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Botánica Iii
UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA MANUAL DE LABORATORIO 2016 BOTÁNICA III AUTORES EN ORDEN ALFABÉTICO: DR. ALFREDO AMADOR GARCÍA BIOL. LETICIA DÍAZ LÓPEZ BIOL. ROSA ISABEL FUENTES CHÁVEZ BIOL. FEDERICO HERNANDEZ VALENCIA DRA. GABRIELA DOMÍNGUEZ VÁSQUEZ DRA. SABINA IRENE LARA CABRERA DR. JUAN CARLOS MONTERO CASTRO DR. JUAN MANUEL ORTEGA RODRIGUEZ M.C. PATRICIA SILVA SÁENZ Presentación El presente manual intenta ser una referencia didáctica de las muchas que se deben tener a la mano a la hora de iniciar un trabajo botánico, florístico sistemático y/o taxonómico referente en este caso- a las Plantas con Flores, Angiospermas, Antophytas o Magnoliophytas. Dicho grupo de organismos aparece en el registro fósil desde hace aproximadamente 130 millones de años (Judd 2002) y es en la actualidad el más diversificado de los grupos vegetales. Es el que más ha colonizado distintos hábitats terrestres, el que presenta más formas de vida, formas de crecimiento, tallas, estrategias reproductivas, colores, mecanismos de polinización, de fotosíntesis (CAM, C3, C4) de nutrición hetero y micotrófica, de dispersión de semilla y de propagación etc. Es por tanto el grupo con mayor diferenciación de sus partes morfológicas vegetativas, y sobre todo, las reproductivas. Pero también es el grupo vegetal del que más dependemos los seres humanos para satisfacer diversas necesidades, sobre todo alimenticias, aunque también destacan desde las constructivas hasta las espirituales. Juegan un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento y regulación de las condiciones de los ecosistemas y la biósfera por su participación en muchos de los ciclos biogeoquímicos, regulando la cantidad y la calidad del agua, diversos gases y partículas suspendidas en la atmósfera y contenidas en el suelo. -
Inventario Florístico De La Cañada La Chacona-Juan Crispín Y Zonas Adyacentes, Depresión Central De Chiapas, México
Botanical Sciences 92 (2): 205-241, 2014 TAXONOMÍA Y FLORÍSTICA INVENTARIO FLORÍSTICO DE LA CAÑADA LA CHACONA-JUAN CRISPÍN Y ZONAS ADYACENTES, DEPRESIÓN CENTRAL DE CHIAPAS, MÉXICO JOSEFA ANAHI ESPINOSA-JIMÉNEZ1, ANGELITA LÓPEZ-CRUZ, MIGUEL ÁNGEL PÉREZ-FARRERA Y SERGIO LÓPEZ Herbario Eizi Matuda, Facultad de ciencias biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México 1Autor para la correspondencia:[email protected] Resumen: Se presenta un listado fl orístico de la Cañada La Chacona-Juan Crispín, Chiapas, dentro de los municipios de San Fer- nando, Tuxtla Gutiérrez y Berriozábal, Chiapas. Se reportan 642 especies y 31 infraespecies, agrupadas en 107 familias y 412 gé- neros; en bosque tropical caducifolio, bosque tropical subcaducifolio y bosque de Quercus. El bosque tropical caducifolio fue el de mayor riqueza. Las familias mejor representadas fueron Fabaceae, Asteraceae y Euphorbiaceae. Tillandsia, Eugenia y Euphorbia fueron los géneros con un mayor número de especies. Las hierbas conformaron la forma de crecimiento más abundante (34.4%). Se encontraron 13 especies endémicas a Chiapas y 19 de distribución restringida. Quince especies están en alguna categoría de riesgo dentro de la Norma Ofi cial Mexicana (NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010), y 12 se encuentran en la Lista Roja de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza. Aunque el grado de perturbación de la zona es alto, el área es importante por su riqueza de especies y presencia de endemismos. Palabras clave: conservación, endemismo, fl orística, riqueza, vegetación. Abstract: A fl oristic study for Cañada La Chacona-Juan Crispin, Chiapas is given. 642 species and 31 infraspecies classifi ed in 107 families and 412 genera were collected in the municipalities San Fernando, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, and Berriozábal, Chiapas, Mexi- co. -
Lista Florística
