ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY

OF TIIK SCOTTISH LANGUAGE.

In some instances, the rule does not apply in our own time. the THIS letter, in our language, has four different Although prep, sig- is sounds : nifying from, generally pronounced frae, yet fra is also used in some parts of Scot- 1. A broad, as in E. all, wall. U is often land. Na is most generally pronounced as added, as in cald, written also cauld. In the is to written. It probable that ija, go, was termination of a word, when an inverted formerly pronounced in the same manner, comma is subjoined, as a', it is meant to retains although now gae ; because the part, intimate that the double I is cut off, accord- this sound. Ma, more, although now pro- ing to the pronunciation of Scotland. But nounced like in the of this is of modern use. W is some- may, reign Mary merely must have had the broad sound. For Skene times used for II by old writers, as aw for writes maa. The one or maa fre- all. phrase occurs De Verb. vo. quently ; Sign. Eneya. in in 2. A, lak, inak, tak, Scottish, as last, past, Where o occurs in modern E. we frequently English. use au; as auld, bauld, fauld, instead of old, 3. in alane, S. like A, lane, mane, bane, fane, bold, fold. E. The monosyllables have generally, al- A is sometimes prefixed to words, both in S. though not always, a final e quiescent. and O. E., where, it makes no alteration of 4. A, in dad, daddie, and some other words, S. the sense as which has ; abade, delay, pre- as in E. read, pret. ready, cisely the same meaning with bade. This A is used in words instead of o in E. seems to have been borrowed or derived many ; as one, bone, long, song, stone. These we from the A.-S., in which language abidan write one, bane, lang, sang, stane. For the and bidan are perfectly synon., both simply Scots preserve nearly the same orthography signifying to remain, to tarry. But in some with the Anglo-Saxons, which the English of the ancient Gothic dialects, it was used as have left as the words last mentioned cor- an intensive Thus it is still used in ; particle. to the respond A.-S. an, ban, long, sang, Isl., as afall, impetus, from falla, cadere. stan. In some of the northern as without the evil counties, Naud, prefix, signifies ; in and the of Angus Mearns, sound ee or ei anaud, great evil. G. Andr. Lex. p. 4. prevails, instead of at, in various words of Hire has made the same observation with re- this formation. They pronounce ein, bein, spect to this letter in Su.-G., giving alik us after the manner of the who stein, Germans, an example, which he renders, valde similis. use these terms in the same sense. It occurs in many A. S. words, in which Mr. Macpherson has attempted to fix a standard there seems to be no augmentation. Wach- for the pronunciation of words in which this ter, however, mentions abaer-ian, denudare, letter is the a with an as a of its intensive found, marking oblique proof power ; Pioleg.

stroke above it, when it should be sounded sect. v. I am inclined to think, that some ae or at. But any attempt of this kind must traces of this may yet be found in the fail. For it is probable that, in the course English language. One would almost sup- of centuries, there has been a considerable pose that adoicn were more forcible than the change in the pronunciation of this letter. simple term down; and that it had been AX

ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONAEY

THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE

ILLUSTRATING

THE WORDS IN THEIR DIFFERENT SIGNIFICATIONS, BY EXAMPLES FROM ANCIENT AND MODERN WRITERS ;

SHEWING THEIR AFFINITY TO THOSE OF OTHER LANGUAGES, AND ESPECIALLY THE NORTHERN j EXPLAINING MANY TERMS, WHICH, THOUGH NOW OBSOLETE IN ENGLAND, WERE FORMERLY AND COMMON TO BOTH COUNTRIES ; AND ELUCIDATING NATIONAL RITES, CUSTOMS,

INSTITUTIONS, IN THEIR ANALOGY TO THOSE OF OTHEE NATIONS I

TO WHICH IS PREFIXED, A DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN OF THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE

BY JOHN JAMIESON, D.D., '.'.V FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, AND OF THE SOCIETY OF THE ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND.

A NEW EDITION,

CAREFULLY REVISED AND COLLATED, WITH THE ENTIRE SUPPLEMENT INCORPORATED,

BY JOHN LONGMUIR, A.M., LL.D., AND DAVID DONALDSON, F.E.I.S.

VOLUME I.

PAISLEY: ALEXANDER GARDNER. M.DCCC.LXXIX. An Explanation of the Contractions used in this Work.

A. Bar. Anglia Borealis, North of England. L.B. Barbarous Latin. Adj. Adjective. Metaph. Metaphor, Metaphorical. Adv. Adverb. Moes-G. Moeso-Gothic, as preserved in Alem. Alemannic language. Ulphilas' Version of the Gospels. Anc. Ancient, or Anciently. Mod. Modern. Ang. County or dialect of Angus. N. Note. Arm. Armorican, or language of Bretagne. 0. Old. A.-S. Anglo-Saxon language. Orkn. Orkney. Belg. Belgic language. part. pr. Participle present. C.-B. Cambro-Britannic, or Welsh lan- pa. past. guage. Pers. Persian language. Celt. Celtic. pi. Plural. Chauc. Used occasionally for Chaucer. Precop. Precopensian dialect of the Gothic. Clydes. Clydesdale. prep. Preposition. Comp. Compounded. pret. Preterite. S. of Pronoun Pronun- Compl. Complaynt Scotland. pron. ; also, Pronounce, Conj. Conjunction. ciation. Contr. Contracted, or Contraction, Prov. Proverb. Corn. or Cornish, language of Cornwall. Q., q. Quasi. Corr. Corrupted, or Corruption. Qu. Query. Cumb. _ Cumberland. q. v. Quod vide. Dan. Danish Language. JK. Glouc. Chronicle of Eobert of Gloucester. Deriv. Derivative, or Derivation. Rudd. Euddiman's Glossary to Douglas's Dim. $ Diminutive. Virgil. Dimin. S. After Islandic quotations, denotes E. English language. Saga. Ed., Edit. Edition. S. Scottish, Scotland; also, still used Errat. Erratum, or Errata. in Scotland. Expl. Explain, explained. S.A. Scotia Australis, South of Scotland. North of Scotland Fig. Figuratively. S.B. Scotia Borealis, ; Finn. Finnish, language of Finland. also, Northern Scots. Fr. French language. S. 0. Scotia Occidentalis, West of Scot- Franc. Frankish, Theotisc, or Tudesque land. language. a. Substantive. Fris. Frisian or ancient of dialect of the Belgic. SU.-G. Suio-Gothic, language Gael. Gaelic of the Highlands of Scot- S\yeden. land. Sw. Swedish language, (modern). Germ. German language. Syn. Synon . Synonym, or synonymous. Gloss. GL, Glossary. Tomus ; sometimes Title. Goth. Gothic. Term. Termination. Gr. Greek language. Tweed. Tweeddale. Heb. Hebrew language. V. Vide, see; also, Volume. Hisp. Spanish language. v. Verb. Imper. Imperative. v. a. Verb active. Ir. Irish language. v. impers Verb impersonal. Isl. Islandic (or Icelandic) language. v. n. Verb neuter. Ital Italian language. vo. Voce. Jim. Sometimes for Junius. Wacht. Sometimes for Wachter. Lat. L., Latin language. Loth. Lothian. * The asterisk that signifies the word to which it is prefixed, besides the common meaning in English, is used in a different sense in Scotland.

Tlie contractions of some other names will be learned from the List of Editions of Books and MSS. quoted. ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY

OF TIIK SCOTTISH LANGUAGE.

In some instances, the rule does not apply in our own time. the THIS letter, in our language, has four different Although prep, sig- is sounds : nifying from, generally pronounced frae, yet fra is also used in some parts of Scot- 1. A broad, as in E. all, wall. U is often land. Na is most generally pronounced as added, as in cald, written also cauld. In the is to written. It probable that ija, go, was termination of a word, when an inverted formerly pronounced in the same manner, comma is subjoined, as a', it is meant to retains although now gae ; because the part, intimate that the double I is cut off, accord- this sound. Ma, more, although now pro- ing to the pronunciation of Scotland. But nounced like in the of this is of modern use. W is some- may, reign Mary merely must have had the broad sound. For Skene times used for II by old writers, as aw for writes maa. The one or maa fre- all. phrase occurs De Verb. vo. quently ; Sign. Eneya. in in 2. A, lak, inak, tak, Scottish, as last, past, Where o occurs in modern E. we frequently English. use au; as auld, bauld, fauld, instead of old, 3. in alane, S. like A, lane, mane, bane, fane, bold, fold. E. The monosyllables have generally, al- A is sometimes prefixed to words, both in S. though not always, a final e quiescent. and O. E., where, it makes no alteration of 4. A, in dad, daddie, and some other words, S. the sense as which has ; abade, delay, pre- as in E. read, pret. ready, cisely the same meaning with bade. This A is used in words instead of o in E. seems to have been borrowed or derived many ; as one, bone, long, song, stone. These we from the A.-S., in which language abidan write one, bane, lang, sang, stane. For the and bidan are perfectly synon., both simply Scots preserve nearly the same orthography signifying to remain, to tarry. But in some with the Anglo-Saxons, which the English of the ancient Gothic dialects, it was used as have left as the words last mentioned cor- an intensive Thus it is still used in ; particle. to the respond A.-S. an, ban, long, sang, Isl., as afall, impetus, from falla, cadere. stan. In some of the northern as without the evil counties, Naud, prefix, signifies ; in and the of Angus Mearns, sound ee or ei anaud, great evil. G. Andr. Lex. p. 4. prevails, instead of at, in various words of Hire has made the same observation with re- this formation. They pronounce ein, bein, spect to this letter in Su.-G., giving alik us after the manner of the who stein, Germans, an example, which he renders, valde similis. use these terms in the same sense. It occurs in many A. S. words, in which Mr. Macpherson has attempted to fix a standard there seems to be no augmentation. Wach- for the pronunciation of words in which this ter, however, mentions abaer-ian, denudare, letter is the a with an as a of its intensive found, marking oblique proof power ; Pioleg.

stroke above it, when it should be sounded sect. v. I am inclined to think, that some ae or at. But any attempt of this kind must traces of this may yet be found in the fail. For it is probable that, in the course English language. One would almost sup- of centuries, there has been a considerable pose that adoicn were more forcible than the change in the pronunciation of this letter. simple term down; and that it had been AAR

to a continuation originally meant express Ae is now written, in this signification, in place or in falling, descending, in being earned of A, which seems, as thus used, to have downwards, or a prolongation of the act. had anciently the same pronunciation. Al- occurs as a terminative ae and ane both one, A occasionally particle ; though signify they differ in their Ae as in allya, alliance. By the Anglo-Saxons considerably application. it was used as a termination both to denotes an object viewed singly, and as adjec- " tives and substantives. alone; as, Ae swallow disna mak a sim- mer." Ane marks a distinction often where A sometimes on ; as aside, on side, a- signifies '' there is a number ; as, I saw three men grufe, on the grufe. In this sense are Isl. on the road ane o' them turned awa' to the a and Su.-G. aa used. The very instance ; right hand." given by G. Andr. is a gt'ufw, cernue, prone. et is often in as an Ad liggia a grufu, id est, in faciem pectus A used, vulgar language, abbreviation of i. e. the ac ventrem prostratus cubare. Johnson hae, have, aspirate as A " have thinks that a, in the composition of such being suppressed ; done, done," thus English words as aside, afoot, asleep, is some- ; times contracted from at. But there is no Ane spak in wordis wonder crouse, A done with ane mischance. Old Song. reason for the supposition. These terms are For they were a' just like to eat their thumb, plainly equivalent to on foot, on side, on That he wi' her sae far ben should a come. Ross's Heleiwre, First Edit. 11. sleep. Thus on field is used in same sense p. " with modern : in the Teutonick afield A tongue signifieth water ; Ane fair sweit May of mony one and this is the reason the names of so many Schn went mi to flouris. fetid gather of these end in to shew are MaiUand Poems, p. 190. ysles A, they of land surrounded with water." MS. A is used, by our oldest writers, in the sense pieces Explication of some Norish Words used in of one. The signification is more forcible Orkn. and Shetl. than that of a in E. when placed before [Rather ey, island.] nouns in the number. For it de- singular AAIRVHOUS, s. "The place of meeting not where there be notes, merely one, may appointed by the Foud Generall, or Chief or in but ex- many, one, particular ; one, Governour, Shetl." MS. Expl. of Norish of in the same sense in clusively others, Words, ut sup. which ae is used. vulgarly This we to trace to Isl. A ought certainly arf, orf, fyscher quliilura lay bacillus nunciatorius quo communitas ad judicium Besid a for to ryver, get convocabatur. Hence, arfarthing, judicium hoc modo Hys iiettis that he had thar set : convocatum. The term primarily signifies an arrow ; A nycht, his nettis for to se, and it would seem that this was the and tliar well duelt he. signal anciently He rase ; lang Su.-G. was used in the same Barbour, xix. 657. MS. employed. budknjle sense. This is confirmed by the Su.-G. term heraur, i. e. "one night." tessera ad bellum evocans, Su.-G. haeroer, signum He him beheld, and said syne to himsell, nuntiatorium which Ihre deduces from ; Jiaer, an army, Her is merwaill, quha likis it to tell, and oer, aur, an arrow ; this, marked with certain That a person, be worthines of hand, signs, being used by the ancients for assembling the Trowys to stop the power of Ingland. multitude. It would appear that the arrow, Wallace, v. 363. MS. having been used primarily in war, had been retained the Thus, also, where it is in Perth Edit. printed name at least in calling the people to the place ap- Bot hys awn strength mycht nooht again yai be. pointed for judicial decisions. V. CROISHTARICH and In MS. it is, FYKE CROCE. Thus aairvhoiw denotes the house ap- for Bot his a strength mycht nocht again thaim be. pointed judgment. Ibid. x.. 335. The Brows Robert AAR, s. The alder, a tree, S. O. V. ARN. A Byschape favoryd and Erlys twa. Of Glasgw, Athole, and Mare war tha. AARON'S-BEARD, s. The dwarf-shrub Wyntmmi, viii. 11. 173. called St. John's Wort, Hypericum per- It is sometimes improperly written ea. foratum, Linn. Roxb. Christ be ea in himselfe "For suppose thing ; yit The name is the same in Sweden, Johantiis-oert. the better grip thou have of him, thou art the surer of Linn. Flor. Suec. N. 680. It is that the his Bruce's Serm. on the Sacr. D, singular promise." Sign. same idea should in as 8. a. superstitious prevail Sweden, in S., in regard to its anti-magical influence. Linn, ' ' Sometimes it ea name and sometimes they gave informs us that it is called Faija dtemonum, and Light- ane vther." Ibid. E. 5. b. foot gives a similar account. "The superstitious in This, as we learn from Hire, is a Su.-G. idiom. A, Scotland carry this plant about with them as a charm he says, in pluribus Suio Gothiae partibus, Dalekarlia, against the dire effects of witchcraft and enchant- uaitatis nota est ut a ment. also or Westrobothnia, Gothlandiaque ; They cure, fancy they cure their ropy milk, which they suppose to be under some malig- ABA [3] ABA

:uu\ from Fr. (sbah-ir the Moult ill l'i naut influence, by putting this herb into it, ; phrase, m'exlmlii/ ' thus used in the Rom. Rose ; milking afresh upon it. Flor. Scotic. i. 417. merveille, being original where Chaucer uses abinred. Abay is undoubtedly the at a ABACK, ABAK, adv. 1. Away, aloof, same word, slightly altered. S. distance, to confound To ABAYS, v. a. To abash, ; O would they stay aback frae courts, id. An" please themsels wi' countra sports, Fr, ubass-ir, It wad for ev'ry ane be better. Abaysyd of that sycht thai ware. iii. 9. Burns, Bot had thai knawyn the cans all, Aback is an obsolete E. word, which was used in That gerris swylk Eclippis fall, it lack. A.-S. Thai suld noucht have had abaysyng. regard to space. Johns, derives from as Wyntinon, viii. 37. 74. bate is indeed the origin, but in a peculiar form, on also on baec- having the preposition prefixed ; fate, s. "at his behind ABAITMENT, Diversion, sport. tiny, a tergo, pone, retrorsum, back, For sa list sere minis backward;" Somner. It is formed like aright, from quha gladsum lere, Ful mony inery abailmenti foilowis here. A.-S. on riht ; away, from onweg, &c. V. AWA' wi*. Dong. Virgil, 126, 55. Isl. a lmk. a tergo. Rudd. says, "f. from abate, because they abate the 2. Behind, in relation to place, S. weariness and uneasiness we are under by our serious are also called ; for which cause they The third, that gaed a wee a-back, occupations because divert our cares and anxieties." Was in the fashion shining, diversions, they this that Ann. Fu' gay that day. Lye, however, has observed on word, iii. il'iiin this Burns, 29. is ludere, and ebat ludus ; concluding that is the Jun. He is And quhen thay by war runnyng, tharo hors they stere, origin ; Etym. Angl. certainly right. forms. Besides And turnis agane incontinent at comniandis, For the term appears in a variety of To preif thare hors, with jauillingis in thare handis : these two Arm. words, Bullet mentions ebad, pleasure, went abak in sounder ane fer he renders badin as in- Syne space, diversion ; and ebater, which ; with race. Ilkane at uther rynnyng an deed most probably F. badin, and badinage, may be Doug. Virgil, 147, 8. traced to this source. O. Fr. ebaudh is rendered recrr- terme se 3. Back used in relation to time are, relaxare, laetari, populaire, qui signifie ; past, Angus. tresaillir de rejouir ; also, joie, toluptati indulyere. Eight days aback a post came frae himsell, Le jour s'est ebaudis, belle est la matinee Sneering for and wondring unco sair, you, Solaine est leve, abat la rousre. Tnat had broken in sic affair. La, qui ye tryst Guyot de Jfanteuil. Moss's UeUnore, p. 37. O. Fr. ebaudi, hilaris ; ebaudise, humeur gaie ; Tyrwhitt calls this word, as used by Chaucer, in the ebaudissement, rejouissance. The following words same Sax. But on bate is the A.-S. joie, sense, phrase elxitli'- are still in use ; ebat, diversion, recreation, and corresponding to retrorsinn, a being often substituted id. the word in ; for A.-S. ana 0. E. on. In this sense Moes-O. ibiikai ment, very question passe temps, recreatio animi. Diet, de Trev. and ibukana are used, and Isl. a abak, retrorsum ; G. Andr. ABANDOUN. In abandoun, adv. at random. ABAD, ABADE, ABAID, . Delay, abiding, He-bad thaim gang to bykker syne the same with bade. The Scottis ost in abandoun ; tarrying ; Bad, doun Thai gerd thaim cum apon thaim ; Risr.hop Synclar, with out langar abaid, For mycht thai ger thaim brek aray, Met t bairn at Glauimyss, syne furth witli thaim he raid. To haiff thaim at thair will thoucht thai. Wallace, vii. 1032. MS. Barbour, xix. 335. MS. The fader of J'ortunut al the hauinnis gate. One might suppose that the second and third lines With his hand schot the furth liir went, byg schip should have the following punctuation : the Tliat swyfter than south wynd on scho sprent ; The Scottis ost ; in abandoun Or as ane Heand arrow to laud glade, Thai thaim cum apon thaim doun : And in the depe porte enterit but abode. gerd caused them to- come their enemies at full i. e. without delay. Dmig. Virgil, 135, 42. They upon speed. In edition 1620 it is thus expressed, A bald occurs, ibid. 152, 38. A.-S. abiil-aii, ma- nere. The Scottish oast in a randoun. A At abandoun is also used. BAID, part. pa. Waited, expected. Bot sone eftre that pryme wes past, sa This sail be ouer tryumphe DOW lang abaiil, The Scottis men dang on fast, To se thy awin sou on this bere tre laid. And schot on thaim al tihandouit, As ilk man war a campioun, J)inig. Virgil, 361, 29. That all thair fayis tuk the ttycht. A. S. The latter is the word abad, expectatus. very liarbmir, xv. 59. MS. used by Virgil. All tha alsua of the Town Ischyd to fecht at aband&wn. To v. a. To astonish. ABAY, ABAW, Aiayd, l\'i/,it"trn, ix. 8, 24. astonished. part. pa. The phrase, as thus used, conveys the idea of great " liicht to Yeild vow, madanie," on can Schir Lust say ; violence. Fr. Mtttre tout a r abandon, put every wourde scho culd not scho was so A speik abayd. thing in disorder, to leave all to be pillaged. Mettrr K. i. 48. Hart, sa forest en abandon, to lay the forest open, to make Many men of his kynde sauh him so abaued, it common to all men. Cotgr. Abatidun is used in For him thei fauht with oft so was he saurd. mynde, & Rom. de la Rose, to signify, at discretion. Its most K. lirunue, 210. at at p. common modern meaning is, at large, random, Chaucer uses abauvd in the game sense. Abate has will. of lx.-i'ii viewed as having a common origin with almi/*. Siime suppose that this term is composed tMH to But the former, as Tyrwhitt has observed, is certainly three Fr. words, a, ban, and dun-iier, q. to give up ABA [4] ABB

to the dis- interdiction ; that to 4. to in the sense is, expose any thing Effectually prevent ; nearly of Du derives it from a and cretion the public. Cange of deter. bandon, q. res posita in bannum, vel in bandum missa, i. L. B. for bannum. "To dant their and to abandoun e. proscripta ; bandum being used, attemptatis, thaym in that sail nocht inuaid But Wachter's conjecture is more probable than either. tymes cumyng thay France, He derives Fr. abandonner from the old Gothic word nor this thy realme with sa bludy incursionis as thay band a standard. This term seems to have been used did afore, Charlis of France be deliuerit mynd of his the as Moes-G. bandwo denotes a nobillis to be confiderat with the," &c. Bel- by Longobardi ; sign, desyris lend. Cron. B. c. 2. Mar. 14,44. Gaf so, lewjanda im bandwon ; The traitor 10, a as has been This with Horum temeritati ut obuie- gave them sign ; which term, observed, corresponds &c. of Boece. could easily be transferred to a military sign or stan- tur, has some resemblance of the L. dard. Et hue etiam, says Wachter, referri potest This use of the term B. in abandonum. dictio Gallica s'abandonnfr, emancipare se alicui : et phrase, Dare quasi sub vexillum ejus se tradere, si compoiiatur a vo. Ba/nda. adv. At without band et dormer ; vo. Hand. V. Spelm. ABANDONLY, random, Hence the word has come to free that is, signify will, regard to danger. to the idea, the will or pleasure of according original He tuk the strenth thar will that under whose standard another enlisted magre fayis ; person Abandonlij in bargau baid thar still. himself. This idea is retained Chauc. in the use of by Wallace, iv. 670, MS. the word bandon. Abandounly Cambell agayne thaim baid, Grete loos hath and largesse, grete prise ; Fast vpon Aviss that was bathe depe and braid. bothe the wise folke and unwise For Ibid. vii. 653, MS. . Were wholly to her bandon brought, So well with yeftis'had she wrought. E. Rom. Rose, v. 1163. ABARRAND, part. pr. Departing from,

In the it is A son bandon. V. BANDOUNE. aberring. original " Heir sail your grace vnderstand how inuiolatly the under To ABANDON, v. a. 1. To bring faith of Crist hes been obseruit be youre progenitouris, absolute restriction. neuir abarrand fra sicker religion and piete." Bellend. Cron. Concl. Oftsyss qxihen it wald him lik, He went till with his huutyng menye, Confounded, abashed. And swa the land abandovmyt he, ABASIT, part. pa. That durst iiane warne to do his will. Aboue all vtheris Dares in that stede Harbour, iv. 391. Thame to behald abasit wox gretumly. " 141, 13, V. ABAYS. Hence abandonit is used as signifying, brought into Doug. Virgil, subjection to the will of another." s. Accident that sur- ABATE, ; something Abandonit will he noght be to beme that is borne. as Or he be strenyeit with strenth, youe sterne for to schore, prises one, being unexpected. ledis sal be loissit, and liffis forlorne. Mony And therewith kest I douu myn eye ageyne, Gawan and Got. i. 12. Quhare as I saw walkyng under the toure, chieftain born i. e. he will never give allegiance 'to any Full secretely, new cumyn hir to pleyne, of woman. Fr. A bandonner sa liberty, et se rendre The fairest or the freschest young noure serf; gratificare libertatem suam alicujus poteutiae. That ever I saw, methoucht, before that houre, For which anon astert Thierry. sodayne abate, The hlude of all to hert. It is used in the same sense by Bellenden. my body my ii. 21. "Kenneth exhortit his folkis to assailye feirslie thair King's Quair, & to in feruent battal, that it from Fr. a or wind-fall or. ennymes perseueir may Perhaps abbat-ir, fall, ; be discussit be the the Scottis sail aban- to to overthrow or rather from day, quhicldir " abbattre, daunt, ; abet-ir, tloim the Pichtis, or the Pichtis the Scottis. Cron. reddere hebetem, stupidum ; abet-i, hebes ; stupefac- daturi B. 10, c. 10. Utrum Scoti Pictis leges essent tion being often the consequence of an unexpected eo discerneretur die. Boeth. event. It may deserve notice, however, that Isl. Su.-G. and casus b;/d-a, biud-a, signify, accidere ; bud, '2. To let loose, to give permission to act at fortuitus. pleasure. s. "Event, adventure." Gl. Sib. The hardy Bruce ane ost abandownyt, ABATE, xx thowsand he rewllyt he force and wit, For quliich sodayne abate anon astert the Scottis his for to reskew The blude of all in hert. Wpon men ; my body my Serwyt thai war with gud speris enew. K. Quair, Chron. S. Poetry, i. 19. Wallace, x. 317, MS. It certainly signifies casting down ; 0. Fr. aunt, to leave at d'abbattre Fr. A bandonner, to give over, random. 1'action ; Roquefort.

3. To destroy, to cut off. ToABAW. V. ABAY. Quhen Wallace saw qnhen thir gud men was gayn, s. I.ordis, he said, quhat now is your consaill ?. ABBEIT, Dress, apparel. Twa choyss thar is, the best I rede ws waill, This nycht, befoir the dawing cleir, the this ost abandonand, Yondyr King Methocht Sanct Francis did to me appeir, Bruce and Beik in battaill to stand. Heyr yon With ane religious abbeit in his hand, Wallace, x. 259, MS. And said, In this go cleith the my servant!. the Refuse the warld, for tliou mon be a freir. The meaning is, that King Edward was destroying 25. Scottish army under The Steit-art. This is only an Jiannatyne Poems, p. of as last destruc- This is a of the k oblique sense the term explained ; evidently corruption habit, being or the natural thrown in the same manner as in tion, whether of persons things, being away ; Arm. nbi,t, consequence of their being given up to the will of an abi/ta, and abitua are used in the sense of habitus, exasperated soldiery. dress. ABB [5] A i;i:

A quest than wild he tak of tho monke that bare the coroune. 'Quenis liegis in the passage throw Burrowis and his ordre lete alle iloune. His abile be gan forsake, 'vthers landwart townis, the wemen perlurlnttnin'l- R. Brunne, p. 172. 'for skafrie of money, or vtherwyae, salbe takin, " and s. An 'handellit, put vpone the Cukstulis of cucni ABBACY, AniuSY, abbey ; abatia, or towne." V. SCAFRIE and CUCK-HTUI.E. Low Latin." Sir J. 111. 'Burgh, Sinclair, p. "One other day the same Freir maid ane uther si i "And attour that thair be na vnionis nor annexa- mone of the Abbote Unreassone, unto whom, and (juhais in to lawis he Prelatis of that for thai tiounis maid tyme to cum Bischoprikis, A bbasei*, compairit age ; was nor Pryoreis of ouy benefice." Acts Ja. III. 1471. c. subdewit to na lawis, na mair than was the Abbuti- 54. Edit. 1560. Unreaxone." Knox's Hist. p. 15. There is an allusion to the same sport in Scot's *. ludicrous and cant ABBEY-LAIRD, A Poem on May. term for a for one at least who bankrupt, Abbotis by rewll, and lordis but ressone, finds it necessary to take the benefit of the Sic senyeoris tymis ourweill this sessone, thair war to waik of the confines of Holvroodhouse as a Vpoun vyce lang ; girth Quhais falsatt, fibilnes and tressone, Has onre this zodiak. protection from his creditors, Loth. rung thryis Scot, Eter-Qreen, ii. 187. MS. It seems to be of considerable antiquity. while the insinuates that such Wln'U broken, frae care Here, poet games had in of The fools are set free, formerly been customary the beginning May, he When we mak them lairds beautifully alludes to the disordered state of society in In the she. his own time that the season allotted for the Abbey, quoth ; declaring Cock Laird, Herd's Coll. ii. 36. games did not suffice for those who really acted the of Abbots i. e. Rule, and Lords without s. Surplices, white linen vest- part by, ayainst ABBIS, pi. Reason as or exceeded the ments worn ; they greatly owerweiled, by priests. proper time. There would be a great walking or vaca- "Item, ane chesabill of purpour velvet, with the tion, did others wait till they had finished their vyce, or in the he uses in stoyle and fannowne orphis ; twa abbii ; twa ameittis part play. Perhaps, indeed, rycr the manner in which he has used as of Bartane ; clornik to be touellis, ; same b;/, clayth " unschapin capable one belt; twa eorporallis. Coll. Inventories, A. 1542, of a double sense, and signifying that theirs was truly a vicious OCRWEILL. p. 58. part. V. similar character was well known in L. B. alba, id. from Lat. allnu, white ; denominated A England. In from the colour. Du Conge remarks, that albas ge- an old memoir of shews and ceremonies exhibited at rere, and esse in albis, or ease albati, were phrases ap- Christmas, in the reign of Henry VII. in the palace of A. it is said "This Christmas I plied to the clergy, when they proceeded to perform Westminster, 1489, ; and but few ecclesiastical functions ; ami that hence 0. Fr. aute saw no disguysiugs, right plays. But was equivalent to otdiiiatus. there was an A bbot of Misrule, that made much sport, and did right well his office." Walton's Hist. Kng. s. for habit. ABBOT, Probably dress, Poetry, i. 239. At Cambridge, this character was "Thair was ane herald sent in England with the called Imperator, or Emperor. One of the Masters of of Arts was over the for king of Scotlandis ordour the garter ; to witt, ane placed juniors every Christmas, the of their and diversions this abbot maid according to the ordour, with ane gairter regulation games during season of The Latin comedies and of gold sett with pretious stones, and all other orna- festivity. tragedies, as well as shews and were to be under his mentis according to the ordour." Pittscottie's Cron. dialogues, and direction. His continued for p. 415. authority power twelve and it was renewed on Candlemas days ; day. ABBOT of VNRESSOUN,asort of histrionic In the colleges of Oxford they had a temporary officer of the same who was called Natali- character, anciently used in Scotland; but kind, Prliiceps cius, Christina* Prime, or Lord Misrule. afterwards of of prohibited by Act Parliament. It seems uncertain whether our ancestors borrowed " It is statute and ordanit that in all tymes dimming, their Abbot of Un-reason immediately from the English, na maner of be chosin Robert limit, nor Li/till or from the French. For the latter also had their persounr Jo/me, Abbot of \ nr<'xmun, Quenis of Hail, nor vther- Abbi de Liesse, or Abbot of Joy, Abbas Laetitiae wyse, nouther in Burgh nor to landwart, in ony tyme Du C'ange. V. Warton's Hist. E. Poet. ii. 378, 381. tocum. And gif ony Prouest, Baillies, counsall, and Polydore Virgil says, that so early as the year 1170, communitie, chesis sic ane Personage, within Burgh, it was the custom of the English nation to celebrate the chesaris of sic sail tyne thair fredome for the space their Christmas with plays, masques, and the most and salbe with at dice of fyue yeiris, vtherwyse punist at the magnificent spectacles ; together games Quenis grace will, and the acceptar of siclyke office and dancing, This practice, he adds, was not conform- salbe banist furth of the Realme. And gif ony sic able to the usage of most other nations, who permitted persounis beis chosin outwith Burgh, and vthers these diversions, not at Christmas, but a few days before landwart townis, the chesaris sail pay to our souerane Lent, at the time of Shrove-tide. Hist. Angl. lib. xiii. Lady, X. pundis, and thair persounis put in waird, fol. 21 1. ap. Warton, iii. 307. The same writer observes, thair to remane during the Quenis grace plesoure." that the Christmas Prince, or Lord of Misrule, is almost Acts Marie, 1555, c. 40. Edit. 1566. peculiar to the English. "The Christenmasse lordes," ' The particular reason of this prohibition is not he adds that be commonly made at the nativitie of mentioned. It does not appear to have been the effect the Lorde, to whom all the household and familie, with of the Protestant doctrine. For as yet the Reforma- the master himself, must be obedient, began of the tion was strenuously opposed by the court. It was equalitie, that the servauntes had with their masters most probably owing to the disorders carried on, both in Saturnus feastes, that were ceiled Saturnalia; where- in town and country, under the pretence of innocent in the servauutes have like authoritie with their mas- recreation. The following sentence of the Act of ters, duryng the tyme of the said feastes." V. Pol. Parliament implies something of this nature, "(iif Virg. de Rer. Inventor. Translat. B. 5. ch. 2. "ony wemen or vthers about simmer treis [perhaps But notwithstanding the testimony of this respect- as "May-poles] singand, maUis iirrtnrbatwiin to the able writer, these revels seemed to have prevailed ABB [6] ABB

early in France. For we learn from Beletua, who Canons upon the eve and the holiedaie." Episcopus flourished in the church of Amiens, A. 1182, that the Puerorum, p. 115, 116. dur- It is said that he also received Feast of Foots was observed in his time ; and that, rents, duties, &c., in it the time of his office that he held a kind of ing this season, there were some churches, which during ; visitation and if he died the continu- was customary for even the Bishops and Archbishops ; that, during were solemnized to engage in sports, in the monasteries, with their un- ance of his dignity, "his exsequies derlings, and demean themselves so far as to play at with an answerable glorious pomp and sadness." Ibid. the ball. De Divin. Offic. cap. 120. The letters of Those who wish to have a particular account of the Peter of Capua, Cardinal Legate in France, A. 1198, ritual observed on this occasion, will find it in the still work cited above. It is now time to return to the con- are extant ; in which he commands Odo, Bishop of Paris, and all the clergy of his church, utterly to sideration of the Feast of Fools; which, however abolish the Feast of Fools, which prevailed in the nearly it resembled the ceremony of the Boy Bishop, church of Paris as in other churches. and although confounded with it by the Council of The Abbot of Unreason or Misrule, and the Soy Basil, was, as Gregorie has remarked (p. 119, 120), a Bishop, so well known both in England and in France, different institution. although different characters, were elected in the same This festivity was called the Liberty of December, manner, and for the same ludicrous purposes. We as being observed towards the close of that month. have seen that, in a later period, an election of this Beletus, formerly mentioned, as well as Polydore Vir- kind took place at an university. But the custom had gil, traces it back to the time of heathenism. "This been immediately borrowed from the Cathedrals and liberty," he says, "is called that of December, because Monasteries. For, in these, the younger clergy (cleri- it was in former times customary among the heathen, culi) amused themselves in this manner. So strong that in this month both male and female bond-servants, was the attachment to this kind of diversion, that not- as well as shepherds, had a kind of liberty granted to withstanding the prohibition of the Cardinal Legate, them, and enjoyed a sort of equality with their masters, referred to, it still continued in France. For admitted to the same festivities, after the har- already being " we find it interdicted by the Council of Paris, A. 1212, vest was gathered in. Some of the customs observed and afterwards by other councils. Nor need we won- at this time plainly declare a heathen origin. From der, that Popes and Councils interposed their authority, the decrees of the Council of Rome, A. 1445, we learn as the mimic prelate and his attendants introduced the that in the Ludi Fatuorum, the actors appeared larva- tis is very service of the church into their sports, in such a faciebus, with masks ; and this assigned as one manner as must have directly tended to turn the whole reason of their being prohibited. We shall have oc- into ridicule. casion to attend more particularly to this custom; under The procession of the Boy Bishop seems to have the article GYSAR, q. v. been introduced in subserviency to the Festival of the It has been seen that the Act of Parliament makes Innocents, appointed in commemoration of the slaugh- mention of "wemen or uthers sin/jand," so as to "make ter of the children of Bethlehem. It had been fan- perturbatioun to the Quenis liegis." This seems more cied, that a procession, in which beys (those belonging immediately connected with the character of the Quenis to the choir) were the principal actors, would be a of May. It is probable, however, that a custom of lively representation of the unoffending character of this kind had been attached to the festivities of the those who had fallen victims to the cruel jealousy of mock abbot. For the Theological Faculty of Paris, in Herod. It would appear, that, in the introduction a circular letter sent to the Bishops of France, A. 1444, of this rite, nothing was meant that might have an complained that the priests and clergy themselves, or immoral if so be created a or irreligious tendency ; much may having Bishop, Archbishop, Pope of Fools, ' ' said in favour of a practice, which, while it admitted during the continuance of his office, went about children to the performance of the offices of the church, masked, with monstrous aspects, or disguised in the not only tended to bring these into contempt, but ne- appearance of women, of lions, or of players, danced, made for the abuses. and in their indecent in choro cessarily" way grossest dancing sung songs," The Epixcopus Choristarum," says Gregorie, "was cantilenas inhonestas cantabant. This was not all. ' ' chosen by his fellow-children upon St. Nicholas daie. They eat fat viands near the horns of the altar, hard this daie rather than anie it is sin- Upon other, becaus by the person who was celebrating Mass ; they played noted of this St. said of at in the incensed gularly Bishop (as Paul his dice, (taxillorum), same place ; they

Timothie) that he had known the of a with smoke from the leather of old soles ; scriptures stinking " and life childe, led a sanctissime ab ipsis incunabilis they run and danced through the whole church, &c. inc/ioatum." The reason is more yet properly and ex- Du Cange, vo. Kalendae, p. 1666. pressly set down in the English Festival. "We rede Thus, although the grounds on which our Parlia- while he lay in his cradel, he fasted Wednesday and ment proceeded in passing this act are not particu- these he would Friday ; dayes souke but ones of the larly pointed out, we may conclude from analogy, that day, and ther wyth held him plesed, thus he lyued all the abuses which had prevailed in our own country in his in lyf vertues with this childes name. And there- the celebration of these sports, had been such as to fore chilldren don him wership before all other saints," merit the attention of the legislature. &c. Lib. Festivals, fol. 55. The following account is given of the election of a "From this daie till Innocents in and of daie at night (it Lord of Misrule, among the vulgar England ; lasted longer at the first) the Episcopits Puerorum was the abuses committed on this occasion. to bear the and hold " name, up the state of a Bishop, First of all, the wilde heads of the parish, flocking habited answerably with a crosier, or pastoral staff in togither, chuse them a graund captaine of mischiefe, his and a miter his the of Lord of Misrule hand, upon head, and such an one whom they innoble with title ; too som had, as was (saith one) verie much richer and him they crowne with great solemnity, and adopt those then of Bishops indeed." "The rest of his fel- for their king. This king annoynted chooseth forth lows from the same time beeing, were to take upon twentie, fourty, threescore, or an hundred, like to him- them the and style counterfaict of Prebends, yielding self, to waite upon his lordly majesty, and to guarde to their Bishop (or els as if it were) canonical obedi- his noble person. Then every one of these men he in- ence. And look what service the verie Bishop himself vesteth with his liveries of greene, yellow, or some with his Dean and Prebends (had they been to offici- other light wanton colour, and, as though they were ate) was to have performed, the Mass excepted, the not gawdy ynough, they bedecke themselves with verie same was don by the Chorister Bishop, and his scarfed, ribbons and laces, hanged all over with gold ABC [7] ABE

" is stones and other This done, Miss Brenda right," said Claud Halcro ; "1 am ringes, pretious jewels. fasdi twentie or fourtie for let-a-be, as the ; and never they tie aboute either legge belles, let-a-befor boys say with riclie hanclkerchiefes in their handes, and some- about a warrant of liberation." The Pirate, iii. -'7. times laido acrosse over their shoulders and neckes. V. BAIRN'S BARGAIN, and BYUANES. Thus all set in order, then have they their thinges LET far not to mention. their and other antickes, to- ABEE, less, hobby horses, dragons, " baudie and drum- He couldna sit, M abee stand," S. gether with their pipers, thundring daunce with all. Then mers, to strike the devil's a the their ABEIGH, adv. Aloof, "at shy march this heathen company towards church, ABEECH, " their distance used in the of S. pypers pyping, their drummers thuudring, ; chiefly West belles their haudkerchiefes fluttering jyngling, Stand abeigh, keep aloof. aboute their heades like madde men, their hobbie When thou an' I were and horses and other monsters skirmishing amongst the young skeigh, An' stable-meals at fairs were to the churcli dreigh, : and in this sorte they go throng How thou wad prance, an' snore, an' skreigli, the minister be at or though prayer preaching, An' tak the road ! and with such a confused noise dauncing singing Town's bodies ran, an' stood abeigh, that no man can hear his own voyce : and thus these An' ca't thee mad. terrestrial furies spend the sabbath day. Then they Burns, iii. 142. V. SKEICH. have certaine wherein is some ba- papers, painted This may be viewed as a corr. of abak ; unless we belerie or other of worke, and these they imagerie should suppose, from the form of the word, that it is call Lord of Misrule's or my badges cognizances. more immediately allied to Alem. bah, Germ, bach, the These to one that will them they give every give back. Isl. a but, however, is used in a sense pretty to maintain them in this their heathenish de- money much allied, as corresponding to abroad, afield. Jieimn vilrie and who will not show himself buxome to ; skal hentfeita, enn hund a hue ; The horse must be fat- shall be them and give them money, they mocked at the afield vel Hava- tened home, dog ; foris, rure, car- and flouted shamefully ; yea, and times many maal. G. Andr. p. 40. ried a and dived over heade and upon cowlstaffe, The oldest example I have met with of the use of eares in water, or otherwise most horribly abused." this word is in an allegorical song composed in the Stubs, Anatomie of Abuses, 1595. V. Godwin's Life reign of Queen Anne. of Chaucer, i. 161163. Whene'er her tail play'd whisk, Or when her look an of duties grew skeigb, A B C, alphabetical arrangement It's then the wise auld man Was to stand payable to government on goods imported blythe abeigh. Avid Gray Mare, Jacobite Relics, i. 09. or exported. " An' now the glomin comin on Reserveand to his maiestie the custumes lasses turned alvyis grit The skeigh, man ; of all alsweill inbrocht as furth guidis caryit ; quhilk They hid themsels amang the com, custome salbe tane of the saidis guidis conforme to the To keep the lads abeigh, man. particular ABC set doun aneut the saidis customes Davidsun's Seasons, i. 90. be the lordis auditouris of his hienes chekker." Acts A remark has been made on the etymology here Ja. VI. 1597, Ed. 1814, iv. 162. given, that certainly has a just claim to the reader's attention. ABE, s. Dimin. of Ebenezer, pron. q. Ebd. "It is rather singular that, at the word Abeigh, the Roxb. common English expression of 'standing at bay' should not have occurred either to Mr. Boucher or Dr. Jamie- son. The English phrase is fully exemplified by John- ABEE. To let abee, to let alone, to bear son, and derived from the French abois, which, as it not to meddle S. with, with, seems to have been originally a hunting term, and our Ha'd your tongue, mither, and let that a bee, terms of the chace are chiefly borrowed from the French, For his eild and ray eild can never agree : is probably right. If so, the Scottish abeigh is only a never and that will be seen They'll agree, ; corruption of the English at bay." British Critic, For he is fourscore, and I'm but fifteen. April 1808, p. 401. Ritson'3 S. i. 177. Songs, 176, This, doubtless, points to the true origin of the term. "0. E. alnjr, Chaucer Speght," Gl. Lyndsay. This I do not suppose, however, that abeigh is corr. from E. is not in Gl. nor I ob- word, however, Speght's ; have at bay, but that, like many other terms in our lan- served that it is used Chaucer in similar by any sense. guage, it had been originally borrowed from the Fr. Let a bee is merely a corr. of E. let be, used precisely in The Fr. word appears in a variety of forms, not merely the same manner. abois and abbots, but abai, abay, abltais, abbay, and abU, all denoting the barking of a dog. Ours most ABEE. V.LET ABEE. nearly approaches to the Fr. phrase, Tenir en aftow, faire to hold at languir, Roquefort ; Tenir en abbay, ABEE, used in the same sense as be. bay, Cotgr. To LET ABEE, to let alone, S. V. To Lat ABEFOIR, adv. Formerly, before. Be. "All and sindrie the land is, teynd-schawes, and vtheris abone specifeit, quhilkis wer abefoir vnite, LET-ABEE, used as a noun, in the sense of for- creat, and incorporat in ane haill and frie tennendrie, callit the tennendrie Acts Ja. VI. bearance, or connivance. Let-abee for let- of Dunfedling." 1609, Ed. 1814, p. 457. abee, one act of forbearance meeting another, This term frequently occurs in the same sense, MSS. mutual forbearance. in Edit. 1814 as in There maim be let-alee Aberd. Reg. ; also Pitscottie, ; p. a for let-abee, there must be a kind of com- 29, befoir. position in the exercise of mutual forbear- ABEIS, ABIBS, prep. In comparison with, ance, S. in Fife. "This is black abeis that;" ABE [8] ABL

" To this be added Isl. Su.-G. London is a big town abies strength. may bell-a, Edinburgh," valere baell-a, posse, ; baelle, potentia. Mr. Chalmers Beis, in Loth. in his Gl. refers to A.-S. abel, whence, he says, E. nbli-. This may be a corr. of albeit. In this case the re- But there is no A.-S. adj. of this signification. The s. solution would be, "Albeit the one be black, the other bal indeed signifies strength, also craft, wisdom. is more so;" 'Albeit Edinburgh be large, London surpasses it." But I hesitate as to this etymon. V. ABIL, adv. Perhaps. V. ABLE. BEIS, prep, and ALBULST. ABYLL, adj. Liable, apt. ABERAND, part. pr. Going astray, E. aber- "This woman knawing hir hous mony dayis afore ring. abyll to be segit, send to Kyng Edward, and desirit "Alssoneas the Saxonis had conquest Britane on rescours." Bellend. Cron. B. xv. c. 9. Perhaps from this manner, thay vsit the cursit ritis of Paganis, aber- Fr. habile, fit, apt. and fra the Cristin faith, & makand odoratioun to ydolis, as thay wer institute in thair first errouris." ABILYEMENTIS, ABEILYEMENTIS, s. pi. Bellend. Crou. B. viii. c. 19. 1. Dress. To ABHOR, v. a. To fill with horror. Sir Thomas Urquhart approaches very near to the ancient form of the word. It wald abhor thee till heir red, "In these so handsome and abiliaments The saikles blude that he did sched-. clothes, so rich, think not that either one or other of either sexe Lyndsay's \Varkis, 1592. p. 79. did waste time all any at ; for the masters of the Waited for. wardrobes had all their raiments and so ABIDDIN, part. pa. ( apparel ready for every moniing, and the chamber-ladies so well "S. Augustine vryttis, hou that Pelagius the hae- that in a trice retike vas condemnit in the Concile of Palaestina be skilled, they would be dressed, and compleatly in their clothes from head to foot." Ra- sindrie bischopis, bot at the last quhen he vas con- belais, B. i. 247. demnit be Innocentius bischop of Rome, he sayis that p. na farder judgement audit to be aliddin." Nicol 2. Accoutrement, apparatus of what kind Burne, F. Ill, a. soever. To v. a. To suffer for. ABY, "That certain lordis ger mak or get schippis,

wrechit ! full of ! man ignorance buschis, & vther gret pynk botis, witht nettis, & al All thow sail deir thy plesance right nl>y. cibilyenientis ganing tharfor for fisching." Acts Ja. Henrysone, Poems, p. 135. Bannatyne III. 1471, Ed. 1814, p. 100. it I Lord Hailes renders buy. But, although see no "Artilyearis & puldir, with vthir abeilyemetitis other origin than A.-S. byy-aii, emere, the E. verb does of weire," &c. Ibid. 1479, p. 126. not explain it, unless it be used in a highly metapho- s. service for the rical sense. It is certainly the same word which oc- ABITIS, pi. Obits, dead. curs in Chauc. under the different forms of abegge, Thay tyrit God with tryflllis tume trentalis, aheye, abie, rendered by Tyrwhitt as above. And daisit him with [thair] daylie dargeis, With owklie to thair For if thou do, thou shalt it dear abie. Abitis, augment rentalis, Chan. Yemane's Prul. v. 16612. Mantand mort-imunliugis, mixt with monye leis. Scott, Bannatyne Paems, p. 197. Gower uses abeye. death used in for Lat. obit-us, ; the dark ages the But I was slowe, and for no thynge office of the church performed for the dead. Annlrrr- Me lyste not to loue obeye sarium, dies obitus officium Eccle- Aaid that I nowe full sore abeye. quotannis recurrens, siasticum. Du Con/. Am. F. 70. b. Cange. It occurs in an older work. ABLACII, s. 1. "A dwarf; an expression of So it tliei salle dere abie may betide, Gl. Shirr. S. B. id. My that tliei hide, my men in prison lie. contempt," Gael, abhach, H. Brunne, p. 159. Up the kirk- yard he fast did jee, I he wat was na hooly ; i. e. mine, my property. An' a' the ablachs glowr'd to see It seems to be used in the sense of Lat. luo. nearly A bonny kind o' tulyie In one place where Virgil iises pendo, Douglas trans- Atweish them twa. lates it aby. Christmas Ba'ing, Ed. 1805.

wrechit ! he author altered this ye pepyl gan cry, The to kenyies (V. Ed. 1809) ; With cruell full dere sail pane ye aby which has a very different signification. This wilful rage, and with your blude expres The wrangis of sic sacrilege redres. 2. The remains of any animal that has become Virgil, 228, 41. the prey of a dog, fox, polecat, &c. Aberd. Palsgrave expl. the 'term in this manner: "I abye; I forethynke, or am punisshed for a thynge." B. iii. 3. A a used in a particle, fragment ; general F. 136, b. sense, Meams. Able. This be ABIL, adj. might supposed to resemble Isl. a/lag, any He wes in his yhowthede tiling superfluous, Dan. aflayt, left.

A fayre, swete, plesand chyld ; At all in fassown A adv. poynt formyd ; ABLE, BLIS, ABLINS, Perhaps, perad- AMI; of gud condityowne. venture. Wyntown, vii. 6. 344. Bot thay that lies ane conscience large, Johnson derives this from Fr. habile, Lat. habil-ix. And thinkis thay haue na mair ado, But there are various terms to which it more may pro- Bot only preiching to hike to, be traced C. B. abel. id. Mr. perly ; abl, Belg. And that but perfunctorie, Macpherson has mentioned Isl. and Su.-G. aft, Anis in four oulkis, and able ma, ABL [9] ABR

threttene cum Perchance or thai tliair, ABONE, 1. Above, God wait sa weill that flock will fair. ABOWYNE, ABOW, prep. as in Diall. Clerk and Courteour, p. 16. signifying higher place ; aboon, S. Gl. The man may ablins tyne a slot, Yorks. Westmorel. That cannot count bin kmsch. Abowne the towne, apon the southpart sid, Cherry and Sloe, st. 79. Thar Wallace wald and gud Lundy abid. A lit ins is still used, S. Wallace, viii. 746. MS. To lat you gae, gin slie speared, what'll ye give me, Obmeen is used in this sense in O. E. I've ablins said, that I sail tak you with me. Bot in the yere after, obowen Grimsby Ross's Jlelenore, p. 104. Eft thei gan aryue thorgh sonde prieuely. But to and to spare speak, spare speed ; Thorgh fals Bdrike, that tham thider hasted. She1 11 aiblins listen to vow : my R. Brunne, p. 42. Should she refuse, I'll lay dead my He also writes abouen and 82. To her twa een sae bonnie blue. abowtn, p. Hums, iv. 299. 2. Superior to, S. A. Bor. Yeable-sea, to from A.-S. according Kay, Se he that swa I find in lexicon. quhat dois, fowlly Oeable potens, (a word cannot any ) Fleys thus for his ; Proinde Yeable-sea sonat ad verbum Potest ita se cowardy Bath him and his wencusyt he, habere. And gerris his fay is abowyne be. * Barbour, ix. 94. MS. 1. ABLE, adj. Fit, proper. Sa knychtlyk apon athir sid, Giffand and takand rowtis '.'Alsua in consideratioun that his hienes cousigne roid, That pryme wes passyt, or men mycht se, and counsalour foirsaid is oy and apperaud air 'to vm- Quha mast at thar abow mycht be, quhill James erll of Mortoun his guidschir, and thairby Barbour, xv. 56. MS. maist able to succede to him, his landis, honouris and i. e. who were that had most the His maiestie thairfoir is maist willing that they superiority dignities, there. he bruik the sainyn," Ac. Acts Ja. VI. 1581, Ed. What soonest abone should be. 1814, p. 262. part Edit. Able is here nsed as synon. with HABIL, q. v. 1620, p. 277. A.-S. Abufan, id. Junius thinks that A.-S. bufan is 2. in of. Liable, danger from be ufan, which he derives from ufer, super, as binnan is from be "The said Jolinne (Achesoun) is able to decay, innan. Alem. uf, id. would have been a more natural for and his landis will be comprisit. And our said souerane etymon ufan. Su.-G. an is a added to lord, &c. having pietie of the said Johnne, quha is able particle words, which often " denotes motion towards a to wrak, i. e. liable to ruin, "for na deid nor occasioun place. V. OWE. " committit be him, bot rather for seruice, &c. Acts 3. Over. Ja. VI. Ed. 495. " 1587, 1814, p. Finding your self able to drovne, ye wald preis "Tullus rang xxxii yeris in grete glore abone the agane to the boit." Bannatyne's Trans, p. 159. Romanis." Bellenden's T. Liv. p. 57. "Woulde ye knowe if a judgement be comming on a I will tell if I finde the A term creature, you ; knaue sleep- ABRAIDIT, part. adj. applied by and in adulterie and wieked- ing snorting murther, caqienters to the surface of a ragstone, used nesse, I will say, Thou art able to get a black wak- for sharping their tools, when it has become niug." Rollock on 1 Thes. p. 237. V. ABYLL. too smooth for the purpose, Roxb. adv. In a S. ABLEEZE, blaze, O. Fr. abradant, wearing away ; Lat. abrad-ere, to " The very bushes on the ither side were ableeze. with scrape or shave off. the flashes of the Whig guns." Bride of Lammermoor, To v. a. To to ii. 247. ABREDE, publish, spread abroad, Gl. Sibb. A.-S. ABLINS, adv. V. ABLE. abraed-an, propalare. v. n. To ABREDE, To start, to fly to a side. A-BOIL, adv. To come a-boil, to to begin And thare I founde aftir that Diomede S. boil, Receivit had that lady brycht of hewe, Troilus nere out of his witte abrede. "This without any other preparation, is put into a Jfenrysone's Test. Creseide, Chron. S. P. i. 158. pot on the fire, and by the time it conies a-boil, is trans- formed into a coagulation, or jelly, of a considerable Chaucer abraide, id. [Isl. Breida, to spread.] V. v. degree of thickness." Agr. Surv. Kincard. p. 432. BRADE, 1. ABREED, adv. In breadth. S. Gl. Burns. A-BOOT, adv. To boot, the odds paid in a adv. at bargain or exchange, Koxb. ABREID, Abroad, large. The story of Achilles stout With wes browderd thair abreid. ABORDAGE, s. Apparently, the act of gold Burel's Entr. Queen. Watson's Coll. ii 9. boarding a ship. This may be derived from A.-S. al>red-an, extenders. "The master farther gettis of the ship takin be him The Isl. however affords a far more natural derivation. and the companie, the best cabill and anchor for his In this braut which language, signifies road, way ; G. Sea Balfour's Pract. 640. abordage." Lawis, p. Andr. derives from brijt, frango, because in making a Fr. abord-er, to board. road, it was necessary to break down woods and remove other obstacles. A braut, or brautu, corresponds to E. s. ABOUT-SPEICH, Circumlocution. abroad. Thus At ganga a braut, fa.ro, a braut, rida Exiles Rycht RO by abvut-speich often tymes bruit, abire, discedere. were anciently designed And semblabill wordis we compyle our rymes. brautur-gaungumenn, q. men who went abroad. Dan. Doug. Virg. 10. 1. 12. borte, bort. The vulgar S. phrase is similar. Of B ABS [10] AC

one who flies for or to it is debt, escape justice, said, ABULYEIT, ABULYIED, ABILYEIT, part, "He has tane the road," or "gate." ' ' 1. The prophecy got abread in the country, that when- pa. Drest, apparelled. ever Misticot's grave was fund out, the estate of Kiiock- With the blesand torche of day, in his lemand fresche winnock should be lost and won." Antiquary, ii. 245. Abulyeit array, riall ischit Phebus. Abraid is still used iu this sense in Ettr. For. Furth of his palice Dmy. Virrjil, 399, 39. 2. Asunder children at field. ; as, among play, 2. for the " Equipped Haud your legs abreid till I creep through," "And they that ar neir hand the Borclowris ar Roxb. ordanit to haue gude houshaldis and weill altilyrit men, as efieiris." Acts Ja. II. 1455, c. 61. Edit. 1566. Hence the Fa'n abreid, fallen down asunder, phrase, abuilyied, Skene, c. 56. ibid. Fr. HabUler, to clothe. A.-S. abraed-an dilatare, abraedde extendebat. s. S. ABSOLVITOR, ABSOLVITOUB, ABSOL- ABULIEMENT, Dress, habit, "He despited his company, and took purpose to s. A forensic used in two VITUR, term, humble himself, and come in a vile abuiliement to the different ways. 1. Absolvitur ab instantia. King, and ask pardon for the high offence that he had '' committed." 45. One is said to be absolved from the in- Pitscottie, p. It is most commonly used in the plural number, and when there is some defect or infor- stance, signifies dress in general. in the for that auld faderis war to imitatioun of Crist mality proceedings ; thereby "Thay geuyn in with pouerte ; nocht arraying thaym gold, syluer, instance is ended until new citation." Spottis- nor precious abulyementis." Bellend. Cron. B. xiii. c. woode's Law Diet. MS. 11. Vesteque precioso, Boeth. V. also Quon. Attach, c. 21. 2. Absolvitur from the claim. ''When a per- Although this is plainly from Fr. habiliment, Skinner it from and son is freed by sentence of a judge from inclines to view as corrupted abellishment*, connected with embellish. any debt or demand, he is said to have ob- tained absolvitur from the pursuer's claim." To ABUSE, v. a. To disuse, to give up the Ibid. practice of any thing. ' ' Dedans the haill remanent ressones of reductioun "At [That] the futbal and golf be abusit in tym before specefeit relevant, except in the speciall heidis & the buttis maid & schuting unit after cumrayng, up, " thairof abone written quhairfra absolvitour is geven." the tenor of the act of parlyament. Parl. Ja. III. A. Acts Ja. VI. 1597, Ed. 1816, p. 130. 1471, Ed. 1814, p. 100. Abusit is substituted for the " "Haddo for his safety and protection paid also to phrase "not to be usit in the act referred to, Ja. II. the earl 8000 merks, by whose means he had got an A. 1457, c. 71. Ed. 1566. "Nocht usyt," Ed. 1814, absolvitor, as was alledged, from these claims, long p. 48. V. VYSSIS. before, in presence of a full committee." Spaldinc, L. B. abuti, non uti. V. Du Cange. i. 304. from the use of the 3d Evidently pers. sing, of the ABUSIOUN, ABUSION, 1. Abuse. Fr. Lat. verb in this deed Absolvitur. ; Abusion. ABSTACLE, s. Obstacle. "Herefore cure souerane lord, willing to seclude and all sic ewill extor- ' ' put away abusiouns, vsis, & Att this tyme, some of the Kingis serwantis that siouns put on his peple has, be antorite of this par- came out with him, maid abstacle and debaitt." Pit- liament, ordinit to be sessit and left the taking of the scottie's Cron. p. 26. saidis Cawpis in all tymes tocum." Acts Ja. IV. 1489, Ed. 1814, p. 222. ABSTINENCE, s. A truce, cessation of arms. ' ' It was the 27 of some before the September, days 2. Deceit, imposition practised on another. expiring of the Abstinence, that the Noblemen did "The the abusion of the meet (as was appointed) to consult upon the means of mighty God, seeing King, a turned the matter so that he was taken and soon after perfect peace." Spotswood's Hist. p. 263. Pitscottie's Hist. Edin. 1768, L. B. Abstinentia, id. Ab armis cessatio. Gall, olim shamefully justified." 257. abstinence. Avons accord^ et accordons que la souff- p. His mumblit rance, ou 1' A bstinence de guerre, soit eloigne'e. Rymer, preistes absolutioun, And other false T. ii. 800. V. Du Cange. many abunoun, Tlie Paip has done inuent. Poems 16th Cent. p. 189. ABSTRAKLOUS, adj. Cross-tempered, Ayrs. AC, EC, conj. But, and. Perhaps a misnomer of obstreperous, like vulgar E. Tristrem, for sothe to say, Y wold the litel obstropulous. gode ; Ac Y the wraied never day. AB-THANE, ABTHANE. V. THANE. Ac thei ich wende to dye, Thine erand Y schal say. Sir Tristrem, 119 120. Above. p. ; ABUFIN, prep. Barbour uses ec for and, or also. "The said Robert abbot sail content the said Wil- The end King, upon this maner, liam the said of xv of tliaim that some marcis mails of the landis Comfort war him ner ; maid thaim abufin writin," &c. Act. Dom. Aud. A. 1478, p. 59. And gamyn ec solace. The This nearly resembles the A.-S. form of the prep. Bruce, iii. 465, MS. abufan. V. ABOWYNE. R. (llouc. uses ac in the same manner. ACC [11] ACH

he ac an eldore brother ther At Londone was ibore, to, anything, S. This, according to Dr. was. Chron. 468. p. Beattie, is a Scotticism. A.-S. aec, eae, Moes-G. attic, Alem. auh, Su.-G. och, "I counsel to account with ock, Belg. ook, id. This seems the imper. of the v. you lay your suffering." Walker's 56. signifying to add, A.-S. eac-an, Moes-G. atik-an, &c. Peden, p. Lat. ac old oc, modern og, old.] corresponds. [Isl. ACE, s. 1. The smallest division of any ACCEDENS, s. A terra used in reference thing, Orkn. to rent in money. 2. A single particle, ibid. "Of the first acctdena that cumis in the Den Isl. unitas in tessera seu talis monas G. of handis." Aberd. V. xvi. 525. linn, ; ; [Dean] gildis Reg. p. Haldorson. MS. Andr., Verel., L. B. Accitlenlia is as to or expl. equivalent escaeta, ACE, . Ashes, S. V. As, Ass. E. escheat ; Du Cange. I hesitate, however, whether it should not be traced to Lat. to come as accedere, to, To ACHERSPYRE, . n. To sprout, to ger- the first sum that the Dean should into denoting get minate. his hands. Thus the phrase is pleonastic. This term is used concerning barley, when in the ACCEDENT, s. An accession, or casualty. state of being made into malt. It has been generally understood as applicable to the barley, when it shoots "About this time the earl of Stirling departed this at both ends. But as the word is still used life at London, who for all his court and accedenls left commonly in Scotland, I am informed by those who should be no great estate normeansfree behind him." Spalding, best acquainted with it, that the barley is said to ach- i. 217. V. ACCEDENS. erspyre not when it shoots at both ends, but when it shoots at the of the from whicli To v. a. To claim to higher extremity grain, ACCLAME, lay to, the stalk as it is the springs up ; acherspyre that forms as one's demand right. the stalk. When the seed germinates at the lower from which the root it is said to come. "That quha that persewes not within the said space, end, springs, V. COME. In the of the in- thay, thair airis, executouris, or assignayis, sail neuer operation malting, barley observes the natural course. It first be hard to persew the samin notwithstanding quhat- variably shoots at the lower a considerable time before it acher- sumeuer iurisdictioun, priuilegeis, lawis or coustitu- end, Ere this take the roots are sometimes tiounis, quhilkis the saiois persouiu's, or ony of thame spyres. place, about an inch in As soon aa the had, lies, or may pretend, or acclame, as grantit be our length. acherspi/re. the malt is reckoned fit said soueraue Lady," &c. Acts Mary 1563. Ed. 1814, appears, for the kiln. The maltsters do not wish the to even p. 537. stalk-germ appear above the of the it "The Commissioner's G. protested that the said point seed, lest should be too much act is contraire to the perpetuall custome, and never weakened. Hence the following complaint against befoir." Acts Cha. I. Ed, V. 282. those who had been careless in this : acclamed 1814, " respect let it and shute all thrift A cclamyt, claimed, occurs frequently in Aberd. Reg. They acherspyrc, out the MS. and substance at baith the ends, quhere it sould come L. B. acclam-are, idem quod Clamare, vendicare, as- at ane end onely." Chalmerlan Air, ch. 26. serere. Acclamer quelque chose, Acclamavitips&jure From the mode of expression here used, the term, which denotes one hereditario has supradictas terras. Sim. Dunebn. V. properly germination only, has been understood as both as Du Cange. including ; especially acherxpy- ring is the last of the two. For the grain, when al- ACCOMIE, ACCUMIE, s. A species of mixed lowed to acherspyre to any considerable degree, in- deed "shutes out all the thrift and substance at baith metal, S. ends," because it has formerly come at the lower end. The term is used that miserable Scot of by writer, I strongly suspect indeed that the word come, as used Satchell, when the of the celebrated describing reliques by Skene, is to be understood at least in the general Michael Scot. sense of springing. His did seem to me to writing pen be Skinner supposes that the word is compounded of Of hardened metal, like steil, or mn/wV. A.-S. aecer, corn, and E. spire, a sharp point. As A.-S. Hist. Same of Scot, p. 34. inf/iir signifies an ear of corn, (spica, Lye), the word may have been formed from this, or Su. G, aakar corn, ACCUMIE PEN, s. A metallic pencil employed and spira, which denotes the projection of any thing for writing on tablets, S. tliixt is long and slender. Douglas uses ecAerw for ears of corn. In the Lyfe of St. Werburge, spyre occurs in v. n. ACCORD, As accords, an elliptical the sense of twig or branch. Warton's Hist. P. II. 183. a with roots at both ends phrase, commonly used in our logal deeds, Ackerprit, potatoe ; Lancash. Gl. A. Bor. V. KCHER. sometimes thus, as accords fully expressed 'of Dr. Johns, quotes Mortimer, as using acrospire in i. e. as is or conformable to the same sense with the S. also as law, agreeable, word ; acrospired a law. participle. This he derives from Gr. OKOOS, summus, the highest, and aweipa, spira. But ffvetpa denotes a This in some with the respect corresponds phrase roundel or circle, a coil of ropes, &c. and does not, like as effeiris. But the latter has a more extended signifi- Goth, spira, refer to a sharp point. Acrospire seems cation, being used to denote any thing proportional, to have been lately imported into the E. language. convenient, &c. as well as confor- fitting, becoming, It was unknown to Minsheu, although mentioned in mity. As tjfeirx of law never ocelli's, as ac- although Kersey's edition of Phillips. ronh is frequently used in this form in deeds and ju- It may be added that O. E. xpyer signifies to shoot dicial proceedings. out in an ear, as a blade of corn. "I xpyer, as corne * dothe whan it begynneth to waxe rype. Je espie. ACCOUNT, s. To lay one's account with, This wheate spyeret/i fayre, God saue it." Palsgr. B. to assure one's self to one's of, make up mind iii. F. 369, a. ACH [12] ACR

