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.. .. " . " _ ... ,,~t ~';, ... d"'''' '~'" ':~'.~>'.-.' A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES ~OF HIBISCUS SECTION c::>­ 0 CO- !::= .-­en ~BOMBICELLA 0) 0 0... \.!') I..W 0 :z::: !(MALVACEAE)

<:::\ UNITED STATES TECHNICAL PREPARED BY Il DEPARTMENT OF BULLETIN SCIENCE AND 8 AGRICULTURE NUMBER 1624 EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF HIBISCUS SECTION BOMBICELLA (MALVACEAE)

By PAUL A. FRYXELL

- UNITED. STATES TECHNICAL PREPARED BY DEPARTMENT OF BULLETIN SCIENCE AND G AGRICULTURE NUMBER 1624 EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful to R. Magill, R. Rollins, and L. Heckard for helping locate information relevant to the typification of various taxa; to O. J. Blanchard, Jr., for permission to cite unpublished chromo­ sume counts he has made; and to D. M. Bates, S. D. Koch, and T. L. Wendt for invaluable assistance in fieldwork involving some of the species included herein. I also wish to thank the responsible officials of the various herbaria cited herein for assistance and cooperation in studyingspecimens in their care. I especially wish to thank Geyata Ajilvsgi for making an extra effort to locate additional specimens of H. acapulcensis. Jose F. M. Valls provided useful information on the collecting activities of E. M. Reineck in Rio Grande do SuI, Brazil. The research reported in this publication was done in cooperation with the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

I"ul' sui,' h.I' lll~ ~llp\'l'illll'III"'lIt of /.1(1('11111('11(". I·,~. C:"I','rllIII('U( l'rl II t.I III( Olllc,' ii WII"IIIII):lol1. 11.f'. :!!HQ2 ABSTRACT

A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF HIBISCUS SECTION BOMBICELLA (MALVACEAE), by Paul A. Fryxell. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 1624. 'IWenty-one species of Hibiscus, seven of them newly described, are treated. They range in distribution from the southern United States (Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona) to northwestern South America (Venezuela to Peru), including the West Indies and Central America. All but one of the species occur in Mexico, which is the area of principal development of the section. Chromosome counts (2n = 22) are known for six of the species. Most of the species are subshrubs of relatively arid habitats, and most have showy (though sometimes small) flowers. The colors may be bright yellow, scarlet, lavender, or sometimes white. One lavender-flowered species (H. lavateroides) has been cultivated as a garden or­ namental to a limited extent. Some of the scarlet-flowered species have exserted genitalia similar to Malvaviscus and Periptera, three groups that well may have common pollinators. Other species of section Bombicella from beyond the Amer­ icas (Africa, Asia, Australia) are not treated in the present work. Keywords: Bombicella, Central America, Hibiscus spp., MaLvaceae, North America, South America, systematic botany, West Indies.

iii CONTENTS

Page Acknowledgments...... 11 Abstract...... 111

Hibiscus sect. Bombicella ...... 1 Key to the American species of Hibiscus sect. Bombicella...... 3 1. Hibiscus phoeniceus Jacquin...... 6 2. Hibiscus purpusii Brandegee ...... 10 3. Hibiscusjaliscensis Fryxell...... 10 4. Hibiscus ribifolius A. Gray ...... 12 5. Hibiscus citrinus Fryxell ...... 14 6. Hibiscus acicularis Standiey...... 16 7. Hibiscus biseptus S. Watson ...... 19 8. Hibiscus elegans Standley ...... 22 9. Hibiscus cOlllteri Harvey ex A. Gray ...... 23 10. Hibiscus poeppigii (Sprengel) Garcke ...... 27 11. Hibiscus nelsonii Rose & Standley ex Standley...... 30 12. Hibiscus spiralis Cavanilles ...... 32 13. Hibiscus peripleroides FryxelL ...... 32 14. Hibiscus colimensis Fryxell...... 35 15. Hibiscus acapulcensis Fryxell...... 35 16. Hibiscus kochii Fryxell ...... 38 17. Hibiscus lauateroides Moricand ...... 40 18. Hibiscus escobariae Fryxell ...... 42 19. Hibiscus longifilus Fryxell...... 42 20. Hibiscus cardiophylills A. Gray...... 45 21. Hibiscus denudatus Bentham...... 47

Literature cited...... 50 Index to collectors...... 51 Index of species...... 53

ILLUSTRATION S

Fig. 1. Pubescence characters in neotropical species of Hihiscus sect. Bomhi­ cella...... 5 2. Hibiscus phoeniceus ...... 8 3. Hibiscus purpusii ...... 11 4. Hibiscusjaliscensis...... 12 5.. Distribution of Hibiscusjaliscensis, H. ribifolius, and H. cilrinus . . . 13 6. Hibiscus ribifolius ...... 14 7. Hibiscus citrin us ...... 15 8. Distribution of Hibiscus aciclliaris and H. biseptlls ...... 17 9. Hibiscus acicularis ...... E

v ~ p. 10. Hibiscus biseptus . .. , , . , ...... 20 11. Distribution of Hibiscus elegans and H. coulteri...... 21 12. Hibiscus elegans ...... , ...... 22 13. Hibiscus coulteri ...... , . . . 24 14. Distribution of several red-flowered species of Hibiscus...... 28 15. Hibiscus poeppigii ...... , ...... 29 16, Hibiscus nelsonii ...... , , , ...... , .... , . . 31 17. Hibiscus spiralis ...... , .... , , ...... , ...... 33 18. Hibiscus peripteroides ...... , ...... , ...... , . 34 19. Hibiscus colimensis ...... 36 20. Hibiscus acapllicensis , ...... ,.. 37 21. Hibiscus kochii ...... 39 22. Hibiscus lauateroides ...... , ...... 41 23. Hibiscus escobariae...... 43 24. Hibiscus longifillis ..... , ...... , ...... , . , , ...... 44 25. Hibiscus cardiophylllls ...... , ...... ",.... 46 26. Hibiscus denudatlls ...... , ...... 48

Issued November 1980

vi A Revision of the American Species of Hibiscus Section Bombicella (Malvaceae)

By Paul A. Fry;;el\l

The genus Hibiscus L. is pantropical and sub­ chard, 1976). Keys to the North and South Ameri­ tropical in distribution, with some species extend­ can species of Hibiscus have been published (Kear­ ing into the Temperate Zones, especially those of ney, 1955, 1957), and various floras are available section Muenchhu$ia (Fabr.) Blanchard. The genus that include the genus as represented in the areas was treated comprehensively by Willdenow (1800) covered by those floras (e.g., Gurke, 1892; Standley, and de Candolle (1824) and was monographed by 1923; Hauman, 1963; Correll & Johnston, 1970). Hochreutiner (1900), but these treatments are now But I am aware of no revisionary study subsequent obsolete in many respects. Subsequent treatments to Hochreutiner's of 1900 that has dealt with the have been largely regional (Rakshit & Kundu, 1970; group reported here. Of the 21 species included here, Roe, 1961; Rodrigo, 1948) or have dealt only with a 12 are new since Hochreutiner's revision, including segment of the genus (e.g., Wilson, 1974; Blan­ 7 proposed in the present treatment.

HIBISCUS sect. BOMBICELLA de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 452. 1824.

Based on: Bombix Medikus, Malv.-Fam. 44.1787. Type species: Hibiscus phoen­ iceus Jacquin. Bombycella (DC.) Lindley, Veg. Kingd. ed. ii. 370. 1847. Synonym: Hibiscus sect. Cremontia Commerson ex de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 446. 1824. Lectotype species (here designated): Hibiscus spiralis Cavan­ illes. H. spiralis is chosen as the lectotype ofHibiscus section Cremon­ tia because the description of the section given by de Candolle empha­ sizes the malvaviscoid corolla, which, of those species included by him, is best expressed by H. spiralis.

Small perennial shrubs 0.5-2 m tall, heterotri­ lines decurrent on the stems from the base of the chous, often with grayish bark on older stems. stipules. Leaf blades simple, lobed, or deeply parted Stems often green, terete, glabrate or with sparse to (often trifoliolate in H. couiteri), glabrate or stel­ dense pubescence, the hairs simple and sometimes late-pubescent, the hairs on the upper surface often scabrid, stellate and few to many-armed (tufted or sparser and fewer-armed (sometimes simple) than appressed, the appressed hairs in certain species 4­ those on the lower surface, concolorous 01' discolo\'­ armed, the arms oriented 2-by-2 parallel with the ous, with an obscure nectary or nectariferous zone st!!m axis), or simple, minute, and recurved, the at the base of the midrib beneath, coarsely to finely recurved hairs, when present, occurring in 2 narrow serrate to crenate or subentire, cordate, truncate, or cuneate, acuminate, acute 01' obtuse, palmately 3-7-nerved. Petioles approximately equaling lam­ IResearch geneticist, Science and Education AdministraUon, ina to much shorter than lamina, usually with pu­ U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Drawer ON, College Sta. bescence like that of stem, sometimes in addition tion, Tex. 77840. with zone of minute, simple, recurved hairs on