V. Sosa y A. Gómez-Pompa 163 < = Hibiscus marmoratus Lemaire < = Malvastrum mexicanum Hibiscus pemambucensis Arruda (Schauer) Hemsley Hibiscus phoeniceus J acq. < = Malvastrum ribifolium (Schldl.) < = Hibiscus iochromus Brandeg. Hemsley < = Hibiscus violaceus Brandeg. < = Malvastrum schaffneri S. Watson < = Kosteletzkya bracteosa M.E. Kosteletzkya depressa (L.) Blanchard, Jones Fryx. & D. Bates Hibiscus poeppigii (Sprengel) Garcke < = Kosteletzkya cordata C. Presl < = Achania poeppigii Sprengel < = Kosteletzkya hastata C. Presl Hibiscus purpusii Brandeg. EM < = Kosteletzkya hispida C. Presl Hibiscus radiatus Cav. C < = Kosteletzkya pentasperrna Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. C (Bertero ex DC.) Griseb. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. var. < = Kosteletzkya sagittata C. Presl schizopetalus Dyer C < = Kosteletzkya stellata Fem. < = Hibiscus schizopetalus (Dyer) < = Kosteletzkyatampicensis(Moric. Hook. ex Ser.) Rose Hibiscus sabdariffa L. C < = Kosteletzkya violacea Rose Hibiscus syriacus L. C < = Melochia depressa L. Hibiscus uncinellus DC. Lavatera assurgentiflora Kellog C Hochreutinera amplexifolia (DC.) Lopimia malacophylla (Link & Otto) Fryx. Martius < = Abutilon amplexifolium (DC.) < = Malache malacophylla (Link & G. Don Otto) Standley < = Sida amplexifolia DC. < = Pavonia malacophylla (Link & Kearnemalvastrum lacteum (Aiton) D. Otto) Garcke Bates < = Sida malacophylla Link & Otto < = Malva lactea Aiton Malachra alceaefolia Jacq. <= Malva vitifolia Cav. < = Malachra rotundifolia Schrank <= Malvastrum lacteum (Aiton) Malachra capitata L. Garcke < -
Flora Mesoamericana, Volume 3 (2), Malvaceae, Page 1 of 162
Flora Mesoamericana, Volume 3 (2), Malvaceae, page 1 of 162 Last major revison, 4 Dec. 2000. First published on the Flora Mesoamericana website, 29 Dec. 2012. 169. MALVACEAE By P.A. Fryxell. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, often stellate-pubescent; stems erect or procumbent, sometimes repent. Leaves alternate, stipulate, ovate or lanceolate (less often elliptic or orbicular), sometimes lobed or dissected, with hairs that may be stellate or simple, sometimes prickly, sometimes glandular, or rarely lepidote. Flowers solitary or fasciculate in the leaf axils or aggregated into inflorescences (usually racemes or panicles, less commonly spikes, scorpioid cymes, umbels, or heads); involucel present or absent; calyx pentamerous, more or less gamosepalous; petals 5, distinct, adnate to staminal column at base; androecium monadelphous; anthers reniform, numerous (rarely only 5); pollen spheroidal, echinate; gynoecium superior, 3-40-carpelled; styles 1-40; stigmas truncate, capitate, or decurrent. Fruits schizocarpic or capsular, sometimes a berry; seeds reniform or turbinate, pubescent or glabrous, rarely arillate. The family includes approximately 110 genera and about 1800 spp., principally from tropical and subtropical regions but with a few temperate-zone genera. Literature: Fryxell, P.A. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25: 1-522 (1988); Brittonia 49: 204-269 (1997). Kearney, T.H. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 46: 93-131 (1951). Robyns, A. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 497-578 (1965). 1. Individual flowers and fruits subtended by an involucel or epicalyx (sometimes deciduous). 2. Involucel trimerous. 3. Corolla 2-7 cm, red, rose, or purplish (rarely white); large shrubs with palmately lobed leaves. 2 4. Flowers (usually 3) in axillary umbels, the peduncles 4-17 cm; fruits subglobose, more or less inflated, papery, of 30-40 carpels; involucel sometimes deciduous. -
General View of Malvaceae Juss. S.L. and Taxonomic Revision of Genus Abutilon Mill
JKAU: Sci., Vol. 21 No. 2, pp: 349-363 (2009 A.D. / 1430 A.H.); DOI: 10.4197 / Sci. 21-2.12 General View of Malvaceae Juss. S.L. and Taxonomic Revision of Genus Abutilon Mill. in Saudi Arabia Wafaa Kamal Taia Alexandria University, Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Alexandria, Egypt [email protected] Abstract. This works deals with the recent opinions about the new classification of the core Malvales with special reference to the family Malvaceae s.l. and the morphological description and variations in the species of the genus Abutilon Mill. Taxonomical features of the family as shown in the recent classification systems, with full description of the main divisions of the family. Position of Malvaceae s.l. in the different modern taxonomical systems is clarified. General features of the genus Abutilon stated according to the careful examination of the specimens. Taxonomic position of Abutilon in the Malvaceae is given. Artificial key based on vegetative morphological characters is provided. Keywords: Abutilon, Core Malvales, Eumalvaceae, Morpholog, Systematic Position, Taxonomy. General Features of Family Malvaceae According to Heywood[1] and Watson and Dallwitz[2] the plants of the family Malvaceae s.s. are herbs, shrubs or trees with stipulate, simple, non-sheathing alternate or spiral, petiolate leaves usually with palmate vennation (often three principal veins arising from the base of the leaf blade). Plants are hermaphrodite, rarely dioecious or poly-gamo- monoecious with floral nectarines and entomophilous pollination. Flowers are solitary or aggregating in compound cymes, varying in size from small to large, regular or somewhat irregular, cyclic with distinct calyx and corolla. -
Taxonomic Studies on Some Members of the Genus Abutilon Mill
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2021, 12, 199-220 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps ISSN Online: 2158-2750 ISSN Print: 2158-2742 Taxonomic Studies on Some Members of the Genus Abutilon Mill. (Malvaceae) Dhafer A. Alzahrani1*, Enas J. Albokhari1,2, Abrar Khoj1 1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia How to cite this paper: Alzahrani, D.A., Abstract Albokhari, E.J. and Khoj, A. (2021) Tax- onomic Studies on Some Members of the The relationship between six Abutilon species was examined using different Genus Abutilon Mill. (Malvaceae). Ameri- taxonomic investigation tools. The investigation was carried out using mor- can Journal of Plant Sciences, 12, 199-220. phological and numerical studies. Fresh materials of Abutilon species were https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2021.122012 collected from different localities in Saudi Arabia during 2018 and 2019. Nu- Received: January 10, 2021 merical analysis was based on the Principle Coordinates, the Principle Com- Accepted: February 23, 2021 ponent and the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Algorithm Published: February 26, 2021 Clustering. The results indicated that there were significant differences based Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and on the morphological characters especially in the leaves, fruits and flowers Scientific Research Publishing Inc. features. Morphometric studies revealed that the six species of Abutilon This work is licensed under the Creative clearly separated in all different analysis. Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Keywords Open Access Taxonomy, Malvaceae, Abutilon, Morphological Characters, Morphometric Analysis, UPGMA, PCoA, PCA 1. -
Paleocene Malvaceae from Northern South America
American Journal of Botany 98(8): 1337–1355. 2011. P ALEOCENE MALVACEAE FROM NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA AND THEIR BIOGEOGRAPHICAL IMPLICATIONS 1 M ó nica R. Carvalho 2 – 4,7 , Fabiany A. Herrera 3,5 , Carlos A. Jaramillo 3 , Scott L. Wing 6 , and Ricardo Callejas 2 2 Instituto de Biolog í a, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell í n, Colombia; 3 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, CTPA, Panama City, Panama; 4 Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA; 5 Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA; and 6 Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C. 20013 USA • Premise of the study: The clade Bombacoideae + Malvoideae ( ‘ Malvatheca group ’ sensu Baum et al.) in Malvaceae comprises a mostly tropical lineage with derived taxa that now thrive in higher latitudes. The sparse fossil record, especially for Malvoid- eae, obscures interpretations of past distributions. We describe fossil leaves of Malvoideae from the middle-late Paleocene Cerrej ó n Formation in Colombia, which contains evidence for the earliest known neotropical rainforest. • Methods: Fifty-six leaf compressions belonging to Malvaceae were collected from the Cerrej ó n Formation in northern Colom- bia. Leaf architectural characters were scored and optimized for 81 genera of Malvaceae. Synapomorphic characters and unique character combinations support natural affi nities for the fossil leaves. Fossil pollen from the same formation was also assessed. • Key results: Despite convergence of overall leaf architecture among many Malvaceae, Malvaciphyllum macondicus sp. nov. can be assigned to the clade Eumalvoideae because of distal and proximal bifurcations of the costal secondary and agrophic veins, a synapomorphy for this clade. -
Malvaceae, Subfamily Malvoideae) As Inferred from Its Sequence Data1
American Journal of Botany 92(4): 584±602. 2005. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE TRIBE MALVEAE (MALVACEAE, SUBFAMILY MALVOIDEAE) AS INFERRED FROM ITS SEQUENCE DATA1 JENNIFER A. TATE,2,7 JAVIER FUERTES AGUILAR,3 STEVEN J. WAGSTAFF,4 JOHN C. LA DUKE,5 TRACEY A. BODO SLOTTA,6 AND BERYL B. SIMPSON2 2Section of Integrative Biology and Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 USA; 3Real JardõÂn BotaÂnico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo, 2. 28014, Madrid, Spain; 4Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand; 5Department of Biology, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202 USA; and 6Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA Phylogenetic relationships among genera of tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) were reconstructed using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 18S±26S nuclear ribosomal repeat. Newly generated sequences were combined with those available from previous generic level studies to assess the current circumscription of the tribe, monophyly of some of the larger genera, and character evolution within the tribe. The ITS data do not support monophyly of most generic alliances as presently de®ned, nor do the data support monophyly of several Malveae genera. Two main well-supported clades were recovered, which correspond primarily to taxa that either possess or lack involucral bracts, respectively. Chromosomal evolution has been dynamic in the tribe with haploid numbers varying from n 5 5 to 36. Aneuploid reduction, hybridization, and/or polyploidization have been important evolutionary processes in this group. Key words: Bayesian analysis; ITS; Malvaceae; Malveae; Malvoideae; molecular phylogeny; parsimony analysis. -
Diversidad Y Distribución De Malváceas De La Sierra Madre Occidental
INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO INTEGRAL REGIONAL UNIDAD DURANGO DIVERSIDAD Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE MALVÁCEAS DE LA SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO EN CIENCIAS EN GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL PRESENTA DAVID ALFREDO DELGADO ZAMORA DIRECTORES: DRA. MARÍA DEL SOCORRO GONZÁLEZ ELIZONDO Y DR. JORGE ALBERTO TENA FLORES Victoria de Durango, Dgo., Diciembre de 2014 David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental 1 David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental 2 David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental 3 David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo en el Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Durango del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Este estudio se desarrolló dentro del programa de trabajo del proyecto Fitodiversidad y Ecosistemas de la Sierra Madre Occidental (SIP 20141193) bajo la dirección de la Dra. M. Socorro González Elizondo y del Dr. Jorge Alberto Tena Flores. 4 David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental A todos aquellos que lo han hecho posible, en especial a mi mamá Raquel Zamora y hermano Alonso Delgado 5 David Alfredo Delgado Zamora CIIDIR-IPN Durango Maestría en Ciencias en Gestión Ambiental AGRADECIMIENTOS Hace ya más de cuatro años que tuve mi primer contacto con el Herbario CIIDIR, desde ese momento me han apoyado en toda mi trayectoria, pero en especial, me gustaría agradecer a la Dra.