ACHERSPYRE, s. The germination of malt at To ACQUEIS, v. a. To acquire. No his that end of the grain from which the stalk swaging raging Micht mitigate or nieis : grows, S. V. the v. Sic badness and madness, Throw he did Noble. V. ATHIL. kind, acqueis. ACHIL, adj. Kurd's PUg. Watson's Coll. ii. 19. Formed from Fr. Lat. To ACK, v. a. To enact. V. ACT, v. acquis, acquise, part. arquisitiiii, acquired. s. "A ACKADENT, Expl. spirituous liquor To v. a. 1. To to the ACQUTET, quiet, bring rum," Ayrs. ; apparently resembling to a state of tranquillity. corr. of some designation beginning foreign "Becaus thair hes bene greit abusioune of justice in with Aqua. the northt partis, the pepill ar almaist gane wilde, it is tharefor statut for the acquietting of the Divided into pepill ACKER-DALE, adj. single be justice that thair be in to cum Justicis and tyme" scheriffis in thai &c. Acts Ja. IV. acres, or small portions. deput partis, 1503, Ed. 1814, 249. "He orders his affaires in Gillmertovme, from p. he did which lands he reaped as much benefite as 2. To secure. from any other of his barronies, being all of it in "In the causs be Cuthbert Menyeis of acker-dale land (except the Drum and Gutters, duely persewit Achinsell aganis Robert Menyeis of the Ennoch to payed), because of the neer neighbourhead of the werrand, and defend, to the said Cuthbert & toune of Edinburgh." Memorie of the Somervills, i. acquiet, his airis the landis of &c. Act. Dom. 168. Achinsell," Cone. A. 1489, 133. A.-S. aecer, an acre, and dael-an, to divide. V. p. L. B. sen securum from FREITH, v. sense 3. acquiet-are, quietum reddere, quietus. Fr. acquiter une terre, "to quiet a peece of it and AC LITE. ACKLYTE, adv. Awry, to one land, to rid from suits, trouble, controversie, by it from such as it recovering, or delivering, usurped ; Roxb. S. side, ; synon. Agee, to cleere the title thereof." Cotgr. Isl. MU signifies devexitas, and A.-S. hlithe jugum mantis. But perhaps the word is merely a corrup- To ACQUITE, v. a. This has been under- V. tion, q. a-gleyd. GLET'D, oblique. stood as signifying to revenge. But it is doubtful. AOORNIE, s. Apparently, a drinking vessel very with ears or handles the same with "He exhortit his men to haue curage, set asyd al ; perhaps dredour (gif thay had ony) remembring the gret spreit Quaich. and manheid of thair eldaris, that thay may acquite thair deith and thocht faucht with vnfortunat "Item, a silver cup, with silver acornie and horn ; thay spoons and trenchers." Depred. on the Clan Camp- chance of battal, that thay be nocht vnreuengit of Bellend. B. c. 13. bell, p. 80. thair ennymes." Cron. 6, Fr. acorne, honied, having horns. Ingentesque spiritus auitae virtutis recordati resu- merent : cauerentque ne, si forsitan aduersaute Marte inulti occumberent. Boeth. ACQUAINT, part. adj. Acquainted, pro- moriendum foret, It is not the death of ancestors that was to be aven- nounced as if acquent, S. acquant, S. B. ged, but their own death, if they should fall in battle. It occurs in the metrical version of the Psalms used in S. ACRE, s. "An old sort of duel fought by Thou also most entirely art single combatants, English and Scotch, be- Acquaint with all my ways. Psa. cxxxix. 3. tween the frontiers of their with "He is weel acquent wi' a' the smugglers, thieves, kingdom, and banditti about Edinburgh." Heart M. Loth. ii. sword and lance." Cowel's Law Diet. 77. In the Annals of Burton, A. 1237, we find a com- plaint, that in the diocese of Carlisle, even the abbots ACQUART, AIKWERT, adj. 1. Averted, and priors, when by any belonging to the turned from. challenged kingdom of Scotland, were wont Acram committere inter fores 2. S. utriusque fegni. Cross, perverse, Cowel conjectures that, "as this judicial sort of Dido aggreuit ay, quhil he his tale tald duelling was called camp-fight, and the combatants luke toward him Wyth acquart gan behald, champions, from the open field that was the stage of Rollyng vmquhile hit eue now here now thare, tryal, aecer among the Saxons being the same with vnstabill wauerand ouer al : Wyth sycht quhare campus, the borderers on Scotland, who best retained And all enragit thir wordis gan furth brade. the Saxon dialect, called such Gamp-fiyht, Acre-fight, Dmig. 112, 26. Virgil, and sometimes simply Acre." The word here used is aversua. by Virgil Acquart It does not appear, however, that there is any affi- is still used in this S. as is aukward in and sense, E., nity between Lat. camp-us as denoting a plain, and A.- has been derived from A.-S. acwerd, aversus, per- S. camp, certamen, bellum. The monkish writers versus. might indeed think that they were originally the same, and thus substitute Acra, denoting a plain or level ACQUATE, pret. Acquitted. for as if the latter had been " field, camp, originally Dqe find and declair, that the said noble Erie synonymous. Alexander Erie of Levin worthily acquate himself of I have met with no other proof of this use of the the great place and trust was putt vpon him to be ge- term. It corresponds in so far, however, with that of uerall of thair armies." Acts Cha. I. Ed. 1814, V. Isl. and Su.-G. hdlmr, which literally signifies a river- 517. island as the for ; but, being place generally chosen ACR [13] ACT

This has single combat, was hence used to denote the place of been generally viewed as referring to the action of the blood of cortibat : Campus, in circulum baculis inclusus, quern symbolically eating body and sibi describebant in certamen singulare descensuri, the Saviour. By some, however, it has been supposed forte exinde, quod in more positum erat veteribus, CT- that it may have been borrowed from the Fr. phrase sulas ejusmodi duellis eligere, ut ignavo omnis elaben- for thanksgiving, Action de grates. The following day in di via prajcluderetur. Ihre, vo. ffolme. Hence hdlm- S. is commonly called the T/umksyiviny Day. ganga, descensus ad certamen. ACTIOUN, s. Affairs, business, interest. " ACRE-BRAID, s. The breadth of an acre, S. Yit sa far as pertenis to our actioun, consider that our are to fecht we neuir Wad Phillis loo me, Phillis soud possess ennymes aganis ws, quhome offendit with iniuris." Bellend. Cron. B. Sax acre-braid o' richest pasture grass. 6, o. 1". Picken's Poems, 1788, p. 104. Quod ad rem nostram maxime attinet. Boeth.

s. A leathern ACRER, s. A very small proprietor, S. A. ACTON, jacket, strongly stuffed, ' worn under a coat of mail. "54,097 7 : 3 belongs to lesser commoners, includ- anciently ing those small proprietors known by the provincial Our historian Lesly describes it as made of leather. name of acrerers [L. acrers], portioners, and feuars." Lorica hamis ferreis conserta muniebantur, hanc tu- Agr. Surv. Roxb. p. 15. nicac coriaceae non minus firmae, quani elegauti (nostri Acton dicunt) superinduerunt. De Orig. Mor. et Gest. To ACRES, ACCRESCE, v. n. 1. To increase, Scot. Lib. i. p. 53. According to Caseneuve, the auqueton was a doublet stuffed with cotton, to gather strength. anciently well pressed and quilted, which military men wore Ay the tempest did acres, their under coats of mail ; and, in latter times under And na was to les lykin grow their for more the stroke Hot rather to be mair. cuirasses, effectually resisting of a sword or lance. Grose says that it was "com- Burel's PUg. Watson's Coll. ii. 81. posed of many folds of linen, stuffed with cotton, Fr. Aecrois-tre, id. accroiat, increase. Lat. accrescere. wool, or hair quilted, and commonly covered with leather made of buck or doe skin." Milit. Antiq. ii. 2. is still in This term used our law, as express- 248. ing that one species of right or claim flows "It is statute, that induring the time of weir, tliat ilk laick landed man haueand ten punds in anil from, and naturally falls to be added to, its gudes geir, sail haue for his bodie, and for defence of the principal. Realme, ane sufficient Acton, ane basnet, and ane "Accresce denotes the accession of one part, to the gloue of plate, with ane speare and sword. Quha lies of another a not ane Acton and basnet he sail haue ane property part ; as, when person dispones ; guile the of and ane irn for property any subject, whatever nght afterwards habirgeon, gude Jak his bodie ; and befalls to him or his heirs, accresces to the purchaser, ane irn knapiskay, and gloues of plate." 1. Stat. Rob. as if it had been in his person when he disponed." I. ch. 26. Spottiswoode's Law Diet. MS. Fr. Hoqueton; O. Fr. auqueton, haucton; Germ. hockete; L. B. Aketon, acton. Matthew Paris calls it Alcalto. Caseneuve contends that its name is To ACT, ACK, v. a. To require by judicial proper alcoto, which he whimsically supposes to be formed of authority ; the same with E. Arab, al coto nearly enact, and cotton ; adding, that auqueton with this difference, that there is a transition anciently signified cotton, for which Tie quotes various authorities. Du inclines to derive the term from the deed to the person whom it Cange regards; from C. B. actinim, given by Boxhorn, as an old forensic S. signifying, term, lorica dupla, duplodes. But the most probable deri- "Seing I am actit in the buikis of the said commit- vation is that of M. Huet, mentioned Diet, de Trev. tee not to depairt aff the towne without licence I am He views Fr. hoqueton as a diminutive from hoque and heavilie damnefied," &c. Acts Cha. I. Ed. 1814, V. hougue, which occur in Monstrelet. Ces grands clercs 361. a ses rouges huques. Huqne, he supposes, was used "That Thomas Kenedy of Bargeny be ackit to con- for huche, which denoted a piece of female dress. tent & pay to the saidis William & Marioune the soumo The word, he adds, is Flemish. Belg. huyk is an old of twentj li for certane merchandiss & lent siluer kind of cloak, which in former times was worn by aucht to the said vmqhuile Schir Patrik be the said women. Most probably, however, the word was not restricted to female dress. Kilian renders Thomas." Act. Dom. Cone. A. 1491, p. 221. For huyckt d, ab i. e. "The said Robert grantit, in presens of the lordis, toga, pallium ; q. hoedke, hoedtn, a tuendo, that he haid causit the said Adam to be akkit in the sicut toga a tegendo. What favours this etymon r officialis buk for the - from is that Fr. is defined soume of j merkis," &c. Act. huycke, hoqueton by short Dom. Cone. A. 1493, p. 310. Cotgr. "a coat, cassock or jacket without sleeves, and most in fashion among the country ACTENTIKLY, adv. Authentically. people:" Colobion, sagum, Diet, de Trev. In the " XVth century, to Lobineau, The first was maid be our soue- according h-xquet signified gift vmqhuile cotte d'armes. Thus, huyk a cloak or mantle ; rane lord in the tendir and of the said vm- denoting nonage its diminutives and our hoquet hoqueton may have been quhile souerane lord, and was thareftir reuokit ; primarily used to signify the jacket or short coat woni and ua new gift, confirmacioun, nor infeftment ac- by peasants, and, in a secondary sense, a stuffed jacket tmtikly gevin agane sene the said reuocacioun." Act. for the purpose of defence. The phraseology used by Dom. Cone. A. 1478, p. 31. French writers shews that the hoqueton was properly a piece of common dress. For Cotgr. calls "a ACTION the SERMON, designation com- souldier's cassock, or horseman's coat-armour," hoque- ton de monly given in S. to the sermon which pre- guerre. cedes the celebration of the ordinance of the ACTUAL, adj. An actual minister, some- Supper. times an actual man; a phrase, still used by ADA [14] ADI

the vulgar, to denote one who is ordained to ADEW, gone, departed, fled. the office of the ministry, as distinguished And like as that the wyld wolf in his rage, Kuawand his recent fait and from one who is licensed to grete outrage, merely preach; Quhen that he has sum young grete oxin slane, o. Or than werryit the nolthird on the plane, Tofore his fais with wapinnis him persew, "The hath an actual minister, Mr Bishop presented Anone is he to the hie mont adew, fit and for the now George Henry, qualified charge, And hid him selfe ful fer out of the way. to the Act of fallen into being, according Parliament, Doug. Virgil, 394, 37. his hand, jure aevoluto." Wodrow's Hist. i. 181. Used as an adj. in an oblique sense, from Fr. adieu, Q. in actu; L. B. actus, officium, ministerium ; Du which sometimes approaches pretty near to this. Cange. Adieu est aussi un terme de de cha- I find this term commandement, has the sanction of Parliament. de grin, ou refus, lorsqu'on chasse, ou congeclie quelqu' "The deane of the said chaptoure, with samony of un. Apage te. Diet de Trev. thame as salhappin to be assembled, sail proceid and chuse the his maiestie to no- persoun quhome pleased ADEW, part. pa. Done. minat their and recommend to electioun ; he alwayis On Kertyngaym a straik chosyn he hais being an actuall minister of the kirk, and sail elect In the byrnes, that was full none vther then ane actual minister to be so nominat polyst brycht ; The punyeand hed the plattys persit rycht, and recomendit be his maiestye as said is." Acts. Ja. Throuch the stekit him but body reskew ; VI. 1617, Ed. 1814, p. 529. to dede that Derffly chyftane was adew ; Here we have a conge' d'elire without any disguise. Baithe man and horss at that strak he bar down. Wallace, vii. 1199. MS. ADAM'S WINE, a cant phrase for water as It has been suggested, that Kertyngaym should be a our first father to beverage, being supposed read Kercyngaym in MS.; the name of the person have known nothing more powerful, S. being Cressingham. This is not, like the a use of "Some take a mutchkin of to their preceding, figurative porter dinner, Fr. adieu but from ; A.-S. adoa, tollere ; but I sloken drowth wi' Adam's wine." Sir A. facere, adon, my' God thanon ado to heora agnum lande ; God thenceforth Wylie, i. 107. took away their own land. Oros. iii. 5. ap. Lye. *. The stone to be ADDER-BEAD, supposed . ADHANTARE, One who haunts a place. formed by adders, Nithsdale. " " Vaigaris, adhantaris of aillhoussis, &c. Ab. Reg. Ye maun sleeve-button't wi' twa adder-beads, Wi' unchristened fingers maun plait down the breeds. ADHEILL, s. That district in S. now called Remains Nithsdale Song, p. 111. V. BEAD. Athol. This is the old orthography. s. The same with Adder-bead, ADDER-STAKE, I wate weile S. That thar the erle wes of Adheill. Barbour, iv. 62. "The glass amulets or ornaments are, in the Low- The same in it lands of Scotland, called Adder-stanes, and by the MS. In Wallace is Adell. Accord- to " Welsh Gleini na Droedli, or Druid-glass, which is in ing Garnett, Adh signifies happiness or plea- Irish and oil Blair a clear of Glaine nan Druidhe, glaine in this language sig- sure, great (as plain woods), so that the nifying glass, tho' obsolete now in the Welsh dialect, Blair-adh-oll," name of the fine valley and preserved only in this Gleini na Droedh. The extending from Blair Castle to Dunkeld, "probably last means the which is two kinds [of monuments of the worship of the great pleasant plain ; very descrip- tive of it." II. 44. Druids, of glass, and of earth bak'd extremely hard], Tour, were ornaments or as were also those magical gems, ADIENCE. To to make of chrystal and agat, either perfectly spherical or in gie adience, room; the figure of a lentil." Toland's Hist, of the Druids, as, to give a wall adience, not to confine it Lett. I. 16. in its extent, Fife. It is viewed as synon. "The very same story is told of the Adder-stanes [in with S. scouth. L. B. is used for the Lowlands of Scotland] which Pliny relates of the adjenc-iae Druid's Egg, without the omission of one single circum- adjacentiae, appendices. stance." Ibid. Notes, p. 273. Dedit dictae villae intus et extus, & totius territorii aisanciarum & ADDETTIT, part. pa. Indebted. (easements), adjendarum pertinenciarum ejusdem; Du Cange. Fr. adjanc-er signifies to set I that was by enuy and haitrent fitly, to match duly, to put handsomely together. Of myne awne pepil with thare hale assent Expellit from sceptre and my ryng, my ADILL, ADDLE, s. 1. Foul and putrid And was addettit for my misdoing water. Unto onr cuntre to liaue sufferit pane. 351, 7. Doug. Virgil, As on the altaris, birnand full of sence, i.e. I owed it, debueram, Virg. Fr. endebtt, id. The sacrifice scho offerit, in hir presens, Ane to * grisly tiling tell, scho gan behald Foul to sub- In blak ad-ill the hallowit watter cald ADDLE, adj. ; applied liquid "an addle a Changit in the altare, furth yet wynis gude stances; dub," filthy pool, Clydes. Anone returnit into laithlie blude. 51. ADE, ADIE, s. Abbreviations of Adam, and Doug. Virgil, 115, Latices nigrescere sacros. Virg. pron. Yedie, South of S. "Ade Bell. Ade Graham." Acts 1585. III. 391. 2. The urine of black cattle, Renfrews. 393. Adie Bell, 392. Hence, To addle, v. a. to water the roots of " plants with the urine of cattle, ibid. Weel," quo' she', "my life, my Adie," Fouth o' bless live in thy words ! E. addle occurs only as an adj., "originally applied A. Scott's 173. to Dr. Poems, 1811, p. eggs," says Johnson, "and signifying such as ADI [15] ADR

produce nothing." He derives it from A.-S. adel, a of the said Archbishope of Glasgow," &c. Acts Cha. disease. But A.-S. cull has also the sense of tabum, I. Ed. 1814, vol. V. 151. The as here to filthy gore ; Tout, adel, filth, mire. The same word, term, used, might appear signify as is said to among the Ostrogoths, and in other parts of Sweden, property, such as a pendicle of land, it denotes the urine of cattle. Ihre observes, that C. B. naldfew. addail : to C. B. signifies faeces and, according Davies, set hadl is marcidus, putris. Su. -G. adl-a, mejere. ADMINICULATE, part. pa. Supported, forth. ADJOUKNAL, Acte of, . ADIORNALE, "I remit to these two defences The to the record of a you particularly designation given of an extrajudicial confession, and the promise of life in a for- the chancellor the sentence passed a criminal cause; given to me thereupon by ; upon whereof I am content to and to ensic term, S. verity die, ready lay life and will be such to down my ; hope your charity "The saidis to with thame and personis bring pro- me, a dying man, as not to mistrust me therein, espe- duce befor said lord Gouernour and thre estatis of my cially since it is so notoriously adminiculate by an act the acts parliament pretendit of Adiornale, sentence, of secret council, and yet denied upon oath by the and of forfaltour, decernand that the said proces principal officers of State present in council at tin- Jhone Lord Glammis had committit art and of part making of the said act." Crookshank's Hist. i. 381. the and nocht of the cousiling reueling conspiratioune Lat. adminicul-ari, to prop, to support. and imaginatiouue in the distructioune of vmquhile our souirane lordis maist nobill of persoune gude mynd, To ADNULL, v. a. To abrogate, to annul. quhem God assolye, be pusoune [poison], emaginate "That our soverane lord, with avise of his thre and conspirit be vmquhue Jonet Lady Glammis his estatis, will adnull all sic thingis." Acts Ja. IV. 1489, moder," &c. Acts Mary 1542, Ed. 1814, p. 420. Ed. 222. Sometimes the term occurs by itself. 1814, p. "All nis blunt boultis and artelyerie ar "As at mair lenth is contenit in the said process, pithles to infirm and adnull his awin cause rather than adiornale, decrete, convict, and dome of foirfaltour schot, to strenthe the samin." N. Quest. Keith, foirsaid." Ibid. p. 577. Winyet's It seems also used as to App. p. 222. equivalent register. Lat. adnull-are, from ad and null-its. "Ordanis lettres to be direct chargeing all sic per- sonis as ar or salbe fund in registeris or adlornall, ADOES, ADDOIS, s.pl. 1. Business, standand denunceit rebellis, and at the home to com- ADOIS, affairs. peir personalie," &c. Acts Ja. VI. 1590, p. 525. The books in which these records are justiciary It is frequently used in this sense, Aberd. Reg. MS. contained are called the Books ofAdjournal. Whether "Thai wer directit be his Maiestie to returne with- the term from the of the court to originated power in this realme ffor certane his Maiesties speciall adoii from time to I to deter- adjourn time, cannot pretend within the same." Acts Ja. VI. 1592, Ed. 1814, p. mine. 568. " They directit Capitane Wauchop with his band to- To ADIORNIS, v. a. To cite, to summon. ward Aberdiene, be sea, to Adame Gordoun, lieuten- "Tha had adiornist him tharfor as insufficient stuf." nent in the north for the queene, to supplie him in his Aberd. Reg. A. 1545, v. 20. Fr. adjourn-er, L. B. addois." Hist. James the Sext, p. 168 . id.' as I adjorn-are, This is merely the pi. of E. ado ; which, as far have observed, occurs, in that language, only in the On this side. In S. it is ever used in ADIST, prep. singular. scarcely except" pi. Dr. Johns, has said that this is formed from the v. "I wish you was neither adist her, nor ayont her." " to with a before as the Fr. from a and S. Prov. Spoken to them who jeer you with some do, it, affaire faire." But Mr. Todd has justly remarked that the woman that you have an aversion to." Kelly, p. 399. is A.-S. ado-a facere. It might seem allied to Germ, diss, hoc, with a pre- origin

fixed, as equivalent to on ; thus on this signifying, 2. It is very commonly used as denoting diffi- (supply) side. " like E. ado I had ain It is pron. adiest, Ayrs., and is differently expl., culties, ; as, my as on that side to signifying, ; being opposed anniest, adoes," i.e. peculiar difficulties, S. which is rendered, on this side, and applied to the that is nearest. It indeed seems A.-S. object merely To ADORNE, v. a. To worship, to adore. on neawi^te, in vieinia, prope ad, Bed. v. 12, from neah, like "Bot vtterly this command forbiddis to mak ymagis near, nigh ; formed E. aside, from on aide, &c. to that that thai suld be adornit & wirschippit This word is not only pron. adist, but at/tist Dumfr. effeck, as goddis, or with ony godly honour, the quhilk sen- be thir wordis Non adorabis ea s. Collateral tence is expremit ; ADMINICLE, proof. nor ntque coles ; Thow sail nocht adorne thame wirschip "Quhilkis writtis maliciouslie obscurit, being thame as goddis." Arbp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, gif thai be falss, of deceiss of quhill proces tyme, Fol. 23, b. parties, wittnessis, and writtaris, tak away all admi- nicles of improbatioun," &c. Acts J. VI. 1598, ADOW. Naething adow, worth little or no- Ed. 1814, p. 184. thing, Roxb. "When it is to be proved by the testimony of v. to be A.-S. witnesses, the pursuer ought, in the general case, to From the Dow, able, dug-an, prodesse, produce some adminicle in writing, i. e. some collateral valere. deed referring to that which was Tost, in order to found the &c. action," Ersk. Inst. B. iv. tit. 1, sec. 55. ADRAD, part. adj. Afraid, Upp. Clydes. Fr. adminicule, help, aid, support. A.-S. adraed-an, timere.

ADMINACLE, s. ADRAD, part. pa. Afraid, Gl. Sibb. " Having no relation to any adminacle haldand few Chaucer, adrad, adradde, A.-S. adraed-an, timere. ADR [16] AEF

L. B. advis-are does not seem to have been used ADRED, adv. Downright, from Fr. adroit, actively, merely signifying, consulere, deliberare. or droit, and this from Lat. directus, Rudd. To BE ADUYSIT with. To be ready to give ADREICH, adv. Behind, at a distance. To judgment, in consequence of deliberate in- follow adreich, to follow at a considerable vestigation. distance, S. B. "The haill wreittis and probationis being red, sene ' ' The he standis a dreich fra he heris more it, ay & considderit be the saidis haill estaitis of parliament, the better." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 6. Remotissime, and thay thairtm'eA being ryiplie aduysit, findis, de- Boeth. ceniis," &c. Ibid. p. 11. Skinner mentions adrlgh, quoting these words, al- though without any reference : To v. n. To sometimes " ADVOCATE, plead ; The King's Doughter, which this sigh, as used actively, S., to advocate a cause ; Lat. For pure abashe drew her adrigh." advocare. They occur in Gower's Conf. Fol. 70. It is evidently the same word, explained by Skinner, Prae mero metu "For men seldom advocate against Satan's work and se e conspectu subduxit. He erroneously derives it sin in themselves, but against God's work in them- from A.-S. drif-an, adrif-an, pellere. V. DRBICH. selves." Ruth. Lett. P. ii. ep. 2. Lest. ADREID, con/. ADVOUTRIE, ADVOUTRY, s. Adultery. And tho for feir I swet "She allso to be devorced from his hir procured hym Of langage ; hot than anone said scho, leeful wiff, uppon a of that he had List thou se farlies, behald thame charging hymself, yonder lo, lived in with one Yit studie nocht ouir mekill adreid thow warie, frequent advoutry, specially Lady Reress." Anderson's IV. P. 101. 0. Fr. For I persaue the halflings in ane farie. Coll., 1, p. &c. Police of Honowr, iii. st. 65. advoultrerie, advoutire, V. AVOUTERIE. Mr. Pinkertou in his Gl. renders warie in the two To v. a. To adore the same with senses of get worse and curse. Adreid is undoubtedly ADURNE, ; the imperat. of A.-S. adraed-an, timere, used as a Adorne. Seed is used in the same S. B. V. conj. sense, REED, "Gif ye deny Christis humanitie, be ressoun of the v. and conj. inseparable conjunctioun thairof with his divinitie, to be adurnit ar confundit the of ADRESLY, adv. With good address. ; ye alrady by exemple the thre kingis quha adurnit him in the crib, and be Of the multitude gret pepil exemple of utheris also in the Evangel." N. Winyet's On ilke sid, that thare by stud, Questionis, Keith's Hist. App. p. 238. Commendyt heily his aifere, His aporte, and his manere, ADWANG. As he hym hawyt adresly, At when turn'd And his court taucht sa vertuously, length dancing adwang, As he resemlyd a Lord to be Quo' aunty, Mains, ye'll gie's a sang. Of hey state and of reawte. W. Seattle's Tales, p. 11. Wyntmtm, ix. 27, 317. This should have been printed a dwang, literally a toil or labour, i. e. tiresome from continuance. To v. long ADTEMPT against, n. To disobey, V. DWANG. Aberd. Reg. V. ATTEMPTAT. AE, adj., s. 1. One, S. To v. a. To avert. ADVERT, Ah, checjuer'd life ! Ae day gives joy, Fra my sinnes advert thy face. The niest our hearts maun bleed. i. 180. V. the letter A. Pvems 16th Cent., p. 116. Ramsay's Poems, 2. Used with in an intensive ADVERTENCE, ADUERTANCE, s. 1. Ret- superlatives inue. sense, S.

He's he's ! he's frae us The king is into Paris, that sail I warraud, gane, gane torn, And all his aduertance that in his court dwellis. The ae best fellow e'er was born ! Burns's on Ga.pt. Henderson, iii. 426. Rauf Coilyear, C. j. b. Elegy "Come to my hand, thou lang taper spearment the 2. advisers. Adherents, abettors, half o' thy virtue has never been kent. Thou art the " a hizzie o' In the hender end of the quhilk counsall they blewe ae softest thing fond damn can sew in the o' her smock." Blackw. out on Schir William of Crechtoun, and Schir George hem Mag. Aug. 1820, p. 513. of Crechtoun, and thar advertence." Short Chron. of It has been justly observed to me by a literary Ja. U. p. 36. friend, that this use of the S. word resembles that of Fr. advert-ir, to give advice. Lat. unus. Justissimus unus To v. a. To Advise a ADVISE, Cause, or Qui fuit in Teucris. Virg. ^En. ii. 426. Process, to deliberate so as to give judg- AE-B EAST-TREE, s. A swingle-tree by which ment on it a forensic ; phrase, S. " only one horse draws in ploughing, Orkn. And desyrit the estatis to aduise the process, and to thair pronounce sentence of parliament thairintill ac- AE-FUR, adj. Having all the soil turned over to the " cording saidis probationis and thair consciencis the in one Acts Ja. by plough direction, Clydes. Sel- VI. 1593, Ed. 1814, p. 9. " kirks. And desyrit the saidis estaitis of parliament to ad- uise the depositions of the saidis witnessis and vtheris " s. Ground which admits of probationis, and to pronunce thair sentence, &c. Ibid, AE-FUR-LAND, p. 11. being ploughed only in one direction be- AEF [17] AFF

Oodhede, but cause of its steepness, in which only one Afald ay testing discrepance, In personis thre, equate of ane substance, can be as the furrow drawn, plough always On the I cal with humyl hart and milde. Douy. Virgil, 11,27.' returns without entering the soil, Selkirks., The term is still commonly used in the first sense, Clydes. and pronounced as if written aefald, S. From a one, and fold fold. V. the letter A. This composition, AE-FUK-BRAE, a synon. phrase, ibid. in the same sense, is common in the Northern

Moes-G. Matt. '-"_'. AE-HAUN'T, adj. Single-handed, S. O. languages ; ainfalth, simplex, 6, Isl. einfauld; Sw. enfaUiy, A.-S. anfeald, Alem. and "They wadna be a jiffy o' ye like a gled, gripping Franc, einfalta, einfaltiliho. Germ, einfalt, Belg. they're no sae ae-haun't." Saint Patrick, i. 220. q. eenvoudig, (vouw, a fold) ; q. having only one fold. having "one hand." The formation of Lat. simplex differs, as denying the existence of any fold, sine plica. V. ANEFALD. A E-POINTIT-GAIRSS, s. Sedge-grass, a species "James Erll of Mortoun maid fayth and gaif his of Lanarks. i.e. -carex, ; single-pointed grass. ayth that he sould gif his aufauld, leill, and trew The reason why this tribe of plants is denominated counsall in all thingis sould happin to be proponit in Ae-pointit Gairss, is because the points of its blades are counsale." Acts Ja. VI. 1579, Ed. 1814, p. 121. sharper and much more stiff than those of rich succulent It is also written Aw/all and Kffauld. grass. "That the said WilUame sail tak awfall, trew, and plane part with him and his foirsaidis in all and sindre AE, adj. Only, S. his and thair actionis, quarrellis," &c. Acts Ja. VI. Ed. 624. Thou kill'd my father, thou vile Southron, 1592, 1814, p. everie ane of us sail tak And thou kill'd my brethren three, "Wee, and trew, rffauld, Whilk brak the heart o' my ae sister, plane and upricht pairt with him, to the defence and I lov'd as the light o' my ee. mantenance of his quarrell," &c. Bond to Bothwell, Young Maxwell, Jacobite Relics, ii. 33. Keith's Hist. 381. " 1567, p. His sister only dying with grief for her father, and three brothers slain." Ibid. N. p. 273. AFAST, adj. V. the letter A. I wrot him back, that ye yeed an" frae me, Wi' time at in enough hame time to be ; adv. AE, Always, E. aye. And in gueed heal, and seem'd as sair agast To hear the news, and fairly'd as a fast. "O but ae I thinke that citie must be glorious!" Z. This took him by the stammack very sair, &c. Boyd's Last Batt. p. 807. Rosa's llelenore, p. 34. Johns, mentions A.-S. awa, Gr. aft. But he might This cannot as fast i. have signify, wondered ; e. wondered referred to some synon. terms which have a nearer " as much as the other did. first resemblance Isl. In edit, it is, fairly'd ; ae, semper ; Su. -G. ae, nota univer- It that this is a used in sali tatis, oinni e ossafast." appears, phrase ae-tid, tempore ; aevum, emy aeternus ; the of the literal of which Isl. aefe, Alem. eua, as well as Lat. higher parts Angus, meaning Belg. eeuwe, acv-um, the author himself did not understand ; ami therefore seculum ; Moes-G. aiw aeterumn. that he hesitated as to the mode of writing it. There can be little reason to doubt is AER, s. Oar. that as afa*t the proper it is mode ; or that radically the same with A.-S. aew- "Na man sail or is buy herring, any fish, quhilk faest, juris, legis, religionis tenax, religiosus, Lye, vo. brocht in the to the before the shippe towne, ship Facet ; from new, lex, and firmus. The idea on and jus, faest, ly dry land, put forth an aer." Stat. Gild. ch. seems borrowed from one who is under the influence of 22. B. 1. V. Arc. terror as the religious ; corresponding with preceding term ayast, or aghast, not improbably deduced from a 1. rather AFALD, AFAULD, AEFAULD, adj. [perhaps A.-S. on], and goat spectrum, q. ter- rified like one who has seen a The idea Honest, upright, without duplicity. spectre. might seem more fully expressed, did we suppose that A.-S. Tharefore, my derest fader, I the pray, Do al sic doutis of eye, oga, terror, whence E. awe, had constituted the suspitiouu away ; first But I have met with no of Gif ony sic thochtis restis in thy mynd, syllable. example eyt- In this And traistis wele Enee a/aid and kynd. faest. case, the literal signification would be, or rivetted Doug. Virgil, 471, 39. "fixed," with awe. "It is auisit and sene speidfull, that the said coun- AFALDLY, adv. sall now chosin in this present Parliament be sworne ^Honestly, uprightly. in the his "The faderis, for fere of the intertenit Kingis presence & thre Estatis, to gif his Tarquinis, hienes a trew and afald counsall in all maters con- the pepill with continual benefactis and gudis, to mak cerning his Maiestie and his Realme." Acts Ja. IV. thame stand the mair afaldly at thair opiuioun." Bel- 1489, c. 28. Edit. 1566. lend. T. Liv. 137. " p. We faithfullie and solemnelie swear and promeis, to tak a To v. a. To endea- trew aefauld and plain pairt with His Ma- AFYAND, attempt, to jestie and oure for amangis selfis, diverting of the vour, to try. appearand danger threatned to the said and religion, Warly thai raid, and held thar horss in aynd, His Majesties estate and thair- standing depending For thai trowide weyll Sotheron wald Baud of afyand upon." Maintenance, Coll. of Conf. ii. With haill at 109, power anys ou tliaim to sett : Bot Wallace kest thair power for to lett. Wallace, v. 874. MS. Perth Edit. id. 2. It is used to denote the of the divine unity But in Edit. 1648, it is to A.-S. afand- essence in a changed offend. of to trial of Trinity persons. ian, tentare, prove or make ; Somn. R. The Bruune uses in afauld God in Trenyt.'* feende the game sense ; immediately Bring ws till his me'kill blis from A.-S. id. hey ; fand-ian, Quliar alwuyis lestaud liking is. Earbour, xx. 618. MS. AFF, adv. 1. Off. AFF [18] AFF

But that I'll he set thinkna, man, off sae, AFFECTIOUN, s. Relationship, consan- For I'll hae satisfaction ere I gae. or Ross's Helenore, p. 81. guinity ; affinity. " As to this particle, the S. corresponds with most of That na persone offerit to pass vpoun assyissis Isl. salbe thai attene to the aduersar the Northern dialects ; Moes-G., Su.-G., and of, repellit quhan partie Alem. ab, Dan. of, Belg. of, id. G. Andr. and Jun. in the lyke or nerrar greis of that same sort of affrc- derive it from Gr. airo, which, before a word beginning tiomi." Acts Ja. VI. 1567, Ed. 1814, p. 44. is L. B. &c. with an aspirate, a'. Ihre observes from Priscianus, Affectw, filii, consanguinei, uxor, nepotes, that in Old Lat. af was used for ab, as in the Laws of Caritates dixit Ammianus Marcellinus. V. Du Cange. the Twelve Tables. Sei Pater filiom ter venum duit, The use of the term is evidently metaphorical, from o/'patre liber estod. that tenderness of affection which ought to subsist be- Aff at the knot, lunatic, S. B. Gl. Shirr., perhaps tween those who are nearly related. from the idea of a joint being dislocated. Aff or on. It is desired that one should be either AFFEIRING, adv. In relation or proportion; as, or that he should determine one or ano- '' aff on, way It's no sae ill said of he should either strike affeiring to," any ther ; as in merchandise, that work done a who could not have the bargain, or entirely break it off. Aff and on. by person Those who lodge on the same floor are said to be off been expected "to do it so well, Ettr, For. V. and on. A sick is also said to be and on as person off AFFERIS, EFFEIRS, v. he was, when there is no discernible difference in his situation. Su.-G. af och on is used in a different AFF-FA'INS, s. S. sense, as denoting an unsettled state, ultrocitroque, pi. Scraps, castings, Ihre. "Her kist was well made up wi' aff-fa'ins." H. Blyd's Contract. 2. and on as he situation. Aff was, What has fallen off. Sw. affall-a, to fall off. This use of the phrase, however, does not seem quite Afraid. accurate. It appears to be more strictly applicable to AFFERD, part. pa. a as that there is fluctuating state, perhaps intimating There is na drede that sail mak vs afferd. no the occasional permanent change, notwithstanding Doug. Virgil, 30, 17. variations of the disease. Chaucer, offered, aferde. A.-S. afaered, id. The word is still used by the vulgar in E. 3. It is equivalent to E. unsteady, vacillating, as S. regarding conduct, AFFERIS, EFFEIRS, v. impers. 1. Becomes, This adv. is also used with the addition of about. belongs to, is proper or expedient. Aff and on about, much about; as, "Aff and pretty The kynryk yharn I nocht to have, on about twenty," i.e. twenty or thereabout, S. Bot gyif it fall off rycht to me : And God will that it sa as gyff be, AFF, prep. From, off, denoting lineage, I sail als frely in all thing Hald as it to S. it, a/eris king ; Or as eldris forouch me ' ' I could show letters frae his that was myn ye father, Hald it in freyast rewate. third to &c. Rob the off Gleustrae, my father," Koy, Barbowr, i. 162. MS. ii. 233. In the same sense this term frequently occurs in our ANE'S or unfit for work laws. AFF FIT, weakly, any ; "It is sene that restitutioun be maid of "I never saw him sae sair his speidfull, as, aff jit victuallis, that to and passis Berwyk," Roxburgh, Ing- [foot] as now," S. land vnder sic pauis, as effeiris. Acts Ja. IV. 1456. c. 67. Edit. 1566. V. ABULYBIT. AFFCAST, s. A castaway. 2. It is sometimes used as what is "Intheminde, in the hart and conscience of him signifying that hes sa smored and oppressed his faith, it will oft i proportional to, S. times come to in his awin pas judgement, hauing-his "That the diet be deserted against all Resetters, eies fixt on him self onlie that he will thinke him to ; they taking the Test, and such as will not, that be a to be ane and neuer able to re- reprobate, offcast, these be put under caution under great sums effeir- couer mercie." Bruce's Serm. on the Sacr. 1590. ing to their condition and rank, and quality of their T. b. Sign. 4, crimes, to appear before the Justices at particular diets." Act Council, 1683. ap. Wodrow, ii. 318. s. 1. The termination of AFFCOME, any Rudd. thinks that it may be derived from Fr. af- the one meets with business, work. But it is evidently from 0. Fr. business, reception ; as, faire, '' an v. used in sense first. I had an ill I came off with an affiert, impersonal precisely affcome," n' ne convient V. Cotgr. Affierta, conviendra ; affiert, ill I was not well received. il vous il vous convient. Rom. de la grace, pas ; affiert, Rose. The author of the Gl. to this old book says, 2. It is also sometimes used in the sense of that the term is still used in Flanders. "Afferir, a Ce lui escape; S. Su.-G. Afkomst, reditus; from vieux mot. Appartenir. On dit, qui affiert, pour dire, Ce qui lui convient." Diet. Trev. It needs df of, and komm-a, to come. scarcely be added, that the Fr. v. has evidently been "I we'll hae a "I'm for the houp gude affcome." derived from Lat. affero, from ad and/ero. Accords a fear for the Tennant's Card. good oncome, affcome." is now frequently used in the same sense in law-deeds. Beaton, p. 156. V. EFFEIR, v. 3. An evasive excuse, or something foreign AFFECTUOUS, adj. Affectionate. to the of subject discourse; hedging; as, "Weaucht to lufe our self and sa our " nichtbour, That's a puir a/come," S. with ane affectuous & trew lufe vnfenyetly." Abp. AFF [19] AFF

Hiiiniltoun's Catechisme, 1551, Fol. 39., b. V. AFFLUFE, AFF LOOF, ode. 1. Without book, KFFECTUOUS. off hand. To repeat anything afflufe, is to AFFER, AFEIR, EFFEIR, EFFERE, s. 1. deliver it merely from memory, without hav- Condition, state. ing a book in one's hand. S. ' the left had the Qulien King spering, 2. without S. 1 1 vs charge to the gud King tauld he. Extempore, premeditation, And he said, he wad blythly se How snackly could he gi'e a fool reproof, Hys brothyr, and se the affer E'en wi' a canty tale he'd tell aff loof! Off that cuntre, and of thar wer. llamsay's Poems, ii. 11. Barbour, xvi. 27. MS. Whene'er I shoot wi' my air gun, Davidson's Seasons, 183. ...Fele tyraes in haisty effere for drede Tisay aff loof. p. The portis vesy thay, gif ocht war nede. 3. Forthwith, out of hand. Doug. Vir,jil, 280, 38. immediately, " Sae I was ca'd in to the and sent awa 2. Warlike for war. praesence, preparation, equipment off'loof tae speer ye out, an* bring ye tae speak tae the To Schortwode Schawe in haist thai maid thaim boun, muckle fo'k." Saint Patrick, i. 76.

a thai thar maid : Chesyt strenth, quliar lugyng In offer a thar still he bald. gud quhill AFFORDELL, adj. Alive, yet remaining. Wallace, iv. 514. MS. Effeir, Edit. 1648. In the MS. history of the Arbuthnot family, writ- Erll Patrik, with xx thousand, but lett, ten in Latin on the one with an English transla- Befor Dunbar a stalwart sege he sett. page, tion on the the word occurs thrice thus : Thai tald Wallace off Patrikis gret affer. opposite page, Thai said, Forsuth, and mycht him our set, "Of his brether sum ar ye Fratrumejusaliijamobi- " Power agayne rycht sone he mycht nocht get. erunt, alii etiam supersunt. dead, utheris yit affordeU. viii. 166. MS. Wallace, Et liberos alios quorum "Of quhais posterity tamen aut non mi- aither nane or ar 3. show. poster! affordeU, Appearance, pereunt, aut ignorantur. unknawin." And to Scone in raid syne hy he, Quarum nonullae una "Of quhais posteritie Ami wes maid but king langer let, cum posteris supersunt. sum yit ar affordeU." And in the kingis stole wes set : This seems akin to the S. to the As in that tyme wes the maner. nearly phrase, fore. the termination dell be allied to A.-S. as Bot off thair noble gret offer, Whether dad, Thar seruice, na thair realte, signifying in part, is uncertain. The term most close- Ye sail her na thing now for me. ly resembles the Buchan word Fordals, "stock not Barbmtr, ii. 182. MS. exhausted." V. FORDEL, adj. It has perhaps the same sense, as restricted to military s. or for appearance, m the following passage : AFFPUT, Delay, pretence delaying, Harnest on horss in to thair armour cler, S. A/putting, Delaying, trifling, dilatory, To seik Wallace thai went all furth in feyr; S. A thousand men weill garnest for the wer, putting off, Towart the wode, rycht awfull in affer. Wallace, iv. 528. MS. AFFRAY, *. Fear, terror. than thai 4. Demeanour, Stonayit sa gretly war, deportment. Throw the force off that fyrst assay, That fre answered with That thai war in till " fayr ajeir, gret affray. And said, Schir, mercie for your mycht! Barbour, ix. 605. MS. Thus man I bow and arrowis beir, id. Fr. of Chaucer, affre, effroys, a fright ; evidently Becaus I am ane baneist wycht." Gothic origin. Murning Maiden, AlaMand Poems, p. 207. This word seems to have no affinity with the pre- AFFROITLIE, adv. Affrightedly, Rudd. ceding v., and as little with Fr. affaire, business. It Fr. Effroyer, to frighten. is to all appearance radically the same with Fair, fere, q. v. To AFFRONT, v. a. To disgrace, to put to S. AFFGATE, s. A mode of disposing of, an shame, outlet to merchandize an ; applied ; a/gate AFFRONT, s. Disgrace, shame, S. for goods, Loth.; perhaps rather a/get, q. to "This sense," Dr. Johnson remarks, "is rather get off. peculiar' to the Scottish dialect." The only example he of it is from a Scottish writer. "gives AFFHAND, used as an adj. 1. Plain, honest, Antonius attacked the pirates of Crete, and, by his too was defeated the sense of to free great presumption, ; upon blunt, given speaking, S.; aflin-hand, which affront he died of grief." Arbutnnot on Coinn. Ang. From aff and hand. This word is also used adverbially in the same sense AFFRONTED, part. adj. Having done any thing with E. without off hand, premeditation. that exposes one to shame, S. Wer't my case, ye'd clear it up aff-hand. ii. 154. Jtamsay's Poems, AFFRONTLESS, adj. Not susceptible of disgrace Ah ! chiels ne'er stand Symie, rattling or shame, Aberd. To deck, and spread the grossest lies a/-hand. Ibid. p. 88. AFFSET, s. 1 . Dismission, the act of putting 2. Forthwith, without Loth. delay, away, S. Moes-G. a/sat jan, amovere. Ere they flinch they will a/hand E'en gae their ways. The Har'st Rig, st 108. 2. An excuse, a pretence, S. AFF [20] AFW

But words I winna langer using be, AFTERCOME, s. what comes Nor will sic do the turn with me. Consequence, a/sets South of S. Ross's Helenore, p. 85. after, "And how are ye to stand the aftercome? There AFFSIDE, s. The further side of any object, will be a black reckoning with you some day." seorsum from and S. Su.-G. a/sides, ; af off, Brownie of Bodsbeck, ii. 9. sida side. "I fear she is ruined for this world, an' for the aftercome, I dare hardly venture to think about it." Ibid. ii. 48. AFFTAK, s. A piece of waggishness, tending to expose one to ridicule, Fife. AFTERCUMMER, s. A successor. "That he and all his bruik the AFFTAKIN, s. The habit or act of taking o/, or qftercummers may samen, as a pledge and taiken of our good-will and others to ridicule, ibid. exposing kindness for his trew worthiness." Letter Ja. V. 1542, Nisbet's Heraldry, i. 97. AFLAUGHT, adv. Lying flat, Roxb. q. on from the same in flaught ; origin \vithflaucht AFTERGAIT, adj. 1. Applied to what is Flauchtbred. or seemly fitting; as, That's something that is somewhat as it to AFLOCHT, AFLOUGHT, part. pa. Agitated, aftergait, ought be, or after the in a flutter, S. proper manner, Lanark. " Al this day and nicht bygane my mynd and body 2. not Tolerable, moderate, what does exceed ; is aftocht, specially sen I hard thir innocent men as as, "I'm ill o' the toothache; but I never cruelly tormentit." Bellend. Cron. B. ix. ch. 29. sae it's Nulla quies detur, Boeth. V. FLOCHT. mind lang as ony way aftergait ava," Roxb. AFORE-FIT, A'FORE-FIT, adv. Indiscrimin- " It is to the I'll if applied weather ; as be there, the all without ately, exception, Upp. Clydes. ; day's ought aftergait," ibid. From the prep, after, and q. all before the foot. gait, way, q. "not out of the ordinary way."

To v. n. To follow. AFORGAYN, prep. Opposite to. AFTER-GANG, With hamstram thrimled thro' the Aforgayn the schippisay, great they thrang, And gae a nod to her to As thai sailyt, thai held thair way. aftergang. Ross's 86. Harbour, xvi. 555. MS. Helenore, p. It would that this v. is used in the This may be from A.-S. ofer over, and yean, agen, appear higher parts of A.-S. contra; or, by an inversion of Su.-G. gent-ofwr, gen or Angus. aeftergan, subsequi. and trans. Or it ijent, signifying contra, ofwer may AFTERHEND, adv. Afterwards. V. EF- have the same origin with FOREANENT, q. v., also FORE- GAINST. TIRHEND.

AFT'RINS, s. 1. The last AFORNENS, prep. Opposite to. AFTERINGS, pi. milk taken from a Lancash. The castelle than on Twed-mowth made, cow, S. Set ewyn a-for-nens Berwyke, Derbysh. id. A.-S. aefter, post. Alem. Wes to be down. tretyd castyn Schilter. Wyntmmi, vii. 8, 899. afterin, posteriora; V. FORE-ANENT. Stane still stands hawkie, he her neck does claw, Till she'll frae her the massy affrin-s draw. Morison's 185. AFRIST, adv. On trust, or in a state of delay. Poems, p. V. v. 2. The in a more sense FEIST, remainder, general ; as, " the o' a East of Fife. AFTEN, adv. Often, S. aft'rins feast," Thus when braid flakes of snaw have cled the green, 3. Consequences, Ayrs. Aften I have young sportive gilpies seen, ' ' I have been the strict in The waxing ba' with meikle pleasure row, more setting down these Till their it did circumstantials, because in the of that past pith unwieldy grow. bloody afterings" Ramsay's Poems, i. 322. meeting they were altogether lost sight of. R. Gil- haize, iii. 88. Lye views A.-S. aeft, iterum, as the origin of E. oft. s. The interval between AFTER ANE, adv. Alike, in the same man- AFTERSUPPER, and the time of to Lanarks. in one form, S. i.e. one. supper going rest, ner, after Belg. by V. FORESUPPER. een is used in the same sense. ...A' my time that's yet bygane, AFTERWALD, s. That division of a farm She's fix't my lot maist after ane. which is called in other of Scot- Cock's Simple Strains, p. 69. outfield parts land, Caithn. s. AFTERCAST, Consequence, effect, what ' ' The outfield land (provincially afterivald) ." Agr. ensue; as, ''He durst na do't for fearo' may Surv. of Caithn. p. 87. the aftercast" Roxb. Can this have any affinity to the A.-S. phrase, aefter tham secus in wealde, sylvam ; q. ground taken from the forest ? AFTER-CLAP, .?. Evil consequence. Gl. Sibb. AFWARD, adv. Off, away from, Renfr. AGA [21] AGE

This can soothe our sorrowing breasts, seems properly to denote time considerably remote, or Want and care set afward whizzing. long past. I hesitate as to its relation to A.-S.

. He kames his hair, and We haena mense like cruel indeed, gaes right snug, man ; With ribbon-knots at his blue bonnet lug ; Yet tho' he's paukier far than we, he wears a Whilk pensylie thought a-jee. Whatreck ! he gangs as aft aglee. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 75, 76. Picken's Poems, i. 67. V. GLEY. Tod Lowrie wi' head slee, ogee, adv. the Despis'd baith Pitt and Hood man, AGLEY, A-GLY, Off right line, And Cecil and a' his Wray, fry ; obliquely, wrong, S. He kent his friends were gude, man. But, mousie, thou art no lane, R. Galloway's Poems, p. 208. thy In proving foresight be vain : To look to look aside Gl. Yorks. V. v. may agye, ; JEE, The best laid schemes o mice an' men Gang aft a-gly. 2. a little S. A-jar, open, Burns, iii. 148. V. GLEY. But warily tent, when ye come to court me, *. nearest And come nae. unless the back-yett be a-jee ; AGNAT, AGNATE, AGNET, The Syne up the back-style and let nae body see, relation by the father's side. And come as ye were na comin to me. " It is ordanit anent the breif Burns, iv. 98. of tntorie that he that is nerrest.agnet, and of xxv yeiris of age, fulfilling 3. It is sometimes applied to the mind, as ex- the laif of the poyntis of the breif, salbe lauchfull tu- the childe that to be in pressive of some degree of derangement, S. tour, suppois happynis tutory haif ane yong brother or sister," &c. Parl. Ja. III. A. "His brain was awee agce, but he was a braw 1474, Acts Ed. 1814, p. 106, 107. Agnat, Ed. 1566. for a' that." Tales of iv. 161. ' ' preacher My Landlord, George Douglas's brother was cognosced nearest Chalmers's Life of i. 278. To AGENT, v. a. To manage, whether in a agnate." Mary, From Lat. agnat-i, kindred by the father's side. court of or S. from law, by interest, &c., ; Hence most probably Fr. aine, anciently aisne, eldest, first born derives it the s. ; although Menage from ante natun. Fr. ainesse, Norm, ainneesche, primogeniture, seem "The Duke was solicited to this carefully agent merely corr. from Lat. agnatio, relationship by the fa- weighty business, and has promised to do his endea- ther as it this ; was that gave the birthright. vour." i. 9. " Baillie, Thir were before this complaints strongly agitated AGREATION, . Agreement, Fr. committee, whereof the lord of Balmerinoch was pre- " " The of all in these king- sident, agented also by the laird of Craigievar. Spald- government companeis domes can have no reference to a ing, i. 303. popular agreation of all the vndertakers." Acts Cha. I. Ed. 1814, vol. To AGGREGE, AGGREADGE, v. a. To V. 229. aggravate, to increase, to enhance. AGREEANCE, *. Agreement, Aberd. "Quhareye aggrege our iniuris be reiffyng of cer- "The committee of estates of parliament travail be- tane ilis fra our dominioun, we vnderstand ye ar na " tween them for agreeance, but no settling. Spalding, lauchfull jugeis to geif decision of iniuris or richtis ony i. 338. to ws or our Bellend. Cron. B. xiii. pertening liegis." at "Haddo seeks peace, friendly ; but no agreeance c. 17. Exaggerate, Boeth. home nor abroad. Ibid. ii. 98. "The Assembly hereby declares that presbyteries have a latitude and liberty to aggreadge the censures adv. Flat or grovelling. V. above specified, according to the degrees and circum- AGRUFE, stances of the offences." Acts of Assem. GRUFE. " 1646, p. 312. Therefore to transact so with God, whilst I foresee such a thing, were only to aggrege my condemnation." AGWET, the name anciently given to the Guthrie's Trial, p. 243. hill on which the castle of Edinburgh stands. Fr. aggreg-er, id. evidently from Lat. aggreg-are, to at is the account John associate; to gather together. Such, least, given by Hardyng. of of he Speaking Ebranke, king Britain, says ; To v. a. He also the castell AGGRISE, To affright, to fill with made mayden strong, horror. That men nowe calleth the castel of Edenburgh, That on a rock standeth full hye out of throng, With fyre infernale in myne absence also On mount Agwet, wher men may see out through I sail the follow, and fra the cald dede Full many a tonne, castel and borough, from Reyf my membrys thys saul, in euery stede, In the shire about. It is so hye in syght, sail My goist be present the to aggrise, Who will it scale, he shall not find it light. Thou sal, vnwourthy wicht, apoun thys wise Chron. Fol. 20. b. Be punyst wele. - This perhaps is a corr. of the name which is said to Doug. Virgil, 113, 17. have been imposed on this hill, in the language of the This word is nearly allied to S. grouse, to shudder. whence ancient Britons ; Mynyd Agned, mount Agned, as used both Agrise, by Chaucer, signifies to shudder, it is pretended the fortress was called Castelh mynyd and to make to shudder. In the last sense, it is said calls the ; Agned ; Arnot's Edinburgh, p. 3. H. Boece I coude have told Lordings, you (quod this frere) town itself Agneda. Hist. Fol. 12, 58. Swiche that hertes peines, your might agrise. "C. B. agen signifies a clift, ageniad a rifting, and Sompn. Prol. v. 7231. agenedig cleft. Thus, Castelh Mynyd Agnet might be A. -S. horrere. agrys-an V. GKYIS. equivalent to "the castle of. the rifted mount."

s. An abbrev. of the name exclamation uttered AGIE, Agnes, S. AHECHIE, interj. An B. in ludicrous contempt, Loth. V. HECH, HEGH. AGLEE, AGLET, adv. Aside, in a wrong used in direction, S. O. a moral sense. AHIN, adv. Behind, Aberd. AHI [23] AIG

" Mysel' gaed creepin' up ahin, adv. to this time He's AY, Still, ; as, ay An' stappit slee and siccar. he is still S. Cock's Simple Strains, p. 121. livin'," alive, My mither's ay glowrin' o'er me. Old Song. AHIND, AHINT, prep. Behind, S. To AICH, v. n. To echo, Clydes. 1. Behind, in of S. ehint, Cumb. respect place, The lintie's blithe on the gowden whin. An' the the id. gowdspink on spray ; Bat fat did Ajax a' this time ? But blither far was the marmaid's sang, Aichan frae bank to brae. E'en lie like idle tike ; He steer'd na' sin Sigeia's hill, Marmaiden of Clyde, Edin. Mag. May, 1820. Bat slipt ahint the dyke. AICHER . A head of oats or bar- Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 22. (gutt.) fiindar. Shall Orkn. V. ECHER and ECHERSPYRE. A.-S. hirulan, fiost ; Moes-G. hindana, ley, we suppose that there is any affinity with Isl. hinna, s. An oath. Aberd. A. immoror ? AYCHT, Reg. 1548, V. 20. V. ATHE. 2. Late, after, in regard to time, S. A mere perversion in orthography. or is 3. Applied to what remains, left, S. AICHUS, HAICHUS, (gutt.) . A heavy It seems that lad has stown heart your awa", which causes one to And ye are following on, wi' what's ahind. fall, respire strongly, Ross's Udenore, p. 68. Mearns from v. ; apparently HECH, HEGH, 4. Denoting want of success in any attempt " AIDLE-HOLE, *. A hole into which the or as, Ye've fa'n ahind project ; (ahint) urine of cattle is allowed to run from their there," i. e. you are disappointed in your stables or byres, Ayrs. V. ADILI,, ADDLE. expectations, S. " By the general mode of treatment, a hole is dug at the outside of the which contain from two 5. Expressive of error or mistake in one's sup- byre, might to three hundred and is termed the aidlf-hole." in to S. gallons, position regard anything, Agr. Surv. Ayrs.