1 adaxial side. Stipules subulate to linear, pubescent (or the seed hairs suppressed in H. cardiophyllus). or glabrous, sometimes erect, persistent, and spini­ Cotyledons cordate, ovate, obtuse or sometimes re­ form, often with a condyloid base. Peduncles in the tuse, the margins ciliate. Chromosome number axils of the leaves, solitary (except in subsessile (where known): 2n=22. glomerules in H. purpusiil, up to 18 cm long, usu­ ally with pubescence like that of stem, sometimes Section Bombicella may be distinguished from in addition with a row of minute, simple, recurved other sections of H ibisCllS by several characters. As hdirs on adaxial side, generally articulated 0.4-2.5 the name suggests, the silky-haired seeds are dis­ em below flower, the pedicel often more densely tinctive for their vestiture; however, one species of pubescent above the articulation. Bracts of the in­ the section (H. cardiophyllllS) has the seed hairs volucel (6-)8-10(-20), usually distinct but some­ suppressed. Species represen ting other sections times connate at base, persistent, often arcuate, someti.mes have hairy seeds (e.g., H. mlltabilis L.), variously pubescent, sometimes prominently cil­ but the hairs are shorter and otherwise different in iate.hispid, linear, lanceolate, or spatulate, shorter chamcter. than to longer than calyx (in H. denudatus much Most of the species of section Bombicella have shorter than calyx or wholly suppressed). Calyx longitudinally striped immature fruits, 5 dark­ gamosepalous, deeply to shallowly 5-lobed, cam­ green stripes on a paler green background, a pattern panulate to cylindrical or even slightly urceolate; that appears to be confined to this group. lobes short-triangular to long-acuminate, shorter Foliar nectaries apparently occur in most or all to much longer than the tube, more or less promi­ representatives of this section at the base of the nently 3-5-nerved, variously pubescent, sometimes midrib, either as discrete structures or as poorly prominently ciliate with pungent hairs, sometimes differentiated nectariferous zones. These nectaries brownish, sometimes yellowish toward base of tube, are often obscure in dried specimens because of greenish otherwise, rarely with reddish pigmenta­ their weak differentiation, however, and are some­ tion on tips of lobes. Petals yellow, white, lavender, times further hidden by pubescence. They are more rose, or scarlet, with or without a dark spot at base, readily demonstrable in living specimens, where the usually showy and exceeding the calyx, the corolla actual exudation of nectar may be observed. The rotate, campanuliform, or cylindrical (malvavis­ nectaries nevertheless appear to be characteristic coid), usually ciliate or bearded on claw, internally of this group, although they also occur in other glabrous, externally glabrous or somewhat pubes­ sections of Hibiscus, in other genera of the Malva­ cent, especially where exposed in bud. Androecium ceae, and indeed in other families. included or exserted, the column glabrous or pubes­ The narrow rows of minute recurved hairs that cent, usually pallid (rarely purplish), surmounted are sometimes found on the stems and on the adax­ by 5 sterile teeth, antheriferous in upper portion or i.al sides of the petioles and peduncles of many spe­ nearly throughout; filaments often paired or oth­ cies of section Bombicella are distinctive and are erwise associated, glabrous, 1-5 mm long (except generally not found in other sections of Hibiscus. 10-18 mm in H.longifilus); anthers usually numer­ However, they are known to occur in such other ous, pallid (sometimes lavender or reddish); pollen genera as Puuonia, Maluauiscus, and Kostletzhya yellow-orange or red-orange, spheroidal, echinate. (and also in other families) and so are not unique to Styles 5, more or less exserted from staminal col­ section Bombicella, simply characteristic of it. umn, free distally, connate proximally (within These rows of specialized hairs are most strongly staminal column), usually pallid, glabrous or pi­ expressed in H. biseptus, in H. poeppigii, and (at lose, ultimately recurving; stigmas capitate, often least on the petioles and pedicels) in H. acicuiaris. purplish, short-pubescent. Fruits capsular, ovoid to They are weakly or variably expressed in H. lava· oblong, 5-loculed, when immature pale green with teroides, H. phoeniceus, H. purpusii, H. spiraiis, H. 5 longitudinal dark-green stripes opposite the septa citrinus, H. peripteroides, and H. ribifolius and are (alternate with the sutures of dehiscence) becoming rarely if at all expressed in the other species. straw-colored at maturity, glabrous or pubescent, The distinctive and specialized stellate hairs the hairs stellate or simple and antrorsely strigose, found on the stems ofH. coulteri, H. acicularis, and completely dehiscent loculicidally, the carpel walls H. elegans are predominantly appressed and 4­ often flaring widely. Seeds numerous, reniform, se­ armed with the arms oriented2-by-2 longitudinally riceous, the hairs equaling or longer than the di­ with the axis of the stem. Tendencies toward this ameter of the seed, sordid white, tan, or brownish specialization occur in a few other species of section

2 Bombicella. Similar hairs are also found, for exam­ long silky hairs on the seeds and other characters ple, in Maluastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke of the section. Chromosome numbers have been and Sida ciliaris L. Although they are distinctively reported (Skovsted, 1941; Bates, 1976) for four of specialized, such hairs have not been given a de­ the American species (H. biseptus; H. phoeniceus, scriptive name as far as I am aware (see Payne, as H. brasiliensis; H. cardiophylius; and H. denu­ 1978). datus), all of which have 2n=22. The same number A preliminary evaluation suggested that the has also been found in H. lauateroides and H. poep­ group of species treated here as a single taxon, sec­ pigii (0. J. Blanchard, Jr., in a letter to me, 1977). tion Bombicella, in fact represents two or more Chromosome numbers have been reported for ford' constituent taxa: one comprising the yellow-flow­ of the African species (Skovsted, 1941), one of whil!h ered species with linear involucellar bracts; another (H. pllsillllS Thunberg) also has 2n = 22. The others, the red-flowered species with tubular corollas and however, have been reported as 2n=32 (H. mutatus exserted genitalia; and perhaps a third including N. E. Brown, H. ferruginells Cavanilles) or 2n = 64 the lavender- to red-flowered species with open co­ (H. micranthus). Moreover, Blanchard reports (in rollas, included genitalia, and broader involucral the same letter) that the Australian H. brachysi­ bracts. These patterns do tend to be three modal phonius has 2n = 54. This karyological polymorph­ expressions, exemplified by H. coulteri, H. poeppi­ ism indicates the need for additional chromosome gii, and H. longifillls, respectively. But a considera­ counts in the section and for the correlating of this tion of all of the species and all of the characters karyological data with morphological and other in­ shows that the variation is not discontinuous. Most formation to determine natural species groupings. of the characters studied bridge these three The American species of Hibiscus sect. Bombi­ "groups" in such a way that it is impossible to dis­ cella have become adapted principally to two hab­ tinguish them clearly. Therefore, they are not dis­ itats. Although these two habitats are distinct in tinguished but are merged into a single broad their extreme expressions, ecological intergt'ada­ taxon, treated here as section Bombicella. tions exist between them. On the one hand, certain In addition to the American species that are the species (e.g., H. ribifolius. H. denudatlls, H. cOlll­ subject of this paper, Hibiscus sect. Bombicella ap­ teri) are adapted to desert habitats of extreme arid­ parently includes some Australian species (e.g., H. ity and generally grow in fully exposed localities. brachysiphonills F. MuelJ.) and a number of Afri­ On the other hand, other species (e.g., H. phoeni­ can species (see Exell, 1961, species treated as Series celiS, H. peripteroides, H. }lOchii) tend to occur in Bombycella, and Hauman, 1963, species treated as shady habitats, usually in seasonally dry wood­ Group V), of which the polymorphic H. micranthus lands. The plants are often low, sparingly branched, Linn. fil. is perhaps the best known. Many of these and few-leaved; they are thus often inconspicuous, species have the number of bracts in the involucel especially as understory slibshrllbs in the woodland reduced to 5-8 (as they are in the Mexican H. pur­ habitat, except when their brightly colored flowers pusii); nearly all of the species have the distinctive are visible.

Key to the American Species of Hibiscus sect. Bombicella

See figure 1 for pubescence characteristics.

A. Corolla yellow (Mexico, Arizllna, and Texas) ...... B. A. Corolla rose, lavender, pink, red, or sometimes white (West Indies, Florida, Texas, and Mexico to South America) ...... 1. B. Petals yellow-green, less than 1 cm long; capsules 5-7 mm long, subsessile in axillary glomerules (Veracruz and Oaxaca) ..... 2. H. purpusii, p.lO. B. Petals bright-yellow, at least 1.5 cm long; capsules 6-16 mm long, solitary, pedunculate ...... C. C. Calyx 6-8{-9) mm long; petals ca. 2 cm long, lacking dark basal spot; capsules antrorsely strigose (western Mexico) ...... D. C. Calyx 8-28 mm long; petals 2-4.5 cm long, basal spot sometimes present ...... E.

3 D. Involucellar bracts exceeding the calyx; peduncles 1-B cm long; petioles up to 25 mm long (Sinaloa and Sonora) ...... 5. H. citrinus, p. 14. D. Involucellar bracts subequal to calyx; peduncles 0.5-1.B cm long; petioles no more than 5 mm long (Jalisco and Edo. Mexico) ...... 3. H.jaliscensis, p. 10. E. Calyx usually less than 2 cm long; capsules often antrorsely stri~ose at least at apex ...... F. E. Calyx more than 2 cm long; simple hairs on calyx and involucel often more than 2 mm long; capsules usually glabrous...... H. F. Stem hairs stellate, 3-6-armed; calyx with stellate hairs; capsule densely strigose throughout, 9-16 mm long (Baja California) ...... 4. H. ribifolius, p. 12. F. Stem hairs appressed, 4-armed; calyx with simple hairs (1.0-)1.5-2 mm long or subglabrous; capsule sparsely strigose at apex (rarely glabrous), 7­ 12 mm long ...... G. G. Stigmas 1.2-1.7-mm diam., with villi to 1 mm long; filaments 2.5-3 mm long; stem hairs yellowish; petals 2.5-4.5 cm long; corolla in bud externally stellate­ pabescent (central Mexico):! ...... B. H. elegans, p. 22. G. Stigmas to 1-mm diam., with villi less than 0.5 mm long; filaments 1.5-2 mm long; stem hairs silvery white; petals 2-4 cm long; corolla in bud externally glabrous (northern Mexico and southwestern U.S.):l .. " 9. H. coulteri, p. 23 .. H. Bracts of the involucel 9-11; stem hairs spreading, dimorphic, sometimes pungent; leaves usually palmately parted; petioles up to 6 em long (north­ western Mexico and Arizona) ...... 7. H. biseptus, p. 19. H. Bracts of the involucellO-15(-20); stem hairs appressed, 4-armed; leaves lanceolate to hastately 3-lobed; petioles up to 2 cm long (northern Mex­ ico) ...... 6. H. acicularis, p. 16. I. Androecium and stigmas notably exserted4 at anthesis; corolla more or less tubular; calyx lobes usually shorter than the calyx tube ...... J. I. Androecium and stigmas included or approximately equaling the petals; co­ rolla campanuliform or rotate; calyx lobes as long as the calyx tube or longer ...... P. J. Capsule stellate-hispid throughout (Florida, West Indies, eastern Mexico, and Guatemala) ...... 10. H.poeppigii, p. 27. J. Capsule glabrous or antrorsely strigose, at least at apex (Mexico) .... K. K. Bracts of the involucel markedly stipitate-spatulate, 2-4.5 mm wide; calyx lobes rounded to obtuse, densely hispid ...... 1l. H. nelson ii, p. 30. K. Bracts of the involucellinear to weakly spatulate, 0.5-3 mm wide; calyx lobes acute ...... L. L. Involucel basally condyloid; styles with long (l-mm) white hairs; stigmas prominent (more than twice the diameter of the style); bractlets narrowly lanceolate to weakly spatulate; petioles more than 10 mm long (Edo. Mexico and Distrito Federal) ...... 12. H. spira/is, p. 32. L. Involucel basally rounded; styles glabrous; stigmas inconspicuous (only twice the diameter of the style); bractlets linear; petioles 3-7 mm long ...... M.

