt 81 3.35 00:03:04 75.31% 33. Hong Kong 79 4.04 00:02:39 86.08% 34. Belgium 77 4.17 00:03:11 74.03% 35. Finland 74 3.43 00:02:17 81.08% 36. Romania 70 3.29 00:02:10 67.14% 37. Austria 63 3.02 00:02:02 88.89% 38. Indonesia 60 4.80 00:04:42 78.33% 39. (not set) 56 3.02 00:03:01 55.36% 40. Pakistan 55 3.25 00:03:11 83.64% 41. South Africa 50 4.54 00:02:38 84.00% 42. Greece 47 3.38 00:03:01 91.49% 43. Vietnam 40 2.38 00:03:19 80.00% 44. Czech Republic 36 3.75 00:02:12 86.11%

149 Country/Territory Visits Pages/VisitAvg. Time on Site % New Visits 45. Philippines 35 1.63 00:00:59 91.43% 46. Ukraine 34 3.21 00:03:01 58.82% 47. Nigeria 34 5.21 00:06:48 85.29% 48. Slovenia 32 2.25 00:00:57 75.00% 49. Portugal 31 2.29 00:01:38 87.10% 50. Lithuania 31 1.45 00:00:21 61.29% 51. Ivory Coast 28 2.61 00:01:33 53.57% 52. Serbia and Montenegro 25 2.32 00:00:48 88.00% 53. United Arab Emirates 23 2.65 00:01:35 91.30% 54. Bangladesh 23 3.22 00:04:41 69.57% 55. Venezuela 22 2.95 00:01:53 90.91% 56. Sri Lanka 22 3.45 00:01:58 95.45% 57. Ghana 15 2.13 00:02:41 93.33% 58. Hungary 15 1.67 00:00:08 93.33% 59. Bulgaria 14 2.93 00:03:08 78.57% 60. Sudan 14 3.71 00:03:18 78.57% 61. Benin 14 12.14 00:09:58 71.43% 62. Algeria 13 2.54 00:01:31 92.31% 63. Croatia 13 2.15 00:00:36 92.31% 64. Uzbekistan 12 2.67 00:05:30 50.00% 65. Slovakia 12 2.08 00:00:29 91.67% 66. Estonia 12 1.58 00:00:26 75.00% 67. Jordan 12 2.92 00:04:10 91.67% 68. Argentina 12 3.75 00:02:33 100.00% 69. Kuwait 11 4.36 00:06:02 63.64% 70. Puerto Rico 10 2.30 00:01:41 80.00% 71. Nepal 9 2.78 00:05:15 88.89% 72. Chile 9 1.44 00:00:10 100.00% 73. Togo 9 12.67 00:09:53 100.00% 74. Qatar 8 2.25 00:03:45 87.50% 75. Morocco 8 1.75 00:00:24 87.50% 76. Latvia 7 2.29 00:00:42 85.71% 77. Colombia 7 2.00 00:00:35 100.00% 78. Mauritius 7 5.71 00:11:16 71.43% 79. Cyprus 7 3.43 00:01:00 71.43% 80. Oman 7 3.29 00:00:55 85.71% 81. Peru 7 2.57 00:03:15 100.00% 82. Syria 7 2.86 00:03:12 85.71% 83. Armenia 7 2.43 00:03:43 71.43% 84. Tunisia 6 3.50 00:04:18 100.00% 85. Kenya 5 2.20 00:00:52 100.00% 86. Luxembourg 5 2.80 00:03:01 100.00% 87. Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 2.00 00:01:54 100.00% 88. Mongolia 5 1.00 00:00:00 80.00%