0. Marking equality as to retaliation, when it s. to " AID-MAJOR, Apparently equivalent is used with a I shan- negative prefixed. E. adjutant. na be ahint wi' I shall be even with you," "That particularly it may be granted us, to choose you, I shall be revenged on you, S. the laird of Carloups, and the laird of Kersland, or Earlstoun, be admitted for aid-major." Society Con- In the two last senses, it has nearly the power of an tendings, p. 395. adjective. , s. A term to a beast of the To COME IN AHINT one, v. n. To take the AYEN, applied herd of one old also to a child advantage of one, S. year ; ; " Buchan. Pron. as E. Had M'Vittie's folk behaved like honest men," he aye. "he wad hae liked ill to hae come in ahint them said, AYER, s. An itinerant court. and out afore them, this gate." Bob Roy, iii. 265. " Thar lordis ilkm^n be himself is in ane amercia- To GET ON AHINT one, to get the advantage ment sic as efferis to be taken in the said Justis Act. Audit. A. 57. of one in a bargain, to take him in, S. ayer." 1476, p. I know not if the phrase may allude to a stratagem AIERIS, s. pi. Heirs, successors in inheri- often practised in a state of hostility, when an enemy tance. was wont to make another his prisoner by leaping on "Robert Charteris of that the horseback behind him, and forcibly holding his hands. Aymisfelde protestit delay aneut the landis of Drumgrey suld turne him adv. Turned down to na prejudice his possessioun, nor to his AHOMEL, upside ; ap- tuichinge aieris anent the richt and of the to a vessel whose bottom is possessioun samyn." plied upwards, Act. Dom. Cone. A. 42. Roxb. 1472, p. *. A term used old in From a for on, and Quhtmle, q. v. AIFER, by people Ettr. For. to denote the exhalations which s. as in AICH, Echo ; pron. v% Gr. nxpr vox. arise from the ground in a warm sunny This is the only term used in Angus to denote the now almost : ; obsolete Startle-o-ntolne repercussion of sound. In the Gothic dialects, Echo day has had no common appellation. It is evident that our and Summer-couts, synon. forefathers have originally considered it as something Tent, alcerye, praestigiae, delusiones ; ludus, lusus ; supernatural. For it has received a variety of from larvam personal alv-en, agere ; ludere ; formed from alf, designations. In A.-S. it is called or the Wudu-maere, alve (E. elf), incubus, faunus. Isl. aefr, hot, fierce, woodland ; maere not confined to the nymph being kindling. night-mare, but used as a generic term. The North- ern nations give it the name of Dwerga-mal, or the AIGARS, s. Grain dried very much in a of the speech Fairies, Pigmies, or Droichs, (for our for in a or hand- word Droich pot, being ground quern acknowledges the same origin) which were supposed to inhabit the rocks. The Celtic nations mill, S. B. seem to have entertained a similar idea. For echo in Ulphilas uses Moes-G. akran to denote grain of any Gael, is i.e. "the Mactaluh, lone son of the rock." kind. As in S. all grain was anciently ground in this AIG [24] AIL

the to in general, s. S. way ; word, originally applied grain AIK, AYK, The oak, at when new modes of preparation were might length, Bot yone with couerit hedis by and by. be restricted in its as denoting introduced, meaning, With ciuile crownis of the strang aik tre, was after the old form. that only which prepared Sail beild and found to thy honour, quod he, of dried in this Aigar-meal is meal made grain manner; Momentum ciete, and Gabios the toun. of this meal. and aigar-brose, a sort of pottage made Doug. Virgil, 193, 1. BROSE. Su.-G. Isl. corn, Ihre ; V. aker, akur, seges, Plur. akis, Doug. Virg., 169, 18.; A.-S. ac, aec; Alem. A.-S. Germ, aehr, Alem. ahir, spica ; aecer, achyr; eih, eiche; Su.-G. ek; Isl. eik; Germ, eiche; Belg. fructus wackarhafr, fer- Franc, uuachar, autumnales, eike, id. tilis. Some have derived these words from Moes-G. as anlc-a; Alem. auch-on ; Belg. ceck-en, &c., augere, AIKER, s. The motion, break, or movement

the increase of the field ; from eh, denoting others, eg, made by a fish in the water, when swimming ech, acies, because of the grain being sharp-pointed. a rather be viewed as Roxb. ; swaw. Perhaps Moes-G. akrs, field, may fast, synon. as Su.-G. aker denotes both the the origin ; especially Isl. iack-a, continue agitare. field itself and its produce. Eared AIKERIT, adj. (pron. yaikert). ; weil To v. a. To to be indebted. full ears to AIGH, owe, aikent, having ; applied grain. Aighand, owing. S. B. Tweedd. V. AIGARS. Su.-G. aeg-a, id. lag aeger honom saa mycket ; s. The name illi Ihre. Isl. But as the AIKIE GUINEAS, given by Tantum debeo ; eig-a. we flat primary sense of these verbs is, to possess, may children to small [pieces of] shells, view ours as also allied to Moes-G. aig-an, A.-S. ag-an bleached the sea, Mearns. Thus a transition has been made by habere, ppssidere. from the idea of actual possession, to that of a right to Aberd. MS. what AIKIT, pret. Owed, Reg. possess : and the term, which primarily signifies to what he to have. Gr. one has, is transferred ought AIKRAW, s. The Lichen scrobiculatus. ex-u, habeo, seems to have a common origin. Linn. This is only a provincial name con- is to one fined to the South of S. V. STANERAW. s. pi. What owing ; AIGH1NS, " L. Scrobiculatus. Pitted Lichen, with especially used as denoting demerit. When warty broad glaucous leaves; Anglis. Aikraw ; Scotis aus- one threatens to correct a child, it is a com- " tralibus." Lightfoot, p. 850, 851. mon expression, I'll gie you your aighins." S. B. AIKSNAG, s. V. SNAG. Our in form, to Moes-G. word, closely corresponds s. 1. from the of a debts AYLE, A projection body aigtns, possessio. Aagiez, in O. Fr. signifies ; one of the of the Rom. de la Rose. church ; wings transept. 2. An inclosed and covered burial ad- To AIGHT, EGHT, v. a. 1. To owe, to be place, indebted. Aberd. joining to a church, though not forming this part of it, S. It has received designa- 2. To to be the owner own, of, ibid.; synon. tion as one of the or Audit. V. AIGH. being originally wings, a projection. " s. Donald was buried in the laird of Drum's aile, with AIGLET, A tagged point. " woe hearts and doleful shots. ii. 282. Fr. d. aculeata. It is also a many Scalding, esguilette, q. explained id. as used Moes-G. alh, templum ; A.-S. alh, by jewel in one's cap. Gl. Sibb. Caedmon. V. Jun. Goth. Gl. Hence perhaps by trans- position, A.-S. heall, Su.-G. and E. hall. AIGRE, adj. Sour. Fr. " when it becom so Wine, hath not only aigre, but AILICKEY, s. The bridegroom's man, he rotten also, as it can neither be counted wine nor serve who attends on the bridegroom, or is em- for vineger, may then not only be condemned as repro- as his at a bate, but even iustly bee cast out as not only improfit- ployed precursor, wedding. able but also noysome and pestilent." Forbes's Dis- On Friday next a bridal stands covery of Pervers Deceit, p. 7. At the Kirktown. I trow we'll liae a merry day, or to And I'm to be the Alikay. AIKEN, AIKIN, adj. Of belonging oak ; The Farmer's Ha', st. 51, 53. oaken, S. "The bride appoints her two bride-maids, and the " That ane man of honour be send to the said king bridegroom two male attendants, termed ex officio of Denmark with letters for supplicatouris bring- Allekays." "The victor's meed of honour [in riding hame of aikln is laitlie inhibite to is of ing tymmer, quhilk " the broose] a pair gloves, and the privilege of be sauld to the inhabitantis and of this liegis realme, kissing the bride, who is now led home by the allekays, &c. Acts Ed. 545. Mary 1563, 1814, p. her maids having previously decorated the breast of An auld kist made o' wands, their coats with a red ribbon, the badge of office." Wi' (liken woody bands, Edin. Mag. Nov. 1818, p. 412. And that may ha'd your tocher. It appears that the same term originally denoted a Maggie's Tocher, Herd's Coll. ii. 78. footman or lacquey. V. ALLAKEY. Through aiken wud an' birken shaw This is the only word used in Ang., although in The "winsome echoes rang. other parts of S. he who holds this place is called the Marmaiden of Clyde, Edin. Mag. May 1820. best man. AIL [25] AYQ

is most ancient as com- This word probably very ; 2. To expire, without including the idea of in- Germ, A.-S. pounded of Su.-G. r, e/ie, aeioe, marriage, to breathe spiration ; upon. and Sw. lackay, Germ, latfi, a runner, explained uy servus a from Su.-G. "Efter his resurrectioun he eatulit on thame and Wachter, cursor, pedibus ; lack-a; " : the Hamiltoun's Germ, lack-en, leck-en, currere. This name might be said Ressaue ye haly spreit. Abp. as he to it not Catech. Fol. 133, b. very properly given ; whom belongs only serves the bridegroom, but is generally sent to 3. To blow as the action of the meet and bring home the bride. \\ achter observes, upon, denoting that the word lak has been diffused, by the Goths, air. through France and Spain, to which Italy may be " or twichit be Gif thay fynd thair eggis ayndit men, added. For hence Fr. ; lacayo; Ital. lacrjuay Hisp. thay leif thaym, and layis eggis in ane othir place." The v. lak and laeka are lacchi; Eng. lacquey. traced, Bellend. Descr. Alb. ch. xi. Ejus anhelitu et afflatu both Wachter and to Gr. a term to by Ihre, Xof applied vel leviter imbuta, Boeth. TTU xai manibus and the feet, Xaf , pedibusque ; by a Hence aynding, breathing ; and aynding ttede, the former, viewed as related to E. ley, Su.-G. laegg, breathing- place. Isl. leijij-r, and Ital. laeca. The donk nicht is almaist rollit away, And the feirs orient wil that I withdraw ; s. S. AILIN, Sickness, ailment, I feile the aynding of his horsis blaw. IMntg. Virgil, 152, 34. a. The contraction of the female AILSIE, Thare may be sene ane throll, or aynding stede, " Of terribil Pluto fader of hel and dede. name Alison ; as, Ailsie Gourlay," Bride Ibid, 227, 41. Spiracula, Virg. Lam. ii. 232. Isl. and-a, Su.-G. and-as, respirare. Ihre views the

verb formed from the noun ; and it is evident that adv. Once, S. V. Ams. #s AINCE, the latter is much more frequently used with us than former. Su.-G. and-as often to die. AINCIN, adv. 1. Once, Ettr. For. the signifies Hence are formed Isl. andlat exspirare, and Su.-G. " He'll V. INLAKE. 2. Used as equivalent to E. fairly ; as, aendalykt. ride very weel, gin he were aincin to the not Sel- AINLIE, adj. Familiar, estranged ; Le., fairly set a-going, ibid. road," kirks.; given as synon. with Innerly. for S. This seem to be the same with AINST, adv. Used Aince, might radically Su.-G. wenlig, familiar. But, as ainlif is viewed as Scren. at enast as a Sw. provincial phrase- sig- gives with which affectionate, 1 una vice. synon. innerly, signifies nifying, if it !* would prefer Isl. einlaeg-r, sincerus, ingenuus ; to not merely from atn, our own, and lie, q. attached AIN, adj. Own. V. AWIN. what is viewed as one's own. AYND, END, . Breath. . adv. Once. V. ANIS. thiddir thai him broucht AINS, With gret payne ; He wes sa stad, that he ne mocht hot with draw AINSELL, Own self, used as a s. S. Hys aynd gret paynys ; law. " Na spek bot giff it war weill They are wonderfu' surprised, no doubt, to see no iv. 199. MS. Jiarbour, crowd gathering binna a wheen o' the town bairns that This sayand with richt hand has scho hynt had come out to look at their ainsellg." Reg. Dalton, cuttis in tua or that scho Tlie hare, and stynt, i. 193. And tliare witli all the naturale hete out quent, And with ane of the out went. of puft aynd lyi'e AYNDLESSE, adj. Breathless, out breath. 55. Itmiy. Virgil, 124, - - Quhile to quhile fra, O. E. onde breath. It also signifies vehement fury. Thai clamb into the crykys sua, lialff the thai had Seynt Edward the yonge martir was kj ng of Engelonde : Quhile crag clunibyn ; Yong y marterid he was thoiw trecherie and onde. And thar a place thai fand sa brad MS. Lives of Saints, Ol. R. JSrunne, in vo. That thai mycht syt on anerly. And thai war handles and wery : Leulyn had despite of Edwarde's sonde, And thair abad thair to ta. Bot wcrred also tite on him with nyth & onde. aynd Bartxmr, x. 609. MS. R. Brunne, p. 237. " But in edit. 1620, instead of handles it is with the utmost malice and vehemence ;" Gl. Hearne ayndlegst, which is the true for the sense adds, "It is a French word, signifying a wave which undoubtedly reading, well the follow- it is requires it, as as the connexion with goes with force." But merely a metaph. use of line. The effect of climbing up a steep rock, that the word primarily signifying breath, spirit. Isl. ing on which the castle of is here ex- ande, and; Su.-G. ande; A.-S. and. G. Ajidr. derives Edinburgh stands, pressed. It may be observed, that there are various the Isl. word from Heb. J"I2N, anahh, suspiravit, gemuit, evidences that the edit. 1620 was printed from a MS. Lex. 12. p. different from that written and now in the A. Bor. the breath by Ramsay, yane, ; y being prefixed, like Adv. Library. A.-S.

that Isl. aar the AIR, AYR, AR, ARE, adv. 1. Before, for- denotes smallest object imaginable. Primitivum ininutissimum quid, et TO arofuiv significans; merly. G. Audr. in Sanct Jhonstoun, disgysyt can he fair Till this woman the quhilk I spak of ayr. AIR, AIRE, AYR, AR, s. An oar. Wallace, iv. 704. MS. A hundreth shippis, that ruther bur and ayr, The as I sade Cliffurd, ar, To turss thair gud, in hawyn was lyand thar. And all his war. rout, rebutyt Wallace, vii. 1066. MS. Barbmir, xii. 335. MS. Then schippyt thai, for owtyn mar, Thare was ane hidduous battall for to sene, Sum went till ster, and sum till ar, As thar nane vthir are had bene. bargane And rowyt be the ile of But. Virgil, 53, 45. Doug. Barbmir, iii. 576. MS. 0. E. are, before, R. Glouc., R. Bruime.- O. E. are, Ritson's A. M. Rom. A.-S. and Alem. 2. Early. Very air, very early in the morning, are; Isl. aar; Dan. aare; Su.-G. ara, id. Some de- rive this term from Su.-G. to as S. Airer and airest are used as the ar-a, plough ; sailing cbmp. is often the waters. and metaphorically called, ploughing superl. "The tyde of the sea betwixt this yle and Jvra is so " that it is not to either It is a common proverb, An air winter's a sair violent, possible passe it, by or at certane times." winter," S. sayle ayre, except Descriptioun of the Kingdome of Scotlande. AIRNESS, s. The state of being early, S. as This is still the pronunciation of the north of S. It " occurs in a Prov. to one who has too the airness o' the crap" or harvest. applied many undertakings, or who engages in a variety of business Of this assege in thare hethyng " at once : He has o'er many airs i' the water." The to raak " Inglis oysid karpyng ; Come I come I " are, late, AYR, s. An heir. I faud Annot at the yhate." AIR, AIRE, Wyntown, viii. 33, 143. And ruihen it to the king wes tautd Off Ingland, how thai scnup till hauld A re morrow, early in the morning. he all That castell, wes angry ; I irkit of and not my bed, mycht ly, And callyt his sone till hym in hy, Bot me in wedis dressis : gan blis, syne my The eldest, and aperand ayr, And for it was are morrmv or of messis tyme A young bacheler, and stark, and fayr, I hint ane and furth tuke scripture, my pen ; Schir Eduuard callyt off C'arnaverane. thus of the twelt buke. Syne began Virgil Barbour, iv. 71. MS. Doug. Virgil, 404, 34. " Bot Bruce was knawin weyll ayr off this kynrik, i.e. about the time of or prayer saying mass." A.-S. For he had rycht, we call no man him lik. On aer morgen, primo mane, Bed. 5, 9. Moes-G. air ; Wallace, ii. 355. MS. A.-S. aer; Alem. er; Belg. eer; E. ere, ante, prius. Hence ayrschip, inheritance. Moes-G. air, and Isl. oar, aur, also signify tempus " Anent the ayrschip of mouabil gudis, that the airii matutinum. Ulph. Filu air this daijis, Mark. 16, 2. of Barronis, gentilmen, and frehalders sail haue, It is valde mane, or in S. Fell air in the day : Junius con- statute and that the saidis airis sail haue the jectures that Moes-G. air had been formed, and had ordanit, efter its best of ilka thing, and the statute of the Burrow borrowed meaning, from Gr. tip, diluculum, tempus Lawis." Acts Ja. III. c. 66. edit. 1566. it 1474, matutinum ; so that might originally signify the first Moes-G. arbi; Isl. and Su.-G. Alem. erve; part of the natural day, and be afterwards extended to arf; erbe, haer-es. denote of A.-S. yrf; Belg. oor; Lat. The Su.-G. word any portion time preceding another ; Gl. terra, arv-um; in a Goth. But there is no occasion for having recourse to primarily signifies, and, secondary sense, the of the soil, fundus una cum asdificiis, the Gr. for the root. Su.-G. ar signifies the beginning, goods et terne adhaeret Ihre. Thus it is quicquid ; has been initium, principium ; which a radical idea. to landed Ar war tha ecki var originally applied property, descending by qllda, ; as in inheritance ; the term heritage, which, our laws, is Principium erat aevi, quum nihil esset. still to moveable extends not Volitspa, Sir. 3. opposed property, only to the land itself, but to all that adheres to the soil. Franc., and Germ, now Alem., vr, although only Sw. with our term. used in has the same arfskap exactly corresponds composition, precisely meaning ; as in urbild, imago primitiva, uranen, ursdche, proavi, AIR, AIRE, AYR, s. An itinerant court of principium, causa It is often used as originis. synon. E. with Germ, iior, before. justice, Eyre. That dred or Wallace suld be gud man tane ; AIR, adj. Early, S. " For Suthroun ar full sutaille euir ilk man. You wou'd na hae kent fat to mak o' unless it for Scottis thai her, A gret dyttay ordand than ; had been a gyr-carlen, or to set her up amon' a curn Be the lawdayis in Dunde set ane Ayr. Wallace wald air bear to fley awa the ruicks." Journal from Lon- Than na langer soiorne thar. i. MS. don, p. 2. i.e. "early barley," that which is sown so Wallace, 275. in the season as to be soon ' ' early ripe. About this time the King went to the south land " to the Airs, and held justice in Jedburgh." Pitscottie, AIR, *. Expl. hair, used for a of no thing p. 135. value." The judges of such courts are L. B. sometimes called Justitiarii itineraries. of Ferme luve, for favour, feir, or feid, Roger Hoveden writes, A. Of riche nor pur to speik suld spair, 1176, that Henry II. of England appointed tres Jus- For luve to hienes hes no held, titiarios itinerantes. They are also called Justitiarii Nor lychtleis lawlines ane air, errantes Pet. ; Blesensis, Ep. 95 ; sometimes Justitiarii But all in puttis personis compair. itineris, as in Trivet's Chron. A. 1260, Justitiarius itineris Bannatyne Poems, p. 192. de Corona. By Knyghton, A. 1353, they are designed, Hailea has Lord most probably given the proper Justitiarii super la Eyre. V. Du Cange. In the laws sense of the word. But it may deserve to be mentioned, of Rob. III. of Scotland, it is ordained, that the Lords, AIR [27] AIR

should twice a having courts of regality, hold, year, AIRCH, AlRGH, (gutt.), adv. Scarcely, itinera Juatitiarii, c. 30, 33. as, "That meat's airch dune," i.e. Skene derives this from Iter, which indeed is the scantly, boiled or Lat. word used in our old laws, and translated Aire. it is not dressed, (whether roasted), Skinner Fr. a It would that prefers erre, way. appear sufficiently, Loth. we have borrowed the term from the English ; and A.-S. earfi, earhike, remisse. V. AIRGH and EROH. that they had it immediately from the Fr. For we find it in use them from the time of the Con- among s. 1. An old name for a flute Pur ceo que la commen fine et amercement de AIREL, ; pro- quest. from a tout le countie en eire (injustices pur faux jugementz, perly applied to a pipe made reed, &c. Will. I. ca. 19. Rastell. Fol. 238, b. Selk. Liddes.

This seem to be a corr. of air-hole, a name AIR, g. A very small quantity, Orkn. might which might be given to the instrument, from its struc- This has of being a ancient every appearance very ture, by those who knew no other name. Goth. term. Gudm. Andr. gives IsT. Ar, oar, as an Isl. or Goth, primitive, conveying the very same idea. 2. Transferred to musical tones of whatever Minutissimum et TO ; atomon, quid, arofiov significans Rox. et unitatem, seriei principium. Aar insuper vocamus kind, atomos in radiis solaribus, per feneatram domus illa- The beetle began his wild airel to tune, in santt with ane croon. bentes. Lex. p. 15. Pulvis minutissimus, atomus And on the wynde eirysome ii. 203. radiis solaribus rerum ante Wint. Ev. Tales, ; Haldorson. Principium creationem. Ar var alda, tlia ecki var; Principium To v. n. To hesitate, trf be re- erat, cum nihil adhuc esset productum. Edda, Verel. AIRGH, Ind. It has been supposed that the Gr. term apx^l has luctant, S. had a common " origin. I airghit at keuillyng withe him in that thrawart haughty moode." Wint. Ev. Tales, ii. 41. V. ERGH, v. n. To Orkn. To AIR, taste, ARCH, v. to take "a small from Apparently very quantity," and used the i. explained above. AIRGH, adj. Expl. "hollow;" when anything is wanting to make up the AIR, s. A sand-bank, Orkn. Shetl. level, Ettr. For. "They have also some Norish words which they it means "scarcely sufficient" for commonly use, which we understood not, till they were Perhaps properly such any purpose. V. ERGH, scanty. explained ; as Air, which signifies a sand-bank." Brand's 70. Zetland, p. S. "Air, a bank of sand." MS. Explication of some AIRISH, adj. Chilly, Norish words. To v. a. To to dress with an Perhaps the most proper definition is, an open sea- AIRN, smooth, beach. "Most of the extensive beaches on the coast iron s. ; aim'd, ironed, are called airs as Eou-air." ; Stour-air, Whale-air, Now the saft maid Edmonston's Zetl. i. 140. Recks nae, I trow, her want o' rest. The power thou dost covet But dinks her out in a' her best, O'er tempest and wave, Wi' weel airn'd mutch, an' kirtle clean, Shall be thine, thou proud maiden, To wait the hour o' twall at e'en. beach and cave ficken's i. 79. By by ; Poems, By stack, and skerry, and voe, by by uoup, by IRNE. By air, and by wick, and by helyer and gio, AIRNS, s. pi. Fetters, S. V. And by every wild shore which the northern winds know, And the northern tides lave. AIRT, ART, ARTH, AIRTH, s. 1. Quarter of The Pirate, ii. 142. the heaven, point of the compass. Isl. eyre, ora campi vel ripae plana et sabulosa. G. Maistres of beis to us and Andr. p. 60. Eyri, ora maritima. Alias Eyri est woddis, happy kynd, Releif our lane trauell, quhat euer thow be, sabulam, i.e. gross sand or gravel. Verel. Ind. This And under art of the heuin so hie, word, in Su.-G., by a change of the diphthong, assumes qtihat Or at quhat coist of the warld finaly the form of oer; glarea, locus signifying scrupulosus, Sail we arriue, thow teich us by and by. whence in composition itertotr, our stunners. Oer also Doug. Virgil, 23, 22. circa signifies sabulosa, V. ' ' campus, planities ripam. In this sense we What airCt the Hire in vo. commonly say, wind in?" i.e. From what point does it blow ? Airt is the in the west of S., airth To AIRCH v. n. To take general pronunciation (pron. q. Airtsh), in the Ka.strnt counties. to throw or let missile aim, fly any weapon 2. It is used, a deflection from what with a design to hit a particular object, by slight its to de- Roxb. Aberdccns. It is not at all confined may be accounted primary sense, note a of the or to shooting with a bow. particular quarter earth, " one as from another. Shoot again, and see to airrh a wee better this place distinguished time." " Brownie of Bodsbeck, i. 155. Thus, in the passage already quoted, coist of the I can scarcely think that this is corr. from A irt or warld," or earth, is from "art of the " distinguished Airth, id. It may have been borrowed from the use heuin. It often occurs in this sense. of the . E. a bowman. Archer, Wallace ansuerd, said, Westermar we will, likis Our kyne ar slayne, and that me ill ; AIRCH, . An Aberd. Roxb. ARCH, aim, And othir worthi mony in that art ; Will God I leiffe, we sail us wreke on part. s. A Aberd. ARCHER, marksman, Wallace, i. 309. MS. AIR [28] AIR

Yit, for the lytle quantance that we had, which Junius mentions A.-S. eastweard, west-weard; Sen that I se the in sturt sa straightly stad, Goth. Gl. Quhairever thow ga, in eird or art, The Isl. employs another word in the sense of airth With sail I never the, my freind, yet part. or quarter, which can scarcely be thought to have any Priests 48. ofPeblis, p. affinity, unless it should be supposed that r has been Thow suld have had thou bidden in sene, yone airt, softened down in pronunciation. This is act, att, plur. wise hevenlie couversit Quhat yon company attha i sudur to the after; aetter, octo plagae ; aett, I ever till have duelt in that art. purpoisit i south ; nordri aett, towards the North. Police of Honour, iii. st. 83, 91. To AIRT, ART, v. a. 1. To direct; to mark 3. Used in a general sense, like E. hand, side, out a certain course used with to &c. ; respect " the wind, as blowing from a particular If all I have done and said, to this purpose, were yet to do I would desire it as my mercy to do it quarter, S. and it and that with some more " again, say again, edge That as to what course ships or boats would take and in the of all that hath followed fervour, foresight to proceed up the river, would, in his opinion, depend of sorrow and from all airths." 'Ward's reproach M upon the mode by which their progress was actuated, 215. Contendings, p. either by pulling, rowing, or sailing, and as the wind Oft art is sometimes used in the same sense in every was airted." State, Fraser of Fraserfield, 1805, p. 192. which we say, on every hand, or on all sides. 2. or in order to Thair is within an lie inuironit on athir part. To give direction, instruction, To breke the and wallis on storme, euery art, find out a certain person or place, or any Within the wattir, in ane bosom gais. other It the act of Doug. Virgil, 18, 7. object. properly respects "This Donald gathered a company of mischievous pointing out the course one ought to hold, S. cursed linimers, and invaded the in arth, ' ' King every To art one to any thing ; to direct or point out any wherever he came, with cruelty." Pitscottie, great thing to one." Sir J. Sinclair, p. 26. 55. p. As the verb is not used by our ancient writers, it "We news from that airth." Baillie's expect good has certainly been formed from the noun. Art occurs Lett. ii. 55. as a v. in O. E. and at first view be considered ; might is the E. writer, who, as far as I have Hardyng only as the same with this. But it is quite different, both observed, uses this word. Nor is it unlikely that he as to meaning and origin. learned it from the Scots, during his residence among My poore purs and peynes stronge them. For it seems very doubtful, whether we ought Have artid me speke, as I spoken have. to lay more stress on his this term, as a of using proof Neede hath no lawe, as that the Clerkes trete : its being old E., than on his testimony with respect to And thus to crave artith me my neede. in the many vouchers he pretended to have found this Hoccleve, p. 53, 56. of its all on the country, being along dependent Eng- When I was young, at eighteene yeare of age, lish crown. But let us hear John himself : Lusty and light, desirous of plesaunoe, This Galaad then rode forthe, with his route, Approaching on full sadde and ripe courage, At euery way he made a knyght for to departe, Loue arted me to do my obseruance, To tyme thei were al seuerally gone out, To his estate, and done him obeisaunce,

none with so eche one had : me the Court of Loue to And hym ; theyr part Cominaunding see, And gif any met another at any arct, Alite beside the mount of Citharee. Hys rule was so, he should his felowe tell Chaucer, Court of Love, L 46. His what so that befell. aduentures, hym Tyrwhitt renders the word, constrain, which indeed Chronicle, F. 69. b. seems to be its natural meaning in all the three pas- The of the term of itself from id. these singular orthography might sages quoted ; Lat. arcto, To we may induce a suspicion, that the use of it was an innovation. add another in prose. This word has been generally derived from Ir. and "In France the people salten but little meat, except

Gael, cardinal a coast ; as on aird little salt but aird, quarter, point, their bacon, and therefore would buy ; shoir, from the Eastern quarter. Thus, Sir J. Sinclair yet they be artyd (compelled) to buy more salt than says : "The verb art is probably derived from the they would." Fortescue on Monarchy, ch. 10. V. Gaelic a coast or Hence the Scots also aird, quarter. Ellis, Spec. E. P. i. 314. What art ? for What does the wind blow say, quarter Ah, gentle lady, airt my -way from?" Observ. 26. Arctus the name given p. being Across this langsome, lanely moor ; in Lat. to the two famous constellations called the For he wha's dearest to my heart bears, near the North Pole, which is designed Polus Now waits me on the western shore. Arcturus; this might seem to be the origin of our word. Tannohill's Poems, p. 147. This being also that quarter to which the eye of the He erted Colly down the brae, astronomer or traveller is directed, it might be sup- An' bade bin scour the flats. posed that this at length gave name to all the rest. Davidson's Seasons, p. .51. It seem to confirm the that C. B. might conjecture, 3. To direct as to arth a bear and to the duty. signifies (Lhuyd) ; complete " I that our vile affections too theory, it might also be supposed that the Provincial perceive cling heavily to me in this hour of to me to Britons borrowed this designation from the Romans. trying sorrow, permit of ain or to airt to The Gothic, however, presents claims nearly equal. keep sight my duty, you yours." Heart M. Loth. ii. 1856. Germ, art, place; die 4 orte oder gegenden des Erd- "After this of a to be bodens, the four regions or parts of the earth. Wart discovery possibility saved, there is a work of desire in the soul. also has the sense of locus ; warts, werts, versus locum. quickened But sometimes this desire is airted whilst it Wachter derives ort, as towards, from werts, amiss, goeth signifying ' out thus, What shall I do that I work the works which has the same sense. Verel. renders Isl. vart, " may versus orbis of God ?' Guthrie's Trial, 89. plagas ; Nordan-vart, versus Septen- p. trionem. a or These are Belg. oorde, place quarter. 4. To AIRT v. a. To all on, urge forward, point- evidently allied to Moes-G. wairths, versus ; ut, versus in out the Orientem, Occidentem ; connection with ing proper course, Galloway. AIR [20] AIV

Up the Hteep the herd, wi' akin' shanks, AlTEN, adj. Oaten, S. Pursues the fremmit anil now and then yowe ; Pan on the aiten reed Kris on the tir'd tike with "Sheep awa, a, at" playing And him attending, Ibid, p. 24. shepherds Do here resort their flocks to feed, 5. To AIRT out. To discover after diligent The hills and haughs commending. Ritson's S. ii. 120. '* I airtit him out I found him Sonijs, search ; as, ;" s. a habit used after long seeking, Roxb. AIT, A custom, ; especially ARTB ia used in the same sense by old Palsgrave, of a bad one, Mearns. Fo. iii. F. 152, b. "I arte, I oonstrayne [Fr.] Je con- a-'/' Isl. . aedl, indoles, moa. strains : I niaye be so arcted that I shall be fayne to do &c. it," AITEN, s. A partridge, Selkirks. AIRT and PART. V. ART. As the term hoen or han, denoting either a cock or hen, is the final syllable of the name of this bird in va- AIR-YESTERDAY, s. The day before yes- rious languages, (as Teut. feldthun, Belg. roephoen, Su.-G. Alien be ait-hen, or the fowl terday, Banffs. V. HERE-YESTERDAY. rappkan), may q. that feeds among oats. This bird has an A.-S. name with a similar termination a AIR-YESTREEN, s. The night before last, ; ersc-henne, perdrix, par- Somner. Su.-G. aaker-hoena, id. q. an acre, or Galloway. V. as above. tridge, Jiekl-hen. S. AISLAIR, adj. Polished, AIT-FARLE, s. One of the compartments of " A mason can nocht hew ane enin aw/air without a cake of oat-bread, 8. directioun of his rewill." Abp. Hamiltoun's Gate- Twa o' weel-boilt solid sowing, chisme, Fol. 5, a. pints Wi' whauks o' gude ait-farle cowiris, Wad scarce hae ser't the wretch. AISLAR-BANK, a. A reddish-coloured bank, A. Wilson's Poems, 1790, p. 91. V. FAKLK. with projecting rocks in a perpendicular s. 1. The act of S. form, as resembling ashlar-work, Roxb. AITSEED, sowing oats, "That the Sessioun and College of Justice salbegjn . Used in the same AISMENT, AYSYAMENT, vpoun the first day of Nouember yeirlie, and sail sitt the first of Merche mxt thairefter and sense with E. easement, as denoting assis- quhill day ; that the haill moneth of Merche salbe vacance for the tance, accommodation. aiteeed." Acts Ja. VL 1587, Ed. 1814, p. 447. V. "Nane of them sail freelie giue, or for anie price BEIRSEID. sell, or transport, or carie bowes, arrowes, or anie kind of armour, or horse, or other aismentis to the 2. The season appropriated for sowing oats, S. common enemies of our Realme." 2. Stat. Kob. I. " " Quhan did that happen ? "During the aiteeed." Tit. 2. c. 33. Fr. aitement, commodum, Diet. Trev. AITH, AYTHE, s. Oath. V. ATHE. or for it be viewed AIT, Oat Oaten ; may s. kind of land either as a s. in a state of construction, or AITH, or AIFTLAND, That to oats a as an adj. called infield, which is made carry I the ilk vmquhilis that in the small ait rede second time after barley, and has received Toned my sang, syne fra the woddis yede, no from A.-S. aeft, And feifdis abont taucht to be obeysand, dung, Ang. Perhaps Thocht he war gredy, to the bissy husband, iterum. Ane thankfull werk made for the plewman's art, Bot now the horrible sterne dedis of Marte. AITH-HENNES, *. pi. seems to signify heath- Doug. Virgil, 12, 20. hens, as being bred on the heath. s. S. AITS, pi. Oats, "Na man sail sell or buy any Murefowles, The corns are in Blainshes sic good ; Blackcocks, Aith-hennes, Termiganes, [or] any Where aits are fine, and said by kind, kinde of fowles commonlie vsed to be chased with That if search all ye thorough Hawks, vnder the paine of ane hunder pounds to be nane better are Mearns, Buchan, Mar, incurred, alswell be the buyer as the seller." Ja. VI. Than Leader Haiighs and Yarrow. Parl. 16. c. 23. Skene's Pec. Crimes, tit. 3. o. 3. Stison's S. Scmgs, ii. 121, 122. id. is the word in the A.-S. ate, ate, Jfqfre used, AITLIFF CRAP, s. In the old husbandry, same sense, in the Germ, and Scandinavian dialects. the after bear or One might almost suppose, that as this grain consti- crop barley, Ayrs. tuted a principal part of the food of our ancestors, it This has been derived from Ait, oats, and Lift, to hence its Isl. Max- had received name. For at signifies the plow, q. v. It is, however, written Oat-leave by act of eating, and the pi. aele, food in general, pabula, well. V. BEAR-LEAVE. aet prteda, G. Andr. A.-S. has the same meaning ; has been edulium, Lye. It has the diphthong, indeed, whereas AIVER, s. A he-goat, after he is without it. But this is not material ale, avena, ; Till then he is denominated a buck. as a and ne are commonly interchanged in A.-S. gelded. Sutherl. Wild bearded S. Avena aits, oat-grass, fatua, This is evidently from a common origin with ffebrun, Linn. id. q. v. The is beard of this plant, I am informed, exqui- Roxb. a term sensible to AIVERIE, adj. Very hungry, ; sitety moisture ; and hygrometers are often obsolete. constructed of it. nearly V. YEVERY. AIX [30] ALB

This, as Mr. Macpherson has observed, is equivalent . 1. A hewer of wood, Sutherl. AIXMAN, to her lane, in modern S. wene is- thar 2. One who carries an axe as his weapon in Quhat ye nane, That euir is worth bot he allane ? battle. Barbour, xv. 414. MS. "That aixman that has nowthir spere nor bow " every Commonlie, gif a man sleepis in sinne, and rysis sal hafe a of tree or leder," &c. Parl. Ja. III. targe not in time, ane sinne will draw on another : for there Ed. 132, axman, Ed. 1566. 1481, 1814, p. is neuer a sin the alane : but ay the mair greate and "This laird of Balnamoone was of the aix- captaine heinous that the sinne be, it hes the greater and war in whois handis the haill of victorie stood men, hope sini ics following on it." Brace's Serm. on the Sacra- that Pitacottie's Cron. 106. day." p. ment, 1590. Sign. O. 8. b. Alem. alain ; Germ, allein ; Belg. alleen; Su.-G. s. An axletree, S. AIX-TRE, allena, adv. alone. The word, however varied in " twa oulverinis of found, mountit upoun Item, gross form, is evidently from all and am, ein, een, one ; q. and with irne, their stokis, quheillis aixtreis, garnisit entirely one, one and no more. Wachter has justly Coll. A. having thre tymmer wadgis." Inventories, observed, that in the ancient dialects, the same word AX-TREE. 1566, p. 166. V. denotes one and alone, without any difference. Thus AYSYAMENT. V. AISMENT. in Gloss. Keron., finer occurs in the sense of unu-f, eintra for Kola, and einen solum. We may add, that Moes-G. ains both unus and solus. AIZLE, s. A hot ember. V. EIZEL. signifies oaken ALANERLIE. V. ALLANEBLY. AKYN, adj. Oaken. Akyn tymmer, timber; Aberd. Reg. A. 1538. V. AIKEN. ALANG, ALANGS, prep. Alongst, S. Bessy with wedgeis lie Stude schidand ane fouresquare akyn tre. He het me alangs the backbane, he struck me on the Doug. Virgil, 225, 27. backbone. It conveys the idea of a longitudinal stroke, or one a considerable of the object adv. in of affecting portion ALAIGH, Below, respect situation, that is struck. other referred not so high as some place to, Su.-G. laangs, id. and low. Selkirks. ; from on laigh, ALASTER, ALISTER, s. A common abbrevia- in the ALAIS, s. pi. Alleys. tion of the name A lexander, especially Werk that was without the Fortraoe and toun, countries bordering on the Highlands, S. Thai brak and brynt and put to confusiouu : i. 166. Hagis, alais, be lawbour that was thar, "Alister Sandieson," &c. Spalding, Fulveit and spilt, thai wald no froit spar. Alanter an' a's coming. Jacobite Belies, i. 151. Wallace, ii. 21. MS. ALAREIT. V. LAKEIT. ALAK, Wallace, viii. 1407. V. LAK. Alarsyet. ALAKANEE, interj. Alas, Ayrs. ALARS; hote richt fresche and weill ybet : The cheeriest swain that e'er the meadows saw ; Vapours Dulce of odour, of fluour maist fragrant, Alakaneel is Robin gane awa'? The siluer on daseis distillant : Picken's Poems, 1788, p. 20. droppis Quhilk verdour branches ouir the alars yet, of the word is E. alas. The first part evidently alack, With smoky sence the mystis reflectant. The second resembles Su.-G. aj oh ! and naa verily. Police of Honour, Prol. St. 2. edit. 1579. This the or overspread with ALAGUST, s. Suspicion. V. ALLAGUST. may signify, yet gate the branches of the alder ; or the gate made of this A.-S. air Su.-G. al Alem. id. Su.-G. ALAMONTI, s. The storm-finch, a fowl, tree: ; ; elira, ; alar, of or belonging to the alder-tree. I suspect, Orkn. . however, that it is not the alder, but the elder that is "The storm-finch (procellaria, pelagica, Linn. Syst.) meant. For as the elder or bore-tree is still by the seen in friths it our alamonti, is very frequently the and superstitious supposed to defend from witchcraft, sounds." Barry's Orkney, p. 302. was formerly a common custom to plant it in gardens. The name .seems of Ital. extract, from ala a wing, In many it is preserved to this day. It is probable, the bird that still or is that for and monte, q. mounts, keeps on therefore, that the allusion to this tree ; and a well-known attribute its wing, agreeing to of this greater security, the trunk of it might be used for sup- animal. porting the garden-gate, if this itself was not also ' ' For trial sake chopped straw has been flung over, made of the wood. Belg. holler, id. I dare not assert, stand on with not here common or which they would expanded wings ; however, that alars may signify to settle or in the but were never observed on, swim general, q. the gate which opened into the whole garden. water." Penn. Zool. p. 553, 554. V. ASSILAO, the In this case, it would be the same with allaris, q. v. name of this bird in St. Kilda. K. Alamotti, as in Neill's Tour, p. 197. It is pron. ALAVOLEE, adv. At random. V. ALLA- or alamootie. It be from Ital. ala a q. alatnoutie may VOLIE. wing, and moto motion, q. "ever moving;" or, if a Goth, be it might be deduced from origin preferred, " V.LAWE. alle omnis, and mota occurrere, q. meeting one every ALAWE,fo. where." ALBLASTRIE, s. Alone. ALANE, ALLANE, adj. There sawe I dresse him, new out of hant, The fere full of Hys Douchtyr succede sail in his sted, tigere felony, The the elk for And hald hys herytage hyr alane. clymbare gayte, alblastrye. f Wyntmtn, VIII. 4. 323. King's Quair, c. v. st. 5. A L I', [31] ALE

"What the of the meaning quality expressed by AULD SAIRS. The renewing of old party alblastrye is, I cannot find out. The colour of this " quarrels or contentions, is called the animal is dark grey;" Tytler. Alblastrye seems to ripping o" auld i.e. signify the exercise of the cross-bow. Can the ex- up sairs," old sores, S. pression refer to the chace of the elk, or the arrows of a larger kind, as those shot from the crow-bow, ALDAY, adv. In continuation. its for it? V. Aw- employed by pursuers killing I cast me nocht aklay to gloiss in gloir, BLASTER. Or to langar legendis that ar prolixt. Cockelbie &no, v. 813. Teut. ALBUIST, conj. Though, albeit, Ang. alle-dage, quotidie ; indies. Shortsyne unto our glen, a came unko men s. The term used to Seeking hership, yon ; ALDERMAN, formerly An* our ain tdbuist I lails, say't niysell, denote a mayor in the Scottish boroughs. But guided them right cankardly aud sneU. ./toss's Uetenore, First Edit. p. 62. "Touching the election of officiares in burrowes, as other This seems the same with E. albeit, or formed like it aldermen, bailties, and officiares, because of great contention for the of the throw from all, beta often used for l>e, and it. Piece is merely yeirly chusing saraen, the common abbreviation of albuist. V. PIECE, and multitude and clamour of commounes, simple per- A BEES. sones : it is thought expedient, that na officiares nor councel be continued after the kingis lawes of bur- rowes, farther then ane Acts Ja. III. c. s. a kind of mixed yeir." 1469, ALCOMYE, Latten, 29. Skene. metal still used for spoons. "The election of aldermen, (afterwards called pro- al- vosts, and baillies, ) is wrested from the E. alchymy ; accomie spoons, spoons made of formally peo- chymy, S. Bor. ple of the burghs, upon pretence of avoiding annual clamours." Pinkerton's Hist. Scotland, i. 271. From thens vnto his chalmer went he syne, It occurs in the lists of those called Lords About his schulderis assayis his hawbrek fyne, Auditors, A. 1469. Of bumist male, and shynand rychely " Of fynest gold and quhitly alcomye. For the Commissare Walter Stewart Alderman of Le. of a whitish colour. Strivelin Robert Macbrare Alderman of Drumfres." Doug. Virgil, 409, 28. Act. Audit, p. 9. It has received this name, as being the result of a "At [That] lettres be wirtin to the Alderman & cltemical preparation. V. LATTOCN. balyeis of Perth to distrenye him thairfor." Act. Audit. A. 1471, 21. " p. The magistrate styled provost in some was ALDE, AULD, adj. 1. Old, S. Yorks. burghs, ALD, denominated alderman at so late as 1507. Scotst. Westmorel. Air, Cal." Pink. Hist. ii. 41 1, N. Bot as I fynd Phylip the aide The term ealdonman was, in the times of the Anglo- Wes the that tuke used in a " a Emperoure, Saxons, very extensive sense ; denoting as oure Fyrst Crystyndome, sayis buke. prince, a primate, a noble-man, a duke, an earle, a. v. 9. 14. Wyntown, petty vice-roy ;" Somner. After the Norman conquest, Furth of the chyn of this ilk hasard auld, Aldermannus civitatis, sive burgi, seems to have been Crete ttudis ischis, aud styf iseschokillis cauld, equivalent to Mayor or Provost. There was also the Doune from his and herd sterne grisly hyngis. Aldermannus Hundredi, the alderman of the Hundred 29. Doug. Virgil, 108, or Wapentake, apparently corresponding with the Aid is used by R. Brunne in the same sense. modern use of the term in E., as denoting the alder- man of a vxird. in of A.-S. eald ; Alem., Franc., Germ, and Precop. alt. V. Spelman vo. The Provost be first Mr. Tooke derives E. eld, old, from A.-S. yld-an, ild- Edinburgh seems to mentioned for the time, A. 1482. an, to remain, to stay, to continue, to last, &c. Divers. Pinkerton, ut sup. p. 311. Purley, ii. 198, 199. The v. is also written aeld-ian. It would seem, however, that the etymon ought to be ALEDE, s. Rule. Ich alede, each rule. inverted. Alem. alt-en to A.-S. corresponds eald-ian, Fiftene yere he gan hem fede, and as if formed from the idea of signifies prolongare ; Sir Roband the trewe ; age or long life. The primitive sense of Alem. alt is He taught him ich alede cretus, adultus, denoting a person grown-up, or come Of icn mauer of glewe. to the of Sir 22. maturity ; being merely part, past al-en, to Tristrem, p. grow, crescere. V. Wachter in vo. This is undoubt- A.-S. alaed-an ducere, to lead. the same with Isl. to also to fatten edly al-a, nurse, ; " To v. a. To absolve from enutrire, saginare. Hence Verel. derives ald-r proles, ALEGE, expl. and Moes-G. fetas. liberi, aids, generatio, allegiance." Fr. alleg-er. All his liegis of alkyn greis, 2. used as is Often characterising what deemed Conditiownys, stalls, and qualiteis, unreasonable or absurd as Lerit, and lawit, altgit he quite ; always Of alkyn ait h of fewte. of expressive the greatest contempt, S. Wyntown, be. 20. 67. Aa " Here's an auld wark about " naething ;" ado. The same with Please to draw off your party towards Gartartan ALENTH, Eng. length You will please grant no leave of absence to any of conjoined with/ar. your troopers 'Here's auld ordering and counter-or- 1. to dering,' muttered Garschattachin between his teeth." To come alenth, arrive at maturity, S. B. Rob Roy, iii. 153. " 2. ibid. Auld to do," a fuss or This To gae far alenth, to go great lengths, great" pother. phrase occurs in an E. form, So there was old to do about the 3. To be alenth, to be far advanced, to make ransoming bridegroom." Waverley, i. 279. V. To far CLEIK THE CUSYIK. great progress or improvement, ibid. ALE [32] ALT

His nauy loist reparellit I but fale, ALEEON. And his feris fred from the deith alhale. "The hundreth salt Brouage, contenand nine score Doug. Virgil, 112, 52. in bollis, Scottis watter met, is reknit to be worth From all and hail, hale, whole, q. v. fraught twentie tunnis Aleron." Balfour's Pract. p. 87. . 1. Alliance. This word is printed, as if it referred to the name of ALYA, ALLIA, ALLYA, been denominated. a place whence the measure had Sexte full sone Schyr Johne [Menteth] gert dycht as But it may be from Fr. a la ronde, i.e. in compass, Off hys awn kyn, and off alya was born, an this all being measured by bulk : unless we shall suppose To tresoun he gert thaim be suorn. error in orthography for Orleans or Aurelian. Le ton- Wallace, it 991. MS. neaud 'Orleans, Lat. Doliwm Aurelianense, is mentioned, The name Menteth, however, is supplied from edi- Diet. Trev. vo. Tonneau. tions. Fr. allie, id. The word, as used in this pas- sage in Wallace, seems properly to denote alliance by ALEUIN, adj. Eleven. marriage. "He [Darius] hed of strangearis that var his frendis, " sal Quhen ye hef veil socht the verite, ye fynd and of his allya, to the nummer of thre hundretht is false blude that discendit of that it the Sergestes thousand men !" Compl. S. p. 121. It has been just- var tua Saxons that ' ' and Engestes (Hengist) quhilk ly observed, that the Saxon termination a is fre- fra thair auen cun- cam vitht aleuin thousand Saxons quently given to a word of Latin origin, which the of Grit tra, to support and supple the kyhg Bertanye, English has received through the medium of the Sax- is nou callit Ingland, vas opprest be cruel on as an See Gl. quhilk " quha ;" adagia, adage, agonia, agony. ciuil veyris. Compl. Scot. p. 133. Compl. S. The same observation is applicable to some houndreth "It is sen the tyme of Hierome aleuin Lat. words immediately borrowed from the Fr. threttie sax yeris." Kennedy, Commendator of Cros- 2. An raguell, p. 76. ally. are It needs scarcely be observed, that the vowels "Our said soveraine Lorde hes bene diverse times that in old u is frequently interchanged ; or, writing mooved be his dearest brother, cousing, and allia, most frequently used where we employ v. the King of Denmark, and his Embassadoures, in his sent in this that said name, realme ; the Morning gift ALGAIT, ALGATE, ALGATIS, adv. 1. Every might be maid gude, to the Queenes Hienesse, and she entred in reall possession thereof, to her awin way. proper use." Acts Ja. VI. 1593. c. 191. Murray. Latyne pepil, forsoith I wald algait, so had bene fer wele I And bettir, wate, 3. It is sometimes used as a plural noun, signi- Full or now auisit had we be, lang allies. Twiching the commoun wele and materis hie. fying Doug. Virgil, 372, 30. "Incontinent all his allia and friendis ruschit to harnes." Bellend. Cron. b. vi. c. 1. 2. At all events, by all means. s. Alliance. Beseik him vntill his wretchit lufe ALIAY, grant " This lattir reward, sen allgatis ye wyl fle Mare oure the saidis ambaxiatouris sail haue com- wind blaw soft, and stabyl se. Tary quhyil missioune to renew the haly aliay, lig, and confide- 51. Doug. Virgil, 114, racioune maid betuix the realmez of France and Scot- the sense of this " Tyrwhitt evidently mistakes word, land, lik as has bene obseruit and kepit. Acts Ja. IV. renders it He as used by Chaucer, when he always. 1488, Ed. 1814, p. 207. Allya, Ed. 1566, fol. 79, b. quotes the following passages in support of this sense. close My lord is hard to me and dangerous, ALYAND, part. pr. Keeping together. min office is ful laborious And ; Thar leyff thai laucht, and past, but delay, And therfore extortion I leve, far in a by Rycht all/and, gud aray ; I'orsoth I take all that men wol me noclit thar yeve. To Stirlyng com, and wald abyd ; Algates by sleighte or by violence To se the north furth than can he ryd. Fro yere to yere I win all my dispence. Wallace, ix. 1965. MS. Freres T. v. 7013. i.e. right fairly keeping in a compact body. Fr. in Gloss, as if : i.e. I sus- Misquoted 7031 acquire my alli-er, to join, to knit, to confederate; jungere, whether it be fraud or force. tenance, every way, by by coiijungere, sociare. Diet. Trev. This exactly corresponds to the first sense. To v. a. To 1 damned thee, thou must algate be ded : ALYCHT, enlighten. And thou also must nedes lese thyn bed. The nixt day following, with his lamp hricht Sompn. T. v. 7619. As Phebus did the ground or erth alicht Full euill at eis quhen Dido on this kynd If the poor fellow, in consequence of being condemned, Spak to her sister, was of the samyn mynd. lost his head, he would certainly from that time for- Doug. Virgil, 99, 26. as after loss it is ward always be dead ; such a not A.-S. alilit-an, illuminare ; alyhtnysse, illuminatio. likely that he would come alive again. But would Chaucer be with so ridiculous a truism ? chargeable ALIENARE, s. A stranger. This seems rather to correspond to the second sense, that thou sekis ane alienare first "It is a done cause with Gyf vnknaw, than to the ; q.d. thee; To be thy maich or thy gud sone-in-law thou must at all events lose thy life." The expression Here aue lytil my fantasy and consate. means all ways, from all and gait, q.v. literally way, Doug. Virgil, 219, 32. it as used in this sense Hearne explains properly ; Lat. alien-us. " To London he wild alle gate." To v. a. To to to " ALIE, cherish, nurse, pettle, R. Brunne to London he would all means." ; (go) by Shetl.

From Isl. al-a in adv. en- alere, gignere, parere, pascere ; ALHALEj ALHALELY, Wholly, pret. el; whence elde foetus, item pastura, saginatio, G. Andr. 8. tirely. alin natus, saginatus ; p. He views this ALT [33] ALL

as allied to Hcb. Tj\ yalad foetus. There can be no And thi scharpe fygurate ang Virgiliane, So wisely wrocht word in doubt of its affinity to Lat. al-ere. The Goth. v. seems vythoutyne vane, My wHutTiiiK wit, my cunning febill at all, to point out the origin of eld, S. eldin, feuel, q. what My mynd misty, ther may not mys ane fall. nourishes flame. tor Ihre gives accendcre as the Doug. Virg. 3. 34. primary sense of Su.-G. al-a, of which gignere and saginare are viewed as secondary senses. Ulphilas S. B. uses alldan ntiur for the "fatted calf." ALLAGRUGOUS, adj. Grim, ghastly, "She looked sae allaijrugous that a body wou'dna ALIE, s. 1. The abbreviation of a man's name. hae car'd to meddle wi' her." Journal from London, 7. Acts 1585, iii. 393. p. This might be formed from all or Moes-G. alia, and 2. Of the female name Alison; sometimes writ- gruous, q. all ghastly. In the West of S. malagrugoui is used in the same ten Elie, S. sense, q.v. s. 1. ALIMENT, *. A forensic term denoting the ALLAGUST, Suspicion. "Fan they saw us a' in a bourach, had some fund of maintenance which the law allows to they" l In 'in.

On the 0. E. id. The ingenious author of the Gl. to Compl. S. says, voley, all and What we on the, to work "quas. alandy,." But the word is comp. of speak voley begins ; had at times We have laid a foundation. aiterly, only, q.v. This, accordingly, good as in the follow- "A literal translation of the French a la been anciently written as two words ; phrase votee, which at or ing passage : signifies random, inconsiderately." Note, III. 181. Men sayis that ma schippis than sua Massinger, Pressyt that tym the toun to ta : Bot for that thar wes brynt bot ane, ALLAR, ALLER, s. The alder, a tree, S.

And the tharin wes tane ; engynour "In this stratum many roots of large trees are to be Her befor mentioun maid I found, principally attar (alder) and birch." P. Long- Bot off a schip all anerly. Perths. Statist. Ace. xix. 557. Barbour, xvii. 470. forgan, This is to the MS. printed according To ALLEGE, v. n. To advise, to counsel. in a state of " ALL ANYS, adv. Together, Sum allegit (howbeit victory succedit) to assoilye union. nocht the chance of fortoun ony forthir." Bellend. Cron. B. vi. c. 19. Suaderent, Boeth. thai ar Scottismen. Kyndnes said, Yha, gud L. B. mandatis instruere. thou ken alleg-are, Than Will said, Nay ; weryte nviy ; al we had Had thai bene gud, anys beyn ; To ALLEGE, v. a. To confirm. Be reson heyr the contrar now is seyn. Wallace, x. 225. MS. "Appius began to rage sayand becaus he wald nocht the law lent he wes Edit. 1648, allege, concerning money, impediment that na army suld be rasit be auctorite of All in one we had been. the senate." Bellend. T. Liv. p. 146. Jus non dixisset, to all from All anys seems literally signify, of one; Lat. A.-S. anes, the geiiit. of an, unus. L. B. alleg-are, ligare. ALLEKIS. ALLARIS, Common, universal, ALLEGIANCE, ALLEGEANCE, s. Allega- an old genit. used adjectively. tion. The lordis gawe assent thare-til, " The lordis ordanis bothe the partijs to haue let- And ordanyt with thaire attaris will, tres to summond witnes to prufe sic allegiance as thai That Inglis suld the Scottis prys. schew before the lordis." Act. Audit. A. 34. And thai thaim on the samyn wys. 1474, p. " former Wyniown, viii. 35. 178. The pursuer pleadit that the allegiance aucht and sowld be &c. Burrow Court, Thus argewe thai ernistlye wone oftsiss; repellit," forsuth thai assent hale 1591, Melville's Life, i. 257. And syn to the samyn ; That sen it nychlit Nature, thair alleris maistris, Tliai ooud noeht trete but entent of the temperale. ALLEIN, adj. Alone, S. B. Germ. id. V. Houlate, i. St. 22. MS. ALANE. it is in Instead of qffis, as in Ed. Pink, oftsiss MS. "Thair alleris maistris" is literally, the mistress of To ALLEMAND, v. a. To conduct in a them all. From A.-S. atlera, genit. plur. of all, formal and omnium courtly style, Ayrs. omnis ; Gloss. Keron. allero, alleru, ; Belg. ' ' He her his and allemanded her oiler, id. presented hand, in a manner that should not have been seen in Aller, or alre, is used in Old E. with more pro- along street out of a court, and far less on the priety than allaris, and in the same sense. It is said any king's of Erie Godwin, that he Lord's day." Ann. of the Par. p. 308. Ital. a la the hand or Fr. a la alre made a reufol dom mano, by ; main, Let smyte of her heuedys, & ; readily, nimbly, actively. Aller a la main, etre d'une i.e. he caused them all to be beheaded. R. Glouc. p. egalite de rang, Roquefort. 327. Ye be but members, and I aboue al, ALLE-MEN, adj. Common, universal. And sith I am your allerhede, I am your allerhele. A bastard shall cum fro a forest, P. Ploughman, Fol. 111. a. Not in Yngland borne shall he be, "As I am the head of you all, I am your common And he shal wyn the gre for the best, health, or the source of your prosperity." V. ALLER. Alle men leder of Bretan shal he be. True Thomas, Jmniesoii's Popul. Ball. ii. 38. ALLEVOLIE, adj. ALLA-VOLIE, Giddy, That this is the sense appears from what follows : " alle-volie a volatile volatile. An cliield," Truly to wyrke lie shalbe bonne, And all leder of Bretans shal he be. fellow, S. V. the following word. i.e. universal leader. ALLE-VOLIE, adv. At ran- ALLA-VOLIE, This mode of expression is common in Su.-G. Al dom. mena riksens laer ; Regni communis querela; Chron. Ane faith perfumit with fyne folie, Rhythm, p. 181. Ther hyllade honom alle i maen ; vain word all ibid. Ihre And mony olio-volte; There gave him homage ; p. 262, ap. vo. is not half sa Thy prayer hplie, Men, publicus. A.-S. maene, Alem. ineen, communis. as it semis. House-lurdane, Teut. alle man, omnis homo, al-ghemeyn, universus. Philotus, st. 111. I it at ran- "I spake it quite allevolie," S. spoke ALLER, adv. Wholly, entirely, altogether. dom. It is sometimes written entirely in the Fr. In this maner assentyt war form. The Barounis as I said yow ar. ' ' increased the numbers of the in This again people And throuch thar aller hale assent,

: and in arms at the meetings warm persons coming Messingeris till hym thai sent, among them, projects were spoke of A la voice, and That was than in the haly land, some put upon courses they at first had no view of, On Saracenys warrayand. uor design to come to." Wodrow's Hist. ii. 41. Barbour, i. 137, MS. ALL [36] ALL

This is merely Allnrin, alleris, used adverbially, al/eingii, allaengin, A.-S. allingn, e

think is derived in latter Anone quhen this aimable had endit her speche, the v. from which E. ; as, Loud lauchand the laif allowit her meikill. times, provided, except, &c. have been formed. Resolve Maitland 53. " Dunbar, Poems, p. althocht, and it literally signifies, all being thought Chaucer uses alone in the same sense. This word of," or "taken into account ;" which is the very idea may have been immediately formed from Fr. allouer, meant to be expressed by the use of the conjunction. to which derives from Lat. allaud-o. it is often written all thocht. approve ; Menage Indeed, in But the true origin is certainly to be sought the All thocht he, as ane gentile sum tyme vary, Gothic. V. LOFB. Ful perfytelie lie writis sere mysteris fell. All thocht our faith nede nane authorising ALLOWANCE, . Approbation. Of Gentilis bukis, nor by sic hethin sparkis, ' ' Yit writis iust clausis There is a difference betwene the allowance of men, Virgill mony conding. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 159, 10, 15. when they allow of men, and God when he allowes of The in Germ, exhibits some Dachlc. men. His allowance of vs was not for any grace was synon. analogy, of denk-en in vs. And so it is the allowance of God himselfe that being the imperf. and part. pa. ; doch, makes man meet to that office." Rollock on 1 Thes. although, may have been formed from the same verb. V. THOCHT. ii. 4, p. 54, 55. adv. To ALLOWSS, v. a. To loose, to release ALLUTERLIE, ALUTTEELY, Wholly, from. entirely. " " All thocht that brocht thame to The officiaris to pass and allowss the arrestment, women foly, Yit hait not wemen &c. Aberd. Reg. A. 1541, V. 17. thay alutterly. Doug. 279, 32. A.-S. alys-an, liberare. Virgil, Tyrwhitt derives utterly from Fr. outiree. But it is from A.-S. ut ALLPTJIST, APIEST, APIECE, conj. Al- evidently uter, utter, exterior, (from extra;) Su.-G. yttre, id. though, S. B. yttrelig, "The third was an haave coloured auld, wizen'd, ALL-WEILDAND, adj. All-governing. caiien at nae tinsel had ; we had been great apiest we Than said he thus, A ll-weildand God resawe- been quit o' her." Journal from London, p. 2. Per- My petows spreit and sawle amang the law : corr. from albeit. haps My carneill lyff I may nocht thus defend. Wallace, ii. 173. MS. ALLRYN, adj. Constantly progressive. According to. Wachter, allwalt and allwaltig are For in this warld, that is sa wyde, very ancient compounds, although now obsolete ; Ts nane that sail deterniynat sometimes to as of his om- Knaw that ar to applied God, expressive thingis fall, and sometimes to to denote the Bot God, that is of maist poweste, nipotence, princes, of their Franc, Eeserwyt till his maieste, greatness power ; aluualt, omnipotent. derives the word from all and wait-en Isl. For to knaw, in his prescience, He posse. Off allryn tyme the mowence. all-vald-ur, id. Our term comes immediately from A.- Barbour, i. 134. MS. S. weald-an, imperare. From all and A.-S. rinn-an, to flow, to run. ALMAIN, s. The German language. " ALLSTRENE, adj. Ancient. A French printer, of the best renowned this has offered to come in Scotland and to Suppois I war ane aid yaid aver, day print whatever he should be in so Schott furth our cleuchs to squishe the clevis, work commanded, much And hed the strenthis of all strene bevis, that there should not be a book printed in French or I wald at Youl be housit and staid. Almain, but once in the year it should be gotten of Maitland Poems, p. 112. him." Pet. Assembly 1574, Melville's Life, i. 464. Probably from A.-S. aid, old, and strynd, generatio, 0. Fr. Aleman, Alleman, the German language ; as stryn-an, gignere ; perhaps the same Austrene, q. v. Cotgr. For clevis and bevis, read clevir and bevir. ALMANIE WHISTLE; a flageolet of a very ALLTHOCHTE, conj. Although. small size, used by children. Aberd,. The sonnys licht is nauer the wers, traist me, The name intimates, that whistles of this kind had Allthochte the bak his bricht beanies doith fle. been originally imported into Scotland from Germany; 8. 49. Doug. Virgil, and that they had been early imported, before this Mr. Tooke derives E. though from A.-S. thaf-ian. country was known by that designation, which has lhaf-it/an, to allow. But there is not the same evidence been adopted, or rather revived, in later times. It is here, as with respect to some other conjunctions il- singular, that to this day the most of our toys are lustrated by this acute and ingenious writer. It cer- brought from the Low Countries bordering on Germany. tainly is no inconsiderable objection to this hypothesis, The Alamanni, according to Wachter, were a mixed that it is not in the supported by analogy, other North- race of Germans and Gauls ; from which circumstance ern In A.-S. theah languages. signifies though, Alem. they received their name ; not q. all men, omnes Isl. id. thach, O.-Sw. tho, I shall not argue from homines, but from all, el, alius, alienus, q. homines Moes-G. thauh in thauhjaba, which Jun. views as peregrini, strangers. The Marco-manni having left synon. with though; because this seems doubtful. In the country lying between the Danube and the Rhine, O.-E. thah was written about 1264. V. Percy's Re- and gone into Bohemia, a few unsettled Gauls entered liques, ii. 2, 10. In Sir Tristrem, thei occurs, which into their former territories. They were soon after nearly approaches to A.-S. theah. V. THEI. joined by many Germans, and formed between them Instead of thoch, in our oldest MSS. we generally what was called the Allamanuic nation. They were, find l/iocht, althocht. This might seem allied to Isl. long considered as distinct from the Germans. But at thoelt to G. Andr. is quamvis ; which, according per length this mongrel race gave their name to the for tho from tho etsi syncop. at, licet, ; Lex. p. 266. country, hence called L. B. Alemannia; Fr. Allemagne; it is But more probable that our term is merely A.-S. O. E. Almaine; S. Almanie. V. Cellar. Geogr. i. 386, thohte, Moes-G. thaht-a, cogitabat ; or the part. pa. of 387. ALM [37] ALO

tho Allman O. E. to meate in, unes al- This is called, by Sir Thomas Urquhart, almery. "Almery put moires ;" PaUgraue, B. iii, f. 17. In O. Fr. aumairt. " He also writes the E. word F. 18. He learned to play upon the Lute, the Virginals, aumbrye, the the Harp, the Allman Flute, with nine holes, Viol, ALMONS, ALMONIS, s. Alms. B. i. and the Saokbut." Transl. Rabelais, p. 103, "Gif the defender, beand an ecclesiastical! persoun, Flute d'Aleman, Rab. hald the land or tenement of the kirk in name of fre In another he renders it more strictly ac- albeit the be ane place, almons, persewar temporall persoun ; of his The cording to the language country. passage the same plea and actioun aucht and sould be decydit in incoherent of nonsense, occurs a strange compound befoir the ecclesiasticall court." Balfour's Pract. p. 28. the obscurities of by which he means to expose judicial "All men havand landis gevin to thame in name litigation. of fre almonis be the King, ar bund to mak him masters of the chamber of or "The accompts, homage." Ibid. p. 241. of that did not members committee, fully agree amongst He seems still to write the word in this form ; 0. Fr. whit- themselves in the number of A Imanie im / 11111*111 casting up , id. whereof were framed these for tle*, spectacles princes, In S. pron. aumog ; A. Bor. id. Bay's Lett. p. 322. 1 Ibid. which have been lately printed at Antwerp.' B. ii. p. 78. ALMOUS, ALMOWS, s. Alms, S. That this was formerly the name commonly given, He wes a man of almows grete, in to from the language of Ni- S., Germany, appears Bath of mone, and of mete. niane Winyet. Ilk& nycht in priwate " of the Protestantis at this in Al- Few present He wald wyte the necessyti the use and lemanie and utheris cuntreis, denyis rycht Of all, that nede had nere him by. practise of the Lordis Supper to be callit ane sacrifice Wyntown, vi. 2. 67. or oblatioun. Keith's Hist. 231. Abp. App. p. Wyte, i.e. make himself acquainted with, know. "In thir wordis almychty God expresly promissis break ALMAEK, s. A beast accustomed to sufficient welth & fouth of warldly geir to all thame, for his sake almou to the fences, Shell. quhilk blythly giffis puir peple." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, 1551, fol. 64 a. Su.-G. mark denotes a also a a pas- territory, plain, The Frier behuifit to fleech ture and maerke a I cannot silly ; finis, limes, boundary. For almous that he assis. unless the the of the initial syllable ; conjecture origin Spec. Godly Ballads, p. 36. term be viewed as elliptical, q. a beast that overleaps almtsse ; A.-S. almes, almesse ; Sw. at- all boundaries. Chaucer, mono,, id. Lat. eleemonyna, Gr. '(\ei)/Mffijvri, mercy. Under this term I may take notice of a curious fact, ALMOSEIR, *. An almoner, or ALMASER, in relation to begging, which perhaps has been gene- of alms. dispenser rally overlooked. So late as the reign of James \ I. li- Then cam in the maister A Imaser, censes had been granted, by the several universities, to iuffler. some students to the Ane homelty-jomelty poor go through country beg- Itunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 94. ging, in the same manner as the poor scholars, belong- of do to this in Ireland. Gtide Hope remains euer among yone sort, ing to the Church Rome, day A fine minatrail with mow and those "ydill and mony sport, Among designated" strang beg- And Peitie is the kingis alnwseir. garis" are reckoned all vagaboundis scollaris of the Police of Honour, iii. 60. vniuersiteis of Sanctandrois, Glasgow, and Abirdene, Fr. aulmoenier; Teut. allmoessenier, id. The word, not licencit be the rector and Dene of facultie of the Acts Ja. however, seems immediately formed from Almous, q. v. vniuersitie to ant almout." VI. 1574, Ed. 1814, p. 87. It were alms or aamous, used to denote what one de- ALMORIE, a. Anciently a place ALMERIE, but in a bad sense "It wou'd be an aumoun where alms were or distributed. serves, ; as, deposited, to gie him a weel-payed skin," it would be a good or it to a In later times has been used denote meritorious act ; a very frequently used, S. " phrase Those who leave so a it were but alm press or cupboard, where utensils for house- good kirk, to them." Scotland's Glory and her Shame, are laid as E. hang keeping up; pron. ambry. Aberd. 1805, p. 44. clois the burde tak the Go ; and awa chyre, And lok in all into yon almorie. ALMOUSSER, s. Almoner. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, 73. p. "It hes pleasit the kingis maiestie ffor the gude, his e was on the Ay almerie. trew, and profitable seruice done to him be his belouit Ibid. p. 77. maistir Petir his hienes and maister " Young, preceptor Nevertheles, in certain cases, the wife sould be almousser, and that in the educatioune of his hienes answerable, that is, gif the thing stollen is found and vertewouslie in lettres during his minoritie, to haue apprehended within her keyes, quhilk she lies in her confermit certane infeftmentis, qnhilkis the said maister cure and keiping, as within her spense, her arke or Petir hes obtenit of certane few landis of the abbacie almerie ; and gif the thing stollen be found within her of Aberbrothok," &c. Acts Ja. VI. 1581, Ed. 1814, p. keyes : she as consentanu with her husband, sail be 236. culpable, and punished." Quon. Attach, c. 12. s. 7. A. -a. a. Almoner. almerige, repositorium, scrinium, abacus ; 0. Fr. ALMOWR, aumaire. " James Spottiswood was commanded to stay with The term was our forefathers to tie almery applied by the queene, and attend her Ma as her Almoner." inclosures of appropriated for a variety purposes for Mem. of Dr. 3. ' Spottiswood, p. family use. We read of "a met almery, a place for

meat ; "aweschale for ves- holding almery," holding ALOFT, adv. Equivalent to up, as referring sels of a size Act. Doin. Cone. A. 131 larger ; 1489, p. ; to a state of warfare. "a cop almery," a cupboard; Ibid, p. 98; "a wayr almery," probably for containing ware* or articles of "There were then some robbers aloft in the high- various kinds; Ibid, p. 131. lands, of whom they made the bruit to pass, that they ALO [38] ALS

would come down and beset the ways." Guthry's tioned, that Moes-G. hwar seems nearly allied to a Mem. p. 46. hwarb-an ire, a v. denoting motion towards place ; and Su.-G. hwarf-wa, reverti, abire, expressing change To v. a. To Aberd. ALOUS, release, Reg. of place. MS. V. ALLOWS. ALRY, adj. For its different senses, V. EL- ALOW, prep. Below. It is also used as an EISCHE. adv. in the same sense, Ettr. For. s. Chaucer uses alowe as an adj. in the sense of low. ALRYNE, Thy tour, and fortres lairge and lang, adv. in a S. A-LOW, On fire, blazing state, Thy nychbours dois excelL " And for thik aud Sit down and warm ye, since the sticks are a-low." thy wallis, strang, Thow beirs the bell. The Pirate, i. 103. justlle Thy work to luik on is delyite, So so so evin. To GANG A-LOW, to take fire, or to be set on clein, sound, Thy alryne is a mervall greit, S. fire, Upreiching to the hevin. ' ' Maitland 255. That discreet man Maister Wishart is een to gang Poems, p. a-low this blessed day, if we dinnastop it." Tennant's This apparently signifies a watch-tower, or the Card. Beaton, p. 114. highest part of a castle. The passage forms part of the description of the ancient castle of Lethingtouu. adv. All over. ALOWER, ALOWIR, Su.-G. hall or hald signifies a tower, from halla to defend thence as in "Ane uther of blew satine pasmentit alower with ; liallare, which, occurring Chron. " gold & silver, laich nekit with bodies and syde slevis. Rhythm., is rendered by Ihre, praesidium : the are hallarena. Teut. Coll. Inventories, A. 1578, p. 221. It frequently oc- watchmen designed Ben, reyn, curs here. signifies termination. Thus it may here signify the ' ' Ane uther pair of crammosie satine pasmentit al- highest point or pinnacle. Ir. rin is synon., denoting owir with braid pasrnentis of silvir and gold." Ib. p. a summit. 226. ALS, conj. As. s. An ALPE, elephant. Thus Wallace ferd als fers as a lyoun. ii. 113. Thai made Mr bodi bio and blae, Wallace, MS. That er was white so bon alpes ; Bower thus records the language of a very simple Seththen he to his seyd men and laconic charter of K. Athelstane, which must Prisouns hir swithe anon. have given fully as good security for the property Legend St. Katerine, MS. Gl. Crnn.pl. p. 332. disposed, as the multiplied tautologies of a modern bon is A.-S. Alpes ivory. elp, yip, elephas ; radically deed. the same with Heb. bos. *)l!?N, aluph, I kyng Adelstane Giffys here to Paulan ALQUHARE, ALL QUHAKE, adv. Every Oddam and Boddam, where. Als gude and als fair, As evir thai myn war : The hald here and thare large And tharto witnes Maid my wyf. Was flllit full of Grekis ouer alquhare. Fordun Scotichron. L. xix. c. 51. Doug, Virgil, 55, 31. The phraseology is undoubtedly modernised. In R. Full slyd sche slyppys hyr membris ouer alquhare. Glouc. it occurs in the sense of as. Ibid. 218, 54. Als was generally employed in the first part of a The Quene excellent in Dido, bewte, as from the authorities To cummis with ane fare comparison, appears already tempill menye Mr. Tooke has another from Of lusty youngkeris walking hir about, quoted. given Douglas. Like to the goddes Diane with hir rout, Sche Endlang the flude of Ewrote on the bra, Glidis away vnder the fomy seis, Or vnder the toppes of hir hill Cynthia, Als swift as ganye or fedderit arrow fleis. Ledand ring dancis, quham followis ouer all quhare Virgil, 323, 46. Ane thousand flokand here and thare. nymphis "Ala," says this acute writer, "in our old English Ibid. 42. 28, is a contraction of Al, and ee or as: and this Al, This term must be substituted for Dguhare in The (which in comparisons used to be very properly em- Houlate. ployed before the first es or as, but was not employed The Dowglas in thay dayis, duchtye alquhare, before the second) we now, in modem English sup- Archibald the honorable in habitations, press." "As is an article; and (however and when- Weddit that wlowk of wicht, worthye ware, ever used in English) means the same as It, or That, With rent and with riches. - or Which. In the German, where it still evidently re- Part ii. st. 19. MS. tains its original signification and use (as so also does) i.e. "every where brave," or "powerful in war." it is written, Es." Hence he resolves the quotation ' ' all and where Moes-G. and Su. -G. in this : From quhare, ; hwar, from Virgil manner She glides away (with) Franc, and " A.-S. hwaer, Alem. uuar, Germ, war, Belg. all that swiftness (with) which feathered arrows fly. waer. The word is formed like Alem. eocouuerti, Divers. Purley, i. 274277. in similar sense, ubique, omni loco, from eoco all, and This is extremely ingenious, and it must be acknow- uuart place. Wachter thinks that uuart, locus, is ledged that the resolution of the passage corresponds merely a derivative from uuar, ubi, by the addition to its meaning. But it does not appear that als is of in which manner derivatives are t, frequently formed from al and as. This supposition is contrary formed. One would almost suspect, however, that to the analogy of the language. It might be traced to had been a noun hwar, uuar, originally signifying A.-S. ealles, omnino, omnimodis, Lye ; penitus, plen- uses it as if it still were so place. Douglas ; by pre- arie, fully, absolutely, perfectly ; Somn. This is used the ouer all fixing prep, over, over; quhare, q. over in conjunction with swa, so ; Na ealles swa, non ita every place. It may perhaps deserve to be men- penitus, not wholly or altogether so. As we have seen ALS [39] ALU

with still less that E. so is derived tliat Alter, allaris, aliens, is the gen. plur. of eall, all, assert, propriety, (iiiiiics to be the from the Moes-G. sa, so ; when it is recollected that ; ealles, omnino, aeema merely gen. in has A.-S. swa occurs times as sir, sing, used adverbially. Moes-G. all the same innumerable, signifying ita. that E. so is sense. Thus the passage might be resolved : It appears unquestionable, indeed, derived from Moes-G. SUM, the medium of the Altogether swift as ganye, &c. through A.-S. particle perfectly corresponding both in form But I it from A.-S. eall and nea, so. prefer deriving and sense. The descent may indeed be traced. eall swa is used in eall swa tarn Thus comparison ; eft, old Moes-G. and A.-S. swa is retained in our writings ; als eall swa tantidem. stepe, Lye, oft; and myceles, softened sometimes appearing as sua. It was gradually The latter seems to be the very phrase which so com- into sa ; and in more modern writings into sae, S. E. monly occurs in our old laws. V. ALSMEKLK. so is nothing else than Moes-G. and A.-S. swa, with m Germ, als is used as a expressive of com- particle thrown and as in a thousand instances, sowal tarn out, a, changed parison, ah wie, tanquam ; ah, quam. into o. V. SUA, ALSUA. Wachter observes that this is the same with Germ. also, sic, ita; and formed from it per apocopen. Of ALSAME, adv. Altogether. the latter he gives the following account : Ortum a rursus sensum And here ml oft at burdis and simplici o, sic, ut ; et praefixo all, quod by by, heres war sit intendit. The wount togydder alsame, Quhen brytnit was, efter the gyse, the rarne. Doug. Viryil, 211, 14. ALS, ALSE, adv. Also, in the same manner. From A.-S. all, eall, all, and same, together. I can als tell how othyr twa Alsamen is used in the same sense ; and frequently Poyntis that weile eschewyt wer occurs in MS. Royal Coll. Phys. Edin. With fyfty men, and but wer. Alem. simul. Mil into alsaman Barbour, xvi. 498. MS. alsame.il, azin, Otfrid, iv. 9, 36. Hence alsamanon, congregare. My faithfull fadyr dispitfully thai slew, My brothir als, and gud men mony ane. a. Wallace, ii. 193, MS. ALSHINDER, Alexanders, Smyrnium " Ande alse the prudent due Perecles, quha bed the olusatrum, Linn., S. of the coraont veil of Athenes xxxvi gouerning yeiris, Dear me ! there's no an alshinder I meet, yit in his aige of Ix yeiris, he left the glorius stait of There's no a whinny bush that trips my leg, Athenes, & past to remane in ane litil village quhar he There's no a tulloch that I set my foot on, remembrance frae' her dear retreat. set his felicit^ to keip nolt and scheip." Compl. S. p. But woos 69. Donald and Flora, p. 82. This is an abbrev. of A.-S. eall id. evidently swa, ALSMEKLE, adv. As much. Tha cwaeth he eall swa to tham othrum ; Then said he also to the second, Matt. xxi. 30. Add alswa aelswa, "That all men Secularis of the Realme be weill the item, etiam. According to the learned author of Eireo purvait of the said harnes and wapinnis, vnder nVepoexra, "the German so and the English so (though painis followand, that is to say, of ilk gentilman, alsmekle als in one language it is called an A dverb or Conjunction ; at the thride default x. pund, and oftymes and in the other, an Article or Pronoun), are yet both as he defaltis efterwart." Acts Ja. I. 1425. c. 67. of them derived from the Gothic article sa, so: and Edit. 1566. V. ALS, conj. have in both languages retained the original meaning, viz. It or That, i. p. 274." ALSONE, adv. As soon. But some difficulties occur as here, which, they And alsone as the day wes clear, could scarcely escape the penetrating eye of this Thai that with in the castell wer writer, he ought at least to have mentioned. What Had armyt thaim, and maid thaim boun. good reason can be assigned for deriving Germ, and E. Harbour, xv. 131. MS. so from Moes-G. it or rather sa, so, signifying that, It seems to be properly als sone, from als conj. q. v. in the than from swa and swe, two particles used and A.-S. sona, soon. same Moes-G., and at the very same period of its ex- istence, precisely in the sense of the Germ, and E. ALSSAFEK, adv. In as far; Aberd. Reg. terms ? if our modern must be traced to particles MS. Moes-G. sa, so, it might be supposed that the latter were used, in the of in the sense of language Ulphilas, Also. the former. But there is not the least evidence of this. ALSUA, adv. It must at any rate be supposed, if this be the proper And the treis begouth to ma origin of our so, that the Goths had formed their Burzeans, and brycht bloniVs alsua. particles, bearing the same meaning, from their article. Barbour, v. 10. MS. But how can it be accounted in an in for, that, age Than Venus knawing hir spech of fenyeit mynd, which both were in there should be such equally use, To that effect, scho mycht the Trojane kynd a difference in form? Sa must have been unnecessarily And wens to cum furth of Italy aJsna, transformed into ica ; and so, perhaps, still more Withhald, and kepe from boundis of Lybia, varied, by appearing as swe. If, however, there be no Answered and said. 24. affinity between these particles and the demonstrative Doug. Virgil, 103, article it or pronoun, in Moes-G. ; how can reasonably A.-S. alswa, id. V. ALS, adv. be supposed that the Germ, and E. would form their so from the Moes-G. article, rather than from one of ALSVVYTH, adv. Forthwith. two words formed to their hand in that and language, Bot a lady off that countre, the sense wished to Were bearing very they express? That wes till him in ner degre under a of which the they necessity doing that, Off cosynage, wes wondir blyth Mix'so-Goths did not find it to do for them- his necessary Off arywyng ; almcyth selves ? Or had the Goths so far deviated from a Sped hyr til him, in full gret hy, fundamental principle in grammar, well-known to the With fourtv men in cumpanv. i v. 136. MS. V. SWITH. Mi-mans and English, that the latter spurned their iiarbour, spurious adverbs, and proceeded de novo on the proper ground? It must be evident that our author can ALUNT, adv. In a blazing state, Roxb. AL W [40] AMB

To SET ALUNT, v. a. 1. To put in a blaze, AMALYEIT, part. pa. Enamelled. ibid. "Item sex duzane of buttonis quhairof thair is amafyeit with quheit and reid thrie duzane and the 2. Metaph. to kindle, to make to blaze, S. uther thrie duzane amalyeit with quhite and blak." Inventories, A. 1579, p. 278. For if they raise the taxes higher, set alunt that smoostin' They'll fire, adv. S. West- Whulk ilka session helps to beet, AMAIST, Almost, ; ameast, An', when it burns, they'll get a heat. morel. Hogg's"Scot. Pastorals, p. 16. Ere ye was born, her fate was past and gane, Sweet Meg raaist set my saul alunt And she amaist forgot by ilka ane. Wi' rhyme, an' Pate's disease. Jloss's Helenore, p. 126. A. Scott's Poems, 1811, p. 31. V. LUNT. A.-S. ealmaest ; Belg. almeest, id. ALWAYIS, conj. 1. Although; ALWAIES, AMANG, AMANGIS, prep. 1. Among. notwithstanding, however. This prerogatywe than " that it wes Alwayis Makdowald wes sa invadit, The Scottis fra the wan Peychtis ; to Makbeth." Bellend. necessar to him to gif battal And was kepyd welle alwayis Cron. b. xii. c. 1. Amang the Peychtis in thare dayis. "The kind and maner of this disease is conceiled, Wyntown, iv. 19. 40. of the verse of the alwaies it may be gathered penult The lave, that levyt in that cuntre, chapter." Brace's Serm. 1591. Sign. B. fol. 1. It is Banyst fra thame a gentyl-man, rendered although in the Eng. ed. 1617. That duelland amangys thame wes than. "The remonstrants, with all their power, would Wyntown, ii 9. 32. coronation of Charles others have opposed it, [the II.], Amang, S. Westmorel. as as were able. prolonged it long they Always, This, as has been very justly observed concerning blessed be it ia this celebrated with the E. is the idea of mixture God, day great joy word, from ; A.-S. meng- all men here." and contentment to honest-hearted an, ge-meng-an, Su.-G. maeng-a, Isl. meny-a, miscere. Baillie's Lett. ii. 367. It also frequently occurs in But Wachter derives Germ, meng-en to mix, from Hist. to Spotswood's maengd multitude ; which corresponds Isl. menge it resembles This may be viewed as a Fr. idiom, as turba, colluvies hominum, G. Andr. It may therefore all but is used toutesfois, which literally signifies times, be supposed that amang means, TO the crowd. The idea It seems in the sense of although. questionable, of its formation from maeng-a miscere, might seem to if this be not a kind of translation be however, merely supported by analogy ; Su.-G. ibland, among, being of the more ancient term algates, which, as has been formed in the same manner from bland-a to mix. It occurs in a sense at all seen, nearly allied, signifying is to be observed, however, that bland signifies a crowd, events. as well as Isl. menge. Ihre accordingly resolves ibland, in turba t inter, by ; from prep, denoting in, and bland, 2. it is as if it were a mere Sometimes used mixtura, turba. In like manner, Gael, measg, among, is from to to v. expletive, without any definite meaning. evidently measg-am mix, mingle, " MENYIE. Nochtheles, he beleuit (gif his army faucht with per- seuerant to haue be sum chance of Constance) victory 2. It seems used adverbially as signifying, at fortoun. Alwayis he set down his tentis at Dupline nocht intervals, far fra the water of Erne." Bellend. Cron. B. xv. c. 2. occasionally. Nochttheles is the translation of nihil tamen in Boeth. It wes gret cunnandnes to kep Thar takill in till sic a But there is no term in the original corresponding with thrang ; And sic wawis for alwayis. wyth ; ay amang, The wawys reft thair sycht off land. Barbour, iii. 714. MS. AMAILLE, s. Enamel. About hir neck, quhite as the fyre amaille, AMANG HANDS, in the meantime, S. O. A gudelie chyne of small orfeverye " My father put a' past me that he could, and had Quhare by there hang a ruby, without faille, he not deet amang hands, I'm sure I canna think Like to ane hert schapin verily, " what would hae come o' me and first wife. The That, as a sperk of lowe so wantonly my i. 284. Semyt birnyng upon hir quhite throte. Entail, King's Quair, ii. 29. A.-S. gemang tham has the same meaning, interea, "in the mean Somner. "White as the enamel produced by means of the time," fire." Tytler conjectures that "the two last words for have been erroneously transcribed," and that "the AMANISS, prep. Among, amangis. as the original probably is, Quhite fayre anamaill, or "Tharfor ilk soytour of the said dome, and thar enamell." But Fr. email is used in the same sense ; lordis ilkman be him self, is in ane amerciament of the also Dan. email. vo. amel, Belg. malie, Juniua, court of parliament ; and in ane vnlav of the said Enamel, refers to Teut. maelen, A.-S. mael, for thaim and in pingere, ayer ; ane vnlau of the parliament and seems to think that the root is Moes-G. imago ; amaniss thaim al, sic as efferis of lav." Act. Audit ' ' " scribere. The is an ex- mel-jan, fyre amaille, A. 1476, p. 57. pression highly proper. It corresponds to the Lat. name encaustum ; encaustus, enamelled, q. burnt-in, AMBASSATE, AMBASSIAT, s. 1. This term with fire. It is, however, anmaille ; wrought fayre is not with as the Chron. S. P. i. 21. synon. embassy, denoting " for sent nor does it Ammell, id. 0. E. Ammell golde smythes [Fr.] message ; properly signify esmael;" hence "ammellyng, [Fr.] esmailleure ;" the persons employed, viewed individually: Palsgrave, B. iii. f. 17. The v. also occurs. "I am- but it the same considered mell as a dothe his worke : Your broche respects persons golde smyth" is very well amelled. Ibid. F. 144, a. collectively. AMB [41] AMY

Than the ambassiat, that was returnit agane, -He message send From Diomedes cietc5 Etholiane, Tyl Arwyragus, than the Kyng, that For til amese all were and He bad do schaw the credence they brocht, stryfe. Perordoure alhale thare answere, faland nocht. H yntoum, v. 3. 49. Doug. Virgil, 369, 33. This has no connexion with Fr. emmat-ir, cohibere, In this sense it is used in 0. E. reprimere, to which Rudd. inclines to trace it. Mr. The kynge then gaue unto that hye ambassale Macpherson mentions C. B. matw, soft. This Ihre riche and to Full giftes golde enoughe spende ; considers as derived from Su.-G. mas-a, to warm ; And bad theim their in whole geue lordes, senate, masa sig foer elden, ante focum pandiculari. But His letters whiche he then to sende. so, hyrn the undoubtedly is Germ, mass-en moderari, Chron. FoL 74. b. origin Hardynge's Franc, id. Germ, macse- temperare, mitigare ; mtzz-an, Fr. ambassade, id. igen, is now most generally used. Wachter traces these terms to Germ, Alem. mez, modus. The 2. I find it used in one instance for a single mass, t>. Meis, q. v. is used in the same sense with Ameis. person. "It wes concludit to send twa ambassatouris. the sindry AMEITT1S, s. pi. A meit denotes amice, Ane of thaim to pas to the confiderat kyngis of " the first or undermost of a priest's Scottis and Pychtis. The secund ambassat to pas to part Etius capitane of France." Bellend. Cron. B. vii. c. habit, over which he wears the alb." 16. "Item ane chesabill, twa abbis, twa ameittti of This term has by many learned writers been traced Bartane clayth," &c. Coll. Inventories, A. 1542, p. to a remote Festus has observed, that with Eii- age. 58. nius ambactes, in the Gaulic language, denotes a ser- Fr. amict, L. B. amict-us, primum ex sex indumentis, vant. From Ciesar, Bell. Gall. c. 14, it appears that it episcopo et presbyteris communibus ; Amictits, Alba, was a name given by the Gauls to the retainers or Cingufum, Stola, Manipulus, et Planeta. Du Cange. clients of great men. This term has passed through

almost all the Goth, dialects ; Moes-G. andbahts, 8. Enamel. whence ministrare A.-S. AMEL, minister, andbahtjan, ; ambilit, " ambald Her colour outvied the and the damask rose ; embe/it, ymbeht, minister ; Alem. ; ampahti, lily it im- Gl. Mons. Isl. ambat, ambot, id. It has been deduced and the amel of her eye, when she smiled, was to look on." Winter Ev. Tales, from am or amb, circum, and biet-en, praecipere, one possible steadfastly ii. 8. who receives the commands of another ; from Alem. V. AMAILLE. cir- mdi bach, post tergum ; from amb and acM-en, q. Pleasant. cumagere, one who is constantly engaged as acting for AMENE, adj. his That the first circum is superior. syllable signifies For to behald it was ane glore to se because it both as ambiht and highly probable, appears The stabillyt wyndys, and the calmyt se, in is in ymbiht A.-S. ; and although and used Moes-G., The soft sessoun, the firmament serene, amene. from the structure of the word, it would seem that balit, The loune illuminate are, and firth 4. or bahts, is the second syllable. But whatever be the Doug. Virgil, 400, formation of this word, it is supposed to have origi- Lat. amoen-tie, id. nated the modern term. It is indeed very probable that L. B. found in the Salic law as verdant. ambascia, signify- AMERAND, adj. Green, ing honourable was formed from Alem. am- service, I walkit furth about the feildis tyte, bahti and thence ambasciator. id., Quhilkis tho repleuist stude ful of delyte, With herbis, cornes, cattel and frute treis, . The same with AMBAXAT, AMBASSATE, Plente of store, birdis and besy beis, embassy. In amerand medis fleand est and west. " Doug. Virgil, 449, 13. Exceptand the acciouns pertening to my lordis, From the colour of the emerald, Fr. emeraud. and personis that suld pass in our souerane lordis lega- It is that this has been written Amtr- cioun & ambaxat." Act. Dom. Cone. A. 1491, 200. conjectured p. for each other. aud ; u and n being often mistaken AMBRY, s. A press in which the provision ?. a. To to amerce. for the daily use of a family in the country To AMERCIAT, fine, '* vnlaw and amerciat is locked up, S. A word," says Johns. "To cause becallit absents, to '' &c. Acts Cha. I. Ed. 1814, V. 502. still used in the northern counties, and in transgressouris," Lat. part, amerciat-us. Scotland." V. ALMERIE, AUMKIE, and CAP-AMBRY. AMERIS, AUMERS, s. pi. Embers. "They brake down beds, boards, ambries, and other The assis depe, mnrnand with mony cry, out attains timber work, and made fire of the sameu." Spalding's Doun did thay cast, and scrappis birsiflit Troub. ii. 188. The hete ameris, and the banys. Doug. Viryil, 368, 27. AMBUTIOUN, . Ambition. Lurid and black, his giant steed " Scowl'd like a thunder-cloud Consider weill ar, for ar to fecht for ; quhat ye ye his Blae as the levin glaust mane ; na ambutioun nor auarice, bot allanerly be constant His een like aumers glow'd. virtew." Bellend. Cron. B. v. c. 3. Jamienon's Popul. Sail. L 243. I is the of A.-S. To AMEISE, AMESE, AMEYSS, . a. To miti- This, apprehend, pron. Moray. aemyria, Belg. ameren, Su.-G. morja ; Isl. eimyria, gate, to appease. favilla ; which some derive from eimur tenuis fumus, Bot that war him pthyr lordis, by Dan. em, Jem, favilla. Ameissyt the King in to party. xvi. 134. MS. Earbour, In or toward the midst i.e. in part assuaged his indignation. In edit. 1620, AMYDWART, prep. Hes iiuased, &o. of. AMY [42] AMS

He thare with mony thousand can hy, Full of quaking spangis brycht as gold, And euin amydwart in his trone grete, Forgit of schap like to the amarettis. For him arrayit, takin has his sete. King's Quair, ii. 27, 28. Doug. Virg. 137, 25. Not yclad in silk was he, But all in flouris and flourettis, AMYRALE, AMYRALL, s. An admiral. Y painted all with amorettis. Chaucer, 'Rom. Rose. Of Prawns thai tuk wp all of were And slwe the Amyrale of that Hot. Fr. amourettes, love-tricks, dalliances, Cotgr. Wyntmm, vii. 9. 99. v. a. move with Fr. arniral; Belg. ammirael; Ital. ammiraglio, L. B. To AMOVE, AMOW, To admiralius. Kilian refers to Arab, ammir, rex, impe- anger, to vex, to excite. rator ; more amir, a a lord. Hence, properly, prince, The Kyng Willame nevertheles it is said, the Saracens and Turks, the satrap of among Heyly amount thar-at wes, a or of a had the title of Amtra city, prefect province, And stwde this gud man hale agayne and Amiral. to Du he who had According Cange, In fawour of hys awyne chapyllayne. the of fleet the command a was also, among Saracens, Wyntown, vii. 8. 278. called Amiral. Admiralius is mentioned Matt. by For thoucht our fayis haf mekill mycht, Paris, as a Saracen designation, A. 1272. According Thai have the and wrang succudry ; to Mr. Ritson, the original Arabic is ameer al omrah, And cowatyss of senyowry or of the E. prince princes ; Gl. Met. Rom. Amowys thaim, for owtyn mor. The learned Lundius (in his Not. ad LL. West- Harbour, xii. 299. MS. Goth. views it as a word of Gothic and as ) origin ; Amove is used in O. E. Fr. emouv-oir, id. formed of a, the mark of the dative, mir, mor, the sea, and al all toti mari V. Seren. Addend, ; q. praafectus. AMOUR, s. Love. in Not. Of hete amouris the subtell quent fyre and consumis banis and lire. To AMIT, v. a. To admit. Waystis merch, Doug. Virgil, 102, 3. Quhat will mar ? this ye thing amittyt was, Fr. amour, Lat. amor. That Wallace sukl on to the lyoun pas. Wallace, xi. 235. MS. AMPLEFEYST, s. 1. A sulky humour, Amit my asking, gif so the fatis gvdis. Loth. a term both to Doug. Virgil, 154, 46. Roxb. ; applied man and beast. A horse is said to tak the ample- AMITAN, s. A fool or mad person, male or feyst, when he becomes restive, or kicks with female; one yielding to excess of anger, Dumfr. violence. It is sometimes pronounced wimple-

C. B. ameth denotes a failure. feyst. '' 2. fit of He's ta'en an A spleen ; as, up AMITE, s. An ornament which Popish amplefeyst at me," Roxb. canons or priests wear on their arms, when " 3. talk canna be they say mass. Unnecessary ; as, We wi' a' his ibid. "3 albs and 3 amUes with parutes therto of the fash'd amplefeysts" same stuff." Hay's Scotia Sacra, MS. p. 189. Here, I suspect, it properly includes the idea of such 0. E. amess, amice, amict, id. V. AMEITTIS. language as is expressive of a troublesome or discon- tented disposition. AMMELYT, part. pa. Enamelled. If immplefeyst should be considered as the original form, we trace the term to Isl. wambill, abdo- Sum stele hawbrekis forgis furth of plate, might Birnyst ftawkertis fcnd leg harnes fute hate, men, andfys, flatus, peditus, iiomfys-a, pedere. With latit sowpyl siluer weil ammelyt. Doug. Virgil, 230, 26. AMPLIACIOUN, s. Enlargement. " Fr. emaill-er ; L. B. amaylare ; Belg. emailer-en ; He tuke purpois to spend all the monie and riches, Dan. ameler-er, id. V. AMAILLB. gottin be this aventure, in ampliacioun of the Hous of Jupiter." Bellend. T. Liv. p. 91. v. a. To AMMONYSS, To admonish, to Fr. ampliation, id. counsel, to exhort. s. The of a fort. And has sene AMPTMAN, governor quhen Schyr Aymer " Before my departing, I took an attestation, from Wyt ye weil him wes full way. the Amptman of the castle, of the good order and dis- Bot he mouuht nocht ammmyss sway, cipline that was kept by us there." Monro's Exped. That for him wald tome ony again. P. ii. p. 9, 10. Barbour, viii. 349. MS. Dan. ambt-mand, seneschall, castellan, constable, i.e. or in such a also "admonish so, manner." He keeper of a castle, from ambd, an office, employment, uses for V. MONESTYNO. or a civil officer amonessing admonishing. charge ; Swed. aembetsman, ; Teut. ampt-tnan, amman, praefectus, praetor. Kilian. AMOREIDIS, s. pi. Emeralds. "Ressavit fra the erll of Murray ane cordoun of AMRY, s. A sort of cupboard. V. AUMRIE. bonnet, with peirlis, rubeis, and amoreidis ; the nom- ber of rubeis ar nyne, and of greit peirlis xlii, and of AMSCHACH, s. A misfortune, S. B. Coll. emeroldis nyne." Inventories, A. 1579, p. 278. But there is nae need, To sickan an anishach that we drive our head, AMORETTIS, s. pi. Loveknots, garlands. As lang's we're sae skair'd frae the spinning o't. Ross's 135. And on Mr hede a chaplet fresch of hewe, Song, Helenore, p. Of plumys partit rede, and quhite, and blewe : Ir. and Gael, anshorjh, adversity, misery. AMS [43] ANA

It is used Chaucer in the sense of if'. s. "Noose, fastening," Gl. frequently by AMSHACK, Fayn wolde I do you mirthe, and I wiste how. Sibb. Canterbury T. v. 768. This seems the same with Ham-sJtackd, q.v. For and I shulde rekene every vice, Which that she hath, ywis I wer to nice. To AMUFF, v. a. To move, to excite. Ibid. v. 10307. " That na man tak on hande in tyme to cum to amuff An, as far as I have observed, appears to be the more modern borrowed from or mak weir aganis other vnder all payne that may orthography, vulgar pronun- folowe be course of commoun lawe." Parl. Ja. I. A. ciation. and a charter." S. 1424, Acts Ed. 1814, p. 1. V. AMOVE. "If An, spoils many good Prov. 209. Kelly, p. " AN. IN AN, adv. V. IN. Dr. Johnson has observed, that an is sometimes, in old authors, a contraction of and if;" quoting, as a a. from : To AN, r. proof, the following passage Shakespeare Wist ye what Tristrem ware, He must speak truth, will take so if he's Miche gode y wold him an ; An they it, ; not, plain. Your owhen soster him bare. But this conjecture has not the slightest foundation. Sir 42. st. 66. Tristrem, p. Su.-G. aen is used in the same sense with our aw. Y take that me Gode an. Particula conditionalis, says Ihre, literarum elementis Ibid. 144. p. et sono referens Grsecorum cav, si. He adds, that it is "To owe, what God owes me, i.e. means to send now almost obsolete, although it occurs very frequently me ;" Gl. I apprehend that the v. properly signifies, in the ancient laws of the Goths. Mn foe Jlogher, si to allot as one's own not as imme- " an the fe S. to appropriate, ; pecus transilierit ; fle," Leg. Westg. Su.-G. dare as diately allied to A.-S. ag-an, aeg-a possidere ; Mr. Tooke derives an from A.-S. an-an ; id. indeed ren- but to egn-a, proprium facere, Germ, eigen-en, eign-- n, synon. to if, gif, from gif-an, Somner one's I or id. from Su.-G. egen, Germ, eigen, proprius, own; ders An as equivalent to do vel dono, give grant ; -S. are formed from from a deed in as A. agn-ian, agn-igean, posaidere, quoting this instance testamentary agtn proprius, a derivative from ag-an, whence E. owe. A.-S., although without mentioning the place, jErext Thus an, to which the modern own corresponds, is re- that ic an minum hlaforde, &c. Primum quod ipse lated to ag-an, only in the third degree. donavi Domino meo. Lye translates An, indulgeat, be also used in the It seems, however, to improperly largiatur, Csedm. 41, 4. As and seems to be the old sense of owe, or am indebted to. orthography of this word, Mr. Tooke might probably with used in its Sir King, God loke the, view it as from the same origin and, As y the love and an, common sense, et ; which he derives from An-an-ad, And thou hast served me. dare congeriem. But as Su.-G. aen has not only the Ibid. 47. in the old of the p. signification of si, but also of et, laws Isl. has the it does Goths ; and as end same meaning ; con/. 1. If. AN, AND, not appear probable that the A. -Saxons would need to ar to fer fra hame to We fley. clap two words together, in order to form a conjunction Tharfor lat ilk man worthi be. that was every moment in their mouths. of this countre Yone ar gadryngis ; And thai sail fley, I trow, lychly, 2. An is sometimes used as equivalent to And men assaile thaim manlylv. Harbour, xiv. 282. MS. although. " Luf syn thy nychtbourie, and wirk thame na vnricht, Get enemies the mastery over Christ as they will, Willing at thou and thay may haue the sicht he will ay be up again upon them all, an they hail and thame nocht therfra Of heuynnys blys, tyist ; sworn't." W. Guthrie's Serm. p. 11. For and thou do, sic luf dow nocht ane stra. 54. Doug. Virgil, 95, . a holm ANA, ANAY, A river-island, ; And thow my counsal wrocht had in al thing, Roxb. Ful welcum had thou bene ay to that King. pron. q. awna, J'riesls of J'eblis, p. 44. "The Ana, or island, opposite to the library [Kelso], as also the And is generally used for if throughout this Poem. was many feet under water, was pier-head. re- thir wordis Wallace as Not a vestige could be seen of Wooden Ana. We At gud brynt fyr ; Oxir he ansuerd him in ire. gret to observe that the Mill Ana, which is so beauti- haistely Thowleid, he said, the suth full oft has beyn, ful an ornament to this place, is materially injured, Thar and I baid, quhar thou durst noclit be seyn, and one of its finest trees overthrown." Caledonian Contrar eneniys, ua mar, for Scotlandis rycht, Mercury, Jan. 29, 1820. Than dar the Howlat that the is quhen day brycht ; "Depones, that the nolt never pastured on the That taill full meit thow lias tauld be thi sell. Anay ; and that when they did ly down, it was always To thi dcsyr thow sail me nocht compell. on the stones at the head of the Anay ; and that when x. 14ti. MS. Wallace, the cattle came into the water-channel at the head of There havel where thou durst not be seen. bidden, Wooden Anay, there was no grass growing, unless Edit. 1648. 269. p. what sprung up among the stones." Proof, Walker of It must be that if and here it observed, signify if, Easter Wooden, 1756, p. 1, 2. must in be viewed as immediate connexion with these The termination would certainly indicate a Goth, words, Isl. A.-S. Su.-G. an origin ; ey, eage, oe, denoting That taill full &c. meit, island ; which Ihre traces to Heb. 'H ft, id. This In this case, Wallace, instead of absolutely asserting, word forms the termination of these well-known desig- i.e. the southern only makes a supposition that he appeared where nations, the Sudereys, the Norder^d, Stewart durst his face the of islands of most of the not shew ; and on ground islands, the northern ; ami this supposition applies Stewart's tale concerning the names of the islands of Orkney, as it appears even in Howlat to himself. If this be not the connexion, their general denomination. But the initial syllable which is at best doubtful, and is here used in a singular bears more resemblance to the Celtic, and may be sense. It in this indeed as the Gael. might, case, signify, truly, ; viewed originally same with C.-B, awon, analogous to Isl. enda, quidem, G. Andr. p. 61. amhain, pron. avain, a river, retained as the name of ANA [44] AND

we the word it seems several rivers in Britain. Could suppose explained by Dr. Johnson. In S. Goth, it would be Awon- " comp. of a Celt, and word, q. to not but in denotes an properly signify, every thing, ey, the river-island. Su. -G. oen, however, addition to what has been men- island attached to the continent ; insula, continent; already adfixa Loccen. Lex. Jur. Suio-Goth. 22. ; p. tioned;" also, "besides." Bat, I am informed, is in Tweeddale used in the The red, red rose is dawning and a'. same sense with Ana. The white haw-bloom drops hinnie an' a'. I' the howe-howms o' Nithsdale my love lives an' a'. To v. a. To to alienate ; ANALIE, dispone, Rem. Niths. Song, p. 110, 111, 112. term. a juridical For And a'. V. STA'. " Prelats may not analie their lands, without the AND ALL was anciently used in the same sense. ii. c. Tit. thre and King's confirmation." Reg. Maj. B. 23. "Item ane claith of estate with pandis "The husband may not analie the heretage, or lands the taill and all freinyeit with threid of gold." Coll. pertaining to his wife." Quon. Attach, c. 20. Inventories, A. 1561, p. 133. Lat. In both places alienare is the term used in the in copy. In the first passage, although analie occurs ANDERMESS, s. V. ANDYR'S-DAY. the Title, dispone is the term used in the chapter. word is evi- This is also the case, Ibid. c. 20. The ANDYR'S-DAY, ANDROIS-MESS, ANDER- formed from the Lat. v. by transposition. dently MESS, s. The day dedicated to St. Andrew, ANALIER, . One who alienates goods, by the Patron Saint of Scotland, the 30th of transporting them to another country. November. "The King's land and realme is subject to weir- I me went this Andyr's day, not be made analiers Ffast on fare ; and therefore sould poore by my way making my mone, In a of & sellers of gudes and geir transported furth of the mery mornyng May, Be Bankis self alone. realme." 1 Stat. Rob. I. c. 23. 1. Alienatoreg, Lat. Huntley my True Thomas, Jamieson's Pop. Ball. ii. 11. copy. V. the v. "Anent salmond fishing for the wateris of Forth, call over to To ANAME, v. a. To names, Teth and Tay, and their graines, that they may be- muster. gin at Andermess as was done befoir." Acts Cha. I. Ed. 1814, vol. V. 275. In the abbay of Hexhame "The haill clergie laitlie grantit the sowme of All thare folk thai gert aname ; 2500 Lib. to be be thame to his Grace at the first And in-til all thare ost thai fand payit of Midsomer last and the sowme of 2500 Lib. Of men armyd bot twa thowsande. bipast, Wyntown, viii. 40. 104. at the feist of Sanct Andro nixtoeum. The saidis pre- latis hes instantlie avansit to my said Lord Governour adv. the same witli ANARLIE, Only ; thair partis of the said Androis-Messe- Terme, togid- der with the rest of the last Midsomer-Terme awand be anerly. thame." Sed'. Counc. A. 1547, Keith's Hist. App. p. richt excellent Johne duke of "That ane prince 55. anarlie naturaill and lauchful sone of vm- Albany, The name of Andirsmess Market is still given to a fair Alex', duke of is the secund quhile Albany, persoune held at this season, at Perth. anelie air to his said of this realme, & umquhile /<&." Saintandrosmes occurs in the same sense. Acts Ja. V. 1516, II. 283. V. ANERLY. "Thelordis assignis to Dungall M'Dowaleof Mac- carstoune to that he has to the Abbot of To ANARME, ANNARME, v. a. To arm. prufe pait Kelso xij chalder, iiij bolle of mele & bere, & iiij bolle "Hk burges hauand fyftie pundis in gudis, salbe of for the teindis of of the termes ' quhete M'karstone, haill as a Gentilman aucht to be. Acts Ja. anarmit, of Saintandrosmes and Candilmes last past." Act. I. 1429. c. 137. edit. 1566. Com. Cone. A. 1480, p. 76. More strictly it denotes the night preceding St. . Properly a loaf ANCHOR-STOCK, Andrew's day, Aberd. Berths. "Andirmes, Andirsmes, made of the same with ANKER-STOCK. rye ; or the vigill of Sanct Androu." Aberd. Reg. " One of the first demonstrations of the approach of s. The of St. An- Christmas in Edinburgh was the annual appearance of ANDRIMESS-EWIN, vigil large tables of anchor-stocks at "the head of the Old drew, the evening before St. Andrew's day. Fishmarket Close. These anchor-stocks, the only "He askit at the sheriff till superced quhill the of bread made from that I have ever ob- species rye xxviij day of Nbvembr, quhilk is Setterda, forrow An- served offered for sale in the were exhibited in city, drimess ewin next to cum," &c. Chart. Aberbroth. of size a every variety and price, from halfpenny to a F. 141. half-crown." Blackw. Mag. Dec. 1821, p. 691. ANDLET, s. A very small ring, a mail. ANCIETY, ANCIETIE, s. Antiquity. "Andlets or males the Is. 6d." " did S pound weight The Clerk Register move before your LQP . Rates, A. 1670, p. 2. Fr. annelet. 1. The anciety of his place. Answer 1. For the ancietie of his place," &c. Acts Ch. II. Ed. 1814, vii. App. 68. ANDLOCIS. O. Fr. ancient. V. AUNCIETIE. " antit!, Pro ducentis et and- quadraginta mpnilibus dictis locis deauratis ad usum domine xxxvi s." Corn- ANCLETH, HANCLETH, s. Ankle, Gl. regine Tho. Cranstoun, A. 1438. Sibb. pot. The meaning of andlocis is in so far fixed by monili- bus ; but it is uncertain whether we are to understand AND, conj. If. V. AN. this as denoting necklaces, or ornaments in general. The latter seems the preferable sense, because of the AND A', AN' A', adv. Used in a sense dif- number mentioned two hundred and forty. Did not ferent from that in which it occurs in as E., the same objection lie against the idea of rings, this AND [45] ANE

a is dis- might be viewed as corr. from O. Fr. anelet, bague, nifying woman who, being single, not legally or rendered for married. anneau, annulus ; Roquefort, Suppl. : or had there qualified, unfit being been the slightest probability that bracelets had been s. meant, we might have traced the term to A.-S. hand, ANEDING, Breathing. manus, and loc sera, q. hand-locks, or locks for the On athir half thai war sa stad, wrists. For the rycht gret heyt that thai had, For fechtyn, and for sonuys het, That all thair flesche of swate wes wete. ANDREW, (The St.) a designation occasion- And sic a stew raiss out off thaim then, to the coin which is ally given Scottish gold Off aneding bath off horss and men, And off that sic more properly called the Lyon. powdyr ; myrknes In till the ayr abowyne thaim wes, "The St. Andrew of Robert II. weighs generally That it wes wondre for to se. 38 gr. that of Robert III. 60 gr. the St. Andrew or Barbour, xt 615. MS. Lion of James II. 48 gr. This continued the only de- This word is printed as if it were two, edit. Pink. vice till James III. introduced the unicorn the holding But it is one word in MS. Thus it has been read by shield." Cardonnel's Numism. Pref. 28. p. early editors, and understood in the sense given above. For in edit. 1620, it is rendered breatniinj, ANE, adj. One. p. 226. V. AYND, v. The Kingis off Irchery Come to Schyr Eduuard halily, a faithful thar ANEFALD, adj. Honest, acting And manredyn gan him ma ; Bot giff it war ane or twa. part. 304. Harbour, xvi. MS. And Amata the fare " farthermare, Quene, As the signes in the sacraments are not alwayis ane; Quhilk at al tymes thine ane fold freynd has bene, hir dois sterue sa the same in baith, are not of ane number : For in Wyth awne hand lyggand law, hir brocht of daw. baptisme, wee haue but ane element, into this sacra- And for effray selfe has ment wee haue twa elements." Bruce's Serm. on the Doug. Virgil, 435. 16. Sacrament, 1590. Sign. F. 2. b. Fidelis/sima, Virg. Here it is printed, as if the two Moes-G. ain; A.-S. an, ane; one. Su.-G. an; mod. syllables formed separate words. Su.-G. en; Ainu., Germ., and Isl. e;'Belg. een; This is evidently the same with a/aid, with this dif-

Gael, aon, id. . . ference only, that in the composition of it a, as signify- is in sense. ing one, used ; and here ane, the same ANE, article, signifying one, but with less em- phasis. ANEIST, ANIEST, ANIST, prep. Next to, used also as an adv. V. Mr. Macpherson justly observes, that this is proper- Ayrs. Roxb. ; the same with the " In ly " adjective. Wyntown's NEIST. time," he adds, it was rarely used before a word be- The auld wife aniest the fire with a consonant, but afterwards it was put ginning She died for lack of finishing. before all nouns V. and other indifferently. Douglas Herd's Coll. ii. 16. later writers." Barbour, who preceded Wyntown, " " Off I sets for the gray stone anist the town-clengh. uses it occasionally before a word beginning with a Blackw. Mag. Nov. 1820, p. 201. consonant, although rarely. In till his luge a fox he saw, ANELIE, adv. Only. That fast on ane salmound gan gnaw, are and fastned with ane Barbowr, xix. 664. MS. "Wee conjoined, vp Christ, bee the moyan (sayis hee) of ane spirite ; not To v. n. To to accord. or bee ane ANE, agree, bee ane carnal band, grosse conjunction ; the halie Bruce's Swd hapnyde hym to ta the Kyng but anelie be the band of spirite." And dnyd for hys rawnsownyng Serm. on the Sacrament, 1590. Sign. I. 3. b. For to gyf that tyme hym tyle ANELIE, adj. Sole, only. Schyppys and- wyttayle til his wylle. Wyntown, iii. 3. 42. "Johne duke of Albany is anelie air to his fader." Acts Ja. V. V. II. 283. A.-S. Germ, ein-en, id. Sensu forensi est concordare, con- vmquhile 1516, unicus. venire ; sich vereinen, pacisci. Wachter. This seems to anelie, be merely an oblique sense of ein-en, statuere, synon. with Su.-G. en-a, firmiter sibi aliquid proponere. Isl. ANELYD, part. pa. Aspired ; literally, eining, unio; Su.-G. enig, Germ, einig, concors. I need panted for. observe, that all these refer to scarcely evidently Ane, Eftyr all this Maximiane en, one, as their the have tane origin. Agayne Empyre wald ; And for that cans in-tyl gret stryfe s. An unmarried woman. ANEABIL, He lede a lang tyme of hys lyfc "Bot gif he hes mony sonnes, called Mulierati Wyth Constantynys Sonnys thre, That anelyd to that (that is, gotten and procreat vpon ane concubine, or as Ryawte. Wyntown, v. 10. 480. V. Also viii. 38. 231. we commonlie say, vpon ane ANEABIL or singill has rendered this woman, whom he maries therafter, a his lawfull wtfe) Mr. Macpherson rightly "aspired ;" he may not for anie licht cause, without consent of his although without giving the etymon. Sibb. explains from A.-S. incitare. heire, giue to the said after-borne sonne, anie parte of anelyd, incited, excited; anael-an, as used is his heretage, albeit he be weill willing to doe the But the origin of the word, by Wyntown, endeavour sarnine." Reg. Maj. B. ii. c. 19. s. 3. Fr. anhel-er, "to aspire unto with great ;" is Lat. L. B. anel-o. A noble an old Fr. word, signifying, habUe, cap- Cotgr. anhel-o; able. The to have formed Scots, according Menage, ANE MAE. V. AT ANE MAE WI'T. from it the forsenic term inhabilis, to denote a man who is not married. C'est un vieux mot qui se trouve Over souvent dans les vieilles Chartes. Aptus, idoneus. ANENS, ANENST, ANENT, prep. Diet. Trev. This S. may be the origin of Amabil as sig- against, opposite to, ANE [46] ANE

Thare was unoccupyid, To ANERD, ANNERE. V. ANHERD. Lyand be-yhond an arnie of se Anens a cuntre. tUaine, gret s. Retainers, adherents. Wyntown, iv. 19. 12. ANERDANCE, ta and William Tharfor thair ost but mar abaid "The erle of Buchan on the part, for thaim thar Buskyt. and ewyn anent thaim raid. erle of Erole on the tother part, self, the Harbour, xix. 512. MS. partij & anerdance, assourit ilkain vther quhil of next tocum." Act. Dom. Cone. A. With that ane schip did spedely aproche, fyrst day May the 21. V. ANHEKDANDE. Ful plesandly sailing vpon deip ; 1478, p. And sine did slack hir saillis, and gan to creip Toward the land anent quhair that I lay. ANERLY, ANYRLY, adv. Only, alone, Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 256. singly. Anent, id. Lanoash. Gl. Some derive this from Gr. Strange wtrageouss curage he had, Skinner A.-S. nean, near. a1i, oppositum. prefers Quhen he sa stoutly, him attane, with Moes-G. The Gr. word, as well as ours, together For litill strenth off erd, has tane seem all and, Alem. andi, Su.-G. and, anda, contra, To fecht with twa hunder and ma ! to claim a common origin. But I suspect that anens Thar with he to the furd gan ga. is corr. from A.-S. ongean, ex adverse. V. FORE- And thai, apon the tothyr party, ANBNT. That saw him stand thar anyrly, in till the Ben Johnson uses anenst, in one passage, in the same Thruigand wattyr rad, For off him litill dout thai had sense. ; And raid till him, in full gret hy. There's D. and that's Rug, Drug, Harbour, vi. 132. MS. And, right anenst him, a dog snarling Er ; In edit. 1620 it is rendered the latter There's Drugger. The Alchemist. allanerlie, being more commonly used and better understood, when this edit, was ANENT, ANENTIS, prep. 1. Concerning, published. Ne wald I not also that I suld be about, in relation to. Caus or occasioun of sic dale, quod he, " fundat of Anent Hospitallis that are Almous deidis, To thy maist reuthfull moder, traist, and kynd, throw the kingis to be vphaldin to pure folk and seik, Quhilk anerlie of hir maist tendir mynd, al the vthir of our to be vesyit be the Chancellar, as thay haue bene in From matrouns rout, Has followit the hir louit child the kingis progenitouris tyme." Acts Ja. I. 1424, c. about, for saik refusit not the se. 30. edit. 1566. Ne thy " And na force of Acestes ciete. Ane.ntis Heretickis and Lollardis, that ilk Bishope gaif Doug. Virgil, 282. 47. sail gar inquyre to the Inquisitioun of Heresie, quhair ony sic beis fundin, and at thay be punisit as Law of From A.-S. anre, tantum, only. This may be a halie kirk requyris." Ibid. c. 31. derivative from an used in the sense of solvx, alone. "Anent the petitioun maid anent the debtis con- Hence Lye gives an and anre as equally signifying, tracted be the Frenche men of Weir in this cuntre, the tantum, vo. An, Anre is also nearly allied to the saids concorclit, that the King and Quern sail caus re- Alem. adj. einer, eineru, solus, sola. But I am much stoir all that quhilk happenis to be found gevin and inclined to think that, although somewhat altered, it granted to the Kingis Lieuetenent and his Captanes, is the same with Su.-G. enhvar, Isl. ein hvor, quisque; and utheris officiaris, for the nurischment, sustenta- especially as this is a very ancient word. Ulphilas tioun, and maintenance of the said Frenchemen, or uses ainhvaria in the sense of quilibet ; hence the that quhilk beis found aucht be the Lieutenent for ser- phrase, Ainhvarjaneh ize handuns analang jands ; vice be of his Majesty, that may appeir writ, or con- unicuique vel singulis illorum manus imponens ; laying fessioun of parties." Knox's Hist. p. 230. his hands on every one of them, Luk. iv. 40. It con- Perhaps this is merely an oblique sense of the term firms this hypothesis, that A.-S. anra gehwylc signifies which signifies opposite to. It might originate from unusquisque, every one, Mat. xxvi. 22. This, although the mode of stating accounts, by marking the sum due obviously the origin of allanerly, seems to have been over of rather is all or against the name the debtor ; or from entirely overlooked. It merely q. alone, the manner in which it was customary to answer peti- singly. tions, by marking the reply to each particular clause, the directly opposite to clause itself, on the margin. ANERLY, ANERLIE, adj. Single, solitary, only. Hence the term be transferred to whatsoever might "Yit for all that, thair wald nane of thame cum directly referred to any person or business. to Parliament, to further thair desyre with ane anerlie WicLf uses anentis in the sense of with, according to. " vote." Buchanan's Admon. to Trew Lordis, p. 19. Anentis men this is but anentis thing impossible ; It occurs in Pinkerton's Edit, of The Bruce. God alle thingis ben possible ;" Mat. xix. " And the Robert, that was Anens the malez and proffitis of the landis of La- quhen King Wyss ill his deid and anerly, theris within the barony of Kynelward, the lordis of Saw his men sa rycht douchtely consale decrettis," &c. Act. Dom. Cone. A. 1488, p. 93. The peth apon thair fayis ta ; This is softened from Anentis. his And saw fayis defend thaim sa ; Than gert he all the Irschery as 2, Opposed to, denoting a trial of vigour in That war in till his company, Off and the His bodily motion, Aberd. Arghile, alsua, Speid thaim in gret hy to the bra. Twa wee boaties passengers convey, . Harbour, xviii. 439. An' trail'd by horses at a slow jog trot, But it must be as in Scarce fit to hand anent an auld wife on her foot. read, MS., auerty. D. Anderson's Poems, p. 71. ANERY, a term occurring in a rhyme of chil- a in 3. In state of opposition to, reasoning, dren, used for deciding the right of beginning Aberd. a game, Loth. Could modern heads, wi' philosophic wit, Anery, twa'ery, tickery, seven, Wi' anent an auld wife sit ? Ibid. 73. ten or eleven argument p. Aliby, crackiby, ; ANE [47] ANG

Pin-pan, muskidan, To ANGER, v. n. To become angry, S. Tweedlnni, twodlum, twenty-one. When neebors at a Blackw. Mag. Aug. 1821, p. 36. anger plea, An' just as wild as wud can be, Teut. rule, order, series. Anery may rije signifies How easy can the barley-bree, be one or first in order ; twa-rije, second in q. een-rije, Cement the quarrel. Burns, iii. 116. order. Tweedlum, A.-S. twaeddelum, induobus partibus. To v. a. To to ANGER, vex, grieve ; although adv. Once. V. ANTS. ANES, ANIS, not implying the idea of heat of temper or S. ANES ERRAND. Entirely on purpose, with a wrath, "The Lord vs from his if thou sole design in regard to the object mentioned; keep angering spirit ; anger him he will anger thee. Therefore anger not the as to to to send ones a gae, come, errand, spirit of Jesus." Roilock on 1 Thes. p. 305. S. and "I and will soon be out of the very common phraseology, ; equiva- forgive you, Norman, way, no longer to anger you with the sight of me." lent to the obsolete expression, for the nanys Lights and Shadows, p. 54. or nonce. Isl. angr-a, dolore allicere. V. ANGIR. Thus the " Scottish seems to retain the My uncle Mr. Andro, &c. and I heiring that Mr. language original sense. George Buchanan was weak, and his historic under the ANGERSCM, adj. Provoking, vexatious, S. press, past ower to Edinr. annfs earend to visit him and sie the wark." J. Melville's Diary, Life of Mel- ANGELL HEDE, s. The hooked or barbed ville, I. 278. head of an arrow. an A.-S. anes aerend, lite- Perhaps originally phrase, A bow he bah- was byg and weyll beseyn, vel soli of one anes rally, unius, nuntii, message ; being And arrouss als, bath lang and scharpe with all, the genitive of an, unus, also solus. V. END'S EKBAND. No man was thar that Wallace bow mycht drall. Rycht stark he was, and into souir ger, ANETH, prep. Beneath, S. Bauldly [he] schott amang thai men of wer. Ane angell hede to the 1m k is he drew, As he came down by Merriemas, And at a schoyt the fonuast sone he sleu. And in by the benty line, Wallace, iv. 554. MS. There has he espied a deer lying, and Germ, a an ; Aneath a bush of ling. A.-S., Dan., angel, hook, angle Minstrelsy Harder, i. 77. Teut. anghel. Belg. angel, as denoting a sting, seems in Then sat she down aneth a birken shade, to be merely the same word, used a different and

: sense der the That spread aboon her, and hang o'er her head perhaps more original ; as, angel byen, Cowthy and warm, and gowaiiy the green, sting of bees. Kilian mentions Teut. anghel-en, as an of the been. Had it, instead night, day time old word signifying to sting. Hence the E. term to Rosa's 62. Helenore, p. angle, to fish. Wachter derives our theme from ank-eu A.-S. nfothan, Su.-G. ned, Isl. ntdan, Belg. ne- to fix, whence anker, an anchor. Isl. 20. den, id. The termination an properly denotes mo- avngull, hamus, uncus ; G. Andr. p.

tion from a place ; Ihre, vo. An, p. 87. ANGIR, s. Grief, vexation. adv. S. ANEUCH, Enough, Thare-wyth thai tyl the Kyng ar gane, Quhat eir scho thocht, scho wist it war in vane. And in-to cumpany wyth thame has time Bot thai war glad aneuch. The Frankis men in thare helpyng, And all foure be-for the Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 80. knelyd Kyng, And ese of It that the term 0. E. was tald, qwhat pes mycht rys, appears synon. anciently And how that with a sound. angrys mony wys pron. guttural lu-til all tyme mycht rys of were. Whan thei had so robbed, that tham thouht inouh, Wyntoton, ix. 9. 104. Thei went ageyn to schip, & saile vp drouh. Mr. derives this from Gr. This, R. Brunne, p. 59. Macpherson a/ygK- indeed, is mentioned by Suidas and Phavorinus, as This also appears from A.-S. genog, genoli, satis. Mr. signifying grief. But it is more immediately allied to Tooke views the A.-S. adv. as the part. pa. (Oenoged), Isl. G. Andr. Su.-G. and Isl. of A.-S. Divers. Purl. angr, dolor, moeror, Oenogan, multiplicare. p. 472, dolore angra, afficere, to vex ; which Ihre deduces from 473. Perhaps it is more natural to derive it from Su.-G. aang-a, premere, arctare. Moes-G. angvu, Moes-G. janoh, multi, many. Alem. engi, Germ, and Belg. eng, as well as C.-B. ing, all correspond to Lat. ang-uslus, and convey the idea ANEW, plur. of ANEUCH, s. Enow. of straitness and difficulty. To these may be added On kneis he faucht, felle Inglismen he slew, Gr. V. Ihre, v. Aanya. Till hym thar socht may fechtars than anew. /X>. Wallace, i. 324, MS. V. ENKCCH. ANGLE-BERRY, . A fleshy excrescence, ANEW, ANYAU, adv. and prep. Below, be- resembling a very large hautboy strawberry, neath, Aberd. From A.-S. on and neoth, as often found growing on the feet of sheep, E. away from on-waeg. V. ANETH. cattle, &c., S.

ANEWIS, s.pl. ANGUS-BORE, s. V. Auwis-BoRE. A chapellet with mony fresch anewis Sche had upon hir heue, and with this hong ANGUS DAYIS. A niantill on hir schuldries and large long. "Ane grene buist paintit on the lid, quhairin is se- King's Qttair, v. 9. vin buistis angue dayis of sindrie sortis ; twa twme Mr. Tytler renders this "budding flowers." But I out-with the same," Ac. Inventories, A. 1578, p. 240. have it met with no cognate term ; unless be a metapli. As the articles here mentioned are mostly toys, use of Fr. a a in called anneau, ring ; q. chaplet composed of dayis may denote -what are now Edinburgh various rings of flowers in full blossom. dies, i. e. toys. V. DIE. As to the meaning of the ANH [48] ANK

term conjoined with this, I can form no reasonable ANIS, ANTS, AINS, adv. 1. Once. idea. And thocht he nakit was and vode of gere, Na wound nor effere. To ANEKD, ENHEEDE, wappin mycht hym any* ANHERD, ANNERE, Doug. Virgil, 387, 20. v. n. To to adhere. " consent, Yee haue in Jvde 3, that faith is aim giuen to the In Argyle wes a Barown saints : ains giuen : that is, constantly giuen, neuer to That had a gret affectyown bee changed, nor vtterlye tane fra thame." Bruce's To this Stwart the Roberd yhyng ; Serm. on the Sacr. 1590. Sign. T. 4, a. And als wil wes til enherde hys Mr. Macpherson says, but without the least reason, To the Scottis mennys party. that this is a "contr. of ane syis." It is merely the Wyntown, viii. 29. 164. genitive of an one, A.-S. anes, also rendered semel ; Thare anerdis to our nobill to note, quhen nedis, hym q. actio unius temporis. Pron. as ainze, or yince, S. Tuelf crounit in feir, Kingis eenze, S.-B. With all thair strang poweir, ANYS also occurs as the gen. of ANE. And meny wight weryer Worthy in wedis. Bere your myndis equale, as al anys, Oawan mid Qol. iL 8. As commoun freyndis to the Italmnis. 15. Anherd hereto ilk man richt fauorably, Doug. Virgil, 457, i.e. as all of one. And hald your pece but outhir noyis or cry. Doug. Virgil, 129, 43. It is also commonly used as a gen. in the sense of, to one anis one's Juno annerdit, and gaif consent thareto. belonging ; hand, hand, S. lUd. 443, 19. "He got yearly payment of about 600 merks for " an lesson when he anes Scho gat finalie ane sentence aganis King Dauid teaching unprofitable pleased, in the week or anes in the he to annere to hir as his lawchful lady and wyffe." month, as liked best." Bellend. Cron. B. xv. c. 16. Spalding's Troub. i. 199. This has been traced to O.Fr. aherd-re id. But Thoresby mentions eance, once, as an E. provincial term Lett. 326. without the insertion of a letter, it may be viewed as ; Kay's p. a from A. -S. derived, by slight transposition, anhraed, 2. I have met with one instance of the use of anraed, constans, concors, unanimis ; which seema to this word in a sense be composed of an, one, and raed, counsel, q. of one that cannot easily be mind. It can scarcely be imagined that Su.-G. en- defined. as haerde, obstinacy, enhaerdig, obstinate, are allied ; "Anes, Lord, mak an end of truble ; Lord, I co- being formed from haerd, durus. mend my spreit, saull and bodie, and all into thy han- dis." Trans, 425. s. A re- Bannatyne's p. ANHERDANDE, ANHERDEN, I see in the various senses an adherent. nothing exactly analogous tainer, given of E. Once. It would seem to convey the idea of the future viewed at "That James of Lawthress sone and apperande indefinitely ; q. some time or other. air to Alex', of Lawthress of that ilk salbe harmless & s. scathless of thaime, thair freindis, partij and anher- ANIS, ANNIS, pi. Asses. dandis, and all that thai may lett, in his personis and So mony anis and mulis gudis bot as law will efter the forme of the act of Par- Within this land was nevir hard nor sene. liament." Act. Audit. A. 1478, p. 71. Bannatyne Poems, p. 42. "That Johne M'Gille sail be harmeles of the said The word, however, is here used metaph. as in most Williame and his anherdens bot as law will." Act. other languages. It also occurs in the literal sense. Dom. Cone. A. 1480, p. 54. The rnuill frequentis the annis, And hir awin kynd abusis. V. v. ANYD, pret. Agreed. ANE, Scott, Chron. S. P. iii. 147.

Su.-G. ama, Isl. esne, Fr. asne, Gr. oc-os, Lat. asin- s. A little Kinross. a diminutive one, ; ANIE, m, id. from S. one if not ane, ; immediately from adv. Selkirks. A.-S. aenig ullus, quisquam. ANKERLY, Unwillingly, Teut. engher, exactio, from engh-en, angustare, coarc- adv. or tare. ANIEST, prep. On this side of, V. ADIST. Ayrs. ANKER-SAIDELL, HANKERSAIDLE, s. A an anchorite. ANYNG, s. Agreement, concord. hermit, Throw I th6 of the Antiochus kyng power charge paip, Thow neyther nor Wyth the Romania made anyng. girne, gowl, glowme gaip, Lyke anker-saidell, lyke unsell aip, Wyntovm, iv. 18. Tit Like owle nor alrische elfe. st. 124. Pink. S. iii. 46. ANIMOSITIE, s. Firmness of mind. Philotiis, P. Repr. " ye hermits and hankersaidlis, Thair tounes, besydis St. Johnstoun, ar vnwallit, That takis your penance at your tables, which is to be to thair animositie and hardi- ascryved And eitis noct meit restorative, ness, fixing all their succouris and help in the valiencie The blest abune we sail beseik of their bodies." Pitscottie's Cron. Introd. xxiv. You to delyvir out of your noy. Fr. animoxUA, "firmnesse, courage, mettell, boldnesse, Dunbar, Chron. S. P. t 235. L. B. resolution, hardinesse," Cotgr.; animosit-as, This seems to be merely a corrupt use of A.-S. animi ; aninii vehementia generosum propositum ; Du ancer-setle, which properly signifies an anchorite's Cange. cell or a de- seat, hermitage ; Somn. Germ, einsidler notes a hermit, from ein and sidler, a settler ; 8. alone, ANTING, sedem suam in " qui solitudine fixit, Wachter. Not Vthale Landis, Roich, Anying, samyn," &c. only does A.-S. ancer signify a hermit, and O.E. anker, Acts Ja. VI. 1612, p. 481. V. ROICH. (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 6348), but Alem. eiitcliaraner, ANK [49] ANN

C. B. anier, Corn. aiar, and Ir. amjkaire ; all from rived from Lat. annona. But he has not adverted to Lat. anachoreta, Or. avaxwpriTip, from avaxiapciv, to the form, annom, which is in the dative or ablative recede. plural. Isl. ann-a rusticum facere In this sense anthre is used by Palsgr. "It is a signifies, metere, opus ; harde relygyon to be an anchre, for they be shytte up OHM, cura rustica, arationes, satioues, foeuicaesio, mes- b. eis Verel. Ind. within wafies, and can go no farther." F. 400, He ; renders it Fr. ancre. by " a. The same with Ann. Settle is a Yorks. term. A is a wain- ANNET, langseltle long " scot bench to sit on." Clav. Dial. "A bench like a And the proffittis of thair benefices, with the fructes settee. North." Grose. It resembles the (ifin of the specialie on the grand, with the annet thareftir to per- North of S. Grose afterwards describes the Lang- tene to thame, and thair executouris, alsweill abbottis, with back sadle or settle, as being "a long form, a and prioris, as all vther kirkmen." Acts Ja. VI. 1571, arms ; usually placed in the chimney-corner of a farm- Ed. 1814, p. 63. house." This description is nearly the same with that v. a. To given of our rustic settee. V. DEIS. To ANNECT, annex; part. pa. annext, Lat. annect-o. ANKERSTOCK, s. A large loaf, of a long "Our said souerane lord hes vneit, annext, creat, form. The name is extended to a wheaten and incorporate, & be thir presentis creatis, vneittis, loaf, but properly belongs to one made of annecti* & incorporatis all and sindrie the foirsaidia erledome," &c. Acts Ja. VI. 1581, Ed. 1814, 256. rye, S. It has been supposed to be so called, p. " an anchorite's or for some q. stock, supply ANNEILL, s. Most probably the old name of more " from length time;" or, probably, for indigo. some fancied resemblance to the stock of an " Anneill of Barbarie for litsters, the pound weight anchor." Gl. Sibb. thereof xviij s." Rates, A. 1611, p. 1. Called erro- A. " neously anceil. Rates, 1670. s. kind of knife or Anil is one of the cultivated Anil ANLAS, A dagger Indigofera plants ; the or rather the name of the usually worn at the girdle;" Tyrwnitt. being specific, trivial, plant. This is the proper sense of the word, and *. The district now de- that in which it is used by Chaucer. ANNERDAILL, At sessions ther was he lord and sire. nominated Annandale. Ful often time he was of the shire. " knight Thair was manie complaintes maid of him to the An anelace, aud a all of silk, gipciere governour and magistrates, and in special! vpoun the Heng at his girdel, white as inorwe milk. men of Annerdaill," Pitscottie's Cron. p. 2. Canterbury T. I'rol. 359. The name was still more anciently called Anandir- But we find it elsewhere used in a different sense. dale. V. Macpherson's Geog. Illustr. His horse in fyue saudel was trapped to the hele. And, in his cheveron bilbnie, ANNEXIS AND CONNEXIS, a legal phrase, Stode as an uuirorne, in old deeds, as denoting every Als sharp as a thorne, occurring An atdas of stele. thing in any way connected with possession Sir Qawan and Sir Got. ii 4. of the right or property referred to. Here the term signifies a dagger or sharp spike fixed " The landis, lordschip, and baronie of Annendale, in the forepart of the defensive armour of a horse's with the toure and fortalices tharof, aduocationis and head. Bullet renders it petit couteau, deriving it from donationis of kirkis, thare anneals and connexis, and an diminutive, and Arm. lac, lacquein, to strike. This all thare pertinentis," &c. Acts Ja. V. 1540, Ed. 1814, word is found in Franc, anelaz, analeze, adlumbare, p. 361. vel adlaterale telum ; which has been derived from lez, The phrase, in the Lat. of the law, seems to have latus, ad latus, juxta. C. B. anglas signifies a dagger. been, annexis et connexis. Anelace, according to Watts, is the same weapon which Ir. is called skein. The word is frequently used by s. An with appendage ; synon. defines it ANNEXUM, Matt. Paris. He ; Genus cultelli, quod Anelacius dicitur S. Pendicle. vulgariter ; p. 274. Lorica erat " to to indutus, gestaus Anelacittm ad lumbare ; p. 277. He clamis the samyn [landis] pertene him be the forfaultour of Johne Ramsay, as a pendicle and s. Enamel. V. AMAILLE. ANMAILLE, annexum of the lordschip of Bothuile." Act. Dom. Cone. A. 1492, p. 271. s. A half-year's due to ANN, salary legally Lat. annex-us, appended, conjoined ; Fr. annexe, an the heirs of a minister, in addition to what annexation, or thing annexed. was due to the of expressly according period ANNIVERSARY, s. A distribution an- his incumbency, S. nually made to the clergy of any religious "If the incumbent survive then shall Whitsunday, foundation, in times of Popery. belong to them for their incumbency, the half of that have all and daill-silver year's stipend or benefice, and for the Ann the other "We given anniversarys half." Acts Cha. II. 1672, c. 13. whatsoever, which formerly pertained to any chap- lain &c. Chart. Aberd. V. DAILL- Fr. annate, id. L. B. annata denoted the salary of a rics, prebendaries," SILVER. year, or half-year, after the death of the incumbent, L. B. distributio ex anniversarii fun- appropriated in some churches, for necessary repairs, anniversarium, in datione clericis facienda Du others, for other purposes. V. Du Gauge. ; Cange. It is singular that Anna or anno should occur in s. The or Moes-(i. for stipend. "Be content with your wages," ANNUALL, ANNUELL, quit-rent Luke iii. 14. Junius says that the term is evidently de- feu-duty that is payable to a superior every G ANO [50] ANT

rived from Su.-G. Moes-G. year, for possession or for the privilege of annan, andre, antJuu; Alem. ander, Isl. annar, also signifying alius, other. building on a certain piece of ground; a s. a of forensic term, S. ANSENYE, A sign ; also, company soldiers. "The chaplaine, &c. will contribute and pay the V. ENSEINYIE. part of the expensis for the rait of thair annuall, and s. the maill of the houa, as it that ANSTERCOIP, payis presentlie, thay " sail hauc thair haill unrated efter the bigging of the Foir Copland, settertoun, anstercoip." Acts Ja. nous." Acts Mary 1555, Ed. 1814, p. 489, 490. VI. A. 1612. V. ROICH. Here the annuall is different from "the evidently To maill of the hous," i.e. the rent paid for possession of ANSWIR (ANSUR) OF, v. n. To pay, the house as from that due for itself, distinguished on a claim being made, or in correspondence the on which it stands. This is also denomi- ground with one's nated the demands. "Lettres were direct to answir the new of GROUND ANNUALL. bischope St. Androis o/all the fructesof the said bischoprick." "Item, the ground annuall appeiris ay to be payit, Bannatyne's Trans, p. 304. ever the quha big ground." Ibid. p. 490. "Thai ordane him to be ansurit of his pensioun." Aberd. Reg. s. The who receives " ANNUELLAR, superior To be payit & ansurit thairfor yeirlie," &e. Ibid. the annuall or duty for ground let out for A. 1541. Borrowed from the use of L. B. building. respondere, praes- tare, solvere. ' ' The annuall to and ground appeiris ay pay, &c. , failyeing thairof that the annuellar may recognosce ANTEPEND, ANTIPEND, s. A veil or screen the Ibid. ground." for covering the front of an altar in some Lat. annual-is, Fr. annuel, yearly. V. TOP ANNUELL. Popish churches, which is hung up on festi- ANONDER, ANONER, prep. Under, S. B., val days. Fife. Anunder, S. A. "Item, ane antepend of blak velvot, broderrit with ane of our Pietie the Auld sleeket Lawrie fetcht a wyllie round, image Lady upoun samyne. ane frontall of the wark. ane bak And claught a lamb anoner Nory's care. Item, samyn Item, of ane altar of the with the Ross's Hdenore, p. 14. samyne crucyfix broderrit an' he an' thairupoun." .Coll. Inventories, A. 1542, p. 58. He prayed read, he sat them to bed ; Then the bible anunder his arm took he "Item, the vaill with the towes, a vaill for the ; round and An' round an' round the mill-house he gaed, loft, for our Lady. Item, courtains 2 red To try if this terrible sight he could see. and green, for the high altare. Item, the covering of Hogg's Mountain Bard, p. 19. the sacrament house with ane antipend for the Lady's Teut. onder id. This term, however, seems retained altar, of blew and yellow broig satin. Item, ane anti- for the sacrament with a dornick to from A.-S. in-undor, intra. In-undor edoras ; Intra pend house, towle the same." of A. 1559. tecta ; Caedm. It seems to Inventory Vestments, Hay's " ap. Lye. literally signify in under the roofs." Scotia Sacra, p. 189. L. B. antipend-ium, id. V. PIETIE. To ANOENE, v. a. To adorn. To ANTER, v. n. 1. To adventure, S. B. Wythin this place, in al plesour and thryft But then Are hale the pissance quhilkis in hist battell in How anter'd ye a fieldward sae your lane ? Slane defence of thare kynd cuntre fel : Moss's Helenore, 31. And thay quhilk by thare craftis or science fyne, p. Fand by thare subtel knawlege and ingyne, 2. To chance. Thare lyfe illumynyt and anornit clere. But tho' it should anter the weather to Doug. Virgil, 188, 24. bide, With beetles we're set to the o't. corr. drubbing Perhaps from L. B. inorn-are, ornare ; used by And then frae. fingers to gnidge an the hide, Tertullian. pur With the wearisome wark of the rubbing o't. 0. E. id. "I I anourne, beautyse or make more Song, Ross's Helenore, p. 135. pleasaunt to the eye. When a woman is anourned "We cou'd na get a chiel to shaw us the gate al- with it setteth her ryche appurayle, put beauty double we had kreisn'd his lief wi' a shillin bat puist ; by guid as moche as it is." Palsgr. B. iii. f. 149, b. He ren- luck we anter'd browlies upo' the rod." Journal from ders it by Fr. Je aorne. London, p. 6.

s. 3. It in ANSARS, pi. occurs the form of a part., as signify- "David Deans believed this, and many such ghostly ing occasional, single, rare. Ane antrin ane, encounters and victories, on the faith of the or Ausars, one of a kind met with singly and occasion- auxiliaries of the banished Heart Midi, prophets." or ii. 54. ally, seldom, S. O. Fr. arbitre Cou'd feckless anseor, juge, ; Roquefort. creature, Man, be wise, The summer o' his life to prize, In winter he fend fu' ANSE, ANZE, ENSE, conj. Else, otherwise. might bauld, His eild unkend to nippin cauld. Aug. Yet thir, alas ! are antrin folk, It can scarcely be supposed that this is a oorr. of That lade their scape wi' winter stock. E. else, I recollect no instance of I being changed, in Fergusson's Poeis, ii. 31. common into n. It is more allied use, probably to It is certainly the same with AUNTEB, q.v. Su.-G. id. As E. annars, else, A.-S. e/lis, Su.-G. It seems to admit of doubt, whether this term, as aeljes, Dan. ellers, are all from the old Goth, other used el, ; by the vulgar, be not rather allied to Isl. Su.-G. Su,-G. Germ, and annars, Belg. anders, else, are de- andra, vagari, whence Dan. vandre, Ital. andare, id. ANT [51] APE

Hence apanagium, appanage, the portion given to a ANTERCAST, . A misfortune, a mischance, younger child. Fr. pain or Lat. pan-is is evidently S. B. from anter, adven- Probably aunter, the original word. For, as Du Cange justly observes, throw a throw at ran- is to make such for the ture, and cast, a ; q. apanare merely provision junior dom. members of a family, that they may have the means of procuring bread. in her face looks the auld hag forfairn, Up as it bairn In Edit. 1620, it is in paine. But this, opposes And says, Ye will hard-fortun'd be, my ; the is at war with common sense. Frae fouks a fieldward, nae frae fouk at hame, MS., Will come the (Intercast ye'll hae to blame. adv. 1. : Ross's Helenore, p. 61. APAYN, Reluctantly, unwillingly sometimes distinctly, a payn. ANTETEWME, s "Antetune, antiphone, Lord Hailes. And thoucht sum he off sic bounK, response ;" Quhen thai the lord and his menye auld Protestandis takis the freiris antetewme, Seys fley, yeit sail thai Hey apayn ; bot to rander nocht Reddie ressavaris, ; For all men fleis the deid rycht fayne, So lairdis upliftis mennis leifing ouir thy rewme, Barbovr, ix. 89. MS. crave 01 ht. And ar rycht crabit quhen thay thame because all i.e. "They will fly, however reluctantly, Bannatyne Poems, 199. st. p. 19. men eagerly desire life." The play upon the verbjtey an to the ANTICAIL, s. An antique, anything that gives obscurity passage. of is a remainder antiquity. 2. Hardly, scarcely. several! "They do find sometimes precious stones, The haill consaill thus demyt thaim amang ; if be curious to en- to thaim it to some cutt, some uncutt ; and you The toun sege thocht was lang, it 1* no quire, you will find people that make a trade to sell And nocht apayn to wyn slycht. " viii. 910. MS. such things amongst other anticails. Sir A. Balfour's Wallace, Letters, p. 179. Although the language is warped, it most probably anti- it "When they are digging into old ruins, for signifies, ''that they could hardly win by any cails, (as they are continually doing in severall places), stratagem." they leave on when they come to the Terra t irgine." Fr. a peine, "scarcely, hardly, not without much Ibid. p. 129. ado ;" Cotgr. Ital. anticaglia, "all manner of antiquities, or old 3. It seems used for in case. monuments ;" Altieri. improperly To gyff hattaill the lordis couth nocht consent, ANTYCESSOR, ANTECESSQWR, ANTE- Less Wallace war off Scotland crownyt King. Thar consaill fand it war a thing : . peralous CESTBE, Ancestor, predecessor. as thai war For thocht thai wan, thai wan hot ; Our Antecessmvris, that we suld of reide, And gyff thai tynt, thai lossyt Ingland for euirmar, Aud hald in mynde thar nobille worthi deid, A payn war put in to the Scottis nand. We lat ourslide, throw werray sleuthfulnes, Wallace, viii. 629. MS. And caatis ws euir till uthir besynes. In case it were put, &c., in some copies. A payn, how- Wallace, i. 1. MS. " ever, may signify as soon OK. This is. another sense of Euerie man is oblist to deffend the here- gudis, Fr. a peine; Presq'. aussi tot, ttbi, statim ahjtie. Diet. tagis and possessions that his antecestres and forbearis Trev. as said in his hes left to them ; for Tucidides hes sycoud 4. Under at the risk of. beuk, quod he, it is mair dishonour til ane person to pain, tyne the thyng that his antecestres and forbearis hes With a bauld spreit gud Wallace blent about, is for that deit on tre. conqueist be gnte laubours, nor it dishonour quhen he A preyst he askyt, God than his failyes in the conquessing of ane thing that he intendit King Eduuard connnandvt clergy, And I off loss of tyl haue conquesit fra his mortal euemye." Compl. S. said, charge, apayn lywe, Nane be sa bauld tyrand for to : p. 291. yon scnrywe He has rong lang in contrar my hienace. Lat. antecessor, one that goes before ; formed as pre- Wallace, xi. 1313. MS. decessor, and corresponding in signification. Hence E. In it is on Fr. a is also used ancestor, through the medium of Fr. ancestre. editions, payn. peine in this sense. V. also Wall. vi. 658, and viii. 1261. ANTICK, s. A foolish, ridiculous frolic, S. APARASTEVR, adj. Applicable, congruous In E. it denotes the who acts as a person to. buffoon. ' ' I will nevir forgett the gude sporte that Mr. A. brother taultf me of ane nobill man of ANUNDER, prep. Under. V. ANONDER. your lordschip's I'iidoa, it cummis sa oft to my memorie : and indeid it is to this we have in hand." APAYN, part. pa. Provided, furnished. aparastevr purpose Lett. Logan of Restalrig, Acts Ja. VI. 1609, p. 421. For tin, till that thair capitane Aparastur, Cromerty's Ace', p. 103. War coweryt off his nickill ill, Thai thoucht to wend sum strenthis till Allied perhaps to O. Fr. apparoixtre, to appear; For folk for owtyn capitane, apareissant, apparent. Bot thai the bettir be apayn, Sail nocht be all sa gud in deid, APARTE, s. One part. As thai a Lord had thaim to leid. " That the said convent of Culross wes compellit ix. 64. MS. Harbour, & coakkit to mak the said assedatione be force * This word is left Mr. Pinkerton as not under- by dred, & that aparte of the said convent wes takin & stood. But the sense above well " given agrees very presonit, quhill thai grantit to the said assedatione. with the and the word have been connexion, may Act. Audit. A. 1494, p. 202. formed from Fr. which appan-e, id., primarily signi- Often written as one word, like twaparte, two thirds. fies, received a or child's having portion part ; appan- <>; to a son his L. B. v. give younger portion ; apan-arc. To APEN, a. To open, S. APE [52] API

To ken a' thing that apens and sleeks, to be acquainted And mony a knycht, and mony a lady, with Mak in ewill cher. everything, S. apert rycht wad think he wit o' ilka it xix. MS. "A body get's thing apens Barbour, 217, an' steeks. Saint Patrick, i. 76. Fr. apert, apperl, open, evident, in which sense Chaucer uses the term 11 it is ; apert, evident ; aperte, To APERDONE, v. a. To pardon. V. openly. Appar-oir, to appear, is evidently the imme- APPARDONE. diate origin of the adj., from Lat. appar-eo. " APERTLY, adv. Briskly, readily. A PER SE, an extraordinary or incompar- Bot this gude Erie, nocht forthi, able like the letter The person ; A by itself, sege tuk full apertly : And the folk that thar in was which has the first place in the alphabet of pressyt Swa, that nocht ane the yet durst pass. almost all languages." Rudd. Barbour, x. 315, MS. V. APERT, adj. Maist reuerend Virgil, of Latine poetis prince, of and flude APERT, APPERT, adj. avowed, mani- Gem ingyne, of eloquence ; Open, Lanterne, lade sterne, myrrour and A per se, fest. Maister of maisteris, swete sours and springand well, "In mare appert takin of traiste and hartliuess in Wide quhare ouer all ringis thyne heuinly bell. time scho has, be the of the saids Doug. Viryil, 3, 11. cummyng, avyse thre estates, committit to the said Sir Alexander's uses the same mode of Henrysone expression. keping our said soveryne Lord the King, hir derrast unto the time of fair Creseide, the flour and A per se son, his age." Agreement between the Of Troie & Grece, how were thou fortunate, Q. Dowager and the Livingstons, A. 1439. Pinker- To chaunge in filth al thy feminite, ton's Hist. Scot. i. 514. And be with lust so maculate ? fleshly The word here seems allied to Lat. appert-us, open. Testament v. 78. It of Creseide, corresponds to the Fr. impers. v. II appert, it is ap- Junius has observed that this metaphor nearly ap- parent, it is manifest. proaches to that used by the Divine to Being, express A adv. his absolute perfection, when he says, "I am Alpha PERTHE, APERTE, Openly, avowedly. and i. 8. But there is no in Omega, "Rev. propriety "The said William Boyde band, & oblist, &. swore, the remark. For the force of the one metaphor lies in that in tyme tocum he sail nocht entermet with the the use of A by itself; of the other, in its being con- landis nor gudis pertening to the said abbot & con- nected with Omega, as denoting Him, who is not only uent nor sail nocht vex nor truble thaim nor thair the First, but the Last. He observes, with more jus- seruandis in tyme to cum be him self nor nane vtheris that this tice, mode of expression was not unusual that he may let in preve nor in a perthe, but fraude or the Romans. For calls among Martial Codrus, Alpha gile, in the pesable broukin & joysing of thair said i.e. the of Lib. ii. 57. landis." penutatorum, prince paupers ; ep. Act. Dom. Cone. A. 1479, p. 46. In another place the phraseology is "bathe in APERSMAR, APIRSMAKT, adj. Crabbed, priua & aperte. Ibid. A. 1488, p. 121. ill-humoured This ought evidently to be one word. But in the ; snell, calschie, S. synon. MSS. whence these acts are printed, words are often Get for schame be na cowart in vp, (scho said) ; divided a similar manner, as our lord for ouerlord, a heid in wed thow hes ane hart. My wyifes bove for abate, above, Act. Dom. Cone. p. 70, &c. The That for a sicht was sa mismaid ! plesand phrase in preve nor in aperthe, "in Than all in certainly signifies anger vpon my feit I start. or " private openly ; Fr. prive privily, apert open. And for hir wordis war sa apirsmart, more resembles Lat. Unto the nimphe I maid a busteous braid. Aperthe, indeed, immediately aperte, Police of Honour, iii. 73. p. 63. edit. 1579. openly. Apersmar Juno, that with rarest gret APIEST, APIECE, conj. Although. V. ALL- Now cummeris erd, are, and se, quod he, Sail turne hir mind bettir wise, and with me PUIST. Foster the Romanis lordes of all erdlye gere. APILL s. Doug. Virgil, 21, 36. RENYEIS, pi. A string or neck- Rudd. conjectures that it may be from Lat. asper ; lace of beads. as others from Fr. aspre. But it seems rather from Sa mony ane Kittie, drest up with goldin chenyes, A.-S. afar, afre, rendered both Somner and by Lye, Sa few witty, that weil can fabillis fenyie, or rather Isl. id. bitter, sharp ; apur, (asper, acris, as With apttl renyeis ay shawand hir goldin chene, acre G. and A.-S. Of Sathanis sure sic an unsaul apurkylde, frigus, Andr.) smeorte, seinye ; meuyle Su.-G. smarta, Dan. and Belg. smerte, pain, metaph. Within this land was nevir hard nor sene. applied to the mind. Apersmart seems to be the pre- Dunbar, Hannatyne Poems, p. 45. ferable a rein or bridle of orthography. Q. beads, formed like apples. ' ' Lord Hailes observes, that as the Fr. phrase, pomme free. APEKT, adj. Brisk, bold, d'ambre, means an amber bead in shape and colour like an whence E. it is And with thair suerdis, at the last, apple, pomander, reasonable to sup- Thai either ruschyt amang thaim hardely. pose that, by analogy, or by imitation, apil, For thai off full had Lome, manlely, apple, the same sense with us." Note, p. 257, 258. Gret and defens ma. apert gan Perhaps it is a confirmation of this idea, that, in our x. MS. Harbour, 73, version of the Book of Proverbs, we read of "apples of It occurs in R. Brunne, p. 74. gold." Wachter and Ihre have observed that the with the William alle apert his ost redy he dyght. golden globe, impressed figure of the cross, and presented to the emperors on the of their corona- Fr. appert, expert, ready, prompt, active, nimble, day tion, is called Germ, reichsapfel, Su.-G. lite- Cotgr. The origin of this word, I is Lat. riksaple, suspect, "the of the or apparat-m, rally, apple empire kingdom." This prepared, appar-o. the writers Byzantine called /x^Xoi/ ; and he who bore it before the emperor was designed or the APERT. In apert, adv. /jfrj\oopos, Evidently, openly. apple-bearer. V. APPLERINGIE. APL [53] APP

It is a and folie APLACE, adv. Conveying the idea that one sin, eke a gret To apeiren any man, or him defame. of his is present, as opposed to that being Chaiuxr, Cant. T. 3149. absent; as, "He's better awa nor aplace," Fr. empir-er id. V. PARE, . i.e. it is better that he should be absent APPARALE, ATPARAILL, . than softened APPARYLE, present, Clydes. probably Equipage, furniture for war, preparations from t r. en in place, any particular place. for a siege, whether for attack or defence ; APLIGHT. ammunition. Crounes thai gun crake, Jlione Crab, a Flemyng, als had he, That wes of sa sutelte Mani, ich wene, aplight, gret Till and mak Saunfayl ; ordane, apparaitt, to till assaill Bituene the none, and the night, For defend, and Castell of or Last the batayle. wer, than cite, Sir Tristrem, p. 49. That nane sleyar mycht fundyn be. Sarbour, xvii. 241, MS. "At once, literally, one ply," Gl. Hearne, (Gl. R. als of mekill Glouc.), renders it "right, compleat ;" 1 tit son, com- Baronys inycht, With him to that assege had he, plete, perfect. The latter observes, that the etymology And his the cannot be ascertained. gert schippis, by se, Bring schot and other apparaUl, Whon the of Tars sauh that siht kyng And gret warnysone of wictaill. he WocMe was for wraththe apliht, Ibid. 293, MS. In bond he hent a spere. Fr. appareil, provision, furniture, is also used to de- Kyng of Tars, Ritson's E. JRom. i. 164. note for war. Tout cet appareil etoit So laste the turnement preparations apliht, centre les Arabes. Alilanc; Diet. Trev. Fro the morwe to the niht. Ibid, 178. p. To APPARDONE, APERDONE, v. a. To A.-S. pliht, periculum, pliht-an, periculo objicere se as to ; perhaps originally applied to the danger to forgive, pardon. which in or in persons exposed themselves battle, "Ye man appardone me gif I say that ye ar rather single combat. blindit than thay." Nicol Burne, F. 111. b. "My shepe heare my voice, &c. And therefore if APON, APOUN, prep. Upon. that any multitude vnder the title of the kirk, will ob- trude, vnto vs, any doctrine necessar to be beleued to And gyff that ye will nocht do sua, our saluation, and not for the same the ex- Na swylk a state apon yow ta, bringeth worde of Jesus or his &c. men All hale my land sail youris be, pres Christ, apostles, And lat me ta the state on me. must aperdone me, althogh I acknowledge it not to be Barbaur, i. 426. MS. the kirk of God." Knox, Reasoning with Crosraguell, Constantyin a-pon this wys C. i. b. Tyl Borne come, as I yhow dewys, v. a. And thare in-to the Lpyr felle, To APPELL, To challenge. And helyd wes, as yhe herd me telle. "There were Southland men that appellfd v. 10. 375. many Wyntavm, to other in barrace, to fight before the king the dead , Ane Ersche mantill it war thy kynd to wer, for certain crimes of lese majesty." Pitscottie, p. 234. A Scotts thewttil thi belt to wndy* her, Edit. 1768. Rouch rowlyngia apon thi harlot fete. The word, as here used, obviously includes the sense Wallace, i. 219. MS. in of L. B. accusare ; appellum, jus vocatio, King Eolus set heich apoun his chare. appell-are, accusatio. Fr. appel-er, to accuse, to impeach. Doug. Virgil, 14. 51. Su.-G. anc. is used in the same A, af sense. Upp-a To APPELL, v. n. To cease to rain, Ayrs. frequently occurs in that language, which nearly cor- This seems to differ in the sound to responds to the vulgar pron. of the prep, in this coun- merely given the vowels from try. As, however, A.-S. vfa signifies above, and UPPIL, q.v. it is Moes-G. ufar, higher ; very probable, as Mr. Tooke APPEN the free air ; an supposes, (Divers. Purl. p. 451,) that we are to trace FURTH, q. open this an noun prep, to old signifying high ; especially as exposure, Clydes. tjfar has the form of the comparative. "The lassie and I bure her to the appen furth, an' had hardly won to the lone, whan down cam the wea- s. APORT, APOKTE, Deportment, carriage. rifou milkhouse." Edin. Mag. Dec. 1818, p. 503. Be wertuous aporte, fair having Resemyl he couth a mychty King. APPERANDE, APPEAKAND, adj. Appar- ix. 26. Wyntown, 75. ent. Aperand, Aberd. Reg. A. 1521. This is merely Fr. apport used metaph. from apport- to from Lat. ad and as s. for heir. fr, carry ; porto. APPERANDE, used a apparent "Mr. Thomas Hammiltoun apperande of Preistis- To v. a. To to APPAIR, injure, impair. field," &c. Acts Ja. VI. 1592, Ed. 1814, p. 564. "Bot in Setounis hous were sa mony commodious "There was killed of chief men the laird of Glen- elder of Ac. opportuniteis for liir purpois, that how sa euer hir gud caildel, ; M'Dougall, appearand Kara," name wer thairby appairit, scho must nedis ga thither Spalding, ii. 271. Detectioun S. Edit. agane." Q. Mary, 1572. Sign. APPERANLIE, adv. B. V. a. Appeyred, Eng. Edit. 1571. Apparently. "And ar to sould For our state it apeires, without any reson, quhan ye glad know, quhat ye be to & tille alle our heires grete disheriteson. impung, apperanlie that sould na newingis you." D. ii. a. . Brunne, p. 290. Ressouiug betuix Crosraguell and J. Knox, APP [54] APP

So in all his and APPILCARIE, 8 . gentill [hir ?] gestis, appliable, That all that saw hir saw thay luvit hir as thair lyfe. This is a word communicated to as used in old me, Colkettrie Sow, v. 562. songs of the South of S., although the meaning is lost. " APPONIT. I bocht my love an apilcarie." " " He heclit his winsome Mary He, for himselfe and the remanent of the pre- A tree-trow and aue apilcarie." lates, being present, as ane of the three estatis of the said parliament, dissassentit therto simpliciter : bot s. APPILLIS, pi. apponit thaim therto, unto the tyme that ane provin- Jerusalem as in cial Counsel be had of all appillis lay heip ; might the clergy of this But Lord and nae mair realm." Keith's thou, gude ; ryse vp, sleepe. Hist. p. 37. Ps. Ixxmi. Poems 16th 108. Century, p. This is an error, for opponit, opposed, as in Acts of Rendered "apples" in Gl. But as it seems singu- Parl. V. ii. 415, Edin. 1814. lar that such a metaphor should be introduced with- out the from the as these To v. n. To to conduce slightest ground text, strange APPORT, bring, ; Ballats are I that the writer uses this ; suspect word, Fr. apport-er, id. to avoid it from Fr. "to repetition, borrowing" appiler, "Of this wee easilie, heape, or pile, together ; Cotgr. opposition, may gather quhat the resurrection and glorification apports to the bodie. bee thame we that the bodie To APPIN, v. a. To open, S. O. Gl. Surv. Shortly, see, is onely spoiled of corruption, shame, infirmitie, Ayrs. naturalitie, and mortalitie." Brace's Serm. on the Sacr. 1590. Sign. M. 3. a. APPIN, adj. Open, S. " Ther is ane eirb callit the the helytropium, quhilk APPOSIT, part. pa. Disposed, willing ; callis it hes the as vulgaris soucye ; leyuis appin lange Aberd. Reg. A. 1560, V. 24. Lat. as the soune is in our hemispere, and it closis the apposit- fit. leyuis quhen the soune passis vndir our orizon." us, apt, S. Compl. p. 88. To Dan. aaben, id. The other Northern languages pre- APPREUE, APPRIEVE, v. a. To approve. serve the o. On this word refers to Isl. Lye opna, op, So that Acest my souerane that appreue foramen. Ihre derives it from Su.-G. upp, often used Be not efferd, Dares, na thing the greue. in the sense of as opening ; we say, to break up. In Doug.oug. Virgil, 141. 33. like manner, Wachter derives Germ, offen, id. from Fr. approttv-er. auf, up ; adding, that A.-S. yppe signifies apertus. To APPRISE, v. a. To approve; used as s. S. Ar- APPLERINGIE, Southernwood, signifying a preference. temisia abrotonum, Linn. "This last opinioun was apprisit." Bellend. Cron. Fr. apitt, strong, and auronne, southernwood, from B. vi. c. 19. Lat. abrotonum, id. I know not if this has any con- Hanc sententiam veluti altera potiorem, contracts nexion with Apill renyeis, a. v. multitude sequuta. Boeth. "The window- looked into a small garden, rank O. Fr. apret-ier, apris-ier, evaluer, estimer, Roque- with fort appleringy, and other fragrant herbs." Sir A. ; Lat. appret-iare. i. 44. Wylie," Would like some of or APPRISIT, part. pa. .Valued, "you slips appleringy, tansy, prized. or Petticoat i. 240. thyme? Tales, "Amang all his memoriall workis ane thing was maist appriait, that he was sett na les to defend pece, To v. a. To to than APPLETS, satisfy, content, to defend his realme." Bellenden's T. Liv rj 37. to please. Of manswete Diane fast thareby APPRISING, s. value. The altare eith for Esteem, tyl applets vpstaudis, "The war Oft ful of sacryfyce and fat offerandis. Romans, gretely. inflammit, that na werkis war done be thame to have Doug. Virgil, 236, 22. wourthy apprising." Ibid. p. 294. Gif thou wald cum to hevynis bliss, Thyself applets with sobir rent. in Bannatyne Poems, p. 186. APPROCHEAND, part. pa. Proximate, Than thankit thai the Queyn for her trawaill, the vicinity. Off hyr ansuer the King applessit was. " Now wes the pepill and power of Rome sa Wallace, viii. 1490, MS. strang, that it wes equale, in glore of armes, to ony town One would suppose that there had been an old Fr. approcheand." Bellend. T. Livius, 17. verb, of the form of p. Cuilibet/- Applaire, whence this had been nitimarum Lat. derived. civitatum, To APPROPRE, APPEOPIR, v. a. To appro- APPLY, s. Plight, condition. priate. Unto the town then they both yeed, Where that the had left his "To that Andro Lokart of the Bar knight steed ; preif appro- They found him in a good apply, pris and occupiis thre akir of land, with the mare to Both and hay, corn, and bread him by. his vse," &c. Act. Audit. A. 1489, p. 146. Appropir, Sir Egeir, p. 43. Aberd. Reg. A. 1538. This seem Fr. id. might allied to Dan. pley-er, to use, to be appropr-ier, accustomed or ; to tend, to take care of; Sn.-G. plea- s. en, Belg. plegh-en, id. But it is rather from Fr. V. APPUY, Support. PLY. "What appuy, or of whom shall she have, " being forsaken of her own and old friends ? Lett. Pliant in Lething- APPLIABLE, adj. temper. ton, Keith's Hist. p. 233. APU [56] AHA

FT. id. "a buttresse, rest, or to and do service use and wont." MS. " stay, prop, thing riage, Register dated 1538. Statist. lean on ; Cotgr. Office, Ace. xiii. 535, N. "Arage and carriage," is a phrase still commonly To APUNCT, APPUNCT, v. n. To settle. used in leases. This word has been "It is apunctit & accordit betwix William Coluile obscured by a variety of deriva- tions. " & Robert Charteris, that the said William and Ro- Skene traces it to L. B. averia, quhilk signi- bert sail conveyne & met one the monie efter Sanct- fies ane beast." According to Spelm. the Northum- andross day nixt to cum," &c. Act. Dom. Cond. A. brians call a horse "aver, or afer," vo. Affra. S. v. Ihre derives averia 1488, p. 93. Appunctit, Acts Ja. III. 1485, Ed. 1814, aver, eaoer, q. from 0. Fr. now work as the word p. 170. ovre, oeuvre, ; properly sig- L. B. appunctuare, notione nonnihil diversa pro Pa- nifies a beast for labour. He observes that avoir, in Fr. denoted cisci, convenire, Pactum articulis seu punctis distinc- anciently possessions, wealth, vo. tum faoere. Hafwor. Elsewhere, (vo. ffof, aula,) he says that, in Scania, hofwera denotes the work done by peasants to s. A convention or the lord of the which also til APPUNCTUAMENT, agree- village ; they call go. hofwa. ment with specification of certain terras. The authors of Diet. Trev., a different and the contract and taking plan "Ratifijs appreuis appunctua- from Ihre, derive the old Fr. word ment maide betmx Archibalde Thesaurer avoir, opes, divitiae, Douglas from averia. Ce mot en ce sens est venu de avera, on and James Achisoune goldsmyth maister cunyeour, averia, mot de la basse latinite", qu'on a dit de toutes the & of and tuiching stryking prenting money, gold, sortes de biens, et sur-tout de meubles, des chevaux, siluer, in all punctis & articlis eftir the form and ten- et de bestiaux qui servent au add, enour of the said contract." Acts Ja. V. Ed. labourage. They 1526, that the Spaniards use averias in the same sense. 1814, p. 310. " Skene, although not the best etymologist in the johnne Ballentyne seeretare to the Erie of Anguss world, seems to adopt the most natural plan of deriva- gaif in certane offiris in writing, quhilkis conceruit tion here. The term has been derived^ indeed, from grace and appunctuament." Ib. p. 324. the v. Ar, are, to till. "Arage," it has been said, "is L. B. appunctuament-um, pactum vel conventum a servitude of men and horses for tillage, on articulis sive distinctum Du imposed punctis capitulis ; Cange. tenants by landholders." It has been reckoned im- that this word should owe its to L. B. To APPURCHASE, v. a. To obtain, to probable," origin averia, as it is often opposed to carage, a servitude procure. in carts and horses for carrying in the landholder's "The said James Hamilton being advertised by his corn at harvest home, and conveying home his hay, eame, Bishop James Kennedy, of the king's good mind coals, &c." Gl. Compl. S. It is certain, however, and favour towards him, which he appurchased by his that in L. B. aragium never occurs, but averagiitm fre- and it can moyen, shewing to him," &c. Pitscottie, Ed. 1728, p. quently; be easily supposed, that average 53. might be changed into arage or arrage ; but the re- verse would by no means be a natural transition. adv. V. AR, ARE, Formerly ; also, early. Besides the oldest orthography of the term is auaraye. AIR. "It is statute and ordanit, that all landis, rentis, custumis, burrow maillis, fermes, martis, inuttoun, To v. to and vther AR, ARE, ERE, a,. To ear, plough, pultrie, auaraye, cariage, dewteis, that war in the handis of his to till. Progenitouris and Father, quhome God the of his deceis assolyie, day ; notwithstanding Ouer al the boundis of A usonia quhatsumeur or be maid His nue flokkis to assignatioun gift thairvpone pasturit and fra ; under the greit seill, preuie seill, or vthers, be al- Fine bowis of ky unto his liame reparit. luterlie cassit and annullit : swa that the haill And with ane hundreth plewis the land he arit. pro- fitis and rentis thairof cum to our souerane Lord." Doug. Virgil, 226. 34. may Ja. IV. A. 1489. c. 24. Edit. 1566. The folk Auruncane and of Rutuly It may be added, that the for This ground sawis full vnthriftely, money paid being freed from the burden of With scharp plewis and steill sokkis sere arage was called averpenny in the E. laws. Thay hard hillis hirstis for till ere. "Averpenny, hoc est, quietum esse (to be de diversis . Ibid. 373. 16. quit) denariis, pro averagio Do-

mini [Rastall] ; id est, a vecturis a Moes-G. ar-ian, Su.-G. aer-ia, Isl. er-ia, A.-S. er- Rgis regiis, quae tenentibus praestantur. Tributum, ian, Alem. err-en, Germ, er-en, Lat. ar-are, Or. Regi quod prae- statur pro immunitate seu vecturae. Du ap-eii-, id. Ihre views Heb. aretz, as the foun- carroperae, p-jN, Cange, vo. Averpeny. tain ; which, he is in Gr. too. and says, preserved Nor is there evidence that is Celt. ar. S. any "arage op- posed to carage." They are generally conjoined in S. but a common in lan- ARAGE, ARRAGE, rather, by pleonasm our ARYAGE, AUARAGE, guage, as terms, if not synonymous, at least of simi- AVERAGE, s. Servitude due by tenants, in lar meaning. Carriage may have been added, to shew men and horses, to their landlords. This that the sen-ice required was extended to the use of cars, carts, and other of this custom is not abolished in some waggons, implements entirely kind, as well as of horses and cattle. For Skene seems of S. parts rightly to understand arage, as denoting service, "be horse, or carriage of horse." But when it is recollected "Ariii/e, vtherwaies Average, signifies service, that, in former times, as in some of S. the qnhilk the tennent aucht to his master, be horse, or parts still, greatest of was on the backs of horses ; it carriage of horse." Skeue, Verb. Sign, in vo. part cariage will that it was afterwards found "Ther is nay thing on the lauberaris of the grond to appear probable, burtht to add this as a to the and land bot arrage, carage, taxationis, violent necessary term, denoting right use of all such vehicles as were for this spulye, and al vthyr sortis of aduersite, quhilk is on- employed pur- pose, especially when these became more common. mercifully exsecut daly." Compl. S. p. 192. The cum et is "That he should pay a rent of 201. usual mony of phrase, auaragiis caragiie, quoted by the realm 4 Skene, as in an Indenture executed at Perth, ; dozen poultrie, with all art/aye and car- occurring ARA [56] ARC

Earl of A. 1371, betwixt Robert Stewart, Menteith, 2. To raise up. and Isabell Countess of Fife, resigning the Earldom of Before thame al maist gracius Eneas Fife into the hands, in favour of the said Earl. King's His handis two, as tho the custume was, Du is rendered, vectura cum By Cange, Cariagium Towart the heuin gan vplyft and arrace ; domino debet nostris carro, quam quis praestare ; And syne the chyld Ascaneus did enbrace. this is not restricted to chariage. As, however, word Doug. Virgil, 456. 20. means of &c. it seems at times carriage by cars, wains, This sense is so different from the former, that one in our old laws to have denoted the work of men em- would think it were put for arraise, q. to raise up. ployed as porters. Hence one of the "articles to be secret and be the inquyred by inquisition, punished ARBY, s. The Sea-gilliflower, Orkn. law," is, "of allowance made & given to the Baillies "The or Thrift, (statice armeria), of the burgh (in their comptes) and not payed to the Sea-gilliflower, well known in the name of covers pure, for cariaye and doing of other labours." Chal- Orkney by Arby, the shores. its thick tuberous sliced merlan Air. c. 39. s. 42. Formerly roots, and boiled with milk, were in as This corresponds to the account given in our Sta- highly prized Orkney a in consumption." Neill's tistics. "On other estates, it is the duty of servants remedy pulmonary Tour, 59. V. also Wallace's Orkn. 67. to carry out and spread the dung for manuring the p. 58, p. proprietor's land in the seed time, which frequently s. root of the interferes with his own work of the same kind. It is ARBY-ROOT, The sea-pink, also the duty of the tenants to fetch from the neigh- or Statice armeria, Orkney. bouring sea-ports all the coal wanted for the proprie- tor's use. The tenants are also bound to go a certain ARBROATH PIPPIN, the name of an number of errands, sometimes with their carts and S. V. OSLIN PIPPIN. a certain apple, horses, sometimes a-foot ; number of long errands, and a certain number of short ones, are re- ARCH, AKGH, AIBGH, ERGH, (gutt.) adj. quired to be performed. A long errand is what re- 1. reluctant often the " Averse, ; including quires more than one day. This is called Carriage. idea of as the cause of reluctance, V. Dunnichen, Forfar, i. 433. timidity Averagium is explained by Spelm. with such latitude S. as to include all that is the S. signified by phrase arage The pepil hale grantis that thay wate and cartage. Opus, scilicet, quod averiis, equis, bobus, Quhat fortoun schawis, and in quhate estate aut ratione matteris standis but are arch to plaustris, currilius, Regi perficitur praedii Our ; thay schaw, aut allter, alterive domino. Quhisperand amangis thame, thay stand sic aw. Ihre supposes, with considerable probability, that Bot caus him gif thame liberty to speik, the a horse Do way his boist, that than- breith out breik, hqfer, among Germans, formerly signified ; may I mene of be as St. Stephen's day, called Hafer-weike, was otherwise Mm, quhais vnhappy werde, And fraward thewis, now dede on the erde denominated in the same sense der Pferdstag, grosse Sa chief chiftanis and dukis mony lyis ; or the great horse-day. He also thinks, that oats, Forsoith I sail say furth all myne auise. anciently in Sw. called haeatakorn, i.e. horse-corn, was Doug. Virgil, 374. 24. for the same reason designed hafre-korn, and compen- diously hafre ; vo. Hafra. 2. Apprehensive, filled with anxiety, S. I shall only add, that, it seems to me most although Ochon ! it is a fearfu' nicht ! that arage is derived from averia, a beast for probable, Sic saw I ne'er before ; it is at all of this work, not unlikely that the origin is And fearfu' will it be to me, O. Fr. as ovre, work ; especially Spelm. informs us, I'm erch, or a' be o'er. that according to the customs of Domesday, avera was Jamiesoris Popul. Sail. i. 233. the work of one which the tenants to day, king's gave Chaucer uses erke for weary, indolent. the viscount. The term avera, as denoting work, And of that dede be not erke, be transferred to a beast might very naturally used But ofte sithes haunt that werke. for as still in labour, we say S., a wark-beast. V. Rom. R. v. 4856. AVER. In the cognate languages, this word is used to ex- both inaction fear the press and ; former, most pro- ARAYNE, part. pa. Arrayed. bably, as proceeding, or supposed to proceed, from the Eftir thame samin went mydlit arayne latter, and among warh'ke nations accounted a strong The vthir and t'olkis Italiane. Troyanis indication of it. Sometimes, however, the word varies 21. Doug. Virg. 470, its form a little, as used in these different senses. 0. Fr. id. A. -S. arrayi, earg, desidiosus, iuers, slothful, sluggish ; earh, (AZlfric. Gram.) fugax, timorous, and ready to run To ARRACE, v. a. 1. To snatch, or ARAS, away for fear ; Somn. It is also used in the same force. sense with Isl. reformidans pluck away by earg. arg-ur, ; argr, G. Andr. 16. Alysawndyr than the Eamsay piger, deses, p. arg, Carm., Lodbrog, st. 22. Su. -G. Gert down lete arg, ; oarg, lay hym for-owtyn ; ignavus intrepidus. Lap- timid Aud on his lielme his fute he sete, pon. arge, ; arget, fearfully ; argo, timeo ; Leem. And wyth gret strynth owt can aras Vossius refers this word to Gr. apy-os for oepi;-os, from The trownsown, that thare stekand was. o priv. and epyov opus. Wyntoum, viii. 35. 127. It is well known, that as among the ancient Goths That notabill spous furth of hir lugeing place the highest praise was that of warlike glory, in- The mene sessoun all armour did arrace ; activity in military exercises was a great reproach. swerd fra hede My traisty vnder my away One of this description was called argur, or in L. B. Stall and in the brocht scho, place Menelay. arga. According to an ancient ordinance, Thraell Doug. Virgil, 182. 23. i thegar hefnir, enn argur alldre ; a thrall or slave It is sometimes used for and at was to be by Doug, emovere, avenged only late, but an argur never ; for other times diripere, in the original. Gretla. c. 13. ap. Ihre. It came to be used, in heat Fr. to to violence to arrach-er, tear, pull by ; pull of temper, as a term of reproach, apparently of the the up by roots, from Lat. eradic-o. same meaning with poltroon or coward in modern ARC [57] ARE

the term be the master or language. Si quis alium Arrjam per furorem clama- debted, may q. heeresgelach, Lib. 1. Tit. 5. Du landlord's club or shot. vent, &c. Leg. Longobard. ; Cange. in in which the most exalted virtue And those ages, . 1. was bravery, this must have been a most ignominious ARCHPREISTRIE, ARCHIPRESTRIE, He who submitted to the imputation, or designation. A dignity in collegiate churches during the who was even to was viewed m the same subjected it, of with one in our who has been de- time popeiy. light times, legally " clared infamous. Hence we find one commander say- Grahtit with consent of vmquhill George erle of ing to another; Memento, Dux Fredulfe, quod me Dumbar, vndoubtit patrone of the said archpreutrie inertem et inutilem dixeris, et vulgari verbo, anjn, and colledge kirk of Dumbar," &c. Acts C'ha. I. Ed. vocaveris. Paul. Diacon. Lib. 6. c. 24. It has also 1814, V. 613. been explained by Boherius, Spelman, &c. as signifying, Here the archpriest was under the dean, and supe- in these laws, a cuckold who tamely bore his disgrace. rior to eight prebendaries. L. B. archipresbyteri deinde V. EROH, . dicti, qui hooie Decani ruralee, archidiaconis subject! ; Du Cange. To ARCH, ARGH, v. n. To hesitate, to be re- 2. Used as synon. with vicarage. luctant, S. V. ERGH, . "The denrie of Dunbar, including the personage

and of the of ; the ar- ARCHNES, ARCHNESS, s. I. Reluctance, vicarage parochin Quhittengem or of Dunbar, all the kirk- backwardness. chipreetrie vicarage including landis and teyndis vseit ft wont of all and haill the pa- " rochin of Acts Ja. VI. Ed. If, says he, our brethren, after what we have writ Dunbar." 1606, 1814, p. to them and you, lay not to heart the reformation of 293. of a their kirk, we are exonered, and must regret their Dunbar was a collegiate church, consisting dean, archnesx (backwardness) to improve such an oppor- an archpriest, and eighteen canons. It was founded by Earl of A. 1342. In tunity." Wodrow's Hist. i. xxxii. Patrick, March, Bagimont's Roll, 13. it was rated in this ratio ; Decanatus de Dunbar, reluc- 2. Obliquely, used for niggardliness, q. 6. Archiepresbyterus, 8. &c. V. Chalmers's Caled. ii. tance to part with anything. 511. This arch-priest, it appears, was next in rank to the For archness, to had in a grote, dean, and superior to all the canons. He had no will to fie a bote. Fr. archf-prestre, ahead-priest. L. B. archiprexbyler. Legend Bp. St. Androis, p. 333. In a more early period, the arch-priests, in a cathedral acted as vicars to the were after- *. The abbreviation of Archi- church, bishop. They ARCHIE, wards the same with rural deans. V. Du Cange. bald, S. s. An heir. "Archie Home," Acts 1585, iii. 391. ARE, " The said Gawin denyit that he wes are to his said s. Archdeacon: Lat.arc7- grantschir," &c. Act. Dom. Cone. A. 1494, p. 368. ARCHIEDENE, V. Am. diacon-us. " v. a. to ex- His hienes, &c. confermis the lettres of dimissioun, To AREIK, ARREIK, To reach, resignatioun, and ouergiving maid be vmquhill George tend. archiedene principall of Sauctandrois," 4c. Acts Ja. Thay elriche brethir, with thair lukis thrawin. VL 1587, Ed. 1814, p. 506. knawin Thocht nocht awalit, thare standing haue we ; An horribil sorte, wyth mony camschol beik, ARCHILAGH, ARCHILOGH, ARCIIILOWE, And hedis semand to the heuin arreik. 91. 19. V. MAW, v. (ch hard), s. The return, which one, who Doug. Virgil, has been treated in an inn or some- A.-S. areec-an, assequi, to get, to attain, to reach, to tavern, take Somn. V. REIK. times reckons himself bound in honour to ; adv. Back. make to the company. When he calls for AREIR, Bot wist our wyfis that ye war heir, his bottle, he is said to them his archi- give Thay wold mak all this town on sk-ir. lagk, Loth. South of S. Thairfoir we reid yow rin areir " In dreid ye be miscaryit. I propose that this good little gentleman, that Lindsay, S. P. R. ii. 211. seems sair fourfoughen, as I may say, in this tuilyie, Fr. backward Lat. a retro. To rin shall send for a tass o' brandy, and I'll pay for another, arriere, ; areir, to with by way of arc/iilotve, and then we'll birl our bawbees a' decline, synon. miscarry. round about, like brethren." Rob Roy, iii. 25. Rendered in Gl. It has been conjectured, that this (like many other AREIRD, adj. "destruction, proverbial or provincial designations) has originated confusion." from some goodfellow of the name of Archibald Loch, Thocht heuin and eird suld ga areird, who would never leave his while he had rea- company Thy word sail stand fast and perfyte. son to reckon himself a debtor to or without them, Poems of the Sixteenth Century, p. 54. giving them something in return. But the term does It is evidently the same with Areir, q. v. To ga not imply the idea of a full equivalent. is to backward, to to dis- I am to a friend for areir, merely go metaph. go indebted, however, literary sug- order. gesting, that it is fromBelg. her again, and gelag,Teut. club a return of entertain- ghelaeyh, shot, share, ; q. To AREIST, ARREIST, v. a. To stop, to ment, a second club as the former. V. LAW- 7 repaying Fr. arest-er id. ] IN, LAUGH. stay ; Doug. lrg. Or, as it has been a common custom, from time im- de- AREIST, s. But areist, forthwith, without memorial, for the host to give a gratuitous bottle or to a to whom he reckons himself much in- glass party lay. H ARE [58] AKG

but These barbaric terms seem sometimes to include the Said Jupiter ; and Mercury, areist, Dressit to obey his grete faderis behest. idea of conviction, and subjection to punishment, or to Doug. Virg. 108. 7. make the amende honorable. Perhaps the word is used in this sense by Barbour. Du Cange views arretare as ARE MORROW, early in the morning. V. the origin of Fr. arreter, to arrest. AIR, adv. Su.-G. raet, jus, not only denotes compensation, but

; hence, afraetta, to rear a term frequently, capital punishment To AREND, v. n. To ; applied to also to behead, and raetta, judge, punish capitally ; his fore- to a horsa, when he throws back Germ, rickten, to punish, to take vengeance. Ihre re- Fife. marks the resemblance between the sense of the Su.-G. part, and stands on his hinder legs, terms, and Fr.justicier, L. B. justiciare. V. JUSTIFY. The crune of the bluiter, Wi' the glare of wisp's licht, Pat Rob in a flutter, ARGENT CONTENT. Ready Money. in a An' the horse fricht. "King Wyllyam sal pay ane hundredth thousand He arendit, he stendit, half to poundis striueling for his redemption, the tane He flaug an' he fam'd, &c. MS. Poem. be payit with argent content. And for sickir payment Fr. vo. Arrere ; or 0. arriens, backward; Roquef. of this othir half, he sal geif Cumber, Huntingtoun arann-er, rompre lea reins, from renes, ibid. and Northumbirland vnder ane reuersioun, ay and quhil the residew of his ransoun war payit to the kyng of s. Contraction for annual rent. ARENT, Ingland." Bellend. Chron. b. xiii. e. 5. Partem unam "Everieman should pay the tent pairt of his yearlie praesentem, Boeth. Fr. aryent comptant, id. rent, alsweill to burgh as landward. Ordanit that the v. moneyes, or drent, or lyfrent shall beare ane equall and To ARGH. V. ERGH, proportionall burding with the saidis rentis, trade, and housemaillis." Acts Cha. I. Ed. 1814, V. 311. ARGIE, s. Assertion in a dispute, side of a which one takes. He is said to s. An heir heirs. question ARER, ; areris, his ain whatever be said "The lords decretis all & hale the saidis landis keep argie, who, of Mekle Arnage to be broikit & joisit be the said Henrj to the contrary, still repeats what he has & his areris alss frely as he did before the making of S. Bor. with asserted, ; synon. the saidis evidentis." Act. Audit. A. 1488, 126. formerly p. one's "That the lard of Vchiltre & his areris suld wer- keeping ain threap. rand him the tak of the saidis landis for all the dais of This word might at first view seem to be corr. his lif eftir the forme of his lettrez of tak maid thar- is , formed from the E. v. argue. But Su.-G. ierga apone." Ibid. p. 127. used in the same sense, semper eadem obgannire, ut corr. from L. B. id. Apparently haereditar-ius, solent auiculse iratse ; Ihre. Isl. icirg-r, keen conten- tion. ARESOUND, pret. An harpour made a lay, To ARGLE-BARG LE, v. n. To contend, to That Tristrem aresound he ; backwards and S. The harpour gede oway, bandy forwards, Aurgle- "Who better can lat se." bargin, Loth.; Argie-bargie, Fife. Sir Tristrem, p. 34, st. 51. But 'tis a daffin to debate, from "Criticized," Gl. Perhaps rather, derided; And aurgle-bargin with our fate. Lat. arrideo, isum, to laugh at, or arrisio. Jlamsay's Poems, i. 335. Areson is used by R. Brunne in the sense of per- This may be referred to the same fountain as the last or reason with. suade, word. Besides the terms mentioned, we may add Isl. Yit our for were at to In Gl. messengers Gascoyn Rome, arg, enraged ; jarga, contend. Ramsay, Foure lordes fulle to here the fers, pape's dome, however, eaggle-bargin is given as synon. If this be Ther foure at Rome war to areson the pape, well authorised, the term may properly signify to The right forto declare, & for the parties so schape, haggle in a bargain. To whom the right suld be of Gascoyn euer & ay. told me she wadua the meal till Chron. 314. "She want Monday, p. ' and I'll stand to it." Dinna gang to argle-bargle wi' ARETTYT, part. pa. Accused, brought into me," said the miller in a rage." Petticoat Tales, i. 212. judgment. " Weel, weel," said the laird, "dinna let us argol- And off gud Schyr Dawy Brechyn about it as bargol ; entail your own property ye will, Wes off this deid arettyt syne. " mine shall be on the second son. The Entail, i. 53. Harbour, xix. 20. MS. It may be added, that Gael, iorghail, iorgu.il, denotes i.e. his treason against Robert. Edit. 1620, King strife, a tumult, a quarrel. arrested. But by this change, as in a great variety of instances even in this early edit., the meaning is lost. con- ARGOL-BARGOLOUS, adj. Quarrelsome, The term is from L. B. rect-are, ret-are, rett-are, tentious about arett-are, explained by Du Cange, accusare, in jus trifles, Ayrs. vocare more reum ad rectum faciendum was an ; also, strictly, "No doubt his argol-bargolous disposition de crimine of submonere. Arretati aliquo ; Fortescue, de inheritance accumulated with his other conquest Leg. Angl. c. 36. It is not quite unknown in our law. wealth from the mannerless Yankies." The Provost, ' ' Gif is to doe richt for ane ane Surges challenged p. 194. trespasse, and detained be his challengers within offers for him : is burgh, and ane pledge gif he taken To ARGONE, ARGOWNE, ARGWE, ARGEW, in time of his sail him to the day, challengers convoy v, a. 1. To to contend by argu- house quhere he sayes his pledge is." Burrow Lawes, argue, ment. c. 80. 8. 1. In the Lat. copy it is, Si quis fuerit irre- titus de &c. In the Al. said I confes aliquo malefacto, margin, Than the Merle, Myne errour ; i. vocatur in ut to do richt. rectatus, jus, rectum faciat, This frustir luve all is bot vanite ; ARG [59] ARL

Blind me Kaif sic ignorance hardinea, ARGUMENT, s. A piece of English, To aryone so agaue the varite'. dictated to at to be turned into Sannaiyne Poems, p. 92. boys school, Latin the of ; subject a version, Aberd. 2. To censure, to reprehend, to chide with. To ARGUMENT, v. a. To prove, to shew. Than knew thai weille that it was he in playne, " Treuth it the kirk testifeis to the Be horss and weide, that aryownd thaim befor. is, congregation & is autentik is Wallace, iv. 83. MS. certifies, quhilk scripture, quhilk nocht : quliilk argvmentin nocht that the scripture Ane thaim, as thai throuch the argwnde [went] toun, takis authoritie of the kirk." Kennedy, Crosraguell, The starkast man that than Hesylryg knew, p. 109. And als he had off lychly wordis yuew. Wallace, vi. 126. Ma ARIT, pret. Tilled, eared. V. AR, ARE, r. Arrfwe is used in the same sense by and Wyntown ARK. . A chest for Douglas. MEAL-ARK, large holding meal for a family on a farm, S. As in oure matere we precede, Sura man may fall this buk to rede, "A* the meal-girnels i' the country wadna stand it, Sail call the autour to rekles, let abee the wee bit meal-ark o' Chapelhope." Brow- Or argwe perchans hys cunnandnes. nie of Bodsbeck, i. 12. Cronykil. v. 12. 280. s. A for hold- . ARK, large chest, especially Not you, nor yit the Kyng Latyne but leis, That wont was for to in corn or meal reyng plesand pece, ing ; S. Lancash. I wyl argew of thys maner and offence. Ane ark, ane almry, and laidills two. Forsoith I wate the wilful violence Bannatyne Poems, 159. st. 4. Of Turnus al that werk brocht about. grete Behind the ark that hads your meal Doug. 468. 54. Virgil, Ye '11 find twa standing corkit well. Fr. argu-er, Lat. argu-o. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 527. The word is also used in old deeds, for that kind of box used in ARGOSEEN, s. The lamprey, according to lakes, ponds, &c. for catching eels. This is called an old the een or eel-ark. people, Ayrs.; q. having eyes A.-S. arce, a a chest ; Alem. area : of erce, coffer, Argus. Su.-G. ark; Lat. area. In John, xii. 6. where we read, "He had the bag," the word arka is used by *. The lieutenant of a Ulphilas, as denoting a chest or casket for containing ARGUESYN, galley ; he has money. Gael, arc, id. who the government and keeping of the slaves committed to him. ARK of a mill, s. The place in which the " centre wheel runs, S. Sone efter thair arryvell at Nances [Nantz,] thair grit Salve was and a Ladie was sung, glorious painted *. bone called brocht in to be ARK-BEEN, The the OK kissit, and amongestr utheris was pre- S. B. sented to one of the Scottis men then chainyeid. He pubis, gentillie said, Truble me not ; sache an idolle is accur- To v. a. 1. To an earnest of tit ; and thairfoir I will not tuiche it. The Patrone, and ARLE, give the Arguesyn, with two Officiers, having the cheif any kind, S. chairge of all suche matters, said, Thaw sail handle it. And so violentlie 2. To a of for they thruist it to his faice, and pat it give piece money confirming a betwix his who the hands, seing extremitie, tuke the bargain, S. idolle, and advysitlie luiking about, he caist it in the and Lat our Ladie rever, said, now save hirself; sche 3. To put a piece of money into the hand of a is lycht aneuche, lat liir Itirne to Efter that was ticymt. at a as no Scottis man with seller, entering upon bargain, a urgit that idolatrie." Knox, p. i. that he 83. MS. id. Arguiser, MS. ii. and London edit. security shall not sell to another, I have this given passage fully, not only as enter- while he retains this money, S. taining, but as shewing the integrity and undaunted "The schireffe suld escheit all ar spirit of our Scottish Reformers, even in the depth of gudes, quhilkis forestalled, coft, or arled be and in-bring adversity, when in the state of galley-slaves. Knox fprestallers, the twa part thereof to the vse, and the thriu does not mention the name of this person. But the Kingis to himselfe." Skene. Verb. R. 1. a. story has strong traits of resemblance to himself. part Sign. Fr. As arled is distinguished from coft, the argousin, id. Satelles remigibus regendis ac meaning would seem to be, that the be escheated, custodiendis pra.>positus. Diet. Trev. goods may Allied although not actually purchased by a forestaller, if to this is A. Bor. "argosies, ships;" Grose. the vender be in terms with or so that This seems to be a very ancient word. There has him, engaged been an he must give him the refusal of the commodity. probably 0. Fr. term, signifying a ship, near- L. B. arrhare, arrhis Du ly of the same form with that still used in the North sponsam dare; Cange. of Subarrare was used in the same sense. Si de- E. For L. B. argis occurs in the same sense. It is quis uxorern, vel subarraverit. Julian Pon- used by Gregor. Turon. Argis hand modica mercibus ponsaverit tif. Deer. Salmas. Not. in Jul. 254. Fr. referta per Ligerim vehebatur. It had occurred to me Capitol. that arrher, arrer, to give an earnest. Diet. Trev. Arre., the name had originated from the cele- probably "bespoken, or for which earnest has been brated Argo, the shjp of the A rjonauts, in which Jason given," sailed Cotgr. V. the . to get possession of the golden fleece. And I find that this very idea is thrown out by Du The word Cange. ARLES, ERLIS, ARLIS, ARLIS-PENNIE, may have been introduced into France by the s. 1. An of what- inhabitants of Marseilles, who, it is well known, AIRLE-PENNY, earnest, were a Greek ever kind a of full colony. ; pledge possession. ARL [60] ARL

This was bot erlys for to tell noted an earnest or pledge in general. It was very Of that fell. infortwne, eftyr often used to signify the earnest, which a man gave viii. 27. 21. Wyntown, to the woman whom he espoused, for the confirma- Of his gudnes the eternal Lord alsone tion of the contract between them. This, as we Restoris the merite with in erlis of grace glore. learn from Pliny, was a ring of iron. For the an- 357. 20. Dmg. Virgil, cient Romans were long prohibited to wear rings of other metal. Hist. L. 33. c. 2. In the middle "The heart gets a taist of the swetnea that is in any the term seems to have been used Christ, of the joy whilk is in the life euerlasting, ages, principally in this sense. V. Du v. Arra. quhilk taist is the only arlia-penny of that full anil Cange, The term was with to contracts of perfite joy, quhilk saull and bodie in that life shall employed respect kind. When a was an earnest enjoy. And the arlis-pennie (as yee knaw) mann be a any bargain made, part of the sowme, and of the nature of the rest of the (arrha, or arrhabo) was given. But this, it has been to but to the sowme." Bruce's Serm. on the Sacrament, 1590. Sign. said, was not confirm, prove obligation. S. 2. a. b. V. Adams' Rom. Antiq. p. 236. The custom of for a Here tak' this gowd, and never want giving arlex, confirming bargain, to drink has prevailed pretty generally among the Gothic na- Enough gar you and rant ; And this is but an arle-penny tions. It is still preserved in Sweden. That money To what I afterward design ye. is called frids schilling, which, after the purchase of Ramsay's Poems, ii. 561. houses, is given to the Magistrates, as an earnest of secure possession ; Christopher, ap. Ihre, vo. Frid. The word arles is still used, in this sense, in general The term/rid seems here to vulgar conversation. S. signify privilege, security. " Loccenius says, that whatever one has bought, if the Thy hart may be blyth for thinges, because wordly be confirmed an earnest it cannot thou art an earthlie bodie. A in a bargain by (arra), king may rejoyce be dissolved ; Suec. Leg. Civ. p. 60. Other Swedish kingdome, &c. but if be not taine out of God's they writers a different of this as give account matter. It is handes, arlespennies of heauenly and spirituall be- said, in one of their laws, "If the vender has nefites, the spirite of Christ shall not in thee." changed rejoice his mind, let him restore the double of that which he Rollock on 1 Thes. 301. p. 300, has and the saies in received, repay earnest ;" Jus Bircens, c. 6. "Paul another place, that the spirit is given In our own country, a servant who has been hired, and thee as an arlespenny of thy saluation. Thou loses has received is to have a to break the if arles, supposed right arlespennie thou make him sad." Ibid. p. 317. the engagement, if the earnest be returned within -four 2. A of for twenty hours. This, however, may have no other piece money given confirming sanction than that of custom. a S. This is bargain, evidently a more Aulus Gellius has been understood as if he had restricted use of the term that viewed arrhabo "as a Samnite word." But his ; although language cannot by any means bear this construction. in which it generally occurs, in its simple Cum tantus, inquit, arrabo penes Samnites Populi in our old state, writings. Romani esset : Arrabonem dixit DC obsides, et id that maluit vis vocabuli "And thay diligentlie inquyre, gif ony maner quam pirjnus dieere, quoniam hujus of in ea sententia est. Sed nunc arrabo persoun gefis arlis or money on ony maner of fische, gravior acriorque in sordidis verbis haberi ac multo rectius that cummis to the mercat, to the effect, that the cceptua, " videtur arra veteres samin may be sauld upone ane hiear price. Acts Ja. ; quanquam arram quoque saipe IV. 1540. c. 78. edit. 1566. dixerunt. Noct. Attic. Lib. 17. c. 2. Ed. Colon. 1533. In this he some which he had "The buying and selling is effectuallie and per- chapter gives quotations, fitelie noted down in the course of from the first compleit, after that the contractors are agreid reading, anent the book of the Aiinals of Claudius for the of price ; quhen the arlis (or God's pennie) Q. ; purpose is the words that given be the buyer, to the seller, and is accepted be marking singular employed by historian, or him." b. iii. c. 10. s. 2. 4. the peculiar senses in which he had used those that " Reg. Maj. arles are and taken were common. these he mentions arrhabo. Quhen given ; gif the buyer Among "When the will passe fra the contract, he may doe the samine Samnites, he says, were in possession of " so with tinsell of his arles. Ibid. s. 6. great an arrabo of," or "from the Romans."- These are the of Both arles and arles-penny are used in this sense, A. words Claudius, and all that Gellius Bor. The latter is defined "a word used quotes from him'. Then follows his own remark on by Phillips, " in this use of the term. has called some parts of England, for earnest-money given to He the six hundred servants." hostages an arrabo, choosing rather to do so, than to use the word pignut ; because the force of this term (arrabo) in that is much But now 3. A piece of money, put into the hands of a connexion, greater. men begin to view it as rather a low word, &c. seller, when one to It is begins cheapen any evident that neither Claudius, nor Gellius, gives as a that the seller the most distant hint as to arrhabo of Samnite commodity ; pledge shall being origin. Both refer to that not strike a bargain with another, while he disgraceful agreement which the Romans, under the consulate of T. Vetu- retains the arles in his S. hand, rius and Sp. Posthumius, after their army had been inclosed near the Caudine The word is used in this sense, most commonly in Forks, made with the when delivered fairs or public markets, especially in and sell- Samnites, they up six hundred knights buying as ing horses or cattle. Where a multitude are assem- hostages. Liv. Hist. Lib. 9. c. 5. They assert that the Samnites were in bled, this plan is adopted for preventing the interfer- possession of an arrabo, not ence of but more others, who might incline to purchase, while literally however, substantially, when they the had so honourable buyer and seller were on terms. The general many hostages. The it rule, indeed, is, that no other interferes, while he Romans, would appear, borrowed this term from knows that the vender retains the arles ; but waits immediately the Greeks, who used appafluv in the same till he see whether the bargain be concluded or broken sense. They also probably borrowed from the the off. V. the v. Greeks custom of giving a ring as a sponsal This custom This word is evidently derived from Lat. arrhabo, pledge. prevailed among the latter Greeks at which the Romans abbreviated into arrha. It de- least. For Hesychius gives the de- ARL [61] ARN

Fourtene hale signation of appaftuviaKa, to xaOopfi.a, fvopua and irepiffe- hundyre armynyit Of the of his lord the para, which were different kinds of rings, commonly gyft Kyngis He browoht ix. 6. 23. as pledges. V. Casaubon. Not. in Capitolin. Wyntown, fiven87. So close is the connexion between the Gr. s. L. B. id. that can view Ermine. armin-ea, term and Heb. J131J?, arbon, we scarcely ARMING, it as the effect of mere accident. This is the word "Item ane pair of wyd slevis of arming flypand bak- ward with the bordour of the same." Coll. Invento- used to denote the pledge given by Judah to Tamar, in token of his determination to fulfil his engagement ries, A. 1561, p. 128. to her; Gen. xxxviii. 17, 18, 20. It may also be ob- destitute of war- served, that the first thing she asked in pledge was his ARMLESS, adj. Unarmed, The word is from signet. 3lJ>, arab, negotiatus est, like weapons. fide fidem spopondit, jussit, interposuit. "The Oldtown people came all running with Aries is a diminutive from Lat. arra, formed, as in some few muskets and hagbutts, others with a rusty other cases, the termination le, v. many by adding q. sword, others with an headless spear. The laird of FT. id. the same arreg, erres, acknowledges origin ; Craigievar took up all both good and bad, and divided as well as Su.-G. Dan. ernitz, C. B. em, ernes, ernest, them among his own armless soldiers." Spalding's IT. rather more varied. Shaw in- airneigh, although Troubles, i. 160, 161. deed mentions iarlus as a Gael, word, signifying, an But it seems doubtful if it be earnest-penny. very ARMONY, s. Harmony. not a borrowed term ; as there appears no vestige of Dirk bene muse with dolorous armony. it in Ir., unless airleac-aim, to lend or borrow, be my Prol. 38. 5. reckoned such. Doug. Virg. In Sw. an earnest is also called faestepening, from faeula, to confirm, and pening, (whence our penny); ARMOSIE, adj. and Gudzpening, as in Reg. Maj. God's penny. It re- "Ane lang lows gowne of blak armoste taffetie with ceives this name, according to Loccenius, either be- a pasment of gold about it." Inventories, A. 1578, p. cause the money given was viewed as a kind of reli- 219. defined in gious pledge of the fulfilment of the bargain, or ap- Fr. armoisin itself signifies taffeta. It is propriated for the use of the poor. Antiq. Su.-G. Diet. Trev. as a species of taffeta which comes from armoisin is for ormoi- p. 117. The last is the only reason given by Ihre, Italy and Lyons. Huet says that and the most one. In the same sense he because it came from the isle of Ormvs. probable sin, originally " thinks that A. -S. Godgyld, was used, an offering to This, then, seems to be the same with Ormaise taffatis." Chalm. V. OBMAISE. God, money devoted to pious uses ; Germ. Oottes geld, Mary. Fr. denier de Dieu, L. B. denarius Dei. V. Du Cange. s. The a tree. in some In Su.-G. -this earnest was also denominated lithlcop, ARN, alder; S., pron. Ihre Germ, lidkop, (arra, pignus emptionis, ;) litkop, counties, q. arin. leykauf; from lid, sicera, strong drink ; Moes-G. leithu, Heb. is the name to the wild ash id. and the drink taken ptt, aran, given hop, emptio ; q. at making a tree with broad leaves Lat. Fr. erene. bargain. This term, Ihre says, properly denotes the " ; orn-us, Fearn is derived from the arn or alder money allotted for compotation between the buyer evidently in Gaelic Fearnn." P. Ross. Statist. Acct. and seller. We find it used in a passage formerly tree, Fearn, 288. quoted. When it is required, that he who changes iv. "The which I have found effectual in his mind as to a bargain, should "repay the earnest," only remedy this disorder is, an infusion of arn or alder-bark in the phrase is, giaelde Itthkopit; Jus. Bircens. ubi. sup. milk." Prize Soc. S. II. 216. In S. it is still very common, especially among the Essays, Highl. C. B. Arm. Germ. lower classes, for the buyer and seller to drink to- Uern, gufrnen, vern, guern ; on their as erlen-baum ; Fr. aulne ; Lat. alnus. It seems the same gether bargain ; or, they express it, to the tree which in the West of S. is also called eller and luck of their bargain. Nay, such a firm hold do im proper customs take of the mind, that to this day many oar. cannot even make a without and bargain drinking ; v. subst. the third Are ; pers. plur. would scarcely account the proffer serious, or the bar- ARN, to arn thei the wlonkest in wedes gain valid, that were made otherwise. Thus wode went, ; Both the Kyng and the Quene : ARLICH, ARLITCH, adj. Sore, fretted, pain- And all the douchti by dene. Sir Gawan and Sir Ool. i. 1. ful, S. B. Perhaps from Su.-G. arg, iratus, Women arn borne to thraldom and penance. laedere. It arga, may be derived, indeed, Chaucer, Man of Lawes T. 4706. from aerr, cicatrix, whence aerrad, vulne- A.-S. aron, sunt. ratus Dan. troublesome. ; arrig, grievous, ARNOT, s. Arnot, a stone lying V. ARR. Ley [lea] in the field, Aberd. q. earth-knot ? adv. ARLY, Early. s. The a fish Aberd. ARNOT, shrimp, ; He wtnbethinkaml him, at the last, In till his hart gan wndercast, ARNS, s. pi The beards of corn, S. B. That the King had in custome ay awns. Franc, id. For to ryss arty Uk day, synon. arn, And pass weill far fra his menye. Barbour, v. 554. MS. ARNUT, LOUSY ARNOT, s. Earth-nut Isl. aarla, mane, G. Andr. 14. But this is rather or Illinium bulbo- p. (whence corr.) pig-nut ; from A.-S. arlice, id. castanum, or flexuosum, Linn. ARMYN, ARMYNO, . Armour, arms. "Tall Oat-Grass, Anglis, Swines Arnuls or Earth- Scotis." 105. Berwik wes tane, and stuffyt syn, Nuts, Lightfoot, p. With men, and wittaill of annyn. "Had this husbandry been general in the dear years, Barbour, xvii. 264. MS. the poor had not been reduced to the necessity of ARO [62] ART

living on Arnots, Myles, or the like." Maxwell's Sel. Fr. arondelle, harondelle, hirondelle; from Lat. Trans, 226. hirundo, id. p. " Jurnut, id. A. Bor. Ray. Harenut, earthnut ;" Thoresby, Ray's Lett. p. 329. Teut. aerdnoot, id. ARROW, adj. Averse, reluctant, Aberd.; the same with ABCH, ARGH, &c. AROYNT tJiee, O. E. Shakespear. For a An' rogues o' Jews, they are nae arrow, as to the V. v. conjecture origin, BUNT, Wi' tricks fu' sly. D. Anderson's Poems, p. 116. ARON, s. The plant called Wakerobin, or s. The or hinder of Cuckoo's-pint, Arum maculatum, Linn. *ARSE, bottom, part, a the bottom of a Teviotd. Sw. Arons-oert, id. any thing ; as, sack-arse, sack, S. ARORYS, s. pi. Errors; Aberd. Reg. ABSK-BURD of a cart, the board which AROUME, adv. At a distance, so as to goes behind and shuts it S. make way. in, The aroume he stode. geaunt ARSECOCKLE, s. A hot pimple on the Sir Tristrem, p. 144. face or of the S. B. A.-S. rume late, or rather rum locus ; on rum. any part body, The word seems to have been originally confined to s. A scar. the marks left ARR, Pock-arrs, pimples on the hips. These may have been thus de- the because of their by small-pox, S., also, Lancash. Su.-G. nominated, rising in the form of a cockle or small shell in the ; same manner as pimples aerr, Isl. aer, or, A. Bor. arr, id. on the face are by Chaucer called wlidkes white. To ARRACE. V. ARAS. Teut. aers-bteyne, tuberculus in ano, Kilian.

s. of ARRAN-AKE, s. The speckled diver, Mer- ARSE'-VERSE', A sort spell used to the house gus stellatus, Brunnich. P. Luss. Dunbar- prevent -from fire, or as an anti- dote to tons. Statist. Ace. xvii. 251. Arson, from which the term is sup- posed to be derived, Teviotd. ARRANGE, s. Arrangement. Most probably borrowed from England. "In the first the arrange to be maid at lenthe an- suerande to the king of Inglandis first and writtingis, ARSEENE, s. A quail. all vtheris in schort and breif, &c. Acts Mary 1542, Upoun the sand that I saw, as the sanrare tane, Ed. 1814, p. 412. With grene awmons on hede, Sir Gawane the Drake ; The Arseene that our man in A term to a ay prichand plane, ARRAYED, part. adj. applied Corrector of Kirkiue was clepit the Clake. mare when in season, Fife. Hotdate, i. 17. This seems But the has been tran- merely the E. term used in a peculiar passage very inaccurately scribed. It is thus in Iluim. sense, q. "in order." MS. Upon the sand yit I saw, as thesaurare tane, s. The With grene awmons on hede, Sir Gawane the Drake ARRAS, ABBESS, angular edge of a ; The Arseene that ounnan ay prichand, &c. stone, log, or Loth. beam, Awmons be read ' might awmouss. Ourman is one The rebbits of that window would hae look't better, word, i.e. over-man or arbiter, which corresponds to gin the mason had ta'en aff the arras." "Thai jambs the office assigned to the Claik in the following line. would have been as and would handsome, hae been A'.-S. aerschen, coturnix, Aelfric. Gloss, also erec- safer for the bairns, if the arress had been tane aff," henn, Psa. civ. 38. from ersc and henn, i.e. if the q. gallina sharp edge had been hewed off. vivarii.

ARRED, adj. Scarred, having the marks of ARSELINS, adv. Backwards, Clydes. S. B. a wound or S. sore, Dan. arred, id. Hence Also used as an adj. marked Then to stand to pock-arred, the Lindy began ; by small-pox ; up try But he fell arselins back his bum. Su.-G. koppaerig, id. variolis notatam habens upon Ross's Helenore, 43. V. DIHD. f p. aciem, kopp being used, by transposition, for to backwards Belg. aerselen, go ; aerseling, receding ; pok; Dan. kop-arred. aerselincks, (Kilian) backwards. Isl. aerr-a cicatrices facere, vulnera Verel. ARSELINS the act of infligere ; COUP, falling backwards the adv. on hams, Roxb. ARREIR, Backward. To ryn arreir, rapidly to take a course. retrograde ARSOUN,s. Buttocks. [Saddle-bow Skeat.] Than did my purpose ryn arreir, With that the King come hastily, The quhilk war till declair. langsum And, intill hys nialancoly, Lyndsay's Complaynt. With a trouusouu intill his neve Chauc. arere, id. Fr. arriere, Lat. a retro. To Schyr Colyne sic dusche he geve, That he dynnyt on his arsoun. ARRONDELL, s. The swallow, a bird. Barbour, xvi. 127. Edit. 1790. The so swift of Arrondell, flight, ART, ABD. This termination of many words, Down on the land richt law did licht, a habit or is So sore he was opprest. denoting particular affection, Burel's Watson's Coll. ii. 62. to Pilg. analogous Isl. and Germ, art, Belg. aart, ART [03] ART

as E. bastard counsell thereof, sail be condemned." Ja. VI. Parl. nature, disposition ; dnmkard, ; 14. c. 219. A. 1594. Murray. Fr. babillard, a stutterer ; S. bombard, bum- In the London edit, of Buchanan's Detection, the bart, a drone, stunkart, of a stubborn dispo- phrase, Act and Part occurs twice in the indictments. [This is one proof among many, that this translation sition ; hastard, hasty, passionate. was made by an Englishman.] Arte is substituted in ART and JURE. the Scottish edit, of the following year. This phrase, as Erskine says, expresses what is "That all barronia and frehaldaris, that ar of sub- called in the Roman law, ope et consilio. It must l>e stance, put thair eldest sounis and airis to the sculia observed, however, that the language is inverted. fra thai 1)6 audit or nyne yeiris of age, and till remane Whence the expression originated, cannot be well con- at the grammer semis, quhill thai be competentlie jectured. It cannot reasonably be supposed that the haue to re- foundit, and perfite Latyne ; and thareftir word art has any relation to the v. Airt, to direct. mane thre yeris at the sculis of Art and Jure, sua that For besides that this verb does not appear to be an- thai may haue knawlege and vnderstanding of the cient, it would in this case be admitted, that those lawis." Acts Ja. IV. 1496, Ed. 1814, p. 238. who used the Lat. phrase formerly quoted, artem et This phrase evidently respects the philosophical partem, misunderstood the proper sense of S. art. The classes and jurisprudence. Art, however, may include phraseology does not seem to have been used, even in studies as the Facultas the grammatical ; phrase, Artium, middle ages. The only similar expression I have includes grammar, rhetoric, and philosophy. V. Du met with is Sw. raad och daad. Tiena nayon med vo. Art. is Lat. Cange, Jure evidently from jus-ris. raad och daad, to assist one with advice and interest ; Widegr. Lex. i.e. red and deed. ART and PART. Accessory to, S. s. to offen- The is thus defined the Erskine. ARTAILYE, Artillery ; applied " phrase by judicious One may be guilty of a crime, not only by perpetrat- sive weapons of whatever kind, before the but or it which ing it, by being accessory to, abetting ; introduction of fire-arms. is called in the et in Roman law, ope consilio, and ours, The Sotheron men maid defens that art and part. By art is understood, the mandate, in- gret tid, With felloune or that have been towards artailye, that was to bid, stigation, advice, may given With and the crime awblaster, gaynye, stanys fast, committing ; part expresses the share that And hand gunnys rycht brymly out thai cast. one takes to himself in it, the aid or assistance by Wallace, vii. 994. MS. which he the criminal in the commission of it." gives V. ABTILLIED. Institute, B. iv. T. 4. s. 10. Wyntown seems to be the oldest writer who uses s. this phrase. ARTALLIE, ARTAILLIE, Artillery. "He caused massones ane cal- Schyr WUliame Besat gert for-thi big great strenth, in led the outward blokhous, and the same Hys Chapelane hys chapell garnisched" Denwns cursyd wytn buk and bell with artallie, pouder, and bullettis. Pitscottie's Cron. All thai, that \\&Apart p. 310. Of that or brynnyn, ony art. "Or they cam to the craigs of Corstorphine, they The of alsua Byschape Abbyrclene heard the artaillie schott on both sides." Ibid. p. 326. He gert cursyd donwns all tha That [othir] be art or part, or swike, ARTATION, s. Excitement, instigation. Gert bryu that tyme this Erie Patryke. " Chron. vii. 9. 535, &c. Attour his (Macbeth's) wyfe impacient of lang all wemen ar desirus Swike, as denoting fraud, or perhaps merely contriv- tary (as ar) specially quhare thay of artalion to the ance, seems to be added as expletive of art. ony purpos, gaif hym gret persew thrid that scho micht be ane "Quhen he (Godowyne) hard the nobillis lament weird, quene, calland him cowart, & nocht desirus of the deith of Alarude the Kingis brothir, he eit ane oftymes febyl, honouris, sen he durst not the with manheid ft pece of brede, & said, God gif that breid wery me, assailye thyng is offerit to be beniuolence of gif evir I wes othir art or part of Alarudis slauch- curage quhilk hym fpr- toun." Bellend. Cron. B. xii. c. 3. in- ter : and incontinent he fell down weryit on the Instigabat citat ; Boeth. L. B. from arto used for breid. Bellend. Cron. B. xii. c. 8. Ita me superi artatio, arcto, to constrain. pane hoc strangulent, inquit, ut me authore Alarudus are, "And thame artatioune to invaid his hie- veneno necatus est ; Boeth. togeif ' ' that thai decerne it maire Bot gif the other man al lodges that he is arte and nes, mychte quhether ware to fecht with him or desist tharfra." Acts Ja. parte of that thift, and will proue that, conforme to ganand the law of is V. 1528, Ed. 1814, 327. the land ; he quha challenged, sail defend p. himselfe be battell, gif he be ane frie man." Reg. Maj. in- B. iv. c. 14. s. 4. Dicat quod iste artem et partem ARTY, AIRTIE, adj. Artful, dextrous, habuit ; Lat. Aberd. Loth. copy. " genious, Ja. IV. it is said He Concerning ; was moved to Teut. aerdigh, ingeniosus, solera, ; Dan. o.r- pass to the Dean of the said and to have argutus Chapel Royal, id. Isl. his tiij. artug-r, artificiosus. counsel, how he might be satisfied, in his own con- science, of the art and part of the cruel act which was ARTHTJRYS HUFE. The name done to his father." Pitscottie, p. 95. given by to Partaker is sometimes substituted for part. Douglas the constellation Arcturus. "Gif his maisteror sustenar of this thief or reuar Of euery sterne the twynkling notts he, refusis to do the to samin, [i.e. deliver him up] : he That in the stil heuin moue cours we se, salbe hakliu airt & partaker of his euill deidis, and Arthurys hvfe, and Hyades betaiknyng rane, salbe " accusit thairfoir, as the priucipall theif or reifar Syne Watting strete, the Home and the Charle wane. Acts Ja. V. 1515. c. 2. Ed. 1566. riryil, 85. 42. The is sometimes phrase partly explained by a In giving it this name, the translator evidently al- pleonasm immediately following. ludes to that famous building which in later times has "The committer of the slauchter, bloud or inva- been called Arthur's Oon. It appears from Juvenal, sion, in manor foresaid or ; being airt, part, red or that, among the Romans in his time, Arcturus was ART [64] ASC

imposed as a proper name, from that of the constel- with the month's mind, or funeral feast celebrated lation. thirty days after death ? This, then, being the origin of the name Arthur, The term arval may have been left in the north of as used among the Latins, Douglas, when he meets E. by the Danes (who write it arfw-oel). For although with this star, makes a transition to that celebrated A.-S. yrf denotes an inheritance, I see no vestige of British prince who, at least in writings of romance, the composite word in this language. Isl. erfe is synon. at a to Ar- arval Parentalia drekkia bore the same name ; once compliment with ; ; ad erfi, convivaudo a thur, and to his own country. By poetical liberty, parentare defunctis ; G. Andr. p. 15, 16. which he claims a to use even as a translator, he Wormius a account of the right " gives particular Arffueod, gives the British prince a place in the heavens, along a solemn feast, which kings and nobles celebrated in with Julius and other heroes of antiquity. He gives honour of a deceased parent, when they succeeded to or sacellum there in as would the or inhentance. him also a hoif ; allusion, kingdom For," he adds, "it was seem, to that fine remnant of antiquity, which about not permitted to any one to succeed to the deceased, this time began to be ascribed to Arthur. V. HOIF. unless he first received the nobles and his friends to a feast of this description. One thing attend- Provided with ar- principally ARTILLIED, part. pa. ed to on this occasion, was that, in honour of the de- the heir the vast bowls were tillery. funct, taking lead, drunk,

' and his successor bound himself a vow to ' He was so well artillied and manned that they by perform some memorable achievement." Monum. Danic. p. durst not mell with him." Pitscottie, p. 124. Fr. 36, 37. artill-er, to furnish with ordnance. AS, conj. Than, S. Art thou ; used ARTOW, interrogatively. ' ' Better be sansie [sonsie] as soon ;" S. Prov. no of is make ! up Hastow myude lufe, quhare thy ' ' That is, better fortune, than ;" Or artow seke, or smyt with jelousye ? good great industry 55. King's Quair, ii. 39. Kelly, p. "An in Scotch," he subjoins, "in an- To him I full hardily, comparison spak swers to than in N. And said, What ertow, belamy ? English." I observed Ywaine and Gavrin, v. 278. E. M. Rmn. have only another proof of this anoma- of lous use the particle ; "Better be dead as out of the Still used in some parts of S. fashion ;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 9. Isl. ertu, id. The verb and pron. are often con- Nor is far more frequently used in this sense. joined in S. in colloquial language, as in Germ, and Isl. AS, Ass, ASSE, ALSE, s. Ashes; pi. Assis. Remember that ARVAL, AKVIL-SUPPER, s. The name thou art bot as, And sail in as return to the or entertainment after agane. given supper Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 87. a in the western of Roxb. funeral, parts Eftir all was fallin in powder and in as, And the grete hete of nambis quenchit was, Arvill, a funeral. Arvill Supper, a feast The reliquis and the drery ameris syne Thay sloknit, and gan weschin with sueit wyne. made at funerals, North. Grose. " Doug. Virgil, 170, 52. In the North this feast is called an [the funeral] ye cauld assis of Troy, and flambis bayth, arval or arvil-supper ; and the loaves that are some- And extreme end of cuntre folkis, here I times distributed among the poor, arval-bread." Drawis you to witnes. IMd. 53, 25. Douce's ii. 203. Illustrations, "I sal speik to the Lord, quhou be it I am bot The learned writer that arval is derived conjectures puldir ande asse. It is vrytin in the 17 cheptour of from some lost Teut. term that indicated a funeral pile Ecclesiasticus, Omnes homines terra et tints, al men ar on which the was burned in times of body Paganism ; eird and alse." Compl. S. p. 238. as Isl. aerill the inside of an oven. But arval signifies Ass, S. In some counties pron. aiss; A. Bor. ass, is the same with Su.-G. arfoel, silicer- undoubtedly Moes-G. asja, Alem. asca, Germ, and Belg. asche, convivium f ubi cernebatur hasre- nium, unebre, atque Su.-G. and Isl. aska. Some trace these terms to Gr. celebratuin vo. 106. It has ditas, ; Ihre, Arf, p. a to fa, pulvis ; others Heb. tl>H aesfi, ignis ; ashes be- evidently originated from the circumstance of this ing the substance to which a body is reduced byjlre. entertainment being given by one who entered on the of Hence, possession an inheritance ; from arf hereditas, and oel the of the convivium, primarily designation beverage ASSHOLE, s. The place for receiving the ashes which we call ale. under the Isl. Sw. aske- Under Aarsmot (vo. Aar, annus, p. 57), Ihre re- grate. ausgrua; rites in the marks that funeral were observed, time of graf, q. the grave for the ashes. Popery, on the day of interment, afterwards on the seventh then on the thirtieth, and at if it s. Ascent Lat. ascens^io. day, length, ASCENSE, ; to the after a was agreeable heirs, year had expired ; This isope is humilitie, and that on this occasion, the relations of the deceased Piyssop] Right law intill ascense. divided the inheritance them. It was univer- among Poems \&th Cent. p. 114. sally understood, indeed, that no heir had a right to take possession of his inheritance, before giving the ASCHET, s. A large flat plate on which arval or funeral feast. meat is brought to the table, S. Fr. assiette, Ihre also that the rites of the thirtieth observes, day '' a were called traetiugimd, i.e. literally, three decades, trencher-plate," Cotg. It is and maanodsmot, from maanad a month, and mot time. most probable that Fr. assiette is of Goth, origin, As the latter term is obviously analogous to 0. E. and that it had been introduced by the Franks. For monthis mind (Su.-G. maanads-motsoel), perhaps in the Isl. ask-r and Su.-G. ask, denote a vessel. Thus Isl. term we have kernu ask is Vasculum in correspondent Traetiugund something expl. ; quo butyrum asserva- that on our Trental. it not Verel. It is translated may throw light May tur, by Sw. bytta, a pail. that the indicated this Ihre renders ask intimate, thirty masses, by pyxis ; giving Mod. Sax. ascher as term, were said on thirty successive days terminating syuon. ASC [65] ASK

To ASCRIVE, ASCRIUE, ASCRYVE, v. a. Johns, gives this, although without any example, as an E. word, but it in a sense different from 1. To ascribe. expl. quite that in which it is used in S.; "Freestones as they ' ' Albeit this word be common to both, yet most come out of the quarry, of different lengths, breadths, it is ancriued to the bodies of the godly." and thicknesses. aerlyock on 1 Thes. p. 209. Fr. aisselle, a shingle, q. smoothed like a shingle ?

2. To reckon, to account. ASIDE, s. One side. Ich aside, every side. " His foirsaid farder intrornissioun salbe ascryril Swiche meting nas never made, With on ich aside. in payment and aatisfactioun of hia principall soumes sorwe, Sir Tristrem, p. 17. protanto." Acts Ja. VI. 1621, Ed. 1814, p. 609. ilka Baimatyne writes axkri/i>e, Trans, p. 235. Analogous to the modern phrase side; only that FT. adscrire, "to enroll, account, reckon a, signifying one, is conjoined to the noun. " register, others among ; Cotgr. ASIDE, prep. Beside, at the side of another, ASEE, s. The angle contained between tlie S. beam and the on the hinder side of handle, She op't the door, she let him in, He cuist aside his a plough, Orkn.; synon. Nick. " dreepin' plaidie ; Blaw your warst, ye rain an' win", Isl. as a beam also 1 " signifies ; trabs, pertica. per- Since, Maggie, now I'm in aside ye." is E. "the of the haps q. eye, eye beam." In Dan. TannaJiilFs Poems, p. 153. this would be qas-oie, in Isl. aas-auya. It seems formed q. on side, like E. aivay. ASSHOLE, s. 1. The place for receiving the ASIL, AsiL-TooxH, s. The name given to ashes, &c. V. under As, Ass, &c. the grinders, or denies molares, those at the 2. round excavation in the A ground out of extremity of the jaw, Roxb. Assal-Tooth, doors, into which the ashes are carried from Lanarks. the hearth Mearns. ; This must be radically the same with Su.-G. oxel. For oxeltand denotes a dens molaris Ihre. Lancash. esahole, ashole, id. Tim Bobbins. grinder, ; He views the word as a derivative from oxe bos, tau- . A rus this Is it because most ASHIEPATTLE, neglected child, ; adding query, they nearly Shell. resemble the teeth of oxen ? He gives A. Bor. axel- tooth as synon. But Grose writes it assle-tooth. Ihre Isl. ; Haldorson. As aska is putti signifies puerulus also mentions Isl. jackael, id". According to the ortho- cinis, what if the term denote a child allowed to lie graphy of G. Andr. this is jaxl. He derives it from among ashes 7 Sittia or liggia t tuika, to sit or lie failure teeth among jadi, which denotes a of the ; although the ashes, was a used the ancient Goths, ex- phrase by the idea is directly the reverse. Perhaps the origin is pressive of great Askefis, used as a contempt. single Isl. jack-a continue agitare. had a similar cineribus designation, meaning, qui op- This would suggest the same idea with the Lat. de- Ihre. This kind of pedit ; phraseology evidently signation molaris, as referring to the constant action from their so low an estimate of an originated having of a milii. It may be observed, however, that in the unwarlike or death. V. STRAE-DEATH. life, peaceful Moes-G. version of Mark ix. 42. axilu quairnus is used in rendering Xtflos /ii'Xucoj, a mill-stone; "whence," says in the lowest ' ' ASHYPET, adj. Employed Junius, I conclude that the Goths, with whom aslln kitchen work, Ayrs. denotes an ass, called a mill-stone asilu (fuairnm in imi- tation of the whom the mill-stone "When I reached Mrs. Damask's house, she was Greeks, by upper was denominated ooj, i.e. the ass." Goth. Gl. Were gone to bed, and nobody to let me in, dripping wet as we certain that this idea were well-founded, assal I was, but an ashypet lassie that helps her for a ser- the use of the term in the oldest vant." Steamboat, p. 259. V. ASSIEPET. would, according Goth, dialect, be equivalent to molaris, or grinder. ASH-KEYS, s. pi. The name given to the s. Asses. seed-vessels of the also ASYNIS, pi. ash, S.; Ashen-key. " Thair hors ar litill mair than Bellend. "The gold is shelled down when you command, as asynis." Descr. Alb. c. 15. Fr. asne, Lat. asin-tis, id. fast as I have seen the ash-keys fall in a frosty morning in October." Tales of my Landlord, i. 141. s. " AWSK, newt ; a kind of Reid writes it kyes. The several wayes of increas- ASK, Eft, lizard, ing them are, first by seeds, kyes, kernells, nuts, S. asker, Lancash. stones." Scots 55. Gardener, p. Be-west Bertane is lyand "The Ash, raised the called the Ashen. only by seed, All the landys of Irlande : E. tf/i.'' Haddington, Forest Trees, p. 12. That is ane lande of nobyl ayre, "It is raised from the key, as the ash," &c. Ib. p. 16. Of fyrth, and felde, and flowrys fayre : ( the or seeds of Thare best of 'iilrer-trys, keys an ash-tree, Kent ; nakyn wenym may or lest atoure a Grose ; q. Do they derive their names from culver, a Lywe, day ; As or or pigeon ? ask, eddyre, tade, pade, Suppos that thai be thiddyr hade. "l|- i. 13. 56. ASHLAR, adj. Hewn and polished, applied v toK>, Scho wanderit, and to an elriche well. to stones, S. yeid by Scho met thar, as 1 wene, "Dr. Guild goes on most and causes Ane ask on a snaill, maliciously, rydand" " oast down the stately wall standing within the bishop's And cryit, Ourtane fallow haill ! MS. close, curiously builded with hewn stone, and brake Pink. S. P. Kepr. iii. 141. also Bann. " down the ashlar work about the of Lat. turrets, &c. Spalding, Awsk is used improperly as a translation ii. 127. aspia, in a curious passage in Forduu's Scotichron. ASK [66] ASS

The unlatit woman the licht man will lait, Thair wes the Viper, and th" Aspect, Gangis coitand in the curt, hornit like a gait : With the serpent Cheliderect, With pryk youkand eeris as the awsk gleg. Quhois stink is felt afar. Burel's ii. Vol. II. 376. V. LAIT, . Pilg. Watson's Coll. 21. Fr. id. Dispone thyself, and cum with me in hy, aspic, Edcleris, askis, and wormis meit for to be. Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 135. ASPERANS, adj. Lofty, elevated, pompous ; to diction. It seems to be a general idea among the vulgar, that applied what we call the ask is the asp we read of in Scripture I yow besek, off your beneuolence, and elsewhere. This notion must have arisen from the Quha will nocht low, lak nocht my eloquence. It is weill knawin I am a bural resemblance of the man ; names ; and has very probably For her is said as as I can. contributed to the received of the newt gudly opinion being felis na venomous. My spreyt termys asperans. Wallace, xi. 1463. A. Bor. asker ; Germ, eidechs, eidex ; Franc, edelisa, In Perth edit, aspriance. But here it is as in etjidehm ; A.-S. athexe, Belg. egdisse, haagdisse, Isl. given MS. Fr. Lat. ethla, Su.-G. odla, Fr. ascalabe, id. Wachter derives aspirant, aspirans, part. the Germ, term from ovum and ey, eg, tyrj-en, gignere ; ASPERT, adj. Harsh, cruel. q. produced from an egg. Though thy begynyng hath bene retrograde, Be froward opposyt quhare till s. The stake to which a cow is aspert, ASK, bound, Now sail thai turn, and luke on the dert. a in by rope or chain, the cow-house, Caithn. King's Qitair, v. 19. Isl. If this be the sense, the term is from Fr. as, pertica ; Su.-G. acts, tigmim, trabs. probably aspre, Lat. asper, id.

' To ASK, v. a. To proclaim two in persons AS PYNE, s. Apparently meant to denote a the in order to to parish church, marriage ; boat. the Aberd. publish bans, Loth.; synon. Cry. The gynour in the with a This may be viewed as an oblique use of the v. as Hyt aspyne stane, And the men that tharin war used in the language employed in the formulary of gane Sum ded, sum come doun Church of England, in regard to the solemnization of dosnyt, wynland. xvii. 719. as a certificate Barbour, MS. marriage ; must be produced bearing The writer that the bans have been thrice asked. having said that their boats were well this seem to one of the festnyt, might signify fastenings ; ASKLENT, adv. Ob- Isl. hespa, Su.-G. haspe, Germ, hespe, A.-S. haepse, ASCLENT, ASKLINT, sera a a uncus, ; bar, bolt, a hook, E. hasp ; which liquely, on one side, S. Aslant, E. asquint, Wachter traces to heb-en, tenere. The term, however, "Vnderthe second sort, I comprehend al motions, should perhaps rather be understood of one of the and actions of our boats referred to. cogitations, whole life, whereby we For Teut. hespinghe, and espinck, decline neuer so and asclent from a small boat litle, go that perfect signify cymba, or yawl ; and Sw. espiny, a duty, quhilk we aught to God and to our neighbour." long boat. Bruce's Eleven Serin. 1591. Sign. N. 5. 2. To v. a. Maggie coost her head fu'high, ASPARE, To aspire; Aberd. Reg. Look d asklent and unco skeigh. Burns, iv. 26. ASPOSIT, part. pa. Disposed. Let then survivors take the "Evill hint, asposit persones," i.e. ill-disposed, prone to Head what can in fate's dark they print, mischief. Aberd. Reg. A. 1565, V. 26. And let them never look asklint This term is quite anomalous. On what they see. H. Galloway's Poems, p. 102. ASPRE, adj. Sharp. Skinner, Johnson, and all derive E. Lemon, slant, Sagittarius with his aspre bow, aslant, from a without observ- Belg. slanghe, serpent ; By the ilk syng weryt ye may know that the word is in ing very preserved Sw. slant, id. The changing courss quhilk rnakis gret deference, from latus. slind, Thus aslant is literally, to one side. And lewyss had lost thair colouris of plesence. Wallace, iv. 5. MS. V. ASPKKT. ASKOY, adv. Asquint, Kirkcud- obliquely, ASPRESPER, 8. bright. Compleyne also, yhe worth! men of wer, This has the same fountain with E. askew ; Dan. Compleyne for hym that was your aspresper, aJciaev, Su.-G. skef, from the And to the dede fell obliques, inseparable par- Sothron yeit he dicht : ticle ska, sko, denoting disjunction. Compleyne for him your treumphe had to ber. Wallace, ii. 230. MS. ASLEY. Horses in asley, are horses I find in belong- nothing, the Goth, dialects, allied to aspre ; to different unless it ing persons, lent from one to be supposed that this was a spear made of from another, till each land be poplar, A.-S. aspe, id. This passage may perhaps person's ploughed; receive a Orkn. gleam of light from L. B. aspar, asparis, ubi lanceae tenentur; Du Cange. It must be admitted, however, that Harry the Minstrel also uses the adv. In phrase ASPAIT, flood, Clydes. aspre bow. V. ASPRE. This would indicate, that the 1" the mirk in a term rather stound, wi' rairau' sound, respects the quality of the instrument. Aspait the river rase. ASPRIANCE. V. Marmaiden of Clyde, Edin. Mag. May 1820. ASPERANS. To v. a. To ask. ASPECT, s. The serpent called the or ASS, asp, O aspik. mercy, lord, at thy gentrice I ass. Henrysone, Lyon and Mous, st. 21. ASS [67] ASS

The Freir behuifit to fleech fiot at the he wes there silly assemblyng For almous that he asaii. Ill-til the mowth strykyn wyth a spere, Spec. Oddly Sanys, p. 36. Qwhill it wp in the haruys run. viii. 33. 38. Germ, eisch-en, Franc, eisc-on, id. tt'yntoum, By Carhame aseer.Myd thai : ASS, . Ashes. V. As. Thare wes hard fychtyng, I harde say. Jbui, ix. 2. 25. To ASSAILYIE, v. a. To attack, to assail. Fr. assembl-er, from Su.-G. taml-a, Germ, samlen, id. These verbs are A fell bykkyr the Tnglissmen began, Belg. zamel-en, formed from Su.- Assailyeid sayr with moiiy cruel! man. G. and Germ. 8am, a prefix denoting association and Wallace, .\L 406. MS. conjunction, Moes-G. sanutn, in composition samn, cum A.-S. and Isl. earn. Lat. Fr. as>aill-ir, id. Menage wildly derives this from una, ; timnl,Gr. aw,o\n>., have been viewed as From Lat. afflarf. But it is evidently from L. B. adxal-irr, o/ia, cognate particles. earn Ihre derives samn and unio al- anxal-ire, iuvadere, aggretli. In via adualire, villain concors, samja, ; it is not that the first of these adsalirt ; Leg. Salic, pass. V. Du Cange. though improbable may have been the radical word. ASSAYIS, s. Assize, convention. . battle. In this tyrawnd alsa fast ASSEMBLE, Engagement, till the than Agayne Assayis past, Than bathe the fyrst rowtis rycht thare And askyd thame, how thai had dwne. At that assemble wencust war. Wyntmon, viii. 5. 158. Wyntown, viii. 40. 192.

s. ASSAL-TEETH, pi The grinders. V. ASSENYHE, . The word of war. ASIL. And quhen the King his folk has sene to faile for Begyn ; propyr tene, ASSASSINAT, *. An assassin; an improper Hys assenyhe gan he cry, And in the stour sa hardyly use of the Fr. word the act of denoting He ruschyt, that all the semble schuk. murder. Jiarbom, ii. 378. SIS. This word is corr. from "Haxton of Rathillet, as was ailed was one ENSENYIE, q.v. " ged, of the assaxsinats of Bishop Sharp. Law's Memori- ASSIE, adj. Abounding with ashes, Loth. alls, p. 157. V. As, Ass. ASSEDAT, pret. Gave in lease. ASSIEPET,. A dirty little creature; synon. "He assedat his fisching," &c. Aberd. Reg. A. 1545, V. 19. with Skodgie, Roxb.; q. one that is con- stantly soiled with ass or ashes, like a pet ASSEDATION, s. 1. A lease, a term still that lies about the ingle-side. V. ASHYPET used in our commonly legal deeds, S. and ASHIEPATTLE. "Ane tak and assedatioun is not sufficient, qnhilk wantis the yeirlie dutie quhilk sould be payit thair- To ASSIG, . n. or the date or witnessis." Balfour's Pract. foir, p. One is said to "assig him ane sufficient 200. nychtbour," Aberd. Reg. MS. This is probably an error for Assign. If not, it 2. The act of letting in lease. may be from O. Fr. axseg-ier faire asseoir, poser, placer, uses L. B. Craig (de Feud.) assedatio for a lease. . Roquef ; q. "set down beside him." Carpentier expl. assidatio, annuae pensionis assignatio. "Gif Baillie in the aiseilution of the s. The a bird any King's ASSILAG, stormy petrel, ; rents, is ane thereof. Gif there Ire ane partaker gude Procellaria Pelagica, Linn. assedathn, and vpteking of the common gude of the " The assilag is as as a linnet. It comes about burgh ; & gif faithful compt be made therof to the large the twenty second of March, without to community of the burgh." Chalrnerlan Air. c. 39. s. any regard 37.45. winds." Martin's St. Kilda, p. 63. "It bad weather, and cautions the seamen L. B. assed-art, axxid-ere, censum describere, taxare, presages of the of a under the imponere, peraequare : talliam, sive impositum vec- approach tempest, by collecting sterns of the ; it braves the utmost of the tigal vel tributum cum acqualitate singulis viritim ships fury storm." Penu. Zool. p. 553, 554. taxare ; Du Cange. Fr. asseoir, id. Skinner derives Assedation from ad and sedes. "The seamen call these birds Motfier Carry's chirtens." Sibbald's Fife. p. 111. N. The term has a Gael, from IT. To ASSEGE, v. a. To besiege. perhaps origin, fascal, eaxhal, a storm, and some other word, the thare than forming Hym-self dwelland, as termination, ache danger, or a'ujhe stout, valiant ; Lyncolne hys ost wes asseyeande, braving the storm. Several of its names have a vii. 9. 76. o^. Wyntown, similar reference ; Germ. storm-Jinck, Sw. storm-waders Fr. assitij-er;'L. B. assid-iare, obsidere. Assidiaverunt vogel, Lat. procellaria, Ac. castrum Montissilicis. Murat. T. 8. coL 434 ; Du Cange. From Lat. ad and sedeo. ASSILTRIE, s. Axle-tree. Out of the Eous lift his ASSEGE, s. Siege. sey up held, I mene the horse, whilk drawis at device The than swne. assege [thai] scalyd The assiltrie and goldin chair of price. Wyntmon, vii 9. 87. Of Titan Pal. Hoa, Prol. 4. Assiltre, Virg. 155, 46. To ASSEMBLE, v. n. To join in battle. Fr. asueul, Ital. assile, id. Wyth als few folk, as thai ware, On thame assenMyd he thare. To ASSING, r. a. To assign. ASS [68] ASS

as he saw." Bel- "Quhilk day thai assing for the taxatioun," &c. in sithement of his ransoun to write Aberd. Reg. A. 1538, V. 15. lend. Cron. B. xiv. c. 11. Ye Ismalites, with scarlat hat and gowne, To ASSYTH, ASSYITH, SYITH, SITHE, Your bludie boist na syth can satis ne. Spec. Godly Ballads, p. 1. v. a. To make a compensation, to satisfy. This seems to refer to the anathema pronounced by used in our courts of This v. is still commonly law, of the cardinals or to a the Pope, his legate, or any ; as denoting satisfaction for an injury done to any papal interdict. party. Thus aseeth is used by Wiclif. "And Pilat willynge "Gif be conuict of sic trespas, that thay be thay to make aseeth to the puple lefte to hem Barabas and and find borrowis till assyth the King and the punist, bitooke to hem Jhesus betun with scorgis to be cruci- Acts Ja. i. c. A. 1424. Edit. partiecompleinand." 7. " in another MS. fied ; Mark xv. Asseth 1566. Assyith, Skene. Su.-G. saett, reconciliation, or the fine paid in order The Byschapryke of Dunkeldyn swne to procure it. V. the v. and SAUCHT. Fell vacand, and the Pape gave that Fra he it Til this Jhon Scot. gat, To ASSOILYIE, v.a. 1. To acquit, to free in sum than wes he. Assythyd part from a or a forensic Wyntown, vii. 8. 359. charge prosecution ; uses in the same sense term much used in our courts of law. Douglas, in his Virgil, syith ; I have omitted to mark the " but place. The malefactour assoilyied at the instance of the ' ' Yit the was nocht full sithit with his justice, Kyng partie, may be accused by the King." Reg. Maj. B. iv. to the be- bot with mair rigoure punist Mordak deith, c. 28. Tit. cause he was alliat to the & sayd Donald, participant The apothecary Patrick Hepburn his son being pur- in his Bellend. Cron. B. ix. c. with hym treason." sued as successor titulo lucrativo, for a debt of his 28. the of father's upon that ground ; and though Right is the oldest term from which Syith, silhe, evidently ; Lands granted to him by his father was before the has afterwards been formed in our courts of assyth debt, yet it was revocable, and under reversion to the which is not obsolete. law, yet quite father upon a Rose noble, when he contracted the debt Skinner derives the word from Lat. ad and A.-S. lybelled. sithe vice. But the is Su.-G. and Id. saett-a title origin The Lords assoilyied from the passive foresaid ; in a reconciliari. Saett conciliare ; and passive sense, but reserved reduction. is a in the Gothic maal och boett, common phrase Dirleton's Decisions, No. 184. an action for which a fine is laws ; denoting paid, and are This to what hostages given. corresponds 2. To absolve from an ecclesiastical censure ; is expressed in the statute quoted above, being ' ' as from excommunication. and borrowis till punished, finding (or sureties) assyth " the King," &c. The Su.-G. phrase in S. would li- Sic thingis done, Kyng Johne and his realme wes terally be, "Syth in maill and bote ;" i.e. satisfy assoytyeit fra all censuris led aganis thaym." Bellend. by paying a certain sum as reparation. V. SYTH Cron. B. xiii. c. 10. Joannes excommunicatione iolutus mentions assith and et interdicto Boeth. and BOTE. Ihre, under Saetta, est, Angliae regnum ab levatum ; as mistake he assithment, cognates ; although by The Archebyschape of Yhork that yhere, indeed calls them E. words. Aseeth and asseth are Be autoryte and powere used by 0. E. writers in the sense of satisfaction. Of the Pape, assoylyd then V. the s. Ihre refers to A.-S. sett-an, as having the Alysawndyr our Kyng, and his lawd men. sense of componere. But Somner explains this Lat. But the Byschapys and the clergy ' ' Yhit he leit in term only by these E. words, to make, to compose, cursyng ly, " All bot of Se to to write. Germ, indeed, Saynct Andrewys devise, setz-en, signifies, The Willame sich mit recon- Byschape iuimicitias deponere ; iemand setzen, Wyntown, vii. 9. 159. ciliari cum aliquo. This is given by Wachter as only Asoil, asoilen, in 0. E. denote the absolution a sense of setzen, ponere. Although Ihre asoul, figurative a hesitates as to the origin of the Su.-G. word, this given by priest. "He asotiled al tho he had all told." analogy renders it highly probable, that saetta, con- thys folc, thys y R. Glouc. 173. 'In a later MS. it is asoilede. ciliare, is in like manner merely the v. saetta, ponere, p. To be cursed in she used figuratively, like Lat. componere. Ir. and Gztel. consistory, connteth not a beane, For she the and coteth his sioth-am also signifies, to make atonement. copeth comissary, clarkes, She is assoyled as sone as her selfe lyketh. P. Fol. b. ASSYTH, ASSYTHMENT, SYTH, SITHEMENT, s. Ploughman, 13. i.e. she a as a bribe to the and atonement for gives cope commissary, Compensation, satisfaction, furnishes coats to the clerks of the Bishop's court, that an offence. Assyihment is still used in our she may be absolved from the sentence of excommuni- courts of law. cation. V. Cowel.

And that the had quhen lettyr Kyng sene, 3. To pronounce absolution from sin, in con- dowt he wes Wyth-owtyn rycht tene, of confession. And thowcht full assyth to ta, sequence of the Brwis allsua. ' ' And vengeance Quhairfor, christin man & woman, according to viii. 18. 105. Wyntown, the doctrine, ordinatioun and command of God and

' ' cum to seik for ane lauchful Gif ane man rydand, slayes ane man behinde him, haly kirk, confessioun, horse sail minister, quhilk pronunce the wordis of absolu- with the hender feit of his ; na assythment may tioun to the and the fra thi and ken be given for his slauchter, bot the fourt feit of the assolye synnis, that he the of thairfor bow doune horse, quha with his hieles did straik the man, or the occupies place God, thi self to mak thi confessioun to him." Hamil- fourt part of the price of the horse." Reg. Mag. B. Abp. toun's Fol. 155. a. iv. c. 24. s. 2. Catechisme, This term occurs in a which deserves to be "The freir Carmelite (quhilk wes brocht as we haue passage not as a of the re- writtin) be King Edward to put his victory in versis transcribed, only giving just picture laxed of the Church of but as wes tane in this feild, & commandit be King Robert morality Rome, affording ASS [60] ASS

a of the freedom and with which she mis et Collecta proof severity pro defunctis, ; Odo Episc. Paris, in was lampooned by early poetical writers in England, Praecept. Synodal. 7, Du Cange. 0. Fr. absould-re is as well as in other countries. is thus defined reis violatae Money personified ; E religionis et pietatis pro under the name of or nihilo habitae Mede Reward. eximere ; abioulu, absolutus ; Le Frere. But it seems to have been Than came tlier a confessor, copid as a Frier, immediately derived from To Mede the mayd, he mellud thes wordes, the Lat. liturgy. Of this the following passage affords And wcrr full in shrift as it ; a as well as a further sayd softly, proof, illustration of sense 3. lewd men lerned men had Hen the Though & by bothe "This powar and auctoritie [to forgeue synnis] the And falsenes had all this yfouled the, fifty wyiiter, preist, as the minister of Christ vsis & exicutis quhen I shal the for a seme of whete assoylt myselfe, ; he the pronuncis wordis of absolutioun, sayand thus : And also be bedman, and beare wel thy message thy Ego abaoluo te a peccatis tuis, In nomine patris, et Amongest knightes & clerks, conscience to turne. Jilii, et ipiritus sancti. Amen. I atsoilye the fra thi Tlien Mede for her misdedes to that man kneled, synnis, In the name of the father, the and the And shrone her of her shroudnes, shameles I trow sonne, haly Amen." Hamiltoun's Told him a tale, aud toke him a noble spreit. Abp. Catechisme, Fol. For to be her bedman, and her broker also. 151. b. Than he her sithen he assoyled sone, and sayde ; We haue a window in wil set vs ful 6. Also used as to un- working, high ; improperly, signifying Woldest thou glase the gable, & graue therin thi name, riddle. Seker shoulde thy soule be, heauen to haue. " Of thee bee out a P. Ploughman's Vision, Fol. 12. a. b. may put riddle, What is it which three walketh with one foote Here the word denotes absolution from hauing feete, into its guilt, where hand ? I shall asuoile it ; It is an olde man with no censure was in force, but as connected with auri- going a staffe." Z. Boyd, Last Batt. p. 529. cular confession. The phrase, toke. him a npble, means Amoile, absoillee, decharge, absous, dispense ; Gl. gave or reached to him a piece of money of this de- Roquefort. signation. A.-S. betaec-an, tradere, committere. Our old writers use beteach, betaught, in a similar sense. To ASSONYIE, ESSONYIE, . a. 1. To offer 4. To absolve from guilt one departed, by an excuse for absence from a court of law. masses for the soul to the " saying ; according Gif ane man is essonyiednt the fourt day, be reason of seiknes or faith of the Romish church. bed evil], or being beyond Forth : he sail have respit, or ane continuation of fourtie dayes." Thai haiff had hym to Dunfernlyne, Stat. K. Will. c. 26. s. 1. And him solemply erdyt syne In a fayr tumb, in till the quer. 2. to excuse Byschappys and Prelatis, that thar wer, Actually ; the excuse offered being AssoilyeU him, quhen the serwice sustained. Was done as thai couth best dewiss. Barbour, xx. 289. MS. "He cannot be essonyied, bot be these lawfull Quon. Attach, c. 57. s. 5. This is sometimes represented as the act of God, in essonyies." "For will consequence of the prayers of men. quhatsoever eseomjie any partie, against the of "The haill thre Estatis of the Realine sittand in soyte any man, it behoues the essonyier to name his awin name." Baron c. 40. s. 2. plane Parliament, hes reuokit all alienatiounis, als- Courts, As used Barbour, it is to ac- weill of landis and of possessiounis, as of mouable by nearly equivalent quitted. gudis, that war in his Fathers possessioun, quhame I wald that thow war God assolyie, the tyme of his deceis, geuin and maid blythly thair, without the auise and consent of the thre Estatis." Bot at I nocht reprowyt war. On this maner weile thou Acts Ja. n. 1437. o. 2. edit. 1566. wyrk may ; Thow sail tak Ferrand my palfray. And for thair is na horss in this land 5. Used improperly, in relation to the response Swa swycht, na yeit sa weill at hand, of an oracle in as off ; apparently the sense of Tak him thine awyne hewid, As I had gevyn thairto na reid. resolving what is doubtful. And gyff iiys yhemar oucht gruchys, Bot than the King, thochtfull and all peusiue Luk that thow tak hym magre his. Of sic to seik beliue monsteris, gan Swa sail I weill assonyeit be. His fader Fauuus oratoure and ansuare Barbour, it 125. MS. couth the fatis for to cum declare Quhilk ; And gan requiring responsiouns alsua 3. To decline the combat, to shrink from an In the schaw vnder hie Albunea. Thiddcr hail the pepill of Italia, adversary. And all the land eik of Enotria, Wallace preyst in tharfor to set rameid. Thare doutsum tursis for ansuere With a the Bruce was but asking gud sper serwyt baid ; thare And peticiouns gettis assoUyet here. With gret inwy to Wallace fast he raid : Dotty. Virgil, 207. 43. And he till him assonyeit nocht for thi. The Bruce him myssyt as Wallace It occurs in a similar sense in 0. E. "I assoyle a passyt by. Wallace, x. 365. MS. harde questyon, [Fr.] Je souls. Ansoyle me my ques- i.e. Bruce was so well did and I shall the a of : although armed, Wallace tyon, gyue jpayre hosen Souls ma " not excuse himself from demande," Ac. Palsgr. B. lii. f. 154, a. He hath practically fighting. forthe a R. Glouc. uses for excused. a put queatyon whiche no man can him : asoyned Essoine, legal 1 aaaoyle II a Persone's T. v. 150 Gower. icy propose vne question que mil icy ne penul as- excuse, Chaucer, ; essonye, souldre/' Ibid. f. 327, b. He myght make non essonye. The word is evidently corr. from Lat. absolv-ere, Cvnf. Am. FoL 17. b. which was not used as a only forensic term, but in the Fr. essoyn-er, exon-ier, "to excuse one from appear- dark bore that ages very sense in which it occurs in ing in court, or from going to the wars, by oath that the from passage quoted Barbour. Absolvere Defunctos, he is impotent, insufficient, sick or otherwise neces- est dicere collectam mortuorum ; Absolve, Domine, ani- sarily employed ;" Cotgr. mos fidelium dcfunctorum. Sacerdotes audito paroch- It can scarcely be doubted that this word has had ianorum su'oriun statim obitu, abwlvaid eos cum Psal- a Gothic origin. As Su.-G. son-a, foer-son-a, and ASS [69] AST

to the Germ, sun-en, signify to reconcile, explain ; 2. To start aside from, to avoid. latter also denotes in whatever way. Moea- judgment Giff ye a goddesse be, and that ye like G. is still nearer in sense. For it means, to tun-jan To do me payne, I may it not astert. wisdom is justify. Oasunjoda warth handuyei, justi- Ibid. ii. 25. fied Luke vii. 35. Junius in his Goth. Gloss., refers ; Here it ia used in an active senae. Germ, starz-en, to idea is to sunjeinx, good, aa probably the root. The start up, 0. Teut. steert-en, to fly. not unnatural. For what is justification, but a decla- sense : ration that one is good or righteous in a legal adv. 1. In confusion, in a bustling bonum vel ASTEER, or what is it to reconcile, to appease ; but, be state, q. on stir, S. propitium reddere ? The derivation may, however, Es- she's a inverted. The adj. may be from the verb. V. My minny scalding wife, 1 1 ;u Is a' the house asteer. SONY1E, 8. Ritson's S. Songs, i. 45. At an to rest, ASSOPAT,/>r<. pa. end, put 2. Used as equivalent to abroad, out of doors; laid aside. " are as, Ye're air asteer the day," you early "Answered that it wea not intended aa ane justifi- abroad to-day, S. catione of the band, for they did imagine that all of wes Acts Cha. I. Ed. that kynd already assopat. 1814, To ASTEIR, v. a. To rouse, to excite, to V. 667. " to to stir. Fr. assop-ir, to lay asleep ; quiet ; sup- to presse." Cotgr. My plesoure prikis my paine ay prouoke ; My solace, sorow sobbing to asteir. Test. Poems 16* Cent. 262. ASSURANCE, s. 1. "To take assurance of K. Henry's p. to or do under A.-S. astyr-ian, excitare. an enemy ; submit, homage, the condition of protection." Gl. Compl. ASTENT, s. Valuation. " Sum of you remania in youre auen housia on the "That Dauid Halyday and his moder sal bruk the men land of astent of Dal- Inglis mennis assurance. As sune as Inglis and joyss the x s. worth of aid dreymis that ye haue failyet to them, than thai repute ruskel for the termes contenit in the lettre of asseda- you for there mortal enemies far mair nor thai repute cion," &c. Act Audit. A. 1479, p. 89. ony Scottis man that vas ueuyr assurit." Compl. S. Here we observe the firat stage in the transition from to a. 1. p. 114. Extent Stent. V. STENT, Fr. asseurement was used in the same sense. nearly severe a Donner asseurement, tidem dare. C'est un vieux mot ASTERNE, adj. Austere, ; having V. Diet. qui se disoit autrefois pour assurance, &c. harsh look, Roxb. Doug. Virg. Trev. These writera derive it from assecurare, from B. adv. 1. Rather ad and securus, q. rendre sur. V. L. Assecurare, ASTIT, ASTET, ASTID, ; as, and Asseciiramentum, Du Cange. astit rather better astit rather better, ; was, was " I would astit rin the I 2. ''This word of old was the same with Law- ; kintry," would rather banish Lanarks., borrows now." Spottiswoode's MS. Diet. myself; Ayrs., Dumfr. v. Asked. AST, pret. Astet is rendered "rather," and resolved by "instead o' that." Gl. Surv. 691. But it seems To Maist : Hanam sone he past, Ayrs., p. 689, And sownies of silver fra him ast merely a corr. and oblique use of als tyt, as soon as, In borrowing while he come bak. tittar being used for rather, Selkirks. V. TYTE, TYT, Legend Bp. St. Androis, Poems 16th Cent. p. 328. adv. It ia well known that the sense of E. " primary rather is more early," in respect of preparation. To ASTABIL, v. a. To calm, to compose, 2. Astid, as well as, Roxb. to assuage. Thare myndis mesis and astdblis he, ASTRE, s. A star, Fr. And gane thame promys rest in time cumming. The glistering astres bright, Doug. Virg. 466. 27. Quhilk all the night were cleare, O. Fr. to to settle. establ-ir, eatabliah, Offusked with a greater light, Na langer dois appeare. ASTALIT, part. pa. Decked, or set out. Hume, Chron. S. P. iii. 386. His hors he to ane tre that tyit treuly tyde ; s. The beam of a Orkn. Syne hynt to ane hie hall ASTREES, plough, ; That wes astalit with pall : perhaps from Isl. as and trd lignum. V. Weill wroght wes the wall, ASEE. And payntit with pride. Gawan and Gol. i. 5. * To ASTRICT, v. a. To bind legally; a Fr. to to shew. estctil-er, display, forensic term. v. n. 1. nor astrictit to mak forder To ASTART, ASTEET, To start, to "Nane salbe haldin payment of thair pairtis of the said taxatioun." Acts fly hastily. Ja. VI. 1585, Ed. 1814, p. 426. It is used as a v. n. in 0. E. "I asterte, I ahonne or auoyde from a thyng. I can nat astarte from him. ASTRIKKIT, part pa. Bound, engaged. I I B. iii. f. 154, a. asterte, escape." Palsgr. "That Valerius wes but ane private man in the For quhilk sodayne abate anon astert time that this aith wes maid, and, be that ressoun, The blude of all my body to my hert. thay aucht nocht to be astrikkit to him." Belleud. T. ii. 21. King's Quair, Liv. p. 235. ASW [70] ATO

This is the Lat. astrict-uti, id. L. B. aslrictio, coactio. undoubtedly meaning of at that, R. Bmniiu. p. 74. although expl. by Hearne, as many a, adeo ut forsitan ASWAIP, adv. Aslant, Ettr. For. reponendum sit, al that. William alle apert his oste he This word seems to claim kindred with Su.-G. steep-a redy dyght. At that thei mot fynd, to suerj alle thei vagari, or A.-S. steap-an, swtop-an, verrere. It is yede. This mode of the formed on the same principle with the E. phrase, "to expressing pron. seems to have been borrowed from take a sweep." the similar use of the conj. adv. Afloat. Used as A-SWIM, , prep. signifying, in full pos- "The soldiers session sleeping carelessly in the bottom of of, especially in relation to the mind, the ship upon heather, were all a-moim, through the S. V. HIMSELL. water that came in at the holes and leaks of the ship, to their great amazement." Spalding, i. 60. AT adv. ALL, "Altogether," Rudd. per- AT, con;. That. haps, at best, at any rate. Thi And quhen Ferandis modyr herd scharpe fygurate sang Virgiliane, So wrocht How hyr sone in the bataill ferd, wisely vithontyne word in vane, And at he swa wes febill at discomfyt ; My wauering wit, my cunning all, Scho the ill ther not rasyt spyryt sis tyt : My mynd misty, may mys ane fall. And askyt quhy he gabyt had Doug. Virgil, 3. 34. a Off the iisiifi- that he hyr mad ? AT ANE MAE at the last Barbour, iv. 288. MS. WI'T, push ; q. It is frequently used by Barbour in the same sense. about to make one attempt more as the last for the And woice in euiry place suld bide, Ettr. For. At he was ded, out throuch the land so wide, "Here's the that the In scho chap began said Tam ; presence ay wepyt wudyr slycht ; fray," at him. He rather looks Bot gudely ineytis scho graithit him at hir mycht. "ye may speer as he were And so befel in at ane mae tci't." Perils of i. to that sammyn tid, Men, 310. "As to the Quhill forthirmar at Wallas worthit wycht. storm, I can tell you my sheep are just ii. al ane mae tvi't. I Wallace, 282. 286. MS. am waur than ony o' my neigh- as I Thai dowtyd at hys senyhourry bours, lie higher on the hills." Black w. Mag. Mar. Suld thame abawndown halyly. 1823, p. 313. \Vyntown, ii. 9. 86. It is sometimes used by the Bishop of Dunkeld. V. ATANIS, ATTANIS, ATANYS, ATONIS, adv. IRNE. It also occurs in our old acts of At once Parliament. ; S. at ainze. V. ANENT, prep. LITSTAR, Ac. Tharto also he ekit and vs then It has been observed in gaif a note to the Gi-ntil prefixed hors, and pillotis, and lodismen : Gl. to Wallace, Perth edit., that at is to be consid- Hes suppleit vs with rowaris and marineris, ered as a contraction for that, "which the writer And armour plente atanis for al our feris. of the MS. had made use of for his own convenien- Doug. Virgil, 84. 4. cy." But this is a mistake. For it is the same with Schir Wawine, wourthy in wail, Dan. at. Jeg troer at ham vil kom I believe ; that he Half ane span at ane spail, will come. In Isl. ad is sometimes used his ; and also at. Quhare harnes wes hail, Their at ; audiverunt He hewit attanis. sjturdu quod ; they were informed that ; Kristnis. 52. p. Sw. at, id. Ho aest du, at wi Gawan and Gol. iii. 26. maage dem swar Who art gi/wa ; thou, that we may AT A' a an answer ; John i. 22. WILL, vulgar to give Su.-G. att, a conj. corres- phrase, signifying to Lat. iU. will att the utmost that ponding lay tu ijor t/tet; I incline one could wish, . that do you this ; Ihre. Nor was it quite unknown to O. E. writers. Of ATCHESON, ATCHISON, . A billon coin Nebuchadnezzar, Gower : says or rather copper washed with struck an silver, Lyke oxe his mete in the of Of he shall reign James of the value of grasse purchace and ete, VI., Tyll at the water of the heueu eight pennies Scots, or two thirds of an Eng- Hath wasshen hym by seuen. tymes lish penny. Conf. Am. FoL 23. b. " I should think that these which. atchison* approached the AT, pron. That, nearest to the black coin of James III. which we have mentioned before for the Lordingis, now may ye se, ; first whitish colour, which That folk discovers itself yone all, throw sutelte, in these atchisons, seems to indicate Schapis thaiiu to do with that are slycht, they mixed with a little silver, or laid over That at thai drede to do with mycht with that metal." Rudd. Introd. to Anderson's Barbour, ii. 325. MS. Diplom. p. 137. I drede that his will ken an gret wassalage, "They by Atchison, if the priest will And his trawaill, till take an may bring end offering ;" S. Prov. p. 72. That at " Ramsay's men quhile full litill wend. An Atcttison is a Scotch coyne worth fower Bodies :" Barbour, vi. 24. MS. Gl. Yorks. send Clandyus Wespasyane Bp. Nicolson writes Atfheson, and \\ \ tht tliat to fecht or erroneously sup- Kyng trete, poses this coin to be the same as that kind of black Swa that for luwe, or than for threte, money coined by James III. Scot. Hist. Lib. 314. Of fors he suld pay at he awrlit. p. But it would that Rudd., when to v. 3. 89. appear adverting Wyntoum, the mistake of falls into Nicolson, another still greater. Thair man that had in the For he day nierket bene : says, "It is that a which was On Wallace knew incredible, coin, this cairfull cass so kene. in value the of a His fourth part penny, in the time of mastyr speryt, quhat tithingis at he saw. James should III., thereafter rise to ei

But the accurate Kudd. has not observed, that the It also occurs in the form of achil, achill. penny mentioned in Acts Ja. III. c. 9., to which four Thairfore thai counsell the Pape to wryte on this wys, of these copper coins are reckoned equal, is a silver To the achil Emprour, souerane in sale. penny, although perhaps of inferior quality. For then Ibid. i. 22. as to Thair the so on the mode of reckoning by pennies Scots, referring was Egill grym, grettest ground is, Achill most awfull in erd. copper coin, had not been introduced. The Atchesm, Emproure our all, Ibid. ii. 1. however, was only equal to eight of these copper pennies. But in both places it is athill in Bannatyne MS. its from one Atkin- It is This coin received denomination also used as a substantive ; sometimes aspira- son, an Englishman, or, as his name was pron. in S., ted hathill, hathel, plur. hatkeles ; elsewhere without Atcheson. He was assay-master of the Mint at Edin- the aspirate, achilles, plur. for athilles. in the of the of James VI. Mr. burgh, beginning reign His name and his nobillay wes noght for to nyte : Pinkerton calls the coin Atkinson, Essay on Medals, Thair wes na hathill sa heich, be half ane fute hicht ii. p. 111. But it was always pron. as above. This Oawan and Ool. iii. 20. D. G. R. coin bore the royal arms crowned, Jacobus With baith his handis in haist that haltane couth hew, Sco. R. Oppid. Edinb.; A leaved thistle crowned. Gart stanys hop of the hathill that haltane war hold. i. 21. V. Cardonnel, Billon Coins ; Plate Fig. Ibid. 25. Thus that hathel in high withholdes that hende. in the at AT E'EN, evening ; Saturday e'en, Sir Oawan and Sir Gal. ii. 28. " pron. as if Saturday teen, Saturday evening, Hathel in high," very noble person. The birdes in the bowes, That on the goost glowes, "Aye, Sir, he's at hame, but he's no in the house : Thai skryke in the skowes, he's ay out on Saturday at e'en." Guy Manuering, ii. That hatheles may here. 259. Ibid, i. 10. " All thus thir achilles in hall herlie remanit, But come, I am losing my Saturday at e'en." Ibid. With all welthis at wiss, and wirschip to waill. p. 281. Houlate, iii. 17. athilles, MS.

iii. 10. CITHARIST. t ATHARIST, Houlate V. The letter has been mistaken for c, from the great similarity of their form in the Bann. and other MSS. s. Oath atliis. ATHE, AITH, ; plur. It is, indeed, often impossible- for the eye to discern All the Lordis that thar war any difference. To thir twa wardanys athis swar, Mr. Pinker-ton inquires if achill means high ? He has Till in has not adverted obey them lawte, nearly hit on the signification ; but to be. Giff thaim hapnyt wardanys either to the origin, or to the true orthography, which xx. 146. MS. Barbmir, might have led him to the other. He swore the gret aith bodely, This word, whether used as an adj. or . is evidently

suld hald alle : That he lelely the same with A.-S. aethel, nobilis. Hence the desig- That he had said in-to that quhile, nation, Aetheling, a youth of the blood royal, as Kdgar But cast of fraud or gyle. ony Atheling ; and the phrase mentioned by Verstegan, Wyntown, ix. 20. 85. aethelboren man, a man nobly born, also, a gentleman ' ' remember we have maid to our We quhat aythe by birth. Lord Hailes has justly observed that "the Knox's Hist. 164. comoun-welthe. p. Anglo-Saxons, as well as other nations, formerly used A.-S. Isl. Su.-G. Moes-G. aith, Precop. et/i, ath, aed, the word Aetheling, to denote men of the noble class, Alem. Germ, id. V. Ed Ihre. ed, Dan. Belg. eed, eid, ; although it may by degrees have been appropriated to Belg. eed has been traced to Heb. my, eeda a sworn the sons of the royal family." Annals, i. 7. That it a one under oath. was at length appropriated in this manner, seems testimony ; 1J>, eed, witness, especially pretty clear. Geonga aetheling is equivalent to, regius s. The ii. 12 iii. 21. ATHER, adder, Clydes. juvenis, Bed. ; Su.-G. adel also signifies nobilis, as well as praeci- ATHER-BILL, s. The dragon-fly, Clydes. puus, praestans. Ihre derives it from aedel, edel, which, with its ally aett, in the ancient dialects or s. The name equally ATHEK-, NATTER-CAP, given of the Gothic, denoted kindred, as did also C. B. eddyl. to the dragon-fly, Fife. He founds this derivation on the following circum-

stance ; that those who were not noble, or Free, were Either. as as ATHER, conj. not considered having any pedigree ; just slaves, " This kind of torment quhilk I call a blind torment, among the Romans, were supposed to propagate, not ather it is intended in ane high degree, or then it is for themselves, but for their masters. As Goth, and C. B. edel to Lat. it is remitted that they may suffer it." Bruce's Eleven corresponds gens, cognatio ; to confirm this that Fr. Gentil- Serm. 1591. Sign. Z. 2. a. thought derivation, homme, E. Gentleman, consonant to Aethel, adel, have with A' THE TEER, scarcely, difficulty, their origin from Lat. gens, gentilis. Hisp. hidalgo, a " " has been rendered hyo de algo, i.e. the Can you lift that ?" A. It's a' the teer," gentleman, q. son of some one. But Camden observes with more S. ' ' probability, when speaking of Mhding ; Hence also This is evidently a corr. of the words all that ever. the Spaniards, which descended from the German- " that tout or tout to have borrowed their All euer," [Fr.] tanque, quanque ; Goths, may seem Idalguio, by Palsgr. F. 456, a. which word they signify their noblest gentlemen." Remains, Names, vo. Ethelbert. According to an ATHIL, ATHILL, HATHILL, adj. Noble, author quoted by Ihre, among the Goths in the middle illustrious. ages, heden, as synon. with gentilis, was often used to denote a nobleman or gentleman. The Paip past to his place, in his pontificale, Loccenius thinks that this term owe its The athil Emprour annon nycht him neir. may origin, either to or Kings and Patrearkis, kend with Cardynnallis all, adel, odul, proper hereditary possession ; to Addressit thame to that dess, and Dukis so deir. or attel, aft, kind, generation ; Autiq. Suio-Goth. Houlate, iii. 4. p. 63. ATH [73] ATH

Wachter derives Oerm. adtl from father. For sound more artte, liquid ; especially as the letter I, in the is but illustrious ? Gothic what, says he, nobility, ancestry dialects, is, as Wachter observes, a very ancient Hence, he observes, among the Romans, those were note of derivation and diminution ? accounted noble whose forefathers had discharged the I shall only add, that the Anglo-Saxons formed their higher offices of the state. Thus, they were designed patronymics by the use of the termination ing. Thus patres, and patricu. they said, Conrad Ceoldwald-ing, i.e. Conrad the son Isl. and of audling, rex, audling-vr, optimatnm unus, Ceolwald ; Ceoldwald Cuth-ing, Ceolwald, the son are the of evidently from same source. These, however, Cuth ; Cuth Cut/twin-ing, Cuth the son of Cuthwin. G. Aiulr. derives from riches to become audr, ; audga, V. Camden's Remains, Surnames, p. 132. William rich; attdgur, rich, anciently haudur, also heid. of Malmesbury observes, that the son of Eadgar was Hence, he says, a king is called audling, from the called Eadgaring ; and the son of Edmund, Edmundiny. abundance of his a et census Lex. Hickes has riches, copia opum ; given various instances of the same kind ; 19. as the son of p. Pudding, Putta ; Bryning, the son of Su.-G. adling, juvenis nobilis, corresponds to A.-S. Bryna, &c. Dissert. Ep. ap. Wachter, vo. Ing. V. aetheling, eadling; L. B. adeling-us; as these are synon. UDAL LANDS. with L. B. domicellua, clito, abridged from inclytus, and Su.-G. juncker, i.e. young lord. Only, the terms allied ATHILL, HATHII.L, s. A prince, a noble- to were not so much restricted in dialect aetheling any man, an illustrious V. the as in A.-S. personage. adj. Various theories have been given as to the formation ATHYE, 1. Either, whichso- of the term aetheling or adeling. Spelman says that the ATHIR, pron. Anglo-Saxons used the termination ling to denote pro- ever. geny, or as It has been also signifying youn/jer. sup- The justyng thus-gate endyt is, that in this has the sense of posed, liny, composition, And athyr part went hame wyth pris. imago, q. the image of a noble person. To both these, Wyntown, viii. 36. 2. Lord Hailes prefers the hypothesis of Papebroch, Vit. " 2. S. Marg. that ling is the mark of the adjective in the Mutual, reciprocal. Northern as ori- languages ; Nortllng, borealis, ostling, "Oftymes gret feliciteis cumis be contentioun of un- entalis." " he "is the and the Add," adds, noun, ling happy parteis invading othir with athir injuries, as Hence is the noble. adjective. Edgar Aedeling, Edgar happmnit at this tyme be this haisty debait rising be- There are many examples of this in modern English. tuix Duk Mordo and his sonnis." Bellend. Cron. B. Thus, from the noun hire, merces, is formed the ad- xvi. c. 20. jective hireling, mercenarius." Annals, ubi sup. The learned is writer undoubtedly mistaken, in ATHIK UTHIK, one another, each other. saying that ling is the mark of the adjective in the How that Eneas wyth hys fader met, Northern languages. For it is indeed the mark of And athir vOrir wyth freyndly wourdis gret. a peculiar class of substantives. When this termi- Doug. Virgil, 189, 3. Rulr. nation is affixed to a n. s., it forms a personal de- Mony a wycht and worthi man, signation, expressing the denoted the noun, subject by As athir apon othyr than, as far as it is to a Thus the applicable person. Anglo- War duschyt dede, douu to the ground. Saxons called a husbandman eorthling, because of Barbour, xvi. 164. MS. his labour in the earth; an milling, from oppressor With strookes sore, ayther on other bet. nid force one who received from ; wages hyrling, hyr, Hardyng's Chr. Fol. 38, a. merces. The very term, mentioned by Lord Hailes as an A.-S. aegther, uterque. We find a phrase somewhat example, is properly a substantive used adjectively. similar in Oros. 2, 3. J/eora aegther otherne qfuloh ; This termination also converts an adjective into a sub- Eorum uterque alterum occidebat. V. EITHER. stantive, the which the possessing quality adjective Skinner views the A.-S. word as of as compounded aec, signifies ; Germ, fremdling, a stranger, trorufremd, etiam, and thaer, postea. What analogy of significa- strange ; jungling, a youth, from jitng, young. tion is here, I cannot perceive. It is written more Somner denies that ling denotes offspring or descent. fully aeghwaether. As hwaether signifies uler, E. whe- Wachter adopts the opposite hypothesis, and gives a ther, and the term is used to distinguish different ob- variety of proofs. But there seems to be no satisfac- it jects ; may not have been formed from hwa, qui, tory of the word as used in this sense. etymology and thaer article in the who, the genitive ; aa equiva- While some deduce it from ling, imago, and others lent to which of these, or the mentioned im- from C. B. it of things llun, effigies ; Wachter traces to langen, mediately after ? V. EITHER, Or. tangere, because a man's offspring are so near to him, that they may be compared to objects which are in a 3. Used in the sense of other. state of contact. This etymology, however, is greatly "In this battal was slane Walter Robert strained. Bryde, " with ather 1 men and coinmonis. It deserves observation, that there is no evidence of Cumyn, mony genty Bellend. Cron. B. xv. c. 8. ling occurring in this sense in Su.-G. The inhabitants A.-S. anther, authre, alter, another. of the East are denominated oesterlaenningar, and oesterlig is eastern. Ing, denoting a son, is in Su.-G. the termination which marks descent. This Ihre ATHOL BEOSE, honey mixed with aqua- views as allied to C. B. engi, to bring forth, to be born. vitae in the as a ; used, Highlands, specific The proper origin of this termination most probably is for a S. Meal is sometimes substituted Su.-G. unge, often written ing, ynge, young. Thus cold, Ihre that is nobilis as Germ, for says, Ad/ing juvenis ; ing honey. is juvenis, and, in patronymics, equivalent to eon. "The Captain swallowed his morning draught of From this termination, as used the Germans, the by Athole Brose, and departed." Heart Midloth. iv. 235. descendants of Charlemagne were called Caroling}. In the same manner were the terms Merovingi, Aetimji, ATHORT, prep. 1. Through", S., athwart, E. &c. formed. There can lie no doubt that ing is the "This out to went forth athort proper termination in aethe/inrj, as the radical term is coming light, posts the whole with an information written Mr. atlhel. Shall we suppose that ling is merely this ter- country, by a little for the Archibald Johnston ; for to him the prior informations, mination, occasionally altered, making K ATH [74] ATB

both from court and otherways, oft after midnight, are Wallace in fyr gert set all haistely, the and all that was tharin communicated." Baillie's Lett. i. 32. V. THORTOUR, Bryut wp kyrk, ; Atour the roch the laiff ran with gret dyn. adj. Wallace, vii. 1053. MS. 2. Across, S. athwart, E. 2. Across. S. It is used in the same sense as an adv. Scho tuk him wp with outyn wordis mo, And on a caar wnlikly thai him oast : adv. Abroad, far and wide. Atour the wattir led him with gret woo, ATHORT, Till hyr awn houss with outyn ony hoo. in the name of the "There goes a speech at/wrt, Wallace, ii. 263. MS. Duke of Lennox, dissuading the King from war with 3. as to time us." Baillie's Lett. i. 83. Beyond, ; exceeding. "Gif the King possesse the lands perteining to the and adv. Without, Fife. ATHOUT, prep, manslayer, in respect of the minority of the overlord, of and a and to V. BETHOUT. attour the space ane year day ; happin giue and dispone the lands as escheit, to any man ; he, adv. Dumfr. sail sa ATHRAW, Awry ; Ayrs., to quhom they are given, possesse them, lang as the lives." Att. c. 18. s. 4. Shouther your arms. had them on tosh, man-slayer Quon. And not athraw. Mayne's Siller dun, p. 20. 4. Exceeding, in number. From a, or rather A.-S. on, and thraw-an, torquere. Thai ware twenty full thowsand,

s. odd sort of That come in Scotland of men ; ATICAST, A silly, helpless, Inglis Aud noucht attoure aucht thowsand then Shetl. person ; Of Scottismen to-gyddyr syne thame at Isl. atkast signifies insultatio, obtrectatio, summum Agayne gaddryd Roslyne. scomma. Shall we trace the term to this source, as Wyntown, viiL 16. 234. denoting an object of ridicule or contempt ? Skinner derives this from Fr. A tour, en tour, more commonly a Ventour, circum. But according to Diet. s. mixed with ATIR, EATIK, Gore, blood, Trev., alentour is now obsolete, and instead of it autour matter coming from a wound. is used as a prep, in the same sense. It seems doubt- ful, however, whether it is not of Goth, Of his E dolpe the flowand blude and atir immediately We it of Su.-G. de- He wosche away all with the salt watir. origin. might suppose comp. at, motion towards a and over or Doug. Virg. 90. 45. noting place, ofwer ; per- haps, notwithstanding the change of the vowel, from Cruorem, Virg. A.-S. ute and ofer. A.-S. ater, aetter, aettor, Alem., eitir, Isl., and Germ, Su.-G. venenum. But eiter, etter, Belg. eyter BY AND ATTOUR, prep. Besides, over and signifies pus, sanies. It seems to be generally admitted is root above, S. by philologists, that Alem. eit-en, to burn, the ; because the most-of poisonous substances are of a hot "There oame warrant from about 29 earls and lords, and burning quality. Hence Su.-G. etternassla, urtica by and attour barons, burgesses, &c., signifying through urens, or burning nettle. Alter still signifies purulent all Scotland to thir covenanters the great danger they matter, Lincolnsh. were in for religion." Spalding, i. 103. "Both Aberdeens were ordained to furnish ont adv. In twain. ATO, (by and attour the footmen ) the furniture of six rick- To the stifles he gedfi, masters," &c. Ibid. i. 230. And even ato hem schare. " of I'll do this attour i.e. Sir Tristrem, p. 31. st. 45. 5. In spite ; as, ye," A.-S. on twa, in duo. in spite of all resistance on your part, Mearns. ATOMIE, s. A skeleton, S.; evidently corr. from anatomy. ATOUR, ATTOUR, adv. 1. Moreover. " hear sermons but Many folk sermon, yea, many ; "Attour, the King shall remain in thy government ' are like those folk that died the they poor by dyke and keeping, till he come to perfect age." Pitscottie, side not since in some of remembrances : long your p. 13. a of famine the more did when there was kind ; they Attour, behald to athir Decius, eat, they grew like atomiesor skeletons." Serm. affixed And standyng fer of tua that hait Drnsus. to Soc. Contendings, p. 111. Doug. Virgil, 195. 11. In the same sense by and attour often occurs in our ATOUR, s. laws. The schipmen, with gret apparaill, till assaill 2. or at indefinite distance Come with thair schippis ; Out from, an from With top castell warnyst weill, the or the of. Off wicht men armyt in to steill. person speaking, object spoken Thair batis wp apon thair mast Bot gif my power not sufficient be, Or suld I drede or Drawyn weill hey, and festnyt fast, grete yneuch, quhy spare To forsoith attour ? And pressyt with that gret .atour, purches help alquhare 1. Towart the wall : hot the gynour Doug. Virgil, 217. in with a stane. Hyt the aspyne Attour alquhare is meant to give the sense of us- xvii. 717. MS. Barbour, quam. In this sense it is still used. To stand at- Early editors have taken the liberty of substituting tour, is to keep off; to go attour, to remove to some auenture. But atour seems with S. gret synon. ' gret ap- distance, paraill, ver. 711. 0. Fr. atour, attire. Signifioit autrefois tout ce qui servoit i orner et a parer une ATRY, ATTRIE, adj. 1. Purulent, contain- femme. mundus muliebris Diet. Trev. Ornatus, ; matter to a sore that is can- ing ; applied ATOUR, ATTOURE, prep. 1. Over, S. kered. S. ATR [75] ATT

" The kinde of the disease, as ye may gather out of "Quhilk ordinar juges, &c. salhave power to at- that verse, was a pestileutioua byle, ane attrie kind teiche and arreist the personis transgressouris of the said actis." Acts Ja. Ed. of byle, stryking out in many heades or in many plukes ; VI. 1581, 1814, p. 226. for so the nature of the word signifieth." Brace's *. This of Kleven Serm. Fol. 1, b. This is rendered mcUterie, in ATTEILLE, ATTEAL, species the Kng. edit. duck seems to be the wigeon, being distin- full of matter to Belg. etterig, "; eiter-en, suppurate. guished from the teal. As we have here the phrase, ane attrie kind of byle," it Dr. Edmonstone is of this "Anas corresponds to Su.-G. etterbold, ulcua ureas ; Dire, fully opinion, vo. Etter. Ferina (Lin. Syst.), A-teal, Pochard, Great-headed Wigeon." Zetl. ii. 255. He views the Teal as the Anas 2. Stern, grim. Querquedula. According to Mr. Low, it is different from both the Black hairy warts, about an inch between, wigeon and the teal. Speaking of the latter, he says : O'er ran her airy phiz beneath her een. " Besides this I have seen another bird of the teal- Ross's Hdenore, p. 86. kind here called Alteal. It is found in our lochs in An* bein bouden'd wi' wrath, up is or numbers in winter ; very small, brown Wi' atry face he ey'd and a but I have not The Trojan shore, an' a' the barks ntty above, yellowish belly ; been able to of so as to distin- That tedder'd fast did ly procure specimens it, the coast. it Fauna Orcadensis, 145. Alang guish" properly." p. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 1. They discharge any persons quhatsomever, with- in this realme in any wyse to sell or buy any Attern, fierce, cruel, snarling, ill-natured ; Glou- cest. Grose's Prov. Gl. Termigants, wyld Dukes, Tellies, Atteilles, Gold- This allied to Lat. ings, Mortyms, Schidderems, Skaildraik, Herron, might seem more ater, gloomy ; or sik of fowlles, used stormy, raging. But perhaps it is merely a metaph. Butter, any kynde commonly use of in first of to be chased with Halkes, under the paine of ane the term as used sense ; as we speak hundreth be incurred alswell the an angry sore. pounds to Dy buyer as the seller." Acts Ja. VI. 1600. c. 23. Murray. 3. an atiie a fret- " Last or aUeillis 2 wild duckis 4." Peevish, fretful; wamblin, Sept. Widgeons ; ful child Caithn. Dyet Buik of the Kingis lions at Falkland, Edin. Mag. misgrown ; for July 1802, p. 35. The name is still retained in Shetland. "There is a *. l. ATRYS, P large species called the Stock-duck, and smaller species In a satire on the change of fashions, written per- called teales and altilea." P. Dunrossness, Statist. haps towards the middle of the seventeenth century, Ace. vii. 394. we have a curious list of articles of female dress. Dr seems mistaken, therefore, when, Barry " speak- of the he that of this the Atteal is My lady, as she is a woman, ing Teal, says, Is born a helper to undo man. perhaps only a variety." Hist. Orkney, p. 300. He For she invents a thousand toys, makes the wigeon a different bird; ibid. p. 301. That and and all if house, hold, destroys ; Sir R. Sibb, inquires, the Anas circia, or Summtr As scarfs, shephroas, tuffs and rings, Ttal, be what our forefathers called the A teal? Prodr. Fairdings, and ; facings powderings p. 2. lib. 3. 21. But Pennant suspects that the bird, Rebats, bands and ribands, ruffs, called the Summer Teal, is merely the female of the Lapbends, shagbands, cuffs and muffs, Teal. Zool. ii. 607. Folding outlays [ourlays ?] pearling sprigs, " The teal, according to Pennant, is called Cimbris, Atrys, vardigals, periwigs ; " ibid. 606. In Isl. the tunlus marinus Hats, hoods, wires, and also kells, Atteling-AJid, and smells is denominated Tialldr ; G. Andr. Washing-balls, perfuming ; French-gows cut out, and double-banded, Jet rings to make her pleasant-handed. ATTELED, pret. Aimed. Sir Gawan and A fan, a feather, bracelets, gloves, Sir Gal. ii. 26. V. ETTLE. All new come-busks she dearly loves. For such trim bony baby-clouts . A wicked and Still on the laird she and ATTEMPTAT, injurious greets shouts ; Which made the laird take up more gear, enterprise. Thau all the lands or rigs could bear. " Yit uocht saciat by thir attemptatis they brak Watson's Cott. i. 30. downe the wal of Adryane." Bellend. Cron. B. viii. seems The only word which to have any resem- c. 5. This is the word which he still uses. Fr. at- blance is Fr. a French hood atour, ; Chauc. attour. tentat, id. V. s. ATOUR, It would appear that this term is never used in so indefinite a signification as that of E. attempt. It ATRYST, s. Appointment, assignation. seems always to include the idea of something, if not at least as in its He is sa full of and fals morally evil, physically so, injurious jelosy, ingyne ; In the from Ever imagining in mynd materis of ewill, consequences. passage quoted Bellenden, Compassand and castand castis ane thowsand, the phrase, "Yit nocht saciat oy thir attemptatis," is How he sail tak me with ane trew atryst of ane uther. the version of, Nee his malu et incommodis in nostram Dunbar, Maitlattd Poems, p. 49. gentem, sedata est hostium truculrntia ; Boeth. It occurs in our in relation to the raids Same as TRYST, q.v. frequently Acts, on the Border. "Toansuer ffor nocht assi stand at ATTAMIE, . Skeleton, S. personaly dais of Trewis haldin be the said wardane for refor- Abbreviated from Fr. anatomic, which not de- only mationne of oMemptatui to be maid & ressauit for iim- notes dissection, but the subject; "a carcasse cut " tuale obseruatioune of pece & trewis laitly contractit, up," Cotgr. &c. Acts Ja. V. 1526, Ed. 1814, p. 303. It is not with that the to be maid, To v. a. To LL. atfemptatis phrase, ATTEICHE, attach; is immediately connected, as if these acts were viewed as passim. future ; but with re/ormatioune. ATT [76] ATW

L. B. attemptat-io, nefaria molitio, scelus, Gall, at- The idea is, that the cold of winter, and want of To. i. 364 Du The food have effect tentat, ap. Rymer, p. ; Cange. pro- such an even on serpents as nearly to of Fr. attentat ia per sense acelus, facinus ; Diet. Trev. change their nature. Although worm be here used in this sense, as well ATTEMPTING, s. Perpetration, commis- as in Isl., in connexion with a word expressive of quality, it may be observed that Moes-G. waurm sion, with used in a bad sense ; of subjoined, a with simply signifies serpent. Atgaf izvis valdufnl synon. Attempted. tntdan ufaro waurme, I have given you power to tread "Yitsindrie wikit personis ceissis not commonlie upon serpents, Luke x. 9. Su.-G. and Dan. arm in thair priuate revenge to hoch and slay oxin and has the same signification. A.-S. lourm sometimes horses and to hund out bair men and vagaboundis to occurs in this sense. At other times it has an epithet the attempting of sic foul and schamefull enormiteis." conjoined, as fah wyrm, the variegated worm, wyrm- Acts Ja. VI. 1581, Ed. 1814, p. 217. tfirowend, the convolvent worm. More than a mere attempt or endeavour is obviously It appears that the term in some parts of S. still meant. retains this sense. "Above the south entrance of the ancient parish To ATTENE, v. n. To be related to. church of Linton, in Roxburghshire, is a rude piece of sculpture, representing a knight, with a falcon on his "Thai attenit to the partie defendar in als neir arm, encountering with his lance, in full career, a sort or nerrar degreis of that sam sort of affectioun." Acts of monster, which the common people call a worm, or Ja. VI. 1567, App. Ed. 1814, p. 44. V. AFFECTIOUN. " snake." Minstrelsy Border, ii. N. p. 98, 99. V. also Fr. *' attenir a, to be linked, or joyned in con- p. 101. sanguinitie with ;" Cotgr.

ATTIR, s. Proud flesh, or purulent matter ATTENTLIE, adv. Attentively. about a sore, Aberd.; evidently the same "Praying the nobilis to consider attentlie, and with used Gawin v. trewlie juge, our former caussis to proceid of na hat- ATIR, by Douglas, q. " rent, nor intent to move diabolical seditioun. N. Win- s. Arable one yet's Quest. Keith's Hist. App. 226. ATTIVILTS, ground lying year lea, Shetl. Authentic Aberd. ATTENTIK, adj. ; Eeg. The latter part of this word seems originally the same with and A. 1548, V. 20. AVIL AWAT, q. v., used to denote the second crop after lea. But the origin seems very doubtful. ATTER-CAP, ATTIRCOP, s. 1. A spider, S. The pratling pyet matches with the Musis, ATTOUR, prep. V. ATOUK. Pan with I Apollo playis, wot not how ; The attircops Minerva's office usis. ATWA, adv. In two, These be the greifs that garris Montgomrie grudge, Clydes. That Mydas, not Mecaenas, is our judge. AT adv. Montgomery, MS. Chron. S. P. iii. 505. ATWEEL, WELL, Truly, assuredly, S. corr. from / wat i.e. I wot well. 2. An ill-natured of weel, person ; one a virulent or I mind it well enough, and well I may, malignant disposition, S. At well I danc'd wi you on your birth day. JRoss's Northumb. id. Cumb. Helenore, p. 21. aitercop, attercob, a spi- " Atweel I would fain tell him." iii. der's web. A.-S. atter coppe, Aelfr. atter-coppa, Antiq. 214. aranea It is sometimes abbreviated to 'Tweel. ; evidently from atter, veuenum, and copp, oalix its ; receiving denomination partly from its form, and from its character a AT S. V. partly ; q. cup of venom. In WEEN, prep. Between, ATWEESH. Aelfric's Gloss, we find fteonde naeddre, i.e. a flying adder, given as synon. with atter coppe. For the word ATWEESH, prep. 1. Betwixt. adder is used as a de- merely atter, aetter, venenum, As far as I ween, for that of the signation species serpent. Hence same They'll nae be angry they are left alane. term is explained by Somn. adder and In Isl. Atweesh themselves best can ease their poyson. they pain ; the name of a serpent is formed in the same manner as Lovers have ay some clatter o' their ain. that of in a spider A.-S. This is eitr-orm, a poisonous Shirrefs' Poems, p. 33. worm. It does not that in A.-S. aetter appear was Mr. Tooke observes that E. betwixt "is the imper- used in with worm. composition wyrme, We find, ative be, and the Gothic [i.e. Moes-G.] twos, or two." a for a in however, synon. designation serpent old E. Divers. Purley, i. p. 405. which has been overlooked by both Skinner and Twos is the accus. of two,, twai. But the terminations Junius. This is worme. wyld 'of the A.-S. synonyms, betweolis, betweox, belwux, be- I se the sunne, & the se, and the sonde after, twyx, have no relation to twegen, two, in its state of de- .And where that & beastes makes clension. Wachter views byrdes they yeden ; Germ, zwischen, between, as wormes in & wonderful fowles Wyld woodes, formed from zwi, two, by the intervention of ache, a fleked fethers, and of fell colours. Wyth particle used in derivation. Thus, he says, from kutt- P. Fol. 58. Ploughman, a. en, to cover, kutuche, vehiculum, is formed, &c. V. If the epithet wyld were not reckoned sufficient to Proleg. sect. 6. This idea might seem to have some determine the it would be confirmed sense, by the collateral support from Franc, tuisc, entuischcm, Belg. circumstance of their being mentioned as inhabitants tttschen, between. of woodes. But the writer afterwards alludes to the 2. noxious quality of these worms: Denoting the possession of any quality, or Wild worms in woods by winters yow greuith, relation to any particular state, in a middling And maketh hem welnyghe meke & milde for defaute, ; Aberd. Atween is used in the same And after thou sendest hern somer, that is hir souerayn ioye way <( sense : Fol. 73, a. Atween the two, ; id. as, How are AU [77] AUC

" " ye the day ? Only atween the twa," i.e. AVALOUR, *. Avail. so so in of S. " only respect health, These That the saidis precept is be of als grete strenthe, are often and avalour, and effecte, as thai ware directe to Jhone conjoined ; as, Atweesh atween, abbot of Paslay, now keper of the privay sele." Acts so so, Aberd. Mary 1542, Ed. 1814, p. 424. 1. like ha E. as AU, interj. Used expressive To AUALK, v. n. To watch.

' ' of S. Dan. oh ; of declairis the surprise, au, expressive He planelie, that cure of the vniver- pain. sal kirk appertems to him, and that he is put as in the vatche, to aitauc ouer the hail kirk." Nicol Burne, 2. As augmenting the force of an affirmation F. 89, a. or A.-S. awaecc-an, negation ; as, Au aye, O yes; Au na, O vigilare.

no ; Aberd. In the counties towards the To v. a. AVANCE, To advance ; Fr. south, or ou is used. avanc-er.

adv. 1. all as "The saidis prelatis avamit to said Lord- AVA', Of ; arrange- my denoting Governour thair of the said Androis-Messe ment or in connexion with or partis place, first Terme." Sed'. Counc. A. 1547, Keith, App. p. 55. last, S. s. Fr. His first AVANCEMENT, Advancement, craft, the Blacksmiths, ava, " Led the procession, twa and twa. He is dalie burdynnit & chargit with the avance- Mayne's Siller Gun, p. 22. ment of greit sowmes of monie to his hienes," &c. Acts Ja. VI. Ed. 2. At all. 1594, 1814, p. 78. She neither kent nor v used spinning carding, AVAND, part. pr. Owing ; being Nor nor ava'. brewing baking for w, and vice versa. Song, Rosa's Hdenore, p. 146. " Corr. from ofott. Safere as sal be fundin avand of the saide tochire, the said Robert sail pay the samyn," &c. Act. s. 1. value. AVAIL, AVALE, Worth, Dom. Cone. A. 1488, p. 93. "That all pecuniall paines of offenders sal be taken A s. vaunt. up in gold and siluer at the avail of the money quhen AUANT, WANT, Boast, the actes were made," &c. Acts Ja. VI. c. 70. Agyt men of the ciete Aurunca " auant forsoith than hanl I To preif the avale of certane bullatia, poulder, and Wyth grete sa, Of this cuntre Schir Dardanus pilkis [pikes ?] & wagis [wedges] of irne." Aberd. Reg. ybore, Throw out the se socht fer and ferthermore. A. 1548, V. 20. Doug. Virgil, 212. 30. 2. Means, property. Skinner mentions a conjecture, which has consider- " able that this word has had its Order for Garrisons in the Border, and that the probability ; origin from Fr. before as avant, ; denoting the conduct of a Sheriffs tax and return mens avails for bearing the man who prefers his own works to those of another. charge." Stewart's Abridgm. S. Acts, p. 102. It would seem, indeed, that there had been an old Fr. ' AVAILL, s. Abasement, humiliation. verb of this form, as Chaucer writes avaunt for boast. Gower does the same. The labour lost, and leil service ; The lang availl on humil wyse, Whereof to make myn avaunt It is to reason accordant. And the lytill rewarde agane, For to considder is ane pane. Conf. Am. P. 21. a. b. there also Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 115. He speaks of This term is used to denote the humiliation neces- The vyce called avauntance, in and in sary serving, expecting favours at court. i.e. boasting, in like manner designed avauntry. Fr. to fall to be aval-er, avall-er, down, brought low ; unil, down from Lat. ab alto. s. A certain ; perhaps Ital. avaUre, AVANTAGE, right according to serve, seems nearly to express the idea contained in to the old laws of France. V. EVANTAOE. the passage. AVANTCURRIERS, s. pi. Forerunners of AVAILLOUR, s. Value. " an army, perhaps what are now called Baxteris, Brousteris, &c. sail retain na mair within thair awin housis, to the use and sustentatioun picquet guards. of thair families, than the availlour of iiii. d. for all the "The avantcurriers of the English hoast were come rest sould be commoun to all persounis that lykis to in sight, whitest the Scots were some at supper, and Balfour's buy." Pract. p. 65. others gone to rest." Hume's Hist. Doug. p. 99. Fr. valeur. V. VALOUR. Fr. avant-coureur ; from avant, before, and courir, to run. AVAL, s. The same with Avil, Dumfr. V. AVIL. AUCHAN, ACHAN, s. A species of pear, S. "The Auchan sometimes receives the epithet of v. n. To AUALE, To descend. grey or red; it is an excellent pear, said to be of Scot- tish Neill's Thare was na strenth of vailyeant men to wale, origin." Hortic. Edin. Encycl. No. 113. Nor large fludis on yet that mycht (male. Achan, Reid's Scots Gard'ner. V. LONGUEVILL*. Doug. Virgil, 150. 44. V. AVAILL. Whether this- derivation has been borrowed from the " name of a cannot now be determined. 0. E. id. I niKil' as the water dothe whan it goeth place downe wardes or ebbeth. [Fr.] Jauale. The water s. A at aualeth apace. It is aualyny water, let vs departe." AUCHINDORAS, large thorn-tree, Palsgr. B. iii. F. 155, a. the end of a house ; Fife. AUC [78] AUC

s. of AUCHLET, A measure meal, Wig- AUCHT, s. Possession, property. tons., Aberd. And I thar statutis and sere lawis thayra taucht, " Assiguand ilkane houses and aucht. Old Creadie himself has often bought oatmeal at propir Doug. Virgil, 72. 4. sevenpence the auchlet, a measure which usually con- " Here the word denotes that which tained two pounds more than the present stone does. strictly property is defined as one's own corre- Caled. Mercury, 1 Nov. 1819. by law, exclusively ; to, Jura dabam. Lab. 3. From audit, eight, and lot, A.-S. Met, sors; like S. sponding domosque Virg. v. 139. firlot, fyrlet, fromfeird fourth, and lot. At two pecks to the stone, the auchlet, making allowance for the dif- Ane evill wyfe is the werst aucht, That man can haif ference of weight in different counties, is merely the ony ; For he nevir sit in saucht, half of the firlot, or the aucht lot or portion of a boll. may Onless he be hir sklaif. Bannatyne Poems, p. 176. st. 6. AUCHLIT, s. Two stones weight, or a peck This phrase, the werst aucht, contains an obvious re- measure, half of the bu- being Kirkcudbright ference, in the way of contraposition, to that well shel known in our old the best ; Galloway. laws, aucht, as denoting the most valuable thing of one kind that any man pos- To AUCHT, v. a. 1. To own, to be the The term is still in the same owner of, Aberd. V. AIGH, and AIGHT. commonly used, nearly manner. 1 haifna a bawbee in aw my aucht, S. I have 2. to be indebted to used in a literal no in To owe, ; money my possession. sense. A.-S. acht, id. Moes-G. aigin, aihn, peculiaris ac both from their " propria possessio ; respective verbs, cattell and that cumis to the fair and The gudis ag-an and aig-an. merkat of the burgh of Edinburgh, aucht na cuttume to the Schiref of bot the Provest as Schi- BAD a bad to Edinburgh ; AUGHT, property, applied an ref of the burgh of Edinburgh aucht and sould have obstinate ill-conditioned child, S. the custume of all the said cattell and gudis cumand to the merkat." A. Balfour's Pract. 84. 1487, p. BONNY AUGHT, a phrase applied to a person Here the verb is used in two different evidently S. B. senses. In the first of these, it most frequently occurs contemptuously, kent the as a participle, auchtand. Ay auntie, gin ye bonny aught ! 'Tis she had of warld's a true, gear fraught ; But what was that to and at AUCHT, AWCHT, pret. of Aw. 1. Possessed. peace saught hame, And whilk is warse, to kirk and market shame The barnage of Scotland at the last Ross's Helenore, p. 35. Assemblyd thame, and fandyt fast To ches a thare land to Kyng stere, AUCHT, part. pa. Owed. That of auncestry cummyn were "Anentthe fee aucht to said Of Kyngis, that aucht that reawte, the Patrik, that the ressavour him sa is And mast had rycht thare kyug to be ! pay mekle as awing him." Act. Wyntown, viii. 2. 9. Com. Cone. A. 1472, p. 16. It is used in this sense by R. Brunne, p. 126. S. In his sextend yere Steuen that the lond auht, AUCHT, adj. Eight ; Maid scho died here, hir soule to God betauht. And thai for gret specyaltfe Rade forthwart In Su.-G. there are three synon. verbs, correspond- wyth hym apon way Hym til Berwyk til couway ing to our aw, aiijh, and aucht. These are ae, aagh-a, Wyth aucht hundyre speris and ma. and att-a, which not only signifies possidere, but debere. Wyntown, ix. 4. 57. Han bar som atta; Ita se gerebat ut debebat; Loccen. Lex. Jur. Su.-G. Auhte, id. 0. E. The date was a thousand & fourscore & auhte. 2. indebted. Owed, was ft. Brunne, p. 84. For law or than for threte, Moes-G. ahtau, .A.-S. eahta, Germ, ahl, Belg. acht, Of fors he suld pay at he aucht. Isl. Su.-G. atta, Gael, ocht, id. v. 3. 89. Wyntown, To this word we must, in all probability, refer a in It also occurs in this sense, R. Brunne, p. 247. passage one of Dunbar's poems, left by Mr. Pinkerton as not understood. It is to under- The dettes that men them auht, ther stedes & ther wonyng, impossible, indeed, stand as it Were taxed & bitauht to the eschete of the kyng. it, appears in the poem. Kirkmen so halie ar and gude, AUCHT, v. imp. Ought, should. That on their conscience rowne and rude turn aucht and ane wane Aucht thou yit than leif this welfare and joy, May opin ; to considder is ane And in sic perell seik throw the sey to Troy ? Quhilk pane. Maitland 116. Doug. Virgil, 110. 33. Poems, p. The first line is the of This is originally the pret. of Aw, q. v. It is some- evidently language irony. times used in a different form. Aucht cannot be meant in the sense of any thing, E. aught ; for it is not used in this sense our old Weill auchtis th4 to glore and magnifie. by writers. can as little for then the Police of Honour, Prol. st. 10. Opin signify open ; passage would be without meaning. It must i.e. It becomes thee well. certainly be viewed as an error of some transcriber for ousen. Auckten is used in a similar sense. Making this supposition, the sense is obvious. The Wele auchten eldaris exemples vs to stere conscience of a churchman, in that age of darkness, Til hie al honour til curage, ensew, was so round, or perhaps rowme, large, and so rude, of we consider thereof Quhen quhat wourschip grew. such hard materials, that eiyhl oxin, with a wain, might Doug. Virgil, 354. 9. turn on it. A carriage, called a wain, drawn by six It seems to be from A.-S. ahton, the third p. plur. or eight oxen, is still much in use in the Northern pret. of A.-S. Ag-an. parts of S. AUC [79] AVE

weir and sic landis and as ar now AUCHTAND, AUCHTEN, adj. The eighth. pake, lordschipis presentlie in his handis that ar nocht auuext of befor." The prolong of the anchtande buk Acts Ja. V. 1540, Ed. 1814, 360. In-to this chapter now yhe luke. p. Wynlown, viii. Ruhr. " 2. Aventure, a mischance causing the death Unto Enee geuis the auchten buke of a man as where a is Baith f'allowschip and armoure, quha list luke. ; person suddenly Doug. Virgil, 12. 43. killed by any accident." Spottiswoode's MS. This does not correspond to the ordinal numbers Diet. used in Moes-G. and A.-S., ahtuda and eaJUeotha. But Mr. refers to Isl. aatunde, id. Su.-G. Macpherson IN AVENTURE. adv. Lest, perchance. atting is the eighth part of any thing. "The medcinaris inhibit thir displesouris to be schawin to the in Kyng ; aventure he tuk sic malan- AUCHTIGEN, AUCHTIKIN, s. The eighth " coly thairthrow, that it mycht haisty him to his deith. of a or the half firkin a term part barrel, ; Bellend. Cron. B. 11, c. 4. Ne forsitan, Boeth. Fr. formerly used Aberd. a /'nn ntuff, d'aventure, perchance. From aucht eighth, and ken or kin, the Teut. termi- nation generally used in the names of vessels, as Icin- AVER, AVIR, AIVER, s. 1. A horse used &c. deken, for labour, a cart-horse, S. "This man wyl not obey chargis, he be AUCTARY, s. Increase, augmentation. my quhill riddin with ane mollet brydyl. Nochtheles, I sail gar "David Mackaw mortified 1200 merks, for main- hym draw lik an avir in ane cart." Bellend. Cron. tenance of 2 bursars beside the like ; sum, an large B. xii. c. 6. auctary to the Library." Craufurd's Univ. Edin. p. 137. 2. An old horse, one that is worn out with Lat. auctari-um, advantage, overplus. labour, S. This, although now the common is as signification, evidently improper ; ap- AUCTENTY, adj. Authentic. " pears from the epithet auld being frequently Our said souerane lord gaif commande to the said maistere James Foulis to geif out the auctenty copy conjoined. of the saidis domes of forfaltour." Acts Ja. V. 1540, Suppois I war ane aid yaid aver, Ed. 1814, p. 361. Schott furth our cleuchis to squishe the clevir, I wald at You! be housit and staid. MaMand 112. AUDIE, s. "A careless or stupid fellow;" Gl. Dunbar, Poems, p. Surv. Nairn. Yet aft a ragged cowte's been known To mak a noble aiver : This, although merely a provincial term, seems of So, ye may doucely fill a throne, and is For a' their clish-ma-claver. great antiquity ; most probably allied to Isl. Su.-G. Teut. facilis iii. 96. and, od, oed, ood, ; q. a man of an Burns, easy disposition, one who may be turned any way. "An inch of a nag is worth a span of an aver." Kilian renders ood, vacuus, inanis, vanus. The Isl. Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 14. term is used in a form as aud- L. B. vel cavalli frequently composite ; a/eri, affri, jumenta colpnici, to trow or believe : true, credulus, easy ; audginnlur, equi agricultural; idonei unde forte quaevis bona facilis ; &c. It is dicta sunt vox traducta deceptu audkendur, easily known, affaria ; quae ad negotia, the radically same with A.-S. aeth, eat/i, easy, S. e'Uh. Gallis affaires. Averia, averii, equi, boves, jumenta, oves, ceteraque animalia, quae agricultural inserviunt. To AVEY, v. n. Du Cange. Hence, as would seem, O. E. auere was " used to denote And our souerane lord will causa his aduocatis to riches. be present the said day to avey for his interess in the The maister of ther pedaile, that kirkes brak and brent, said In suilk felonie auere. matter." Act. Dom. Cone. A. 1492, p. 249. gadred grete R. 124. Perhaps allied to Fr. advoyer, an overseer, an advo- Brunne, p. cate or rather to V. A ic.M. K. ; L. B. avoi-are, actionem intendere, movere ; Carpentier. 3. This name is given, in Sutherland, to a AVENAND, adj. Elegant in person and gelded goat. manners. "Horses, of the best kind, draw from L.4 to L.6 with 5s. from 3s. to Thau Schir Gauane the gay, grete of degre, Sterling ; goats kid, ; yell goats, Schir i.e. from 5s. to 6d." And Lancelot de Lake, withoutin losing. 4s.; avers, gelded he-goats, 6d. 6s. And avenand Schir Ewin thai ordanit : that thre P. Kildonan, Statist. Ace. iii. 408. To the schore chiftane chargit fra the kyng. Oawan ana Ool. ii. 3. AVERIL, S. He wes and yhoung, avenand, Thou scowry hippit, ugly averii, And til all lordis rycht plesand. With hurkland banes ay howkand throu thy hide. vi. 13. 161. Wyntovm, Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 57. st. 18. Fr. advenant, handsome courteous. " avenant, ; also, Ramsay renders this senseless fellow," as if it were luiver'd, from haver, q. v. Had Dunbar heard his lan- A s. VENTURE, V. AUNTER. 1. Chance, guage explained in this manner, he would undoubtedly have returned the to the critic with full interest. accident. In all aventouris and caiss, in gloss From the rest of the it is evident that case that description, every may happen. this is a " diminutive from aver, a beast for labour. It is thocht expedient that cure souirane lord, The first epithet, conjoined with aeeril, refers to a suld annex to his crone, for the honorabill support of horse whose hinder quarters are become lank from hard his estate riale, in all aventourie and caiss, baitb. in work. AVE [80] AUL

AVERENE. AVILLOUS, adj. Contemptible, debased. In aviUous "With powar to vptak the tollis, customeis, pryn- Italie, To how ml^ilt, averene entreissilver, gadgeing silver," &c. Acts compt ye coaverss, I for ChSha. I. Ed. 1814, V. 627. ug villanie, Your vycis to reherss. perhaps, to "money payable for the Equivalent, " Chron. S. P. Hi. 147. into harbour of from Scott, entry of oats the Cromarty ; Fr. in Diet. Trev. aver, oats. For entreissilver seems to be immediately avitt, ie, contemptionem adductus, connected with averene. From avttir, vilescere.

s. Advice. AVERIE, s. Live stock, as including horses, AUISE, I sal schaw he. cattle, &c. Herk, myne auise, quod " Doug. Virgil, 381. 53. Calculation of what money and victuals will year- So thay quhilkis are desyrit peace and rest, sustain their house and averie." furnish and Majesties And for the commoun wele thocht it best was ,

. Keith's Hist. 321. Z* 1565, p. To mak end of the bargane on this wyse, Here it may immediately refer to the expense of the Ar alterit halely in ane vthir auyse. stables. V. AVER, sense 2, etymon. Ibid. 416. 38. The king at his avys sent messengers thre. AVEKILE, AVTRYLE, s. April. R. Brunne. In the moneth of Avyryle syne Chaucer, avis, id. Fr. avis, counsel, advice. Nest eftyr the battayle of Duplyne, Fra Schyr Andrew of Murrawe wes tane, AVYSE, AWISE, s. Manner, fashion. And all his menyl)6 hame had gane, his he stryngis playit ane ; Set he wes takyn a-pon cas, Apoun mony spring and the best Yholdyn to na man yhit he was, Layes rymes apoun awise, And euermare his maiiere and his Quhill he wes browcht in-til presand gyse Was for to blasoun, aud discriue To the Kyng Edward of Ingland. sing, Men and and striue. Wyntown, viiL 27. 3. stedis, knichthede, were, Doug. Virgil, 306. 9. AVERIN, AVEREN, AIVERIN, s. Cloud- "He commandit be general proclamationis al fen- sabyl men to be reddy in thayr best avyse to resist berry, or knoutberry, S. rubus chamsemorus, " thair ennymis. Bellend. Cron. Fol. 8. a. Linn.; eaten as a desert in the North of S. From A.-S. wisa, wise, Alem. uuis, uuisa, Belg. She wins to and makes to foot, swavering gang, wijse, mode, manner ; a being prefixed, which is com- And spies a spot of averens ere lang. mon in A.-S. Moss's Helenore, p. 26. " Hence let them bend their course to Lochnachat, To AVISE, v. n. To deliberate. here and there a of the rubus picking up plant "Gawine Archbishop of Glasgow apponit thaim chamaemorus, (the averan or oidh'rac), and Highland therto, unto the tyme that aue provincial counsel if its fruit be they will find it very ripe, refreshing." might be had to avixe and conclud therupon." A. P. Clunie, Perths. Statist. Ace. ix. 237. 1542, Keith's Hist. p. 37. Its Gael, name is also written Oirak. Averin, perhaps Fr. avis-er, to consider, to advise of. from Germ, aver, wild, and en, which may anciently have a in as in Su.-G. it now signified berry general, AUISMENT, s. Advice, counsel. denotes that of the juniper. "The king sail mak him ansuer with auisment of his counsall." Parl. Ja. I. A. Acts Ed. 4. AVERTIT, part. pa. Overturned. 1424, 1814, p. " Fr. avisement,'L. B. avisament-um, id. His hous to be sa avertit, that of it sail remane na memorie." Bellend. T. Liv. 334. Lat. p. Dirui, AUISION, s. Vision. Fr. evert-ir, Lat. evert-ere, to overthrow. To the Goddes of vildernes, as is vsit, Honest. V. AFALD. Quhilk Hamadriades hait, I wourschip maid, AUFAULD, adj. Beseiking this auisioun worth happy, And the orakil.prosperite suld signify. AUGHIMUTY, AUCHIMUTY, (gutt.) adj. Doug. Virgil, 68. 19. an Loth. Chaucer, id. Mean, paltry ; as, auchimuty body, This may be a vestige of the A.-S. word, which " AWKWART, AUKWART, prep. Athwart, might be left in Lothian, wac-mod, pusillanimis, across. faint-hearted, cowardlie ;" Somiier. from wac, waac, or

and meus : weemoe- wace, debilis, languidus, mod, Belg. As he glaid by, awkwart he couth hym ta, dig. The and arson hi sondyr gart he ga. Wallace, iii. 175. MS. s. of of AUGHT, Of aught, consequence, Ane othir awkwart a large straik tuk thar, importance, Ayrs. Abown the kne, the bayue in soudir schar. " Ibid, a 109. MS. The rest of the year was merely a quiet succession Wallas was glad, and hynt it sone in hand, of small incidents, though they were all severally, no And with the suerd awkwart he him gawe doubt, of aught somewhere." Ann, of the Par. 200. p. Wndyr the hat, his crage in sondir drawe. Ibid. i. 402. MS. AUGHTAND, part. pr. Owing. "That the debtis aughtand be our armie ar AULD, s. Age. be officiaris and soldiouris," &c. ' ' properlie aughtand Mairouir, ane euil toung, specially of ane euil Acts Cha. I. Ed. 1814, V. 347. giffin couusellour, fals prechour or techar, may kendil the hartis of men and wemen to heresie and vthir s. The second after lea or AVIL, crop grass ; syimis, and thairin to remaine fra the tyme of thair Galloway. V. AWAT. youthede, to the tyme of thair auld, sa mekil euil may AUL [81] AUM

spring out fra ane euil toung." Abp. Hamiltoun'a Auld and mow, mouth. Several proper names, of Catechisme, 1551. Fol. 60 a. a similar formation denoting mental qualities, occur in A.-S. aeld, senectus, Moea-G. aids, aetas. V. EILD. Willeram ; as Dmdmunt, verum os, Fridrmuii', pacificum os, Helulmund, strenuum os. Junii Obe. ad Old. V. ALD. AULD, adj. Wilier, p. 5. ap. Wachter.

. The aunt of one's AULD-AUNTIE, AULD SOOCH. V. under SOUCH, . father or mother, Clydes. AULD THIEF, one of the designations given AULD-UNCLE, s. The uncle of one's father to the devil. or mother, Ibid. "Their faces were by this time flushed with shame as well as that should be thus cuffed about Although Uncle and Aunt are not of A.-S. origin, fear, they by these are formed after the idom of that the auld as him." Perils of iii. words language. t/uef, they styled Men, V. AULD-FATHER. Teut. oud-oom corresponds with 38. Auld-uncle, oom being the same with S. EME, EAM. AULD THREEP, a superstition. Dumfr. V. AULD-FAERAN, adj. Sagacious, S. THKEPE, s. These people, right mdd-farran, will be laith To thwart a nation, w,ha with ease can draw AULD-WARLD, adj. Antique, antiquated, Up ilka sluice they have, and drown them a'. S. Ramsay's I'oems, i 55. They tell me, Geordie, he had sic a gift, For there's sae ay something auld-farran, That scarce a starnie blinkit frae the lift, Sae sae and slid, unconstrain'd, darin, But he wou'd some auld wtirld name for't find, In ilka we have seen sample yet, As gart him keep it freshly in his mind. That little better here has been yet. 't'ergusson's Poems, ii. 8. Ibid. ii. 861. AULD YEAR. "Ye're o'er auld-farran to be fley'd for bogles." " ' Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 84. To wauke the auld year into the new,' is a popu- As applied to children, it denotes that they have lar and expressive phrase for watching until twelve sagacity and discretion beyond their years. o'clock announces the new year, when people are ready A. Bor. awl-farand, id. Awdfarrand, grave and at their neighbours' houses with het-jiints, and buttered sober, Gl. Yorks. Ray seems to view farand as ex- cakes, eagerly waiting to be firxt-fvut, as it is termed, pressive of a particular humour, rendering A. Bor. and to regale the family yet in bed. Much care is fighting-farana, "in a fighting humour." Because taken that the persons who enter be what are called man denoted a Lord Hailes renders- Bonnie for on the admission of the first-foot de- farand traveller, folk, " the 's auldfarand literally, an old traveller, but figuratively, pends prosperity or trouble of the year. Cromek a person "sharp or versatile;" Annals, ii. 282. It has Nithsdale Song, p. 46. also been been expl., "beseeming, becoming, behav- AULIN. Scouti-aulin, the ing ;" from Sw. fara, used in the sense of agere ; Dirty Aulin, "Ji'ara ilia, To behave ill." But it corresponds better Arctic Gull. Orkn. Loth. with Hence wel orthum Fara, experiri. farin, eloquent, "An Arctic Gull flew near the boat. This is the bene in loquendo peritus ; lay-faren, skilled in law, species that persecutes and pursues the lesser kinds, juris peritus ; forfarenhet, ; Ihre. Isl. ordi experience till they mute through fear, when it catches their ex- farinn, facundia praestans, 01. Trygguas, S. c. 89. crement ere they reach the water : the boatmen, on skilful Belg. aervaaren, having experience, ; Germ. that account, styled it the dirty Aulin." Pennant's faren, erfahren, experiri. All these words exhibit Tour in S. 1769. p. 78. only a secondary sense of far-a, far-en, ire, profisisci. He speaks of the passage at Queensferry. This of attached to the secondary idea, experience, V. SCOUTIAULIX, & SKAITBIRD. v. to is it primarily signifying yo, very natural ; as is generally supposed, that those who have travelled AULNAGER, . Apparently, a legal far, if they have enriched themselves in no other re- measurer of cloth. spect, have at least brought home with them a con- siderable stock of experience. "Confermes ane gift to the saidis provest of Edinburgh of making of thame overscans of all warkis g. Grandfather a term AULD-FATHER, ; and visitouris, seirchearis, aitlnayerx, and sealleris used by some in the West of S. [sealers] of all cloath, stemming, stuffes and stokkingis maid in the said burgh." Acts Ja. VI. 1621, Ed. 1814, A.-S. eald-faeder, Teut. o\id-rader, id.; avus, Kilian. i. 669. From Fr. aulnage, measuring with au ell ;aulne, Dan. oldfvader, a great grandfather. V. ELD-FAUEK. i';i. B. aln-a, an ell. AULD-HEADIT, adj. Shrewd, sagacious, AULTRAGES, AULTKRAGK, s. pi. The Clydes. Lang-headit, synon. emoluments arising from the offerings made at an or from the rents for AULD LANGSYNE, a very expressive altar, appointed the of it. phrase, referring to that are support days long past, " S. V. under SYNE. That Annuities, Auttragef, Obits and other duties pertaining to priests, be employed to the same use, and to the upholding of schools in the places AULD-MOU'D, adj. Sagacious in discourse; where they lie." Spotswood, p. 109. See also p. 209. sometimes the idea of craft; S. implying L. B. altaragium, alttragium, obvejitio altaris ; Du Bor. C'ange.

-She looks ill to ca', AUMERIL, s. 1. One who has little under- And o'er avld-invti'd, I rt't-il, is for us a'. or method in his Selkirks. JiuKn'y J/flf/i"ir. p. 89. standing, conduct, AUM [82] AVO

2. Often to a Though euery grace aboute sterte, applied mongrel ; perhaps hym dog He woll not ones stere his from no of fote, having steady power instinct, So that by reason lese he mote, Ibid. That woll not aunter for to wynne. Cmif. Am. Fol. 64. b. col. '2. AUMERS, s. pi. Embers. V. AMERIS. Here it is used in a neut. sense. But it also occurs as an active verb. "I I AUMOUS, AUMIS, .. An alms, S. V. AL- aunter, put a thyug in daunger or aduenture, Je MOXJS. [Fr.] aduenture. It is nat best to aunter it. Palssn-. B. iii, f. 155, 156. Fr. Aventur-er, risquer, mettre au Diet. AUNCIETIE, s. 1. Antiquity; time past hazard; Trev. V. ANTER, v. long ago. g. Adventure. "No place thereof salbe withhaldin, fortifeit or AUNTER, garniseit, saiffing the castellis and fortresses that of all Thus to forest they fore, Tlies sterne auncietie hes bene accustomet to be fortifeit and gar- Knights on store. In the of Artlwre dit." Bannatyne's Jounial, p. 352. tyme This aunter betide. Sir 2. Priority in respect of age. Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 29. 1 ' He sende the quene ys word, wuche is antres were, The kingis maiestie, &c. vndirstanding the debait dogter i.e. what were his betwix the burrowis of Perth, Dundee, and Striueling, adventures. Rob. Glouo. p. 35. anent the of thame in thair awin ac- A. Bor. if so be ordering places anawntrins, ; perhaps from an, if, to the auncietie, of the saidis or- and cording burrowis, auntrins, corr. from aunters, which, according to &e. Acts Ja. VI. Ed. 174. is danis, 1579, 1814, p. Ray, also used in the sense of, peradventure. In the Ancie.ntie, p. 357, which points out the origin, Fr. same sense, in aunter is used by Gower. id. anciennete, hert is all Myn enuyous with ; And euer I am adradde of gyle, AUMRIE, AWJIRIE, ,s. 1. A large press or In aunter if with any wyle They her innocence enchaunte. cupboard where food, and utensils for house- myght Cmf. Am. F. 30. a. c. 1. keeping, are laid up, S. Aunteroux, adventurous, Gl. Sibb. Fr. aventure, "Observing the great east-country aurmric drag- nuenture, abbreviated to auntre, ged out of its nook the laird again stared mightily, Palsgrave gives E. aunter as to Fr. ' corresponding and was heard to ejaculate, Hegh, sirs!'" Heart aduentvre, B. iii. f. 18. Mid-Loth, i. 232. This is viewed as to adv. generally peculiar our country. AUNTERENS, Perchance, peradventure ; Dr. Johns, supposes that it is corr. from Almonry. It Berwick. seems more immediately allied to Fr. aumoire, expl. " "a ambrie Awnters, peradventure, or in case; North." Grose. byCotgr. cupboard; ; alms-tub." Skinner views the Fr. term as synon. with armoire ; it tracing To AVOYD of, v. a. To remove from. to Lat. armarium. But aumoire appears to claim more "To avoyd thame of our with thair affinity with aumonerie, the place in monasteries where palace guard and assistars, the promised to us that alms were deposited. In 0. E. ambry denoted "the king keep night in sure guard, and that but compulsion he should cause place where the arms, plate, vessels, and every thing us in Parliament approve all thair Lett belonging to housekeeping, were kept." Jacob con- conspiracies." Q. Mary, Keith's Hist. p. 332. jectures that "the Ambry at Westminster is so called, Fr. vuul-er to to evacuate. because formerly set apart for that use." But this void, seems to have been merely a more lax use of the term. To AVOKE, v. a. To call away, to keep off. The same writer therefore properly enough corrects himself "All were admitted to consultation there- ; adding, "Or rather the Aumonery, from the every Latin anent ; the absence from the consulta- Eleemosynaria ; an house belonging to an abbey, yet weightiest in which the tions of noblemen and and all ministers charities were laid up for the poor." Al- prime barons, it but two, was not much nor their though occurs as alrnari in Celt, and C. B., and amri remarked, presence if their in Ir., this must be ascribed to the introduction of the sought, negligence, or ado's, or miscontent, did oeethem." Baillie's Lett, i. term from the Lat. by early Christian teachers. 183. O. Fr. aumonnerie, office claustral d'une Lat. avoc-o, id. abbaye ; dont le titulaire doit avoir soin de faire les aumones aux AVOW, AVOWE, s. 1. Vow. pauvres ; Roquefort. With wourdis augural, 2. Muckle Eftir aumrie, a figurative expression thare spaying cerymonis diurnal, Vnto to a or the flude anone furth steppis he, applied big, senseless ; stupid, person And of the stremys crop ane litil we Mearns. The idea The wattir liftis into his liandis seems borrowed from an up ; Ful gretumlie the goddis, quhare he standis, empty press. V. ALMERIE. Besekand til attend til his praier, The heuinnys chargeing with fele aumuyis sere. To v. a. to AUNTER, AWNTYR, To hazard, Doug. Virgil, 274. 19. put into the power of accident. Chaucer, id. Doug, also uses the verb in the same last form. At the thair traiss fand thai, That till the Fr. avouer now to confess mekill moss thaim haid, signifies ; although most it That wes swa hidwouss for to waicl, probably formerly denoted vowing. That thaim tliarto durst awntyr nane ; Bot till thair ost 2. declaration in mod. agayne ar gane. Discovery, ; language, Barbour, xix. 761. MS. avowal. Awentur, Pink. edit. This verb occurs frequently At kirk and market when we meet, in 0. E. It is used Chaucer and by Gower. We'll dare make nae avowe, AVO [83] AW

" " But Danie, how goes my guy goss hawk < " " AUTENTYFE, adj. Authentic. Madame, how does in y dow ? I reid nocht this Minstrelsy Border, ii. 86. story autentyfe, I did it leir at ane full auld wyfe. To AVOW, r. a. To devote by a vow. Colkeibie Soic, v. 626. " Tullus awnoit xii preistis, quhilkis war namit s. 1. "AUTHOR, Ancestor, predecessor ; to be dedicate to Mars." Bellend. T. Kalis, perpetualy used in this sense in our old Liv. p. 49. frequently Acts. To Avow, v. n. To vow. " The fourtie schillingland of Rispottage haldiu " ' Tullus attoure avount to big twa tempillis, in the be the said James Maxwell or his aatJioru, &c. Acts honoure of twa namit Palnes and Dredoure." goddis, Ja. VI. 1609, Ed. 1814, p. 444. Bellend. T. Liv. 49. p. L. B. auctor, autor. Autoren dicti qui vel generis vel opum, et honorum parentes aliis fuere. V. Sirmond. . AVOUTERIE, ADVOUTERIE, Adultery, aa SK li HI. I in Cange. Gl. Sibb. I have not observed that it is used in this sense in K. I have not observed this word in any of our S. works. 2. One who legally transfers property to But it is used by O. E. writers. another a forensic S. "Of the herte gon out yvel though tis, man-sleyngis, ; term, Matt. xv. avoutrles,"- Wiclif, "He, who thus transmits a feudal right in his life- 0. Fr. id. ' avoutrie, time, is called the disponer, or author. Ersk. Inst. B. ii. t. 8, sec. 1. AUREATE. AWREATE, adj. Golden. with Lat. L. B. aureat-m. 3. An informer, Aberd. ; synon. Amiddis ane rank tre lurkis a goldin beuch, auctor, a reporter or teller. With aureate leuis, and rtexibil twistis teuch. Doug, rirgil, 167. 42. AUWIS-BORE, s. The circular vacuity left s. A Shetl. or of in AUSKERRIE, scoop, in a pannel piece wood, consequence Oes-kar is the Sw. word which Serenius renders a knot out of S. B. by of coming it, E. scoop: "Haustrum, a bucket, scoop, or pump." According to vulgar tradition, this orifice has been Isl. attsa, also avstur, austr, haustrum, vel situla. Dan. made by the fairies. oene, id. also oesekar; "a wooden bowl, a scoop;" It has, however, been suggested to me by a literary Wolff. The origin is Su.-G. oes-a, also hoa-a, haunre, friend, that, as an orifice of this kind is, in the pro- Isl. aun-a, Dan. oes-er, to draw. Both G. Aiidr. and vince of Moray, denominated an elf-bore, the term Ihre remark the affinity of the Goth, to the Lat. v. in auwis-bore may have been originally the same. This the pret. Aaosi. The same connection appears be- is highly probable. As aelfes or alfes is the genitive tween the . hatwtr-tim and austr. Kar, whence the of A.-S. aelf or alf, auwia-bore may have originally last part of aits kerrie, in Su.-G. signifies vas. Thus been alfen or alven-bor, and gradually softened down the literal sense of aus-kerrie is "a drawing vessel." into the modern pronunciation, from at being sounded as a long, and/ or v as to. V. ELF-BORE. AUSTERN, ASTERNE, ASTREN, adj. 1. " an austere look Whow ! but Having ; as, AUX-BIT, s. A nick, in the form of the he's an Roxb. V. a?*tern-looking fallow," letter V, cut out of the hinder of a AWSTRENE. part sheep's ear, Ayrs. Back-Lit, synon. Clydes. 2. Having a frightful or ghastly appearance. It has been supposed, that this may be q. axe-bit. But I would prefer Moes-G. an/in an ox, as perhaps Aetren is often applied to the look of a dying person, the term was transferred from the herd to the flock ; Selkirks. or aitsa the and Isl. bit-a mordere, " ear, bit, morsus, AUSTIE, adj. Austere, harsh." also secare, to cut. The Wolf this saw and carpand come him till tj. a. owe. With girnand teeth, and angry austie luke, To AW, AWE, To Said to the Thou wrechit Lamb, catyve thing, I mak yow wyss, I aw to mak iia band, How durst thou be so bald to fyle this bruke, Ala fre I am iu this regioun to rj n;.', I suld with fowl! ! Quhair drink, thy slavering Lord off myn awne, as euyr was prince or king. 116. Ilenrysone, Jlanttalyne Poems, p. Wallace, viii. 26. MS. Lord Hailes and others have viewed this as a corr. i.e. I am under no obligation. of austere. A.-S. is from Tent, oslige knotty, ost, otet, "That nane tak vpone thame to be collectouris to a in wood. If we had evidence knot, properly any the Sege of Rome, of na hiear nor greter taxatioun of that had been used as we use ostige metaphorically, Abbaseis, Pryoreis, Prouestreis, na vther or to the to a Bischoprikis, knotty, knotted, applied brow, express beneficis, that awe taxatioun, bot as the vse and cus- sullen or severe we this the look, might suppose origin. tume of auld taxatioun hes bene of befoir, as is contenit But as austere has been corr. in different this ways, in the Prouinciallis btiik, or the auld taxatiouu of Bagi- be may only one variety. V. AWSTRENE. mont." Acts Ja. III. 1471. c. 54. edit. 1566. "The secund command is of the lufe, quhilk we inr AUSTROUS, adj. Frightful, ghastly, Upp. till our nychbour." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, Clydes. 1551. Fol. 38. a. o. Isl. debuit ; A.-S. ahtf, Su.-G. A grousome droich at the benner en' aa, atte, debeo, ag, in its earliest form in Moes-G. oili, Sat on a bink o' Mum-. The word appears been used And a dowie sheen frae his tiustnnts een habeo, (imperf. ai/it-a), which seems to have Gae lieht to the dismal \v;mr. only in the primary sense of possession. V. Aiou, M'ii-i/iini/i-ii l-'.il'm. ri/'tVi/r/c, .I/.-;;. Ma, i 1820. AVCHT. AW [84] AW A

beside one's Aw sometimes occurs as the third pers. sing, AWA' i' THE HEAD, deranged, lioxb. himsell or hersell. of the v.; signifying, owed, ought. self, ; synon. By Tills man went doun, and sodanlye he saw, snell to have been oc- As to hys sycht, dede had him swappyt ; AWAY. This word seems aw. Syn said to thaim, He lias payit at he used as a verb. Wallace, ii. 250. MS. Also, v. 331. casionally Men on ilk sid he uses it in the same sense. 361. 21. gadryt ; Douglas Virg. ii be I trow M. thai mycht ; Here the is used for the past. present improperly And send thaim for to stop the way, It is also used for the second irregularly pers. sing. Qnhar the gud behowyt away. Thow aw this Dog [of] quhilk the tenne is gone. Harbour, x. 16. MS. Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 110. i.e. by which the goods must pass. the to To v. a. To owe. Quliar gnd King behowyt gay. AUCHT, AWCHT, AUGHT, Edit. Fink. Madem, he said, and verite war seyn The same expression occurs, Barbour, xi. 361. MS. That ye me luffyt, I awcht you luff agayn. in a be the Wallace, viii. 1404. MS. And plane feld, way, Quhar he thoucht ned behowyd away The gnd wyf said, Have ye na dreid, The Inglis men, gif that thai wald Ye sail pay at ye audit. Throw the park to the castell hald, Peblis to the Play, st. 11. He gert men mony pottis ma, i.e. that which owe. breid and all tha ye Off a fute round ; have maid to our till a kne "We remember quhat aythe we War dep wp mannys ; comoun-welthe, and how the dewtie we aitc/it to the Sa thyk, that thai mycht liknyt be Till a wax that beis mais. sam compellis us to cry out." Knox's Hist. p. 164. cayme, "He told them roundly, that they were aiightin In edit. Pink., it is to yay ; in edit. 1620, have VMIJ. us the redemption of their liberties, estates, religion, V. also v. 285. xiv. 108. and laws." Baillie's Lett. i. 232. A.-S. aweg, away, may be viewed as the imperat. of This v. is evidently from the pret. of Aw. awaeg-an, to take away, or awegg-an, to depart. I suspect, however, that the verb has been formed from as the is a for All S. the noun ; original composition evidently AW, used ; privative, and weg, way. Now, the noun weg being And he hes now tane, last of aw, the root, it is most natural to suppose that the primary The gentill Stobo and Quintene Schaw, was the noun with the prep, prefixed. Of quhome all wichtis hes pitie. compound Deth of the Makkaris, Bannatyne Poems, p. 77. AWAY-DRAWING, s. The act of drawing It is, Gude gentill Stobo, &c. Edin. edit. 1508. or aside to a stream of off, turning ; applied He writhis and enforcis to withdraw water. The schaft in brokin, and the hede vn/th aw. " of that Doug. Virgil, 423. 19. In the actioune aganis Robert Cochrane i.e. withal. like for the of the watter callit the Kert awaydrau'ing " fra the mylne of Johaestoune, &c. Act. Dom. Cone. A. 318. AWA, adv. 1. Away. The general pron. in 1493, p. used as would metri S., by Doug., appear, AWAYMENTIS, s. pi. causa. This dwne, and the A wayinenlis The ilk sorrow, the samyn swerd baith tua, Consawyd full in tliare intentis, And the self houre mycht haif tane us awa. Owt of the Kyrk this Kyng gert pas that sworne than was Doug. Virgil, 124. 4. All, bot thai, Til that Assyse : and thai gert he This metaph. use of the word, in relation to death, and welle kepyd be. is common the S. Stratly very among vulgar ; Wyntown, viii. 5. 113. It is used by Duubar without regard to the rhyme. " Unless this be corr. for awysmentis, (consultations) clois the Go the burde ; and tak awa chyre. I know nothing of it." Gloss. Wyiit. But there is no Maitland Poems, p. 173. necessity for supposing a corruption. The idea of pre- better than 2. In a swoon, S. parations or preliminaries corresponds fully that of consultations. For the Assise had not entered dochter was awa', but whan she cam "My lang on their deliberations. They had been only selected again, she tauld us, that sae sune as I enterit the and sworn. Thus the origin will be 0. Fr. avoy-er, to vowt, a' the kye stoppit chowin' their cud, an' gi'ed a put in train, to settle preliminaries. Vieux mot. dowf and eerisome crune." Edin. Mag. Dec. 1818, p. Mettre en bon voie, en bon chemin. Diet. Trev. 503. AWAY-PUTTING, s. The complete re- 3. Used in speaking of a deceased relation, S. moval of any thing, of that especially which There is a peculiar and lovely delicacy in this na- tional idiom. When one cannot avoid a reference to is offensive or noxious. the departed, instead of mentioning the name, or speci- "Diuerss actis & constitutiones. hes bene maid fying the particular tie, or it were meant to prevent towart the distraction and away putting of the saidis excitement of either in the any unnecessary feeling cruvis and yairis," &c. Acts Ja. VI. 1579, Ed. 1814, or in the or as if the speaker hearer, naming person p. 147. kind of the hallowed silence of were a of profanation if distant allusion were more the tomb, or as the most AWAY-TAKER, s. The person who re- than it is usual to speak of them that's awa; enough, moves, or carries the plural being most commonly used, as if the be- away. can not be loved object were removed to a still more respectful "Gif thay gudis caryit apprehendit, of furth of the realmc distance, than by a more familiar use of the singular. the away takar and hauar thair AW A [85] AWA

as the valoure of to death occasioned the fall of on a all pay als mekill thay gudis drop, by anything our souerane Lady." Acts Mary, 1535, fcd. 1814, p. person. 496. AWALD, AWA'LT, part. adj. In a supine state-, Carried off. AWAY-TAKEN, part. pa. lying on the back, S. Await sheep, one that thcr robbed & taken "Imprimis, was away violently has fallen down, so as not to be able to re- be the fornamed persons the number of nyntie four cover itself. It denotes one that labouring oxen," &c. Acts C'ha. II. 1661, vii. 183. especially lies on its back, Roxb. AWAY-TAKING, s. Removal, or the act Synon. with this is A. Bor. owrwelt, "a sheep of off. in from carrying which gets laid on his back a hollow," Grose ; "Gif one takia ane uther man's purse, and the otoer over, and welt, q. v. moay-takimj be provin, the avail, quantitie, and To DIE to die in a state, Ibid. nombre of the money beand therein, audit and sould AWALD, supine ' ' lie referrit to the aith of the awner thereof." A. 1554, Sheep are most apt to die avxild, when it grows Balfour'a Pract. p. 362. warm after a shower, till are shorn. They lie " they For the & withhalding fra roll on their to relieve the there, wrangwis awaytakimj " down, backs, itching the saidis tennaiitis of Howatstoune, &e. Act. Dom. and if the ground happen to be level or hollow, they Cone. A. 1492, p. 240. are often unable to get up, and soon sicken, swell, and die." Essays, Highl. Soc. iii. 447. AWAIL, AWAILL, . Advantage, superi- To FA' AAVALT, to fall over without the ority. power of to a Our mekill it is to proffer thaim battaill getting up again ; originally applied a bot we haiff sum awaill. Apon playne feild, sheep, hence to a person who is intoxicated, Wallace, vii. 1136. S. A. To v. n. To avail. AWAILL, AWAILYE, Hence also the phrase, to roll avxM. We find both in one passage. AWALD, . A term applied to a Till swylk thowlesnes he yeid, AWAL, As the courss askis off field the second without yowtheid ; lying year being into And wmquhill rybbaldaill ; lea of the second that has And that may mony tyme awatll. ploughed ; year, For knawlage off mony statis not been sowed with artificial grasses, Loth. quhile awailye full mony gatis. " May There are four breaks of the outfield in tillage. Barboitr, i. 337. 339. MS. The first out of ley. The second what they call Awald, This is very loose morality. But Barbour wished to where the produce will not exceed two bolls or two make some for whom he here char- apology Douglas, bolls and a half an acre." Maxwell's Sol. Trans, p. 214. acterises. " Awal, the second crop from grass." Surv. Banffs. 45. To AWAIL, AWAL, r. a. 1. To let fall. App. p. to the second And alsone as the day wes cler, AWALD, adj. Belonging crop Thai that with in the castell wer after lea, S. Had armyt thaim, and maid thaim botin, And some thair brig awalyt doun, AWALL AITS, the second crop of oats after And ischit in till gret plente. Barbour, xv. 134. MS. grass, Mearns. V. AWAT. i.e. let fall their drawbridge. AWALD-CRAP, s. The second crop after lea, 2. To descend used in a neut. sense. ; Ayrs. Aewall, Clydes. Aril, Galloway, The swete thus fra the resourss wapour ground ; Awat, more Award, V. The humyll breyth doun fra the hewyn awaill, commonly Angus. In euery meide, bathe fryth, forrest and daill. AWARD CRAP. Wallace, viii. 1186. MS. after Thai saw thare fais nere cummand, AWAL-INFIELD, s. "The second crop Owte-oure a bra downe awalaud, bear." Surv. Banffs. App. p. 47. That delt ware in batallis twa : The had the mast of tha. Percy AWAL-LAND, s. Ground under a second crop, Wyntvwn. ix. 8. 141. Banffs. to Mr. or "Seems," according Macpherson, "riding " 'Tis that awal-land be the galloping down the hill, as if tumbling. Fr. aval-er to very proper ploughed second time before the of winter frosts." go, or fall, 'down. Belg. vall-en, to fall, rush." But departure the meaning is merely, descending, as in the last ex- Surv. Banffs. App. p. 38. tract from Fr. which not to let ; aval-er, only signifies An awald one that has fall, but to descend. Aval-er, v. act. Abaisser. Les AWALD, adj. sheep, bateaux aval-ent quand ils descendent suivant le cours fallen backward, Loth. V. AWAIL, v. de la riviere. Diet. Trev. Teut. decidere. af-vaU-en, AWALT SHEEP, one that has fallen back- 3. fall or To backward, tumble down hill, itself ward, or downhill, and cannot recover ; Gl. Roxb., Clydes. Sihb. Gl. Sibb. V. AWAIL. I a am at loss, however, whether we should suppose, v. a. advance. that the term has come to us through the medium of To AWANCE, To the Fr. It is more probable, that the French have Bot gud serwice he dide him with plesance, themselves received it the as it is awanct. from Franks ; com- As in that place was worthi to to the Goth, i. 366. MS. mon languages. Teut. of- rail-en, decidere ; Wallace, af-val, casus. Sw. afal, affal, lapsus, whence affaU- Fr. avanc-er. A WA [86] AWB

seems to exhibit the To AWANT, v. a. To boast. times, fairly original design of this armour. For hauberk, whence habergeon is nedis awant of wikkitnes, Quhat you your undoubtedly Franc, ha/sberge, Isl. halsbiorg, Teut. hats- that allane in velanus dede ? Ye delytis a little This is rendered Ihre, Prol. 35. beri/h, changed. by Doug. Virgil, 96, of had the collare chalybeum, q. a steel collar ; comp. s. "a of corn neck, and berg-a to defend. Hence L. B. halsberga, AWARD-CRAP, Expl. crop coat Fr. Itaubert, a coat of mail ; haubergeon, a small after several others in Berw. succession," of mail. Kilian gives ringh-kraeyhe as synon., q. a This, though differently written, is unquestionably ring for the throat. the same with Awald. But a singular etymon, is The Goths, in the same manner, denominated greaves founded on the variety which the orthography exhibits. bainberga, defences for the legs, (bain, cms.) Isl. "Such successive crops of white corn are very em- nefbiorg is that part of the helmet which protects the or phatically termed, in the provincial dialect, award nose. Perhaps it should be nesbiorg ; and Jingerborg awkward crops." Agr. Surv. Berw. p. 204. is a covering for the fingers, made of metal, used by spinners. V. Ihre, vo. Serga. AWART, adv. A sheep is said to lie awart, In L. B. this was sometimes denominated hamber- and when it has fallen on its back in such a gellus Jiabergellua. "This hambergell," says Beckwith, "was a coat situation that it cannot rise Roxb. again ; composed of several folds of coarse linen, or hempen a sort v. cloth ; in the midst of some of which was Await synon. q. placed a of net-work, of small ringlets of iron ; about quarter an inch interwoven to- A-WASTLE, prep. To the westward of; of diameter, very artificially and in of thin iron used as gether ; others, square plates, apparently figuratively, signifying about an inch from side to side, with a hole in the removed to a great distance, Ettr. For. midst of each, the edges laid one over another, quilted the cloth with small and bedded "The tread of horses was again heard. 'The warld through packthread, ' ' in covered with wool. Parts of two such hauber- be a-wastle us ! cried old Pate ; wha's that now ? I paper are now in the Editor's either of which think fouk will be eaten up wi' fouk,'" &c. Perils of geons possession, would be sufficient to defend the body of a man from Men, i. 59. the stroke or point of a sword or lance, if not from a and so as to admit the AWAT, s. Ground ploughed after the first musket-ball, yet pliable person wearing them to use all his limbs, and move his joints from lea. The is called crop crop produced without the least interruption." Blount's Anc. Ten. the Awat-crop ; Ang. p. 92, 93. Beckwith adds; "That kind of armour made of One suppose that this were from A.-S. afed, might united in was called the Isl. what had links, together chain-work, by pastus, af-at, depastus (Verel.) q. ' " ancients hamata vestis.' Ibid. been pasture land, were it not that this is not the first crop after grass. Shall we, therefore, rather refer it to Su.-G. awat, also ofat, deficiens, as being inferior AWBLASTER, . 1. A cross-bowman. to the first instead of awat, avil is used in crop, This evidently the meaning of the term awblasters, This, for the same reason, Galloway, aewall, Clydes. left by Mr. Pink, for explanation. be traced to Teut. qf-val diminutio. may According The Stewart off Scotland then to the latter both awat and avil are rad. the gud etymon, Send for his frendis, and his men, same with above. Await, explained Quhill he had with him but archeris, And but burdowis, and awblasteris, AWAWARD, s. Vanguard. V hundre men, wycht and worthi, That bar of His men he gert thaim wele aray. armys awncestry. Barbmir, xvii. 236. MS. The awaward had the Erie Thomas ; And the rerward Schyr Eduuardis was. Alblastere and Arblaste are used in the same sense, Barbmir, xiv. 59. MS. 0. E. Fr. Avant-garde. E. com ouer nere, the castelle to aspie, That sauh an aZblastere, a quarelle lete he flie, AWBYRCHOWNE.AwBEKCHEOUN,*. Ha- & smote him in the schank. JR. 205. bergeon. Brunne, p. So gret poer of thulke lond & of France he nome Willame of Spens percit a blasowne in to of & of And throw thre fauld of Awbynhoiime Myd hym Engelond knygtes squyers, auote & bowmen, & al so arblastes, And the Actown throw the thryd ply Spermen That them in so muche folc neuere nas. And the arow in the body, tliogte Engeloml Rob. Glouc. p. 378. Quhill of that dynt thare deyd he lay. Wyntown, viii. 33. 22. In another MS. it is abblastrets. "The haubergeon," says Grose, "was a coat com- " 2. A crossbow. posed either of plate or chain mail without sleeves. "The hauberk was a complete covering of mail from The Sotheron men maid gret defens that tid, head to foot. It consisted of a hood joined to a jacket With artailye, that felloune was to bid, and with sleeves, breeches, stockings and shoes of double With awblaster, gaynye, stanys fast, hand out thai cast. chain mail, to which were added gauntlets of the same And gunnys rycht brymly vii. 994. MS. construction. Some of these hauberks opened before Wallace, like a modern coat, others were closed like a shirt." Fr. arbelextier, L. B. arcubalista, arbalista, a cross- Ant. Armour, Mil. Hist. ii. 245, 246. bowman. When the term is applied to the bow itself, Haubergeons in S. seem to have been generally of it is improperly. For the word ought to be awblaste, from Fr. arbaleste. Bullet mentions as Celtic chain mail. Hence the Prov. mentioned by Skene ; words, a warlike for stones and "Many mailyies makes ane haubergioun." albras, engine throwing ; Dr. Johnson defines habergeon, "armour to cover albraswr, albrysiwr, the person who wrought this the neck and breast." Now, this definition, although engine. But they are most probably corr. from the it does not apply to the habergeon as used in later Lat. AVVB [87]

AW-BUND, AW-BUN', part. adj. Not at AWEEL, adv. Well, S. " to act as one would wish restricted if thinks liberty ; Aweel, your honour I am safe the story some Roxb. was just this. Guy Mannering, ii. 340. by superior ; I hesitate whether we should view this as formed To AWENT, v. a. To cool or refresh by ex- from the *. Awe-band, or as compounded of Awe, and to the air. bund, vinctus, E. bound. posing Thai faml the King syttand allane, That off has a. hys bassynet tane, AWCY, Till nine nl. him, for he wes hate. That is luf listis and paramour, delites, Barbour, vi. 305, MS. That has me light, anil lafl logh in a lake. In edit. 1620, p. 112, it is rendered, Al the welth of the world, that awcy wites, With the wilile wermis that worche me wrake. To lake the aire, for he was heat. Sir Gawcm and Sir Gal. i. 17. It occurs also B. xii. 143. A.-S. moyndioian, ven-

A.-S. dolor tilare ; from ventus. Perhaps pain, torment, ace, aece, ; q. wind, That suffering, (of which you have ocular demonstra- the blame on wealth. tion, ) lays worldly AWERTY, AUEBTY, adj. Cautious, expe- rienced. s. AWEBAND, AWBAND, With him wes Philip the Mowbray, And lugram the Umfrawill perfay, 1. band for black cattle to the stake That wes both and A tying ; wyss awerty, And full of of a on one and a gret chewalry. consisting rope side, piece Barbour, ii. 213. MS. of wood of the of a or shape hame-blade, The King Robert, that was Wiss in his deid and half of a horse's collar, on the other. It is auerty, Saw his men sa rycht douchtely used to in order the ani- keep more unruly The peth apon thair lay i* ta. xviii. 439. MS. mals, or to prevent them from throwing Barbour, their heads from one side of the stake to the In Pink. edit, it is anerly, which mars the sense-. It is used by R. Brunne, p. 260. other; Loth. Lanarks. To v. a. AW-BAND, The respons were redy, that Philip did tham bere, To bind in this manner. Lanarks. A knyght fulle auerty gaf tham this ansuere. Fr. averti, warned, advertised. 2. A check, a restraint. "Yit quhen he was biging this castel with maist AWFALL, adj. Honest, upright. V.AFALD. diligence, the theuis tuk sic feir, dredand that the said castel suld be an awband agania thame, that thai con- AWFULL, Awru', adj. 1. Implying the spirit aganis him." Bellend. Cron. B. xii. c. 15. idea of what is or excessive used very great, ; in a bad S. 3. Used in a moral sense, to denote what in- always sense, The churle is of ane othir and reverence, what curbs and awfull strind, spires respect Thoucht he be borne to vilest servitude, or checks, prevents a man from doing things Thair may na geiitrice sink into his mind, To his freind or with his in which he otherwise him- help nichtbour gud. might indulge Bellend. Cron. Proh. cvi. Ed. 1821. self, S. 2. An awfu' day, a severe reproof, Peebles. "The dignified looks of this lady proved such an aweband on the giddy young men, that they never once A' adv. Everywhere, S. A'wltere, their mouths." The not marked. WHERE, opened place Ettr. For. The first sense ought certainly to be viewed as the one and to primary ; would seem point to Dan. 0017, a This is the same with the classical term ALQUHARE. yoke, as the origin, q. "the band by which the yoke is fastened." AWIN, AWYN, AWNE, adj. Own, proper, S. it merits that Perhaps observation, Isl. hdband sig- awne, Gl. Yorks. id. nifies a band of leather used for confining the sinews of This is the common of the south of in other the hams Vinculum nervos pron. S., ; poplitis adstringens ; from parts, a in. Hd, cutis, corium ; Haldorson. pellis, And that had This is given by Bailey and Johns, as if it were an mony ma, lang beyne ourthrawiu, Wallace tliaim to thair awin. E. word, composed of awe and band. The former put rvchtwisly Wallace, vii. 942. MS. renders it "a check upon ;" the latter "a check." The thai as it had thair of its is gud tuk, beyn awyn. But no example use given ; nor is it men- Wallace, ix. 1192. tioned by Houlet, Phillips, Skinner, or Cotgrave. It is often used, strictly in the sense of proper, with AWEDE. the article prefixed. " The and of his saidis Tristrem in sorwe lay, honour, authority dignitie For tin wald Ysonde awede. three Estaites sail stand, and continew in the awin Sir Tristrem, p. 181. integritie, according to the ancient, and lovabill custom without alteration or diminution." Acts I am under a necessity of differing from my friend by-gane, ony Ja. VI. Parl. 8. c. 130. the very ingenious editor, who views this as signifying Murray. mnoon, and seems to think that it is allied to S. weed, And our ain lads, although I say't mysell. a species of sickness to which women in childbed are But guided them right cankardly and snell. Jtoss's Uelenore, p. 69. most subject. It certainly signifies, to be in a state to ai/in approaching insanity ; A.-S. awed-an, awoed-an, Moes-G. aiyin, ; according to Jun., Gothis insanire. est proprius ; item, peculiaris et propria possessio ; AWI [88] A WO

Gl. Goth. A.-S. agen, Germ, fljhen, Belg. AAVMOUS-DISH, s. The wooden dish in which Su.-G. egen, id. all from their respective verbs which mendicants receive their alms, when given denote right or property. Ben Jonson puts this term in the mouth of one of in meat, S. Burns. the inhabitants of Sherwood Forest. s. A or cowl ; a is all atone. AWMOUS, cap, covering Tliis house ! these grounds ! this stock mine Sad Shepherd. for the head. " This seems to be the in MS., of the word AWINGIS, s.pl Arrears, debts. Dettis, reading, printed awmons, Houlate, i. 17. &c. Aberd. Keg, A. awingis, comptis," Upoun the sand yit I saw, as thesaurare tane, 1551, V. 21. With grene awmous on hede, Sir Gawane the Drake. The alludes to the beautiful feathers on AVYSE. poet green AWISE, s. Manner, fashion. V. the heads of some species of ducks, and perhaps to some badge of office anciently worn by the treasurer A WISE, AWYSEE, adj. Prudent, considerate, of Scotland. L. B. almucia, 0. Fr. aumusse, from cautious. Germ, mutze, id. S. mutch, q. v. If it should be read it refer to a helmet. V. AUMON. Als thai haid awmons, may A lord that sa suete and deboner, wes, AWNAR, s. A proprietor, an owner. Sa curtaiss, and off sa fayr effer, For all the suynis awnaris Sa blyth, and als sa weill bourdand, Said, Seilis how the fulis fairis ! And in bataill sa styth to stand, Colkelbie Sow, F. 1. v, 201. Swa wyss, and rycht swa awisS, Aberd. A. V. 16. . That thai had gret causs blyth to be. Awnaris, Reg. 1538, Barbour, viii. 385. MS. A.-S. agn-ian, aegn-ian, ahn-ian, possidere. Nixt Mnestheus, war and awysee, schairp s. An owner. Vnto the held has halit vp on hie AWNER, Baith arrow and ene, etland at the mark. "All thay that fyndis ony tynt geir, gold, syluer, Doug. Virgil, 144. 41. or ony vther thyng, and knawis or may knaw with consideratus Diet. Trev. awe the same and Fr. avM, prudens, cautus, ; diligent spering qunay tynt geir, The editors that this word is formed from the wyl nocht restore it, & gyf it to the trew mtmer, observe, agane " with ar theiffis & braikis this command. Hamil- Goth, win-ant A.-S. vis-an, ad (rather a) prefixed. thay Abp. Hence, toun's Catechisme, 1551, Fol. 60, b. AWISELY, adv. Prudently, circumspectly. AWNIE, adj. Bearded, S. Quhen this wes said thai saw cummand Let husky wheat the haughs adorn, And aits set their horn Thar fayis ridand, ner at the hand, up mmiie Arayit rycht awisely, Burns, iii. 13. V. next word. Willfull to do chewalry. s. Beards of corn. Barbour, ii. 344. MS. AWNS, pi. Dr. Johnson the anei a it gives word place ; but s. Gl. Sibb. AUMON, HEWMON, A helmet, seems to be rather a provincial term. It was viewed as such Bar the beards of " by Ray. awns, barley ; s. Tua barrell of ane AWISS, awiss, Spruis Ang. Perths. stane of hempt." Also awes, Aberd. Keg. Moes-G. ahana, chaff, Su.-G. agn, Gr. nx", ax 1"/! id. Alem. agena not chaff, but is A. 1560, V. 24. Pot-ashes ? only signifies rendered festuca, a shoot or stalk. Wachter views aegg, a sharp point, as the root of the Northern terms. AWITTINS, Used in conjunction with the For empty husk, for awns an' beard, her, &c. as what is like the be rever'd pron. me, him, denoting Ye, goats, may ; The wi' there's luck o' without the privacy of the person referred to, only thing you Is hush o" strae for makin muck o'. Dumfr. Lime and Marie, A, Scott's Poems, p. 140. S. id. on softened Synon. with B. onwittins, ; being "Aieng, the beards of wheat or barley." Ray's Col- into as in from A.-S. on ; unless we lect, 5. a, away, waeg p. the Goth, of the middle suppose a to be borrowed from This word, I find, is also used in the singular. V. " age, like A.-S. awita demens, alag iniquitas. Ihre, Bear is all they have, and wonderment it is to me letter A. that they ever see an awn of it." The Pirate, ii. 28. We may either view the pron. as in the dative, q. as to Furnished with to me, &c. ; or the conjunct phrase equivalent AWNED, AWNIT, part. adj. the ablative absolute. beards to S. ; applied grain, " Grey aimed oats were most in use in the me- AWKIR, s. To ding to awkir, to dash to mory of old people." Agr. Surv. Dumfr. p. 198. V. to break to Aberd. pieces, atoms, ; perhaps FLAYER. from E. ochre. AWNY, adj. Bearded, S. In the AWM, s. Alum, S. shaggy wave, awny grain Had whiten'd owre the hill an' plain. Picken's 144. To AAVM, v. a. To dress [skins] with alum, Poems, 1788, p. " Accustomed to. S. Awm't leather," white leather, S. AWONT, part. adj. "Towart the contravening of the ordinans in furth- s. S. AWMOUS, Alms, putting of the tennentis of the said rowme awont the "I'll aye come to you for my awmous as usual, occupaciouu of the said land," q. "wont to occupy." and whiles I wad be fain o' a pickle sneeshin." An- Aberd. Reg. A. 1563, V. 25. tiquary, i. 266. V. ALMOUS. A.-S. aimm-ian, assuescere. AWO [89] AX

Can this have connexion with Su.-G. Germ. AWORTII, atle. "Worthily," Tytler. any a, ach, water ? or with Moes-G. aha spica, Mark iv. 28 ? He makitli joye and confort that he quitis Of theire unsekir warldis appetitis, AWS of a Windmill, the sails or shafts on And so aworth he takith Ins penance, the wind Aberd. And of his vertew maid it sumsance. which acts, King's Quair, i. 6. AWSK, a. Newt, eft. V. ASK. Perhaps allied to A.-S. awyrth-ian, glorificare. If it that he in his so, may signify gloried sufferings. AWSOME, AWESOME, adj. 1. Appalling, Avowed. awful, causing terror, S. AWOVIT, pret. " A of his cross is more awsome than the "They no sooner awovit and vtterit thair disobe- sight weight of it." Ruth. Lett. P. i. 203. dience to his maiestie, hot thairwith also professing ep. have been for Sir deadlie fead and hatrent to his said trustie counsail- "It would utterly impossible Arthur Wardour or his to have found his lour, his death wes ane of the cheif buttis of thair daughter these shelves without the and oraift and malice." Acts Ja. VI. 1606, Ed. 1814, p. way along guidance of the who had been there be- 292. encouragement beggar, fore in high tides, though never, he acknowledged, in so awsome a as this." i. 157, 158. AWOUNDERIT, part. pa. Surprised, struck " night Antiquary, Sic as thae Highland carlines with wonder. ill-scraped tongues sic awsome language as that I ne'er heard out o' a The eldare huntaris and his keparis than, human thrapple. Rob Roy, iii. 73. Clappand thare luffis and thar nandis ilk man, Sare awounderit gan the sternes behald 2. Exciting terror, as supposed to possess For houndis quest it semyt the lift ryffe wald. South of S. preternatural power ; Doug. Virgil, 136. 16. In this sense the term is applied to one Wilkin, who To AWOW, v. n. To vow. was viewed as a warlock. "Wilkin's descendants are still known; and the "The king awowed, that he schould nevir be relaxit poorer sort of them have often their great predecessor out of the castle of Edinburgh, if he might keip him in mentioned to them as a term of reproach, whom they it." Pitscottie's Cron. 195. " p. themselves allow to have been an awexome body." Made a singular vow," Ed. 1728. Hogg's Mountain Bard, p. 116. exclamations the awesome din re- to '"During these alas, S. B. ; AWOW, interj. Equivalent sounded muckle mair." Blackw. Mag. Nov. 20, 1820, also to Ewhow. p. 146. But to do as I did, alas, and awow, 3. of S. To busk up a rock at the cheek of the low, Expressive terror, that I had but little wit in Says my pow. "To be sure he did gie an awesome glance up at the Rosa's Rock and Wee Pickle Two. auld castle and there was some spae-wark gaed on." Perhaps q. ah wow. V. Wow and Vow. Guy Mannering, i. 185.

s. a S. Gl. Stern, austere. AWP, WHAUP, Curlew ; bird, AWSTRENE, adj. This awstrene answerit Sibb. V. QUHAIP. greif angirly ; For thy cramping thow salt baith crake and cowre. 132. Felonious " Awran- Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. AWRANGOUS, adj. ; " This is undoubtedly the same with asterne, Doug. Aberd. Cent. 16. gous awaytaking; Reg. Virgil, corr. either from Lat. auterus, or A.-S. ntyrn, id.

AWRO. AWTAYNE, adj. Haughty. Maiden mergrete, All he mad of Inglis men, Went the fro dragoun ; That was dyspytwows and amtayne then. Sche seize a wel fouler thing Wyntown, viii. 17. 24. Bitten in awro : He hadde honden on his knes, AWTE, s. 1. The direction in which a stone, a And eize on exierich to ; of &c. the Aberd. Mizt ther neuer lother thing piece wood, splits ; grain, Open erth go. "Awte, the line in a stone where it naturally may St. MS. Legend Margrete, be split by the strokes of the hammer, or where the V. Gloss. Compl. p. 309. st. 4. block in the quarry may be separated from the cliff." The language of this poem has more of the E. than Gl. Surv. Nairn and Moray. S. dialect. But I quote the passage to suggest that 2. but it is for a most probably it should be a two, i.e. a corner, as Used, supposed improperly, synon. with an him, st. 1. flaw in a stone, ibid. Maiden mergrete tho Loked hir biside s. ALTAR. ; AWTER, And seize a lothlich dragoun He mysdyd thair gretly but wer, Out of an him glide. That gave na gyrtli to the awter. Su.-G. tora, angulus. Harbour, ii. 44. MS. i.e. Who did not consider the altar as a sanctuary. AWS, AWES a mill-wheel, s. The of pi Chaucer, id. O. FT. autier, id. Diet. Trev. Lat. buckets or on projections the rim which altare. receive the shock of the water as it falls, S. To v. a. S. " AX, To ask, Rudd. The water falls upon the or feathers of the an-rn, The kyng lette bryng ther aftur Hengist hi fore hym sone, tirl, at an inclination of between 40 and 45 degrees." And usched at erles & barnes, wat were mid hym to done. P. Unst, Shetland, Statist. Ace. v. 191. R. Olouc. 141. M p. AXI [90] BAB

In another MS. it is axede. "This axes hath made hym so weake that his legges nat beare Ces fleures lont tant What thynge the kynge hym axe wolde. wyll hym: affoybly," Oower, Conf. Am. F. 25. a. &c. Ibid. F. 162, b. "Aixes still the North." Grose. " The twelve that weren with him axiden him to signifies ague, In the former sense, from A.-S. aece, the parable." Wiclif, Mark iv. evidently expowne hor- dolor ; in the latter, either from this, or egfsa, Chaucer, id. A.-S. ahs-ian, ax-ian. ror, Moes-G. agin, terror, whence Seren. derives E. AXIS, ACKSYS, s. pi. Aches, pains. ague.

Bot tho axis and turment ! began myn *. S. sene hir and folowe I na AX-TREE, Axle-tree, To part, mycht ; Methoucht the day was turnyt into nycht. A.-S. eax, ex; Alem. ahjta, Germ, ackse, id. Per- ii. 48. King's Quair, haps the radical word is Isl. ak-a, to drive a chariot or it it Gl. Sibb. writes also acksys, rendering ague ; dray ; G. Andr. "Axis is still used by the country people in Scotland "Item on the heid of the quhite toure craig [Dum- for the ague or trembling fever." Tytl. N. bertane] ane moyen of found, montit upoun ane stok Axes, id. Orkn. with quheillis and axtre but irne werk." Coll. In- "They are troubled with an aguish distemper, ventories, A. 1580, p. 300. which they call the Axes," Wallace's Orkn. p. 66. and He subjoins, that to an infusion of buckthorn AYONT, prep. Beyond, S. other herbs, which they use as a cure, they give the A burn ran in the there name of Axes Grass. laigh, ayont lay As on the other brae. It had been used in the same sense in E. many feeding formerly Moss's 47. ' ' " Helenore, p. For Palsgrave mentions ague, axes, as correspond- it A.-S. with a or as ing to Fr.fyeure; B. iii. F. 17. Elsewhere he uses geond, ultra, prefixed ; on, afield, V. YOUND. as if it had denoted fever in general. originally onjield.

B.

For. 3. to a S. To BAA, v. n. 1. To cry as a calf, Ettr. Applied cockade, " I had scarcely ceased baaing as a calf, when I "They had seen Cuddie in ane o'' Serjeant Both- found myself a beautiful capercailyie, winging the well's laced waistcoats, and a cockit hat with a bab of winter cloud." Perils of Men, iii. 415. blue ribbands at it." Tales of my Landlord, iii. 228. 2. To bleat as a sheep, Ayrs. To BAB, v. n. 1. To play backward and for- "Zachariah Smylie's black ram they had laid in ward loosely, S. synon. with E. Bob. Mysie's bed, and keepit frae baaing with a gude fother- of and a cloute soaken in milk." R. ing kail-blades, 2. To dance, Fife. Gilhaize, ii. 218. Hence, Bab at the boioster, or, Bab wl' tfie bowster, a BAA, s. The of a Ettr. For. cry calf, old Scottish dance, now almost out of use ; for- " very When I could do nothing farther than give a faint merly the last dance at weddings and merry-makings. baa, they thought that the best sport of all." Perils, v. a. To to '. To I close, shut, ut stip. V. M :. BAB, Ayrs. The fire was rak'd, the door was barr'd, s. rock of a BAA, A particular description, Asleep"the family, Shetl. Except poor Odin, dowy loon, na' bab an e e. " He cou'd is a rock overflown the but which Baa by sea, may Tram's Poetical Reveries, p. 100. be seen at low water." Edmonston's Zetl. i. 140. Norw. "a or bank in the on which boe, bottom, sea, To BABBIS, v. a. 1. To scoff, to gibe, Ayrs. the waves break ;" Hallager. 2. To browbeat, ibid. BAACH, to the taste. V. adj. Ungrateful From the same with a v. BAUCH. origin BOB, taunt, q. BABY, s. The abbreviation of the name Bar- BAB, s. 1. A or bunch of flowers, nosegay, S. S. bara, There, amang the bobs o' gowans, BABIE, BAWBIE, s. A coin equal to Wi' my Peggie I sat down. copper Picken's Poems, 1788, p. 27. a halfpenny English. S. I her a o' pu'd posie gowans, "As to hir fals accusatioun of spoilye, we did remit An' laid them in bobs at her feet. us to the conscience of Mr. Robert Riehartsoun Maister Ibid. 138. V. BOB, id. p. of the Cunye Hous, quha from our handis receaved and Mettall, alsweill as uncun- 2. A tassel, or a knot of ribbons, or the loose Gold, Silver, cunyeit so that with us thare did not remane the valow ends of such a knot, Fife; whence the com- yeit ; of a Babie." Knox's Hist. p. 151. Bawbee, Lond. pound terms, Lug-bob, Wooer-bab, q. v. Ed. 161.