NSEE International Benchmark Workshop 2010
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Contents Part a Nanocarbons
Contents Foreword by Claes-Goran Granqvist V Foreword by Neal Lane VII List of Abbreviations XXIX 1 Science and Engineering of Nanomaterials Robert Vajtai 1 1.1 History and Definition of Nanomaterials 2 1.2 Formation of Nanomaterials 6 1.3 Properties of Nanomaterials 10 1.k Typical Applications of Nanomaterials 22 1.5 Concluding Remarks 31 1.6 About the Contents of the Handbook 31 References 31 Part A NanoCarbons 2 Graphene - Properties and Characterization Aravind Vijayaraghavan 39 2.1 Methods of Production k2 2.2 Properties 50 2.3 Characterization 58 2.k Applications 69 2.5 Conclusions and Outlook 1W References 74 3 Fullerenes and Beyond: Complexity, Morphology, and Functionality in Closed Carbon Nanostructures Humberto Terrones 83 3.1 Geometry and Structural Features of Fullerenes 85 3.2 Methods of Synthesis of Fullerenes and Proposed Growth Models.... 88 3.3 Physicochemical Properties of Fullerenes 90 3.4 Applications of Fullerenes and Beyond 92 3.5 Conclusions 99 References 99 k Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Sebastien Nanot, Nicholas A. Thompson, Ji-Hee Kim, Xucin Wang, William D. Rice, Erik H. Haroz, Yogeeswaran Ganesan, Cary L. Pint, Junichiro Kono 105 4.1 History 106 4.2 Crystallographic and Electronic Structure 106 http://d-nb.info/1012138798 4.3 Synthesis Ill 4.4 Optical Properties 115 4.5 Transport Properties 123 4.6 Thermal and Mechanical Properties 128 4.7 Concluding Remarks 135 References 135 5 Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Akos Kukovecz, Gabor Kozma, Zoltan Kdnya 147 5.1 Synthesis 148 5.2 Chemistry of MWCNTs 153 5.3 Properties 157 5.4 Selected Applications 163 References 169 6 Modified Carbon Nanotubes Aaron Morelos-Gomez, Ferdinando Tristan Lopez, Rodolfo Cruz-Silva, Sofia M. -
Electrochemical Nanowire Devices for Energy Storage Liqiang Mai, Qiulong Wei, Xiaocong Tian, Yunlong Zhao, and Qinyou An
10 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY, VOL. 13, NO. 1, JANUARY 2014 Electrochemical Nanowire Devices for Energy Storage Liqiang Mai, Qiulong Wei, Xiaocong Tian, Yunlong Zhao, and Qinyou An Abstract—Green energy has been increasingly demanded with energy density and good environment compatibility [7]–[11]. the rapid development of economy and population. The electro- Remarkably, as the highest energy density among the chemical chemical performance of energy storage devices could be improved batteries, Li-air batteries have captured worldwide attention and by using nanomaterials, but their fast capacity fading is still one of the key limitations. The intrinsic reasons of capacity fading need been regarded as next-generation energy storage devices. to be further understood. Here, we review some single nanowire The continuous development of energy storage devices is electrode devices designed as a unique platform for in situ probing requiring higher capacity, longer operating cycles and shorter the direct relationship between electrical transport, structure, and charge/discharge time. The key of achieving high-rate capability other properties of the single nanowire electrode before and after is known to solve kinetic problems involving slow ion diffusion cycling. It is found that the conductivity decrease of the nanowire electrode and the structural change during electrochemical reac- and electron transport in the electrode materials. Based on the 2 tion limited devices’ lifespan. Some strategies, such as prelithiation, t ≈ L / D [2] (where t is the diffusion time of lithium ion, L is conductive coating and structural construction, are designed and the diffusion length, and D is the diffusion coefficient), the most used to restrain the conductivity decrease and structural disor- effective method to improve the rate capability is reducing the der/destruction, which improve the lifespan and rate capability characteristic dimensions of the electrochemical active materi- of energy storage devices. -
A Course in Micro and Nanoscale Mechanics
Session 1168 A Course in Micro- and Nanoscale Mechanics Wendy C. Crone, Robert W. Carpick, Kenneth W. Lux, Buck D. Johnson Department of Engineering Physics, Engineering Mechanics Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center on Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Abstract At small scales, mechanics enters a new regime where the role of surfaces, interfaces, defects, material property variations, and quantum effects play more dominant roles. A new course in nanoscale mechanics for engineering students was recently taught at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. This course provided an introduction to nanoscale engineering with a direct focus on the critical role that mechanics needs to play in this developing area. The limits of continuum mechanics were presented as well as newly developed mechanics theories and experiments tailored to study and describe micro- and nano-scale phenomena. Numerous demonstrations and experiments were used throughout the course, including synthesis and fabrication techniques for creating nanostructured materials, bubble raft models to demonstrate size scale effects in thin film structures, and a laboratory project to construct a nanofilter device. A primary focus of this paper is the laboratory content of this course, which includes an integrated series of laboratory modules utilizing atomic force microscopy, self-assembled monolayer deposition, and microfluidic technology. Introduction Nanoscale science and technology are inspiring a new industrial revolution that some predict will rival the development of the automobile and the introduction of the personal computer.1 By observing and manipulating materials at the nanoscale, researchers have been able to develop new materials with novel and extreme properties. -
Chapter 6 Online Nanoeducation Resources
Chapter 6 Online Nanoeducation Resources Sidney R. Cohen, Ron Blonder, Shelley Rap, and Jack Barokas Abstract The internet has influenced all aspects of modern society, yet likely none more than education—opening new possibilities for how, where, and when we learn. Nanoscience and nanotechnology have developed over a similar time frame as the rapid growth of the internet and thus the use of the internet for nanoscience education serves as an interesting paradigm for internet-enabled education in general. In this chapter we give an overview of use of internet in nanoeducation, first in terms of available resources, then by describing the technological, philo- sophical, and pedagogical approaches. In order to illustrate the concepts, we describe as example a for-credit nanoscience curriculum which the authors devel- oped recently as part of an international team. 6.1 Introduction and Background The nature and emphasis of education in formal pedagogical frameworks as well as informal learning has been irreversibly impacted by the world-wide web and other rapidly changing technologies. Online resources have become a major source of information and knowledge, replacing texts and face-to-face (F2F) traditional courses. In the past decade, complete course materials have been made public, ranging from uploaded lecture notes to full video recorded class presentations. Various degrees of interactivity have been implemented in the different formats [1]. Whether it is medical assays, materials, or devices, nanotechnology has firmly rooted itself in our modern lives. In order to meet the growing need for scientists, engineers, and technicians to service and further develop this trend, the educational system must provide suitable training [2]. -
Nanomedicine and Medical Nanorobotics - Robert A
BIOTECHNOLOGY– Vol .XII – Nanomedicine and Medical nanorobotics - Robert A. Freitas Jr. NANOMEDICINE AND MEDICAL NANOROBOTICS Robert A. Freitas Jr. Institute for Molecular Manufacturing, Palo Alto, California, USA Keywords: Assembly, Nanomaterials, Nanomedicine, Nanorobot, Nanorobotics, Nanotechnology Contents 1. Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine 2. Medical Nanomaterials and Nanodevices 2.1. Nanopores 2.2. Artificial Binding Sites and Molecular Imprinting 2.3. Quantum Dots and Nanocrystals 2.4. Fullerenes and Nanotubes 2.5. Nanoshells and Magnetic Nanoprobes 2.6. Targeted Nanoparticles and Smart Drugs 2.7. Dendrimers and Dendrimer-Based Devices 2.8. Radio-Controlled Biomolecules 3. Microscale Biological Robots 4. Medical Nanorobotics 4.1. Early Thinking in Medical Nanorobotics 4.2. Nanorobot Parts and Components 4.3. Self-Assembly and Directed Parts Assembly 4.4. Positional Assembly and Molecular Manufacturing 4.5. Medical Nanorobot Designs and Scaling Studies Acknowledgments Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Nanomedicine is the process of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease and traumatic injury, of relieving pain, and of preserving and improving human health, using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of the human body. UNESCO – EOLSS In the relatively near term, nanomedicine can address many important medical problems by using nanoscale-structured materials and simple nanodevices that can be manufactured SAMPLEtoday, including the interaction CHAPTERS of nanostructured materials with biological systems. In the mid-term, biotechnology will make possible even more remarkable advances in molecular medicine and biobotics, including microbiological biorobots or engineered organisms. In the longer term, perhaps 10-20 years from today, the earliest molecular machine systems and nanorobots may join the medical armamentarium, finally giving physicians the most potent tools imaginable to conquer human disease, ill-health, and aging. -
Computational Investigations of Molecular Transport
COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MOLECULAR TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN NANOTUBULAR AND NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Suchitra Konduri In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Engineering in the School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology May 2009 COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MOLECULAR TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN NANOTUBULAR AND NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS Approved by: Dr. Sankar Nair, Advisor Dr. Carson J. Meredith School of Chemical & Biomolecular School of School of Chemical & Engineering Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. William J. Koros Dr. Yonathan S. Thio School of Chemical & Biomolecular School of Polymer, Textile & Fiber Engineering Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Peter J. Ludovice Dr. Min Zhou School of Chemical & Biomolecular School of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: Februay 05, 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is the result of not just my efforts, but is influenced directly or indirectly by a number of people, whom I would like to acknowledge here. Firstly, I express my sincere thanks to my advisor, Prof. Sankar Nair, for providing me an opportunity to work with him, and for extending his unwavering support, guidance and commitment to help me develop my scientific skills and become a better researcher that I believe I am now. His trust and help in times of need are greatly appreciated. I am grateful to my committee members Prof. William J. Koros, Prof. Peter J. Ludovice, Prof. Carson J. Meredith, Prof. Yonathan S. Thio, and Prof. Min Zhou for providing valuable suggestions and for their critical reading of this thesis. -
Abstract Book
Plenary Lecture 1 Nanotechnology Path to Sustainable Society Mihail Roco (National Science Foundation and National Nanotechnology Initiative) Abstract: Nanoscale science and engineering supports a foundational technology with implications on sustainability of economy, environment and overall societal development. Special challenges are balanced, equitable and safe affirmation of the technology. By establishing controlled synthesis and processing of matter at the nanoscale, nanotechnology would require fewer amounts of materials, water, and energy; and with the high degree of precision in nanomanufacturing we are generating less pollution for the same functionality. This presentation will focus on evolution of priorities since 2000. The long-view of nanotechnology development has three stages, each dominated by a different focus: phenomenological basics and synthesis of nanocomponents (2000-2010), nanosystem integration by design for fundamentally new products (2010-2020), and creation of new technology platforms based on new nanosystem architectures (2020-2030)(www.wtec.org/nano2/). Such development raises significant sustainability opportunities and challenges. Nanoscale science and engineering is expected to converge with biotechnology, information technology, cognitive technologies and other knowledge and technology domains resulting in an increase of the complexity and uncertainty of the secondary effects (“Converging Knowledge, Technology and Society: Beyond Nano-Bio-Info-Cognitive Technologies”, Springer 2013, www.wtec.org/NBIC2-Report/). -
Nanotechnology in New South Wales
LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL Standing Committee on State Development Nanotechnology in New South Wales Ordered to be printed 29 October 2008 Report 33 - October 2008 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL Nanotechnology in New South Wales New South Wales Parliamentary Library cataloguing-in-publication data: New South Wales. Parliament. Legislative Council. Standing Committee on State Development. Nanotechnology in NSW : [report] / Standing Committee on State Development. [Sydney, N.S.W.] : the Committee, 2008. – 180 p. ; 30 cm. (Report / Standing Committee on State Development ; no.33) Chair: Tony Catanzariti, MLC. “October 2008”. ISBN 9781920788209) 1. Nanotechnology—New South Wales. I. Title II. Title: Nanotechnology in New South Wales. III. Catanzariti, Tony. IV. New South Wales. Parliament. Standing Committee on State Development. Report ; no. 33 620.5 (DDC22) ii Report 33 - October 2008 STANDING COMMITTEE ON STATE DEVELOPMENT How to contact the Committee Members of the Standing Committee on State Development can be contacted through the Committee Secretariat. Written correspondence and enquiries should be directed to: The Director Standing Committee on State Development Legislative Council Parliament House, Macquarie Street Sydney New South Wales 2000 Internet www.parliament.nsw.gov.au Email [email protected] Telephone 02 9230 3504 Facsimile 02 9230 2981 Report 33 - October 2008 iii LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL Nanotechnology in New South Wales Terms of reference 1. That the Standing Committee on State Development inquire into and report on nanotechnology in New South Wales, in particular: a. current and future applications of nanotechnology for New South Wales industry and the New South Wales community b. the health, safety and environmental risks and benefits of nanotechnology c. -
Nanocomposite Membranes for Liquid and Gas Separations from the Perspective of Nanostructure Dimensions
membranes Review Nanocomposite Membranes for Liquid and Gas Separations from the Perspective of Nanostructure Dimensions Pei Sean Goh *, Kar Chun Wong and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; [email protected] (K.C.W.); [email protected] (A.F.I.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-7-553-5812 Received: 26 September 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: 21 October 2020 Abstract: One of the critical aspects in the design of nanocomposite membrane is the selection of a well-matched pair of nanomaterials and a polymer matrix that suits their intended application. By making use of the fascinating flexibility of nanoscale materials, the functionalities of the resultant nanocomposite membranes can be tailored. The unique features demonstrated by nanomaterials are closely related to their dimensions, hence a greater attention is deserved for this critical aspect. Recognizing the impressive research efforts devoted to fine-tuning the nanocomposite membranes for a broad range of applications including gas and liquid separation, this review intends to discuss the selection criteria of nanostructured materials from the perspective of their dimensions for the production of high-performing nanocomposite membranes. Based on their dimension classifications, an overview of the characteristics of nanomaterials used for the development of nanocomposite membranes is presented. The advantages and roles of these nanomaterials in advancing the performance of the resultant nanocomposite membranes for gas and liquid separation are reviewed. By highlighting the importance of dimensions of nanomaterials that account for their intriguing structural and physical properties, the potential of these nanomaterials in the development of nanocomposite membranes can be fully harnessed. -
Physics Laboratory, Annual Report 2001
NAT'L INST. OF STAND & TECH NIST REFERENCE AlllOt OOTbMb PUBLICATIONS NISTIR 6838 PHYSICS LABORATORY Annual Report 2001 Katharine B.Gebbie, Director William R. Ott, Deputy Director Ph xsics Laboratory NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce .U56 #6838 2002 NISTIR 6838 PHYSICS LABORATORY Annual Report 2001 Katharine B.Gebbie, Director William R. Ott, Deputy Director Physics Laboratory January 2002 U.S. Department of Commerce Donald L. Evans, Secretary Technology Administration Phillip J. Bond, Under Secretaryfor Technolog}’ National Institute of Standards and Technology Arden L. Bement, Jr., Director DESCRIPTION OF COVER ILLUSTRATION The Physics Laboratory is assisting the U.S. Postal Service in the treatment of mail contaminated with anthrax at postal facilities in Washington, DC (Brentwood) and Trenton, NJ. Working with an interagency task force set up by the Office of Science and Technology, NIST has designed test boxes of mail with NIST reference dosimeters to establish the radiation dose delivered from industrial electron beam facilities. Tests have been carried out at an electron accelerator in Lima, OH and an electron cyclotron in Bridgeport, NJ. NIST measurements, shown here as dose maps with radiochromic film, indicate that the mail is receiving the dose required to inactivate bacillus anthracis. PHYSICS LABORATORY ANNUAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS v Agenda vii Charge to the Panel from the NIST Acting Director 1 Message from the Physics Laboratory Director 3 Introduction 5 Organization and Personnel 9 Rosters of Division Staff 1 7 List of NIST Associates 40 Summary of Staff by Type of Appointment 41 Program Planning 59 Physics Laboratory Offices 59 Fundamental Constants Data Center 61 Office of Electronic Commerce in Scientific and Engineering Data 63 Electron and Optical Physics Division 73 Atomic Physics Division 87 Optical Technology Division 103 Ionizing Radiation Division 117 Time and Frequency Division 131 Quantum Physics Division Appendices 145 A. -
Coping with the Delineation of Emerging Fields: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology As a Case Study
Coping with the delineation of emerging fields: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology as a case study. Journal of Informetrics, forthcoming; v. December 20,2018 Teresa Muñoz-Écija, Benjamín Vargas-Quesada, Zaida Chinchilla Rodríguez* Abstract Proper field delineation plays an important role in scientometric studies, although it is a tough task. Based on an emerging and interdisciplinary field —nanoscience and nanotechnology— this paper highlights the problem of field delineation. First we review the related literature. Then, three different approaches to delineate a field of knowledge were applied at three different levels of aggregation: subject category, publication level, and journal level. Expert opinion interviews served to assess the data, and precision and recall of each approach were calculated for comparison. Our findings confirm that field delineation is a complicated issue at both the quantitative and the qualitative level, even when experts validate results. Keywords: Field delineation; Science classification; Research topics; Bibliometrics; Scientometrics Highlights: This study offers an updated literature review of NST as a delineated field. We provide an extended and unified NST search strategy suitable for two databases, Scopus and Web of Science. After formulating a conceptual framework as to how to employ different approaches described in the literature, we tried to delineate the NST field at the journal level through a seven-step procedure. Three approaches —at subject category, publication and journal levels— were adopted to explore and analyze these two databases. The results are compared, and we offer a detailed explanation of the topics related to the journals included in each level. At the publication level, we compare the potential of the micro-field classification system developed by Waltman and van Eck (2012) with the other two approaches. -
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UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title Interface Limited Lithium Transport in Solid-State Batteries. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fj8n944 Journal The journal of physical chemistry letters, 5(2) ISSN 1948-7185 Authors Santhanagopalan, Dhamodaran Qian, Danna McGilvray, Thomas et al. Publication Date 2014 DOI 10.1021/jz402467x Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Letter pubs.acs.org/JPCL Interface Limited Lithium Transport in Solid-State Batteries † † † † ‡ Dhamodaran Santhanagopalan, Danna Qian, Thomas McGilvray, Ziying Wang, Feng Wang, ‡ ‡ § † Fernando Camino, Jason Graetz, Nancy Dudney, and Ying Shirley Meng*, † Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States ‡ Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States § Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Understanding the role of interfaces is important for improving the performance of all-solid-state lithium ion batteries. To study these interfaces, we present a novel approach for fabrication of electrochemically active nanobatteries using focused ion beams and their characterization by analytical electron microscopy. Morphological changes by scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging and correlated elemental concentration changes by electron energy loss spectroscopy mapping are presented. We provide first evidence of lithium accumulation at the anode/current collector (Si/Cu) and cathode/electrolyte (LixCoO2/LiPON) interfaces, which can be accounted for the irreversible capacity losses. Interdiffusion of elements at the Si/ LiPON interface was also witnessed with a distinct contrast layer. These results highlight that the interfaces may limit the lithium transport significantly in solid-state batteries.