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Diversidad Y Distribución De Malváceas De La Sierra Madre Occidental

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Diversidad Y Distribución De Malváceas De La Sierra Madre Occidental INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO INTEGRAL REGIONAL UNIDAD DURANGO DIVERSIDAD Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE MALVÁCEAS DE LA SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO EN CIENCIAS EN GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL PRESENTA DAVID ALFREDO DELGADO ZAMORA DIRECTORES: DRA. MARÍA DEL SOCORRO GONZÁLEZ ELIZONDO Y DR. JORGE ALBERTO TENA FLORES Victoria de Durango, Dgo., Diciembre de 2014 David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental 1 David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental 2 David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental 3 David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo en el Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Durango del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Este estudio se desarrolló dentro del programa de trabajo del proyecto Fitodiversidad y Ecosistemas de la Sierra Madre Occidental (SIP 20141193) bajo la dirección de la Dra. M. Socorro González Elizondo y del Dr. Jorge Alberto Tena Flores. 4 David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental A todos aquellos que lo han hecho posible, en especial a mi mamá Raquel Zamora y hermano Alonso Delgado 5 David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental AGRADECIMIENTOS Hace ya más de cuatro años que tuve mi primer contacto con el Herbario CIIDIR, desde ese momento me han apoyado en toda mi trayectoria, pero en especial, me gustaría agradecer a la Dra. María del Socorro González Elizondo por su apoyo incondicional y sus enseñanzas tanto académicas como personales. Sin su apoyo y confianza nada de esto sería posible. A mi comité tutorial integrado por personas sumamente valiosas: Dra. Martha González Elizondo, M. en C. Lizeth Ruacho González, M. en C. Irma Lorena López Enríquez y Dr. Jorge Alberto Tena Flores. Muchas gracias por su paciencia y apoyo y por la revisión de este documento, así como al Dr. Marco Antonio Márquez Linares, cuyo criterio me ha ayudado a mejorar el trabajo. A todas las personas que hacen posible que el herbario CIIDIR funcione y sea un lugar tan especial, donde puedes mejorar tu vida profesional y estrechar buenos lazos de compañerismo y amistad. Muchas gracias a todos ustedes: Isela Retana, Jorge Noriega, Daniela Corral, David Ramírez. A mis amigos del herbario, Sergio Heynes, Lizeth Ruacho, Isela Retana y Norma Piedra, por su gran amistad y apoyo. A mis compañeros de la de la M. en C. en Gestión Ambiental, por su amistad, en especial a Anabel Paez, Fabián Orona y Ali Villanueva. Gracias al CIIDIR y a mis maestros de posgrado, por compartir conmigo su conocimiento y hacer su mejor esfuerzo por educar una nueva generación, gracias por invertir su tiempo y paciencia al enseñar. Al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, por otorgarme la beca para cursar mis estudios. I David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental ÍNDICE AGRADECIMIENTOS ................................................................................................................................I INDICE ....................................................................................................................................................... II LISTA DE FIGURAS................................................................................................................................ IV LISTA DE CUADROS .............................................................................................................................. VI RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................................... VII ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ VIII INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................................................................... 1 I ANTECEDENTES ................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 BIODIVERSIDAD COMO CONCEPTO ............................................................................................................... 2 1.2 IMPORTANCIA DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD .......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 IMPORTANCIA DEL ESTUDIO DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD ................................................................................. 3 1.4 CARACTERÍSTICAS GENERALES DE LA FAMILIA MALVACEAE JUSS. ........................................................ 4 1.4.1 Taxonomía y filogenia ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.4.2 Distribución .................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.4.3 Diversidad en México ............................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.4 Importancia ................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.5 SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL ....................................................................................................................... 6 II. JUSTIFICACIÓN ............................................................................................................................. 8 III. OBJETIVO ...................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................ 9 3.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ................................................................................................................................ 9 IV. HIPÓTESIS ................................................................................................................................... 10 V. METODOLOGÍA ........................................................................................................................... 11 5.1 ÁREA DE ESTUDIO ........................................................................................................................................ 11 5.1.1 Ubicación .................................................................................................................................................... 11 5.1.2 Regionalización ....................................................................................................................................... 12 5.1.3 Climas........................................................................................................................................................... 13 5.1.4 Hidrología .................................................................................................................................................. 13 5.1.5 Geología ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 5.2. ACOPIO Y ORDENACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN ............................................................................................. 13 5.3 ANÁLISIS DE LOS DATOS E INTERPRETACIÓN DE LA INFORMACIÓN .................................................... 15 5.3.1 Sinopsis Taxonómica ............................................................................................................................ 15 5.3.2 Distribución ............................................................................................................................................... 15 5.3.3 Similitud florística.................................................................................................................................. 15 5.3.4 Relación especies-ambiente ............................................................................................................... 15 5.3.5 Especies endémicas a la SMO y su estado de conservación ................................................ 16 VI RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ......................................................................................................... 20 1. RIQUEZA DE MALVACEAE EN LA SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL ............................................................. 20 2. SIMILITUD ENTRE ECORREGIONES ............................................................................................................... 25 3. RELACIÓN ESPECIES-VARIABLES AMBIENTALES ....................................................................................... 26 4. ESTADO DE CONSERVACIÓN .......................................................................................................................... 29 II David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental 4.1. Especies endémicas a la SMO............................................................................................................... 29 4.2. Estado de conservación .........................................................................................................................
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