ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF TIIK SCOTTISH LANGUAGE. In some instances, the rule does not apply in our own time. the THIS letter, in our language, has four different Although prep, sig- is sounds : nifying from, generally pronounced frae, yet fra is also used in some parts of Scot- 1. A broad, as in E. all, wall. U is often land. Na is most generally pronounced as added, as in cald, written also cauld. In the is to written. It probable that ija, go, was termination of a word, when an inverted formerly pronounced in the same manner, comma is subjoined, as a', it is meant to retains although now gae ; because the part, intimate that the double I is cut off, accord- this sound. Ma, more, although now pro- ing to the pronunciation of Scotland. But nounced like in the of this is of modern use. W is some- may, reign Mary merely must have had the broad sound. For Skene times used for II by old writers, as aw for writes maa. The one or maa fre- all. phrase occurs De Verb. vo. quently ; Sign. Eneya. in in 2. A, lak, inak, tak, Scottish, as last, past, Where o occurs in modern E. we frequently English. use au; as auld, bauld, fauld, instead of old, 3. in alane, S. like A, lane, mane, bane, fane, bold, fold. E. The monosyllables have generally, al- A is sometimes prefixed to words, both in S. though not always, a final e quiescent. and O. E., where, it makes no alteration of 4. A, in dad, daddie, and some other words, S. the sense as which has ; abade, delay, pre- as in E. read, pret. ready, cisely the same meaning with bade. This A is used in words instead of o in E. seems to have been borrowed or derived many ; as one, bone, long, song, stone. These we from the A.-S., in which language abidan write one, bane, lang, sang, stane. For the and bidan are perfectly synon., both simply Scots preserve nearly the same orthography signifying to remain, to tarry. But in some with the Anglo-Saxons, which the English of the ancient Gothic dialects, it was used as have left as the words last mentioned cor- an intensive Thus it is still used in ; particle. to the respond A.-S. an, ban, long, sang, Isl., as afall, impetus, from falla, cadere. stan. In some of the northern as without the evil counties, Naud, prefix, signifies ; in and the of Angus Mearns, sound ee or ei anaud, great evil. G. Andr. Lex. p. 4. prevails, instead of at, in various words of Hire has made the same observation with re- this formation. They pronounce ein, bein, spect to this letter in Su.-G., giving alik us after the manner of the who stein, Germans, an example, which he renders, valde similis. use these terms in the same sense. It occurs in many A. S. words, in which Mr. Macpherson has attempted to fix a standard there seems to be no augmentation. Wach- for the pronunciation of words in which this ter, however, mentions abaer-ian, denudare, letter is the a with an as a of its intensive found, marking oblique proof power ; Pioleg. stroke above it, when it should be sounded sect. v. I am inclined to think, that some ae or at. But any attempt of this kind must traces of this may yet be found in the fail. For it is probable that, in the course English language. One would almost sup- of centuries, there has been a considerable pose that adoicn were more forcible than the change in the pronunciation of this letter. simple term down; and that it had been AX ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONAEY THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE ILLUSTRATING THE WORDS IN THEIR DIFFERENT SIGNIFICATIONS, BY EXAMPLES FROM ANCIENT AND MODERN WRITERS ; SHEWING THEIR AFFINITY TO THOSE OF OTHER LANGUAGES, AND ESPECIALLY THE NORTHERN j EXPLAINING MANY TERMS, WHICH, THOUGH NOW OBSOLETE IN ENGLAND, WERE FORMERLY AND COMMON TO BOTH COUNTRIES ; AND ELUCIDATING NATIONAL RITES, CUSTOMS, INSTITUTIONS, IN THEIR ANALOGY TO THOSE OF OTHEE NATIONS I TO WHICH IS PREFIXED, A DISSERTATION ON THE ORIGIN OF THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE BY JOHN JAMIESON, D.D., '.'.V FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, AND OF THE SOCIETY OF THE ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND. A NEW EDITION, CAREFULLY REVISED AND COLLATED, WITH THE ENTIRE SUPPLEMENT INCORPORATED, BY JOHN LONGMUIR, A.M., LL.D., AND DAVID DONALDSON, F.E.I.S. VOLUME I. PAISLEY: ALEXANDER GARDNER. M.DCCC.LXXIX. An Explanation of the Contractions used in this Work. A. Bar. Anglia Borealis, North of England. L.B. Barbarous Latin. Adj. Adjective. Metaph. Metaphor, Metaphorical. Adv. Adverb. Moes-G. Moeso-Gothic, as preserved in Alem. Alemannic language. Ulphilas' Version of the Gospels. Anc. Ancient, or Anciently. Mod. Modern. Ang. County or dialect of Angus. N. Note. Arm. Armorican, or language of Bretagne. 0. Old. A.-S. Anglo-Saxon language. Orkn. Orkney. Belg. Belgic language. part. pr. Participle present. C.-B. Cambro-Britannic, or Welsh lan- pa. past. guage. Pers. Persian language. Celt. Celtic. pi. Plural. Chauc. Used occasionally for Chaucer. Precop. Precopensian dialect of the Gothic. Clydes. Clydesdale. prep. Preposition. Comp. Compounded. pret. Preterite. S. of Pronoun Pronun- Compl. Complaynt Scotland. pron. ; also, Pronounce, Conj. Conjunction. ciation. Contr. Contracted, or Contraction, Prov. Proverb. Corn. or Cornish, language of Cornwall. Q., q. Quasi. Corr. Corrupted, or Corruption. Qu. Query. Cumb. _ Cumberland. q. v. Quod vide. Dan. Danish Language. JK. Glouc. Chronicle of Eobert of Gloucester. Deriv. Derivative, or Derivation. Rudd. Euddiman's Glossary to Douglas's Dim. $ Diminutive. Virgil. Dimin. S. After Islandic quotations, denotes E. English language. Saga. Ed., Edit. Edition. S. Scottish, Scotland; also, still used Errat. Erratum, or Errata. in Scotland. Expl. Explain, explained. S.A. Scotia Australis, South of Scotland. North of Scotland Fig. Figuratively. S.B. Scotia Borealis, ; Finn. Finnish, language of Finland. also, Northern Scots. Fr. French language. S. 0. Scotia Occidentalis, West of Scot- Franc. Frankish, Theotisc, or Tudesque land. language. a. Substantive. Fris. Frisian or ancient of dialect of the Belgic. SU.-G. Suio-Gothic, language Gael. Gaelic of the Highlands of Scot- S\yeden. land. Sw. Swedish language, (modern). Germ. German language. Syn. Synon . Synonym, or synonymous. Gloss. GL, Glossary. Tomus ; sometimes Title. Goth. Gothic. Term. Termination. Gr. Greek language. Tweed. Tweeddale. Heb. Hebrew language. V. Vide, see; also, Volume. Hisp. Spanish language. v. Verb. Imper. Imperative. v. a. Verb active. Ir. Irish language. v. impers Verb impersonal. Isl. Islandic (or Icelandic) language. v. n. Verb neuter. Ital Italian language. vo. Voce. Jim. Sometimes for Junius. Wacht. Sometimes for Wachter. Lat. L., Latin language. Loth. Lothian. * The asterisk that signifies the word to which it is prefixed, besides the common meaning in English, is used in a different sense in Scotland. Tlie contractions of some other names will be learned from the List of Editions of Books and MSS. quoted. ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF TIIK SCOTTISH LANGUAGE. In some instances, the rule does not apply in our own time. the THIS letter, in our language, has four different Although prep, sig- is sounds : nifying from, generally pronounced frae, yet fra is also used in some parts of Scot- 1. A broad, as in E. all, wall. U is often land. Na is most generally pronounced as added, as in cald, written also cauld. In the is to written. It probable that ija, go, was termination of a word, when an inverted formerly pronounced in the same manner, comma is subjoined, as a', it is meant to retains although now gae ; because the part, intimate that the double I is cut off, accord- this sound. Ma, more, although now pro- ing to the pronunciation of Scotland. But nounced like in the of this is of modern use. W is some- may, reign Mary merely must have had the broad sound. For Skene times used for II by old writers, as aw for writes maa. The one or maa fre- all. phrase occurs De Verb. vo. quently ; Sign. Eneya. in in 2. A, lak, inak, tak, Scottish, as last, past, Where o occurs in modern E. we frequently English. use au; as auld, bauld, fauld, instead of old, 3. in alane, S. like A, lane, mane, bane, fane, bold, fold. E. The monosyllables have generally, al- A is sometimes prefixed to words, both in S. though not always, a final e quiescent. and O. E., where, it makes no alteration of 4. A, in dad, daddie, and some other words, S. the sense as which has ; abade, delay, pre- as in E. read, pret. ready, cisely the same meaning with bade. This A is used in words instead of o in E. seems to have been borrowed or derived many ; as one, bone, long, song, stone. These we from the A.-S., in which language abidan write one, bane, lang, sang, stane. For the and bidan are perfectly synon., both simply Scots preserve nearly the same orthography signifying to remain, to tarry. But in some with the Anglo-Saxons, which the English of the ancient Gothic dialects, it was used as have left as the words last mentioned cor- an intensive Thus it is still used in ; particle. to the respond A.-S. an, ban, long, sang, Isl., as afall, impetus, from falla, cadere. stan. In some of the northern as without the evil counties, Naud, prefix, signifies ; in and the of Angus Mearns, sound ee or ei anaud, great evil. G. Andr. Lex. p. 4. prevails, instead of at, in various words of Hire has made the same observation with re- this formation.