--_....­ ~t)ee di~~·u5~i()n of h.'uf $httpp under H. ('/eKlllls. It)p(' di5('ul'siO n or leafshap£' under H. ('/r'KIIIl ..... ISeveral of these species are upparel1ll~' protogynous. with thp st~'l('s lind stigmus being first exser('d and the staminulco]umn elongating subsequently.

4 . UPPER LOWER STEMS LEAF LEAF FRUITS , SURFACE SURFACE ~ VI H. phoeniceus y,( X ~*~*l i.Y ~fI J H.jaliscensis \1 ~i--)- ,', I I I \ I X'** ~J ..~ H. ribifolius YX * ~X ;. 'I< * ~ H. citrinus ~)<.* -.j V~ AY ~I ~ H. biseptuB Yx ;:.:~ \y YA J ~ '4/ /\ H. acicularis ~ X ,(y >-- y r\ H. coulteri X X '/.. X ~ ~ X Y ~ H. elegans ~~ yJ... X ~ >< tf('I!'~ H.purpusii X Y X ~X* .. ~ '1/1 H. poeppigii ~X'* ::::~ }.-.y ~ ..l.V -~ H.lauateroides ..!,X~* \J/ V -< Y- &~ H. escobariae YxX ~ :£::::"" ~yx >-Y--I­~ H. neL50nii X *-x- -t >f- * ~ H. spiralis J.. x)f -X- \.\1, ** '\./ >-X .~ H. peripteroides \/ i ~ 'f ~/ >-x ~ H. colimensi.~ YX}( ,,(X.>t y+)< ~I I H. acapulcenBis ,J.-X'* -¥ '7.... -+- +- ;< ~ H. koch;; + X A X K + ~ H.longifilus -Y** /\ H. cardiophyllus ***~ x* *>f- * P\ H. rlenudalus * =* ¥ -* I~()L FIGURE 1. - Pube&'ence chara<:ters in neotropical spedes of Hibiscus sect. Bomb/cel/a. The diagrams indicBtl' the kinds or hairs present and their orientation or lack of it, but not their s~e or density. or whether' they may Iw lost in ag€.'. till' tis$ue becoming glabrate. The minute lines of curved hail'l' (symbolized as i!:) present on the stems Iand petioles and pedurwll!S) ,Ire indica led only in those species where they are prominent or reliably present: they ar(' also variably pr('s(,llt in sev('ral other spec:il's. In alll·nses. consult the extended descriptions fflr details.

5 M. Involucel13-17 mm long; calyx slightly urceolate with dark-tipped lobes ...... N. M. Involucel9-14 mm long; calyx cylindrical with green lobes ...... O. N. Capsule glabrous, 10 mm long, included in urceolate calyx; peduncles 1-3 cm long, articulated 8-14 mm below flower; petals glabrous; stipules 4-7 mm long; involucellar bracts connate basally for 1-1.5 mm (Guerrero) ...... 15. H. acapuicensis, p. 35. N. Capsules antrorsely strigose, 12 mm long; peduncles 0.5-2 cm long, artic­ ulated 4-7 mm below flower; petals stellate-pubescent externally; stip­ ules 5-13 mm long; involucellar bracts nearly distinct (Oaxaca) ...... 16. II. kochii, p. 38. O. Bracts of the involucel basally connate for 2-4 mm, 1-3 mm broad; leaves finely dentate, ca. 4-5 teeth per cm (Oaxaca) .....13. H. peripteroides, p. 32. O. Bracts of the involucel distinct, 1-1.5 mm broad; leaves coarsely dentate, 1-2 teeth per cm (Colima) ...... 14. H. colimensis, p. 35. P. Capsules stellate-pubescent apically; calyx 9-12 mm long; petals 3-4 cm long, lavender to nearly white ...... Q. P. Capsules glabrous or antrorsely strigose; calyx 6-30 mm long; petals 1-4 cm long, whitish, lavender, or red ...... R. Q. Calyx 16-19 mm long; peduncles 2-8 cm long; involucellar bracts spatulate, 3 mm broad in flower to 5.5 mm broad in fruit; anthers yellowish, the filaments 2-4 mm long; styles with scattered hairs ...... 17. H. lavateroides, p. 40. Q. Calyx 12-16 mm long; peduncles 0.5-2 cm iong; involucellar bracts linear, 0.5­ 0.8 mm broad; anthers dark-red, the filaments 1 mm long; styles glabrous (Ecuador) ...... 18. H. escobariae, p. 42. R. Bracts of the involucel linear and subulate, sometimes absent; corolla rose or lavender (sometimes white); calyx 6-15 mm long ...... S. R. Bracts of the involucel lanceolate, oblanceolate, or spatulate; corolla bright-red; calyx 15-30 mm long ...... T. S. Stems and foliage moderately pubescent to glabrate, the stellate hairs with fewer than 6 radii; bracts of the involucel well-developed but variable, often exceeding the calyx (West Indies and Mexico to northern South America) ...... , ...... 1. H. phoeniceus, p. 6. S. Stems and foliage densely yellow-pubescent, the stellate hairs with 6-10 radii; bracts of the involucel suppressed, much shorter than the calyx or sometimes absent (northwestern Mexico, southwestern United States) ...... 21. H. denudatus, p. 47. T. Peduncles less than 3.5 cm long at anthesis; petioles less than 112 the length of lamina; involucellar bracts often 1/2 the length of calyx or less at an­ thesis; androecium equaling corolla, the filaments 10-18 mm long; seeds sericeous (cellLral Mexico)...... 19. H. longifilus, p. 42. T. Peduncles 4-11 cm long; petioles more than 1/2 the length of lamina; involucellar bracts more than 1/2 the length of calyx at anthesis; androe­ cium included, the filaments 2-5 mm long; seeds subglabrous (northern Mexico and Texas) ...... '. 20. H. cardiophyllus, p. 45.

1. Hibiscus phoenicells Jacquin, Hort. Vindob. 3: Herb. Willd. as IDC microfiche; p. as IDe microfiche). HilJiscl/s pll()enicells var. albiflorll.~ Gurke. Mart. Fl. Bras. 11. t. 14. 1776. Type: ofacquin S.Il. (EM). Bombix 12(;l): 5fi7. 1HfJ2. phoenicea Medikus, Malv. Fam. 44.1787. HibisclIs c(I['(Jnillesianlls H.B.K.. Gen. Sp. Nov. 5: 2f)O. 1.823. Type: in ripa fluminis HmaZOlHlm. prope Tomependa. HibLscll.~ bellllifolius H.B.K.. Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 202. tH2;!. Hllmboldt & BOllp!(lnd .7609 (P, as microfiche). Type: prope eumann. Humboldt & Bonpland 112.5 (B. l:libis('wl cO!lImbilllls Moe. & Se!\.~e ex de Candolie, Prodr. 1:

6 452. 1824. Type: FI. Mex. leon. Inffiit. No. 78, as IDC divided; lobes acute or acumin"t;e, 1-3-veined, mi­ microfiche. nutely stellate-pubescent or hispidulous to gla­ Hibiscus sylvatiells Bentham, PI. Hartw. 114. 184:3. Type: brate, with ciliate margins. Corolla lavender (some­ ECUADOR: in sylvis prope Guayaquil, Hartlceg 6:19 (K, 2 sheets). Hibisclls brasiliensis var. syfmticus (Benth.l times white), rotate; petals (0.6-)1-2 cm long, Hochr., Annuaire Conserv. Jan!. Bot. Geneve 4: HH. 1900. glabrl)us within, sparsely stellate-pubescent with­ Hibiscus negleetus Wright in Sam·alle, Anal. Acad. Ci. Mee!. out where exposed in bud, ciliate on claw. Staminal Habana 5: ~40. 1868. Type: CUBA: allado del rio en Santa column glabrous, 4-12 mm long (shorter than pet­ Catalina Guantanamo, Wright S.Il. (K). als), pallid, staminiferous through most of length, HibiselJ.~ rigidus Mac. & Sesse, PI. Nov. Hisp. ed. ii. 105. 189:3 (non Linn. til., 1781). the filaments 1~2(-4} mm long, rarely secund; an­ Hibiscus violaceus Brandegee, Zoe 5: 211. 1905. Type: MEX­ thers yellowish; pollen yellowish to yellow-orange. ICO: SINALOA: Culiacan, I Oct 1904, Brandegee s.n. (hol­ Styles 5, exceeding staminal column by 1-5 mm otype: UC; isotype: US). (slightly exceeding petals), slender, often reddish, HibisclJ.9 iochromus Brandegee, Uni\'. Calif. Pub!. Bot. ;3: glabrous; stigmas capitate, 0.5-0.9-mm diam., pur­ :385. 1909. Type: MEXICO: PUEBLA, PUl7JUS 3,527 (holo­ type: UC; isotypes: BM. MO, US). plish, usually villous. Capsule 9-13 mm long, ovoid Kostefetzkya bracteosa M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 15: 147. to globose, sparsely to dem;ely strigose, the hairs 1929. Type: MEXICO: SINALOA, JOlles 22863 (POM). antrorse, dehiscent to the base, the carpel walls spreading widely. Seeds reniform, 2.5 mm long, Distribution: West Indies and Mexico to northern South brownish, densely sericeous, the hairs to 4 mm long, America, from near sea level to 1,000 m. Hihiscus phocniceus has not been reported from Brazil, except for a probably cul,i­ brownish. (Fig. 2.) vated specimen from Porto Alegre. Brazil: .Jan l8B8. Reilleclle s.n. {OJ. Hibiscus phoeniceus is relatively variable in such Shrub 1-1.5 m tall. Stems green, sparsely pubes­ chaTacters as pubescence, leaf form (fig. 2) corolla cent (to glabrate), the hairs stellate, 3-5(-7)­ size, and relative length of calyx and involucel. Its armed, appressed, small (the arms 0.5 mm long), small lavender corollas are characteristic, but var­ sometimes also with narrow lines of simple curved iants with pure white corollas are known, for which hairs decurrent from the stipules. Leaf lamina lan­ Gurke published the name H. phoeniceus val'. al­ ceolate to ovate, sometimes 3-lobed or 3-parted, biflorus. Such plants do not appear to differ in any subcordate to truncate, serrate or crenate, acute or character other than corolla color, however, and so sometimes acuminate, up to 10 cm long. 6 em broad are not given taxonomic recognition here. Cleisto­ (usually much smaller), palmately 3-5-nerved. gamic flowers are occasionally produced, presum­ with a nectariferous zone at base of midrib, on lower ably in response to adverse growing conditions. surface sparsely stellate-pubescent, the hairs pre­ This species is frequently referred to in the liter­ dominantly 3-armed (sometimes 4-5-armed), min­ ature as Hibiscus brasiliensis Linnaeus (Sp. PI. ed. utely scabridulous on veins. the upper surface ii. 977.1763. upon which is based Pauonia brasilien­ sparsely stellate-pubescent to glabrate, the hairs sis (L.) Spreng. Syst. 3: 100. 1826), This Linnaean tending to be smaller, fewer-armed, and preferen­ name has been rejected by numerous authors in tially (antrorsely) oriented but sometimes with application to this species. a view with which I simple antrorse hairs 1 mm long predominating. agree. Linnaeus provides a description and cites Petioles 0.5-3 cm long, usually 1/:, (to 12) the length Plumier "Spec. 1 ic. Hi!). f.1. ?". The absence of a of lamina, on adaxial side with prominent row of specimen in the Linndean herbarium and the "?" simple curved hairs, otherwise sparsely stellate-pu­ added by Linnaeus \.0 the Plumier reference make bescent. Stipules linear. 4-8 mm long, erect and the typification 0f H. brasiliensis problematical. rigid, with a condyloid base, more or less persistent, The Linnaep;, description is too generalized to be sparsely pubescent to glabrate. Peduncles solitary helpful in determining the identity of H. brasilien­ in the axils, 0.5-6(-9) em long, often artic~:;ated sis. Thus, although the Plumier plate appears to below the middle (4-25 mm below the flower), represent the species here discussed, it cannot enter sparsely stellate-pubescent or scabridulous to gla­ into the typification of the species, and the Lin­ brate.lnvolucel 01'8-9 bracts, equaling or exceeding naean name must therefore be considered a nomen (rarely shorter than) the calyx, 8-15(-20) mm long; dubium because of an inability to typify it satisfac­ bracts linear 0.5-1(-2) mm broad, acute, green, 1(­ torily. The next oldest name is H. phoeniceus, 3)-nerved, minutely scabridulous to glabrate, dis­ which has been applied to this species by a number tinct, persistent. Calyx 6-10 mm long, green, ca. %­ of authors, and which can be satisfactorily typified.

7 FIGURE 2.-Hibiscus phoeniceus. Flower, Velliura 1048.3. Leaves (above, left to rigbt), Ventura 1048:1, Fryxell et ai. 1.594, Koch et ai. 78800, Koch & Fryxe1l78348; (below, left to right), Koch & Fryxe/l78889, Fryxell & Bales 2190. Scale: 1 cm.

8 Moreover, H. phoeniceus is a more happily chosen Mala Zarza, Purpus 9010 (BM); about Lagunas, NeL'on 265.'3 name than H. brasiliensis inasmuch as this species (US); Remudadero, Purpus 8676 (UC); Barranca de Santa does not occur in Brazil. Maria, vic. Zacuapan, Pu.rpllS 2236 (MO); EI Ranchito, Mpio. de Actopan, Ventura 837.5 (ENCB, pt); Chapopote, Mpio. de Additional specimens examined: Actopan, Ventura 1048.'3 (ENCB, pO. SONORA: Canyon Sapopa, Rio Mayo, Gentry 1284 (CAS, K, MICH, MO, UC). CHIHUAHUA: CUBA: WITHOUT LOCALITy:de la Sagra s.n. (K). ORIENTE: La Bufa, SE of Creel, Knobloch 440 (BM, LL, WIS). SINALOA: Wright 1574 (K, MO); 3 km S of Baitiquirf, Guantanamo region, Culiacan, Palmer 1480 (US); Lodiego, Palmer 1608 (US); Ma­ Webster 4043 (MICH); Guantanamo Bay, Britton 1903 (BM, zatian, Ortega 6.50.5 (US); Cerro Llano Redondo, W of Cayma­ US); Rente, Santiago Ba~, Bro. Clemente 5870 (US); vicinity of nero, Gentry 7020 (OS, UC, US) 7098 (OS, UC, US); 46 miles S Daiquiri, Berraea, Britton & Cowell 12669 (MO, US); Sierra of Guamuchil, Kimnach & Lyon.~ 671 (US); EI Monte, near Los Santa Maria de Loreto, Lopez F. 3024 (US). SANTIAGO: Gibara, Labrados, Mexia 9:36 (UC). AfJUASCALIENTES: W of Aguasca­ Pollards.n. (US). LAS VILLAS: Fallones de Guajimico, E ofCien­ lientes on road to Calvillo, McVallgh 18.7/6 (MICHl. JALISCO: fuegos, Morton 10498 (US) 10517 (US). LA HABANA: Cojimar, W of Tequila, on road to La Toma, Fryxell et al. 1594 (BH, Bro. Alain2386 (US). MEXU, pt). MEXICO: Distr. Temascaltepec. Platanal, Hinton HAITI: Gonave Isld., Raquette, Eyerdam 1.'37 (US), Etroite, 6'211 (SM, K). GUERRERO: Acapulco, Lyonnet & Chflt'ez 3277 Leonard 3.'336 (US), Anse Galette, Leonard 3114 (US); Etang (US); 2 miles W of' Colotlipa, Rowell .172.5 (MICH, TArJS). Saumatre, Fond Parisien, '-eonard 4157 (US), Holdridge 1168 PUEBLA: Tehuacan area, near Coxc.:atlan on Cerro Ajuereado, (LL, MICH, US); near Mon Repos, Miller 221 (US); near Smith et at. 358.5 (US). OAXACA: Picacho San Geronimo, t'llrpus l'Archahaie, Miller 268 (US); vic. St. Marc, Leonard 2878 (US) 689.3 (BM, MO, UC, US); 25 km al N de Juchitan, Koch, Fryxell 2995 (US); vic. Port-au-Prince, Leonard 28.'37 (US); W of Caba­ & Cowan 78.'300 (BH, BR CAS, CHAPA, CTES, ENCB, K, ret, Baie des Moustiques, Leonard & Leonard 12019 (US) 120al UMO, WIS, pf); Mpio. San Miguel Chimalapa, Koch & Fryxell (US); vic. Port de Paix,Leonard& Leonard 1l04.5(US); Massif 78348 (SH, BM, CAS, CHAPA, CTES, ENCB, F. NY, pf), 78.355 des Matheux, Ekman 9159 (K, LL, US); Dept. du Nord, vic_ St. (CHAPA, ENCB, pf), CHIAPAS: 27 miles W of Cintalapa, Breed­ Michel de l'Atalaye, Leonard 7322 (UC, US); Tortue Isld., vic. lOl'e 9.949 (OS, pO; 5 km W of Rizo de Oro, Breedlove :36722 La Vallee, Leonard & Leonard 11410 (US) 1561.'3 (US). (OS); 3-5 km SE of Ocozocoautla, Breedlove .11217 (OS, pO. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: PROVo SANTIAGO: Valle de Cibao, GUATEMALA: DEPT. ZACAPA: EI Progreso, 43 km from Gua­ Ekman 15986 (US); Mao, Abbott 1062 (US); Pastor, Jimenez temala City, Harmon & DW),er,3488 (MO); Gualan, 15 Jan 1905, 1793 (US); Lanos de Rafael ad Santiago, Eggers 1791 (US). Deam s.n. (MICHl. PROVo MONTECRISTI: Distr. Moncion, Valeur 159 (US); Manzan­ EL SALVADOR: DEPT. SAN VICEN'fE: vic. San Vkente, Stan­ ilia Bay near Puerto Libertador, Howard & Howard 9643 (BM, dley 21380 (US). DEPT. AHUACHAPAN: vic. Ahuachapan, Stan­ US); Guayubin, Abbott 97.'3 (US) 1208 (uS). PROVo BARAHONA: dley 199:39 (US). Trujin, Abbott 1728 (US); Montiada Nueva, SE of Polo, HOIl'­ HONDURAS: DgI'T. CHOLUTECA: entre Tolobre V Los ard & Howard 8.527 (BM, MICH, US); Barahona, L'on Achiotes, Montana Tapahuasca, lHolina 14202 (LL, US); entre Turckheim 671 (BR); Azua, Rose et al. 40."32 (US). Morolica y San Antonio de Flores, j}[olina 1.'30"27 (LL). UNiTED STATES: PUERTO RICO: Coamo, near Rio Salinas, NICARAGUA: DEPT. JINOTEG,\: between Jinotega and Las Sintenis 2981 (BM, K, MO, UC, US); 3 miles W of Ponce, 20 Dec Mesitas, W of .1inotega, Standley 9801 (US). DEPT. MASAYA: 1902, Heller s.n. (US) 6066 (MO, US); Salinas de Cabo Rojo, Parque Nacional Volcan Masaya, near W shore of La!,'Una de Sintenis 613 (K, US), Otero M-2 (MICH); La Vigia, Ponce, Masaya, Neill.1053 (MO, pO. Britton et al. 5:377 (US); Punta Melones to Punta Casabe, Brit. COSTA RICA: PROV, GUANACASTE: Santa H(Jsa Natl. Park, ton et al. 4666 (US); La Parquera, Sargenl 149 (US); Guanica Opler 1765 (pf); vic, Liliano, Standley & Valerio 4488.9 (US). Natl. Forest, Duke 7470 (MO); Guanica, ad Montalba, Sintenis PANAMA: Isld. ofTaboga, Sinclair s.n. (K). 3548 (BR, K, 0); Guanica ad Punta de los Pescadores, Sintenis CUHACAO: Groot St. Martha, Arnokio 1862 (uS). 35:31 (BM, K). ST. CROIX: East-end roadside, Ricksecker 75 (M 0) GUYANA: lvtoritz 10:37 (0). 404 (CAS, MO, UC, US), 8 May 11l76, Eggers s.n. (MO). ST, VENEZUELA: ARAGUA: Maracay, Krap0l'ickas 1.5567 THOMAS: 6 Nov 1882, Eggers s.n. (US)' Eggers 7:31 (8R). (CTES, UC, pt), Cornelio 19 (US), Pittil:r.5786 (US); San .Juan JAMAICA: Kingston, on parade ground, Harris U87.'J (BM, de Los Morros, Alston 6014 (BM). CARABOBO: near Puerto Ca­ CAS, K, MO, US). bello, Pittier643.1 (US) 9072 (US), 1893-94, Macquerys s.n. (US); MARTINIQUE: Fort-de-f'rance, Hospital Militaire, Stehle between Puerto Cabello and San rJsteban, Pillier 819.5 (US). & Stehle.5717 (US). MIRANDA: Guarenas Valley, Piltier 11911 (US). FALCON: Dept. BAHAMAS: New Providence, Brace S.n. (K). Federacion, Hacienda Rancho Grande, Lasser & Vare.w:hi 2769 MEXICO: TAMAULIPAS: between San Fernando and Tres Pa­ (CAS), SUCRE: Cumanii, FUllcke 14 (K), Moritz ,,,'1/ (BM), DIS­ los, Fryxell & Bates 95.5 (BH, pfJ; between Cd. Mante and An­ TRITO FEDERAL: Caracas, Linden 1597 (K). MERIDA: prope co­ tiguo Morelos, Fryxell 1086 (BH, pt); 5 miles E of Nuevo More­ )oniam Tovar, Fendh:r 102 (K). los, Fryxell & Bales 94.5 (BH, CAS, CTES, rJNCB, L, TAES, COLOMBIA: BOYACA: Saota, CualrecaSCLs 1067 (US). ATLAN­ US, pt); 1:3 miles N of Aldama, Crutchfield & ,Johnstoll 5707A TICO: Luruaco, Bro. Apo/ifl(Ir AflMel 77.5 (US); entre ,Juanmina (MICH, TrJX); Milsa de Liera, Crutchfield et 01.6086(1 (TEX); .v Cuatrobocas, /)ugand 4029 (US); Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 4:19 18 km N of Aldama, Fryxell & Bates 2190 (BH, CAS, CHAPA, (US) 927 (US) 1116 (CAS, US). MAGDALgNA: re~ol1 EI Callao, MEXU, MSC, pf); Rancho Las Yucas, ca. 40 km NNW of Al­ Ho"a del Rfo Cesar, Cuatrecasas & C{/.~tefwda 2491)1 (UH); dama, Dressler 2046 (MICHl; 11 miles. SE or Manuel, ~'ryxell Cerrej6n HauMht 3889 (US) (;702 (CAS, US); Santa Marta, & Bates 836 (BH, pf); Victoria, Palmer 170 (K, MO, UC, US); 35 Smith 467 (BM, BR, CAS, MICH, MO, UC, LL, US). I,A GUA­ miles S of Cd. Victoria, Gould 10826 (MICH, UC, TAES, TrJX). ,J1RA: between Cue~te<:ita and Carriapfa, CuatreCClSf!l;& Casten. VERACRUZ: Banos deCarrizal, Purpus 61.'38 (BM, MO, UC, US); ada 25520 (US), ,\N'J"JOQUIA: RIO Negro. '1}-iafw s.n. (BM).