150 Country/Territory Visits Pages/VisitAvg. Time on Site % New Visits 89. Yemen 5 1.40 00:00:31 60.00% 90. Lebanon 5 1.40 00:02:45 100.00% 91. Cameroon 4 4.25 00:06:15 100.00% 92. Trinidad and Tobago 4 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 93. Liechtenstein 4 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 94. Georgia 4 2.75 00:00:55 75.00% 95. Fiji 4 2.50 00:03:45 75.00% 96. Tanzania 4 3.25 00:02:40 100.00% 97. Myanmar 4 1.00 00:00:00 75.00% 98. Bahrain 4 2.25 00:00:21 100.00% 99. Brunei 4 3.00 00:02:41 100.00% 100. Gambia 3 2.67 00:02:08 66.67% 101. Palestinian Territory 3 1.67 00:00:15 66.67% 102. Macao 2 2.50 00:00:19 100.00% 103. Monaco 2 2.50 00:00:39 100.00% 104. Rwanda 2 1.50 00:02:57 100.00% 105. Moldova 2 3.00 00:03:53 100.00% 106. Macedonia 2 1.50 00:00:04 100.00% 107. Bolivia 2 3.00 00:01:58 100.00% 108. Belarus 2 1.50 00:00:21 100.00% 109. Senegal 2 2.00 00:01:52 100.00% 110. Saint Kitts and Nevis 2 8.50 00:06:49 0.00% 111. Cambodia 2 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 112. New Caledonia 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 113. Andorra 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 114. Central African Republic 1 2.00 00:00:32 100.00% 115. Vanuatu 1 3.00 00:02:26 100.00% 116. Costa Rica 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 117. Northern Mariana Islands 1 5.00 00:01:36 100.00% 118. Reunion 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 119. Azerbaijan 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 120. Antigua and Barbuda 1 2.00 00:00:32 0.00% 121. Maldives 1 3.00 00:00:42 100.00% 122. Somalia 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 123. Libya 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 124. Zimbabwe 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 125. Bermuda 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 126. Guatemala 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 127. Niue 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 128. Zambia 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 129. Iceland 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00% 130. Laos 1 1.00 00:00:00 100.00%

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152 Appendix C - ARCNN News, Edition 15, October 2007

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158 Appendix D - List of ARCNN Friends ARCNN Friends as at 31/12/2006

Surname First Name Department Tegart Alistair Standards Australia Oldfield Anthony ACT Govt Paterson Chris DITR Atkinson David DEH Gallagher David DITR Willcocks Deborah NICNAS Pianca Dennis ACT government Hall David Treasury Papadakis Elim Australian Research Council Keogh Geoff ACT Govt Harvey Graham NICNAS Barber Greg Health Koerbin Gus ACT Govt Ahmet Halil work cover Vic Govt Dyne Heather DEST Morris Howard DEWR Copeland Ian Health Gardner Ian Defence Somina Irina ARC Niall Jane IIRD Vic Govt Thomas Janet Defence Gardiner Jennifer DITR Miles John National Measurement Institute Moore Joslin DEST Emslie Kerry National Measurement Institute Gale Kevin DEH Hodgman Laurie DEH Davies Les Health Meisel Linda DEH Ribeiro Luiz National Health and Medical Research Council Thomas Mandy ARC Gredley Matthew Aus Industry Lindsay Megan Dept of Environment and Heritage Claessens Michael AusIndustry Faiz Mohammed Workcover NSW Govt Buckley Nick ACT government Mewett Osman Bureau of Rural Sciences Ross Paul AusIndustry Matthews Mohan DFAT Haynes Peter DEWR McInnes Peter DEH Holgate Robert ACT Government Keir Roland Defence Brooke Shelley Invest Australian Utick Stephen DEST

159 Walker Stephen ARC Zaluzny Stephen NICNAS Rothnie Tony DEST Swan Verity DEST Creaser Wayne DEWR Schnaufer Andrea UTS Hicks Devignes Anne Marie ANU Innes Brian Advance Nanotechnology Laing Chris University of Melbourne Denny Chris ANU Ford D University of Queensland Salt David ANU Rathjen Deborah Bionomics Read Leanna TGR Bionomics Rodan Maruta Materials Australia

160 Appendix E – ICONN 2008 Promotional Flyer

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