9 ECUADOR: GUAYAS: 21 !un SW of Guayaquil, Worth & Mor· Purpus collecting locality, Remudadero, is cited by rison 8945 (K, UC, US). EL ORO: vic. Santa Rosa, Rose & Rose Sousa (1969) as at 19°14'N, 96°34'W; the type lo­ 23496 (US); between Santa Rosa and La Chorita, Hitchcock cality (Fortin, Zacuapam) is in the same vicinity. 21154 (US); entre Puerto Pitahaya y Arenillas, Provo de EI Oro, Escobar 1251 (HUA, QCA, TEX, pf). The Reko collection from (the vicinity of) Pochu­ PERU: DEPT. CAJAMARCA: Pucara, Woytkowski 5663 (US); tla, at 15°45'N, 96°26'W, represents a significant Hutchison & Wright 3523 (UC); Rio Maraiion opposite Balsas disjunction, notable in a plant that is apparently Hutchison & Wright 5443 (MO. UC, US). DEPT. LORETO: Ca~ rare. ballo·Cocha, Williams 2378 (US). DEPT. TUMBES: S of Quebrada The species is also exceptional for its dioecy and Angostura at Hualtaco, Simpson & Schunke 500 (F). for its obscure, sessile, glomerulate flowers. Con­ 2. Hibiscus purpusii Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. cerning the dioecy, however, a clear picture of the Bot. 6: 368. 1917. Type: MEXICO: VERACRUZ: floral dimorphism in this species is not yet avail­ Zacuapan, Fortin, F<'!b 1916, Purpus 7546 (lecto­ able. type: UC; isotypes: GR, MO, US); syntype: Additional specimens examined: MEXICO: VERACRUZ: Re· Purpus 7545 (UC). mudadero, Purpus 9007 !GH, 2 sheets; UC. US). OAXACA: Po· chutla, Reko 6109 !GH). Distribution: Veracruz and Oaxaca. Mexico. at about 400 m elevation. 3. Hibiscus jaliscensis Fryxell, sp. nov. Shrubs, the stems becoming woody with grayish, Caules virelli, sparse vel moderate stellato-pu­ striated bark; twigs with lines of dense pubescence bescentes, pilis cum 1-6 brachiis usque ad 1 mm (the hairs recurved) decurrent from the stipules longis, saepe plus minusve adpressis. Folia (non and with a few minute appressed stellate hairs else­ bene evoluta in hoc specimine) 15-20 mm longa, 8­ where, soon glabrate. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 4-15 10 mm lata, truncata, simplicia, in parte apicali cm long, 2-8 cm broad, 2-3 times as long as broad, % remote dentata, acuta, supra sparse pubesentia truncate, obscurely crenate to dentate, acuminate, piUs plerumque simplicibus, infra moderate stel­ palmately 3-5-nerved, the nerves raised beneath lato-pubescentia, pilis 3-4-brachiatis. Petioli 2-5 the midrib with an obscure nectariferous zone nea; mm longi, stellato-pubescentes. Stipulae (3-)6-9 base, nearly glabrous above and beneath or with mm longae, filiformes basibus aliquantum tumidis, scattered stellate hairs, pilose in axils of main veins erectae, glabratae, persistentes et aliquantum lig­ beneath. Petioles 4-12 mm long, densely pubescent nosae. Pedunculi axillares, 5-18 mm longi, dense on adaxial surface. Stipules 5-6 mm long, rigid, gla­ stellato-pubescentes. Bracteolae involucrorum 7­ brous, caducous. Flowers sessile or subsessile in ax­ 10, distinctae, lineares vel plus minusve spatulatae, illary glomerules of 1-6 flowers. Involucel of 6-8 I-nervatae, pubescentes pilis simplicibus atque bracts briefly connate at the Lase, 3-4 mm long, stellatis, (4-)8-12 mm longae, 1.0-1.5 mm latae (ad linear-Ianceolate, stellate-pubescent. Calyx 6 mm basim angustior), calycem plus minusve aequantes long, ca. %-divided, the lobes ovate, acute, I-nerved, vel parum excedentes. Calyces 7-8 mm longi, 5-lob­ sparsely stellate-pubescent. Corolla 7-9 mm long, ati, stellato-pubescentes, pilis 3-4-brachiatis, ca. 1/2_ greenish-yellow, with a few scattered stellate hairs divisi, ad basim flavidi, in lobis viridibus, lobis intus externally, glabrous internally, prominently ciliate glabris praeter in marginibus lanatis. Petala lutea on claw. Staminal column 3-4 mm long, glabrous; (sine macula ad basim), extus sparse stellato-pu­ filaments ca. 2 mm long; anthers pallid (are these bescentia ubi in alabastro exposita, cetera glabra, staminate flowers?). Capsule oblate to ovoid, 5-7 17-22 mm ionga. Columna staminalis glabra, pal­ mm long, dehiscent, densely covered with largestel­ lida, 5-6 mm longa; filamenta 1-2 mm longa; an­ late hairs (the radii 1 mm long), but these eaSily therae pallidae; pollen luteum. Styli pallidi, an­ broken off leaving a more of less glabrous fruit, droecium per 3-6 mm excedentes, apice 5-partiti; longitudinally fluted because sU.,,·.cen opposite the stigmata capitata, fere I-mm (liam., atromarronina, septum between the carpels, lacking internal hairs villosa. Capsulae ellipsoideae, 6-12 mm longae, 7­ along suture of dehiscence. Seeds 2.5 mm long, ren­ to-mm diam., antrorse strigosae ubique vel praeci­ iform, blackish with silky pubescence, the hairs pue ad apicem, strigis 0.5-1.0 mm longis. Semina creamy-white,4 mm long. (Fig. 3.) aliquot per loculum, reniformia, 2.5-;3.0 mm ionga, Hibiscus purpusii is evidently rare, judging by dense pilifera, pilis usque ad 5 mm iongis, basaliter how few specimens are to be found in herbaria. The brunneolis, apice albidis. (Fig. 4.)

10 11 4. Hibiscus ribifolius A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 154. 1861. Type: MEXICO: BAJA CALI­ FORNIA: Cape San Lucas, Xantus 11 (holotype: GB; isotypes: NY, US).

Distribution: southernmost Baja California, Mexico, from near sea level to 300 m (fig. 5).

Shrub to 1.5 m tall. Stems stellate-pubescent, the hairs 3-6-armed, the hairs tufted (neither appressed nor oriented preferentially with the axis of the stem). Leaf lamina ovate or weakly 3-lobed, up to 2 cm long, somewhat longer than broad, basally sub­ cordate or truncate, crenate or dentate, usually acute, palmately 5(-7)-nerved with a nectariferous zone at base of midrib beneath, dispersed-pubes­ cent beneath (the hairs 3-5-armed, the arms 0.5-0.8 mm long) or sometimes glabrate, the upper surface nearly glabrous except on veins. Petiole 5-8 mm long, with stellate pubescence like that ofstem but in addition with zone of simple recurved hairs on adaxial surface. Stipules 2-9 mm long, erect, gla­ brate, persistent. Peduncles solitary in the axils of the leaves, 2-3 cm long, sparsely stellate-pubescent and with poorly defined row of simple, recurved hairs on adaxial surface, articulated ca. 1 cm below flower, the pedicel above the articulation more densely pubescent. Bracts of the involucel ca. 8, linear-lanceolate or weakly oblanceolate, 8-11 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, acute. Calyx 8-11 mm long, %­ divided, sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent. Pet­ als 3(-3.5) em long, yellow (fading rose), without basal spot, essentially glabrous (but claw not ob­ servable). Staminal column pallid, glabrous, 8 mm FlGl'R~; -1.-Hiliill(,lIsj(l/iscenllis. Flower, ,HeI/CIllf(1! 2290.J. Scale: 1 cm. tall; filaments 3-4 mm long; anthers <1 mm long; pollen yellow. Styles exceeding staminal column by 8 mm, united below, free for distal 3-4 mm, pallid; stigmas capitate, purple, villous, 0,7-0.9 mm broad. Types: MEX [CO: Jt\I,ISCO: steep hills, dpciduous forest now Capsule 9-16 mm long, antrorsely strigose. Seeds Ipatiess, a-I!) km b.\' road south of .Jilot!an, with Bllrller(!, Rail' 2.5-3 mm long, brownish, sericeous, the hairs 3 mm Ilia, Acacia, Cordia; ele\'ation ('u, Hoo n1. LO('ully abundant. long, sordid. (Fig. 6,) Slendl'l' shrub to I.!) III high; {lowers dear yellow; seeds with son:lid ('(lllla, fl-IO Mar IrK;!), MC'I/ollf(" 229()·' (bolotypp: M[(,H; isotvpc's: ENCS, pfl: Mplo. dc' Tenalllaxthin C?] about halfwa.\· Hibiscus ribifolius is distinctive for its relatively between T('(,(Jlotl:in UJld ,Juehitlan: rolling hills, grasslunds with large capsules that are prominently strigose. It Acacia, mUII\' Ilga\'ps,p)c'v, 1.1-10111; S('I\I,(,(" 1 F('b W75, Mr\!auf(h OCCUl'S in the extremely arid Cape region of Baja 260-i2 (parnt~'IJ(': MICHl. ~n;)(I('n: Dislr. Tl'nHIs('altep('(', Ae'n­ California. titian. Hinton 7571{ (paratypes; K. MICH, LL, lie, us). WITH· OUT LOCAl,ITV; Se,~.~e & MO('iiw s.n. (8M). Distribution: fit prl·~nt kp()\\11 onl.\' frolll till' ('Oll(','lions l'i[('d Additional Rp('('inwnR l'xamiJwd: M EX ICO: IIA,IA ('''I-WOR­ abo\'(' at el('\'ations of HOO III to 1,140 III ( fig. 5). N/A: ('abo ~an Lucas, ROll" 2.54611 (SDI, H()l('ell /OSIJI (CAS, OSlo GeniI'\' & FiJX liMO mES, 1\1 ICH. l1~FI; Todo>; Hantos, This new spedf>s is distinctive for its short pedi­ ,jolles 247(t2 {MOl 24202 (US] 24142 (F. ,lIvtlCH. iv!O, SI), lJ<', cels. its small calyx and corolla, and its pl'Ominen tly USl. ~l ,Jan 11190, Bronc/ef(e(' H.Il. ct:S]; .j mill'S S of Toc/os Santos, Harbiso/l:/ (SOl; San .J()~ d('1 ('aho, 8I'onr/('f(('1' (i:J (NY. strigose capsules, in combination with yellow flow­ Ue. US], 170(,t limn. lJralldef(('(' S.II. (NY, HM, Sl), liC], acm· ers. del' .'17:1·' ('AS. !-l[)1; Capl' H('gion, 1 kill E of Arroyo d(' los

12 I I I I I ,I I I _ .....1

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la FIGURE 6 -HibiscILs ribi(olius. Flower, .jones24142. Scale: 1 em.

Pozos, Moran 6893 (CAS, OS, SO, TEX); 8 km S of Pescadero, stellato-pubescentia, pHis persistentibus, pIer­ Moran 702:J (CAS,DS, SO); 3.5 miles N of Cabo Pulmo, Cham· umque 3-brachiatis, pilis in nervis antrorse 1-3-bra­ bers 866 (DS, Ue); W of La Paz, Porter 424 (CAS, OS); San chiatis. Petioli usque ad 2.5 em Iongi (ca. 1/3-1/fi lon­ Xavier Mission, J4 Apr 1955, Nor/and s.n. (SD); Sierra de la gitudinem laminarum), stellato-pubescentes caulis Laguna, 27 Jan 1890 Brondegee S.II. (uS); Agua Verde, Collills et at. 209 (US); 3.5 miles E of San Bartolo. Porter 288 (DS); similis atque zona pilorum simplicium recurvorum between La Paz and Santo Domingo, Thomas 84.56 (DS); Ar­ in facie adaxiali. Stipulae rigidae, filiformae, 4-10 royo Teomb6, SW of Loreto (25°24'N, Ll1 °24.5'W), Carter & mm longae, persistentes, glabratae. Pedunculi ax­ Kellogg 3261 (DS); Isla Espiritu Santo, Wiggins 16122 (OS, ilIari, solitarii, 1-8 em longi, stellato-pubeseenti US). caulis similis praeter distaliter pilis densioribus, ar­ tieulati; pedicelli 3-7 mm longi, ad apicem flavidi. 5. Hibiscus citrinus FryxelJ, sp. nov. Bracteolae involucrorum ca. 9, clistinctae, angustae lanceolatae, 8-15 mm longae, 0.5-1.5 mm latae, 1­ Frutex erectus usque ad 1 m altus. Caules vi­ 3-nervatae, moderate pubescentes. Calyces 6-9 mm rentes, teres, sparse stellato-pubeseentes, pilis 0.5­ longi, basaliter flavidi, moderate pubeseentes,5­ 1.0-mm diam., plerumque 4-braehiatis, (brachiis lobati, lobis aeuminatis, I-nervatis.Petala ca. 2 em binatim parallelis ad axem caulis adpressis clisposi­ longa, 1.2-1.5 em lata, ubique citrina vivida, glabra. tis). Folia ovata vel anguste lanceolata, saepe has­ Columna staminalis glabra, pallida, 5-6 mm longa; tata, truncata, palmatim (vel interdum pedatim) filamenta pallida, 1-3 mm Ionga; antherae pallidae, 3-5-nervata, irregulariter clentata praeter ad b' :;im 0.6 mm longae; pollen luteum. Styli J5, distaliter integra, acuta, usque ad 8.5 em longa, 6.0 em lata, liberi per 4 mn. proximaliter coaliti, graciles, an­ aliquantum disco loria, supra sparse stellato-pubes­ droeeium excedentes per 5-11 mm; stigmata capi­ eentia (pilis antrorsis) vel glabrata, infra sparse tata, villosa, marronina, O.7-mm diam. Capsula 5­

14 [

"',

15 cellularis, 8-12 mm longa, subglobosa, ubique vel in up to 4 cm long, about twice as long as wide, pal­ dimidio dis tali antrorse strigosa, vittis perviridibus mately 3-5-nerved, with obscure nectariferous zone longitudinalibus (saltern ante maturitates), dehis­ near base of midrib beneath, with dispersed stellate centes ad basem et demum patentes. Semina pubescence beneath (the hairs predominantly 3­ ubique dense pilifera, 2.5 mm longa, reniformia, armed, the arms up to 1 mm), the hairs on upper fusca, aliquot per loculum; pilis usque ad 5 mm leaf surface somewhat fewer and smaller. Petioles longUe;, sordid is vel albidis praeter prope basim in­ 1-1.5 cm long, with appressed pubescence like that fuscatis. (Fig. 7.) of stem and in addition on the adaxial surface a

Types: MEXICO: SINALOA: 24 km SW orSan Ignacio (at K!Jl dense row of minute recurved simple hairs. Stipules on Sinaloa Route 15; alt. 400 ft; erect plant to 1 m; 19 Oct 1972, 4-7 mm long, linear, erect, caducous. Peduncles sol­ Fryxell & Bates 2118 {holotype: BH; isotypes: CTES, pO; Ar­ itary in the axils of the leaves, 2-6.5 cm long, usu­ royo de Colompos, San Ignacio, Narvaes Montes & Salazar 58 ally exceeding the subtending leaf, with appressed (paratype: US). SONORA: Agiabampo, a-15 Oct 1890, Palmer 776 stellate pubescence like that of stem (but hairs (paratypes: EM, GH, US); Vinata, Rio Mayo, /l Jul~' 19a5, Gen· try 1469 (paratype: OS); Canyon Narcissus, 11 Oec 1934, Gentl)' fewer and smaller) and in addition on the adaxial 1183 (MICHl. surface a dense row of minute, recurved, simple Distribution: al low elevations near the Pacific coast in Sina­ hairs, articulated 0.5-1 em below flower, the pedicel loa and southernmost Sonora, Mexico (fig. 5). above the articulation mOre densely pubescent. Bracts of the involucel 10-15(-20), linear, 20-26 This species is distinctive for its pedunculate but mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, subequal to calyx, ciliate relatively small flowers, of a bright lemon-yellow (hairs ca. 1 mm). Calyx 19-24 mm long, sometimes color, whence the specific epithet. pallid at base, ciliate (hairs 1-2 mm long), ca. "1,,­ The Palmer collection (No. 776) from Agiabampo divided; lobes lanceolate-acuminate, :3-veined, (2-) was described by J. N. Rose as a probably distinct 4 mm wide at base. Petals 2.5-3 cm long, yellow species (ContI'. U.S. Nat!. Herb. 1: 308. 1895) but with small but prominent purple spot at base, spar­ was not given a name. Although the specimen bears ingly stellate-pubescent externally where exposed Il. manuscript name by Rose (Hibiscus longipesl, I in bud, minutely ciliate on claw, otherwise gla­ am unable to discover that the name was ever pub­ brous. Staminal column ca. 8 mm tall, purplish, lished for this plant. The same binomial was later glabrous; filaments often purplish, 1-1.5 mm long; (1924) published by Standley for another species, anthers purplish, less than 1 mm long, often paired; and therefore Rose's epithet is not taken up here. pollen spheroidal, echinate, yellow-orange. Styles Anoth\~r Palmer collection (No. 779) from the same 5, pallid, glabrous, exceeding androecium by 2-4 locality is Hibiscus biseptus, indicating that the mm; stigmas purple, villous, capitate, 0.6-0.8-mm two species are sympatric. diam. Fruits 8-9 mm long, subglobose, glabrous. Seeds 3 mm long, brownish, sericeous, the hairs fine, sordid to brownish, ca. 3 mm long. (Fig. 9.) 6. Hibiscus acicularis Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat!. Herb. 23: 782. 1923. Type: MEXICO: NUEVO Additional spedmens examined: MEXICO; TAMAUI,IPAS: LEON: near Monterrey, Pringle 13880 (holotype: near Victoria, Palmer 457 (F. K, MO, US): between ,Jaumave US; isotype: GH). and Victoria. l'O/1 ROZY/1Blii ,~5.5 (F), McGill. B],()U'1l & Pinlwl'lI 9704 {ASUl; La TamauIipec:a, vic, San Miguel, Bartleft 10676 (MICH) 10,592 (MICH). SAN I-UIS POTOSI: al E de NUileZ, km 84 Distribution: from Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi to Chi­ earretera HLP a Anliguo Morelos. Ilzed()It'.~hi .5.576 (I!:NCB, huahua in northern Mexico, al elevations of 5oo m to I,GBO III MICHl; Sierra rIe GuaSl'am{l. PurplIs 5:)84 (lIe). NUgVO U';ON: (fig./l). 20 miles W of Linares, Olh'er e/ al. 1109 (MO); 22-25 miles W of LiiJares, Correll & ,JohnS/Oil IFJ790 (LLI; W of Bustamnnte, Low perenr.tal shrub, sparingly branched. Stems Lc:Suellr 282 ('['EX); near Monterrt.'y, Mueller & Mlleller 8.5 (F, more or less densely covered with yellowish ap­ TEX). Orcutt 114.5

16 o

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17 18 7. Hibiscus biseptus S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. stems decurrent from the stipules and on the adax­ Arts 21: 418.1886. Type: MEXICO: CHIHUAHUA: ial sides of the petioles and peduncles are usually Hcda. San Miguel near Batopilas, Aug 1885, Pal­well developed in H. biseptus, out this characteris­ mer3 (holotype: GH; isotypes: K, LE, US). tic, too, is variable in expression. The size of the calyx and involucel varies, and in this case there Distribution: southern Arizona, U.S.A., and in Mexico, Baja appears to be a geographical component to the var­ California south to Jalisco and Nayarit, and eastward into weRt­ em Chihuahua at elevations up to 1,500 m (fig. 8). iability that deserves further study. In specimens from Baja California and 8inaloa the involucel is Shrub to 1 m tall. Stems setose with spreading 10-15 mm long, and the calyx 12-20 mm long. In pustular-based simple hairs 1.5-2.5 mm long evenly specimens from elsewhere, the involucel is 18-30 distributed, or small stellate and scabridulous hairs mm long, and the calyx 23-33 mm long. present, rarely subglabrous, and also with minute Cleistogamy evidently occurs in this species and recurved hairs in narrow dense lines decurrent from possibly in others as well. Cleistogamic corolla the stipules. Leaflamina sometimes simple, usually "caps" have been observed attached to immature deeply 5-lobed, up to 7 cm long, 7.5 cm broad, trun­ fruits of Rose et al. 13312. cate or subcordate at base, dentate, with simple Additional specimens examined: strigose hairs (appressed and antrorse) on upper surface, with 3-armed stellate hairs on the lower FNITED STATES: ARIZONA: PINAI,COl'NTY: Superstition surface (and simple hairs on nerves), palmately 7­ Mtns.• LeBarge Canyon, Lehto 18271:1 (ASU): Fish Creek, Pee· nerved with nectary at base of midrib beneath; leaf bles et (1/..5245 (US). PIMA COUNTY: Baboquivari Mtns.. Kearney lobes narrowed at the base. Petiole to 6.5 cm long, lo:J92 (uS), Gilman 56 (CAS, F, MO, US), Harrison 4767 (US), Hutchison 679" (DS)' Peebles 8959 (F. US); Baboqllivari Can­ 1/2 the length of lamina to nearly equaling lamina, yon, Peebles el ai. 2771 (MO), Kearney & Peebles 14!:J:J0 (CAS, with pubescence like that of stem, the minute re­ US), 19 Sep 1931 JaMS s.n. (MO, UC); Santa Catalina M tns., curved hairs on the adaxial surface. Stipules 4-]4 Townsend 7 (US)' Kearney 10331 (K); Rincon Mtns., above mm long, linear, setose, persistent. Peduncles soli­ Colossal Cave, Eastwood 178.52 (CAS). MEXICO: BAJA CALIFORNIA: Loreto. Cayuca Ranch, Janel; tary in the axils of the leaves, to 15 cm long, exceed­ 271.57 (CASI; PlIrissima, 13 Feb 1889, Brandegee S.II. (UC. US); ing the subtending leaves, with pubescence like road from La Purissima to Comondu, NeL9011 & Goldmall 7267 that of stem, the minute recurved hairs on adaxial (BM, US); NE side of Cerro Azufre (27°31 'N, 112°34'W), Moran surface, articulated 0.5-1.5 cm below flower, the & Reueol20156 (SD); W side of Concepcion Bay, SE of Santis­ pedicel more densely setose above the articulation. paquis (26°M'N, 111 °59'Wj, Moran 9047 (SOl; San Pablo, Pur­ pus ,19 (Ue); San Jose del r;abo, 2 Sep 1890. Brande{?ee S.II. Bracts of the involucel10'-1l, distinct, linear, 10-30 (UC). SONORA: 15 miles N of Hermosillo, Wiggin.~ & Rollins 471 mm long,5 setose, the hairs 1-3 mm long. Calyx 12­ (OS, LL, MICH. MO, UC, US); San Bernardo, Rio Mayo, (;(!Tl. 33 mm long, }'R-divided, the lobes 4 mm wide, setose, tl)' 1617 (K, MO); Arroyo Gochico abov!.' San Bemardo, Gentry the hairs 1.5-2.5(-4) mm long, sometimes simple, 2199.5 (US): Chorijoa, Rio Mayo, Gentry 160.5 (OES); near sometimes tufted. Petals 2.5-5 cm long, yellow with Guaymas, Gould 12078 (TAES), Drouet & Richards :J8.90 (CAS, F. USl. Jones 22859 (F, UC), Rose 125.5 (HM, US), Palmer 668 purplish spot at base. Staminal column purplish, (uS). Henri('kson 2,,99 (MICH); Canyon de Petaquilla, White glabrous, ca. 1 em tall; filaments purplish, 2 mm .,]818 (MICH); Puerto de los Aserraderos, White 8091a (MICHl; long. Styles pallid, exceeding androecium by 5 mm; Hon'oncitos, White :1747 (MICHl: Canon tie Bavispe, Phillips stigmas capitate, purplish, O.B-mm diam. Capsule /j28 (MICH); vic, Alamos, Rose et aI, /2717 (lIS); Agiabampo, ovoid, 9-14 mm long, glabrous. Seeds 2.5-::1 mm Palmer 779 (HM, K, lIS). CHIHl),\HUA: Rio Bonito, LeSueur 794 (LL, TEX); Barfllnca de Batopilas, Bye 7070 (cor,o, MgXU, long, densely sericeous, the hairs 3-4 mm lOt sor­ pO; slopes c>f Barranca de LJriqu!.', vk. Areponapuchi<' (27°30'N, did. (Fig. 10.) 107°50'W). Knobloch 1,'].56 (MICH); La Bufa, Sg of Creel, Kno/J/oc;'/l 622 (BM). SINALOA: Culiacan. 17 Sep 1904, Brandegee Hibiscus biseptus is a variable species. It is dis­ S.II. (lTC, US); Cerros de Navachiste about Topolobarnpo, O('n· tinctive for its relatively large, long-petiolate leaves try J4:JI)2 mES,LL, US), Palmer 192 (MICH, UC', UH): Topo­ that are usually deeply palmately parted, though lobarnpo, Has(ings& TUrlwr64-1 17 (OS, SOl, Rose et al. l,1iJl2 they are sometimes essentially undivided. It is dis­ (US); C(;'rro Llano Hedonrlo, W of Caymanero, Uenl/:v 7J02 (CAS, Dg~·l). NAYAlllT: Canon of ,Jeslis Maria, Goldsmith 14H tinctive for its relatively coarse, hispid pubescence, (MO, ue, (IS)..J,\l.ISCO: :1 kill al N\\! de El Platanar, MpiCl. tie but it is sometimes stellate-pubescent and rarely is San Martin tiP Holanos. Rzec/(Jlcs/li 26'244 rENCE); Bolanm;, subglabrous. The lines of recurved hairs on the Ros£' 2.906 (K, {IS); Sftn ,Juan Capistrano, Rose 2.504 (US).

"See following clisc\lSSion. (Continued on page 22.)

19 h_ o

f

FIGURE lO.-Hibiscus biseptus. Flower, Palmer 3. Leaves, Rose et at. 13312 (above) and Palmer 3 (below). Scale: 1 ern. I I I I I I I I I I I

o

o

o ~

21 FIGURE 12.-Hibiscus elegans. Flower, Gonzalez Quintero 2898. Leaves, Fryxell2609 (above) and Gonzalez Quintero 3096 (below). The calyx is green distally, pallid basally; the involucel is green (except pallid at very base); the pedicel is yellowish. Scale: 1 cm.

8. Hibiscus elegans Standley, Contr. U.S. Natl. with nectariferous zone at base of midrib beneath, Herb. 23: 782. 1923. Type: MEXICO: PUEBLA: the lower surface with 3- and 4-armed stellate hairs near Tehuacan, Pringle 7505 (holotype: US). (the arms ca. 1 mm long), the upper surface with smaller and fewer hairs. Petioles with pubescence Distribution: San Luis Potosf to Oaxaca, Mexico, at eleva­ like stem, 0.5-1.5 cm long. Stipules 2-5 mm long. tions of 1,200 to 2,800 m (fig. 11). Penduncles solitary in the axils of the leaves, 3-12 cm long, with pubescence like that of stem, often Low subshrub, sparingly branched, 0.5-1 m tall. exceeding subtending leaf. Bracts of the involucel Stems densely stellate-pubescent, the hairs yellow­ ca. 9, distinct, hispid, 9-18 mm long, linear. Calyx ish, mostly 4-armed, more or less appressed and 11-22 mm long, hispid, deeply 5-parted; lobes cil­ with a tendency for the arms to be oriented longi­ iate (marginal hairs 1-2 mm), 3-veined, narrowly tudinally with the stem axis. Leaflamina orbicular, lanceolate, 3-4 mm wide at base, 9-17 mm long. elliptic, or ovate, usually simple or somewhat 3­ Petals bright yellow (rarely with purplish spot at lobed, truncate or cuneate at base, serrate, obtuse base), 2.5-4.5 cm long, usually with stellate hairs or acute, essentially concolorous, up to 4 cm long, externally in bud, ciliate on claw, otherwise gla­

22 brous. Staminal column 8-10 mm tall, glabrous, H. elegans are never parted as those of H. coulteri pallid (or sometimes purplish if petal spot present); usually are. More reliable distinguishing characters filaments 2.5-3 mm long; anthers often paired, are given in the key. scarcely 1 mm long, pallid; pollen yellow-orange. Style exceeding staminal column by 7-10 mm, di­ Additional specimens examined: MEXICO: SAN LUIS POTOSI: 15 km al NW de Cd. del Maiz, Rzedowski 9428 (ENCB), Rze­ viding to 5 distinct styles for distal 3-4 mm. Stigmas dowski 9455 (ENCB); 2 km al E de Nunez, km 84 carretera SLP­ capitate, dark purple, villous, 1.2-1.7-mm diam. Antiguo Morelos, Rzedowski 6252 (ENCB, LL, MICH, US); Capsule 10-12 mm long, sparsely strigose at apex. cerca de El Huizache, Rzedowski /0806 (OS, ENCB). QUERE­ Seeds unknown. (Fig. 12.) TARO: 15 km from Higuerillas toward Bernal, l-tEmdt el ai. 8098 Hibiscus elegans is closely allied to H. coulteri, (LL); 4.6 km NE of Higuerillas, Mpio. de TOllman, McVaugh 26472 (MICH). HIDALGO: Metztitian, Galeotti 40.58 (BR); near and they are very similar in several characters. Geo­ Zimapan, Lundell & Lundell 12189 (LL, MICHl. Fryxell 694 graphically, they are clearly separated: H. elegans (BH, CTES, MEXU, MO, NA, NY, TAES, pf).Schnooberg 7787 is best known from the States of Puebla and Hi­ (MICH); 20 km al S de Zimapan, Puig .5291 (ENCB); 7 km al dalgo, Mexico, at relatively high elevations, NE de Tasquillo, Gonzalez Q. 2981 (DS, ENCB, LL, MICH, whereas H. coulteri occurs at relatively lower ele­ TEX, WIS); near Tasquillo, Booth 161.51 (SMU), Hitchcock & Stanford 7246 (US); 6 km al N de Tasquillo, Gonzalez Q. 3096 vations, principally to the north in the States of (ENCB, MICH); 10 km al E de Ixmiquilpan, Gonzalez Q. 2898 Coahuila, Chihuahua, and Sonora, Mexico, and Ar­ (OS, ENCB), Rose et ai. 8976 (US), fxmiquilpan, Aug 1905, izona and Texas, U.S.A. (fig. 11). PlIrpus s.n. (UC). PUEBLA: Tehuacan, Patoni 5 (MEXU), Standley (1923) and Kearney (1955) distinguish Fryxell2609 (CTES, ENCB, SMU, pf), Rose et al. 10162 (US), them on the basis of leaf lobing. This is a satisfac­ Rose & Hay 585.9 (US), Lyonnet225.5 (US), Purpus 1263 (F, MO, UC) 5617 (BM, UC, US) 5843 (UC), Smith et al. .1772 (F, US) tory means of distinction only if one considers rep­ 3781 (F, US); environs de Tehuacan, sur les plateaux interme­ resentatives of H. elegans from the southern end of diares du Cerro Colorado, Diguet 556 (MICHl; 10 km al SW de its range in Puebla and Oaxaca, where leaf lobing is Tehuacan, Rzedowslli 25471 (ENCB); 4 km NW de Tehuacan, essentially absent. To the northwest (in Hidalgo, Rzedowski 28186 (ENCB); Cerros de Coatepec, Purpus 2611 Queretaro, and San Luis Potosi) plants occur that (UC); Zapotitlan Valley near Cerro Tarantula between Teloxtoc and San Juan Raya, Smith et al. 4006 (US). OAXACA: Cosco­ have more deeply lobed leaves and which appear to mate, Purpus 2611a (HM, F, MO, UC, US); 20 km al NE de be intergradations to the deeply parted leaves ofH. Tepelmeme de Morelos, 9 Oct 1970, Cruz Cisneros S.n. (ENCB); coulteri. If intergradations occur in a geographi­ 6 miles above Oominguillo, Np/orm 1850 (US). cally intermediate area, are t.he .pecies in fact dis­ tinct? 9. Hibiscus coulteri Harvey ex A. Gray, Smiths. In my judgment, they are distinct species, but Contr. KnowI. 3 (art. 5, PI. Wright. Texano-Neo­ leaf lobing is not a satisfactory character by which Mexicanae, part I): 23. 1850. Type: UNITED to distinguish them. The two species are geograph­ STATES: TEXAS: high hills of the San Pedro ically separated with a significant hiatus in their River, July 1849, Wright s.n. (holotype: GH; is­ distribution (see fig. H); hence, they cannot be said otypes: EM, GH, K, MO). to intergrade. Both species are developmentally la­ bile for leaf form, with juvenile leaves being un­ Hibiscus coulteri var. breuipedunculatus M. E ...Jones, Contr. W. lobed in both species and adult leaves being more Bot. 12: 4. 1908. Type: UNITED STATES: ARIZONA: Con· gress Junction, 4 Ma : 1903, Jones S.n. (isotypes: BM, OS). or less tipped in the direction of lobing as the plants develop. In H. coulteri leaf lobing is fully expressed Distribution: Texas and Arizona, U.S.A., to Zacatecas, Mex­ in the early stages of the development of the plant, ico, from 500 to 1,300(-2,100) m elevation (fig. 11). so that orbicular or elliptic juvenile leaves are not often seen; palmately parted leaves are the rule. Shrublet usually less than 1 m tall, with whitish The transition from juvenile to adult leaves is pubescenc~. Stems covered with stellate hairs that sometimes nicely shown in an individual specimen, are 4-armed, the arms tightly appressed and ori­ however, as depicted in figure 13 and as in the iso­ ented longitudinally with the stem axis. Leaf lam­ type of H. coulteri (GH). In H. elegans this tend­ ina variable, mostly 3-lobed to fully trifoliolate, the ency to lobing is only slightly developed (to the leaflets 3-5 times as long as wide, remotely serrate, north) or not at all developed (to the south), so that obtuse or subacute, stellate-hispid above and be­ orbicular or elliptic leaves are often or usually neath, the hairs principally 4-armed; lower leaf found; when leaf lobing is present, it is less fully lamina less deeply lobed, broader; juvenile leaflam­ developed than in H. coulteri (fig. 12). The leaves of ina simple, elliptic. Foliar nectary near base of mid­

23 I

E "

24 rib beneath. Petioles 0.5-2 cm long, with pubesc­ well-known mining community of Zimapan, which ence like that ofstem. Stipules 4-7 mm long, linear, is situated in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico, at erect, with a few stellate hairs. Peduncles solitary 20 0 45'N,99°23'W. in the axils of the leaves, 2-18 cm long, with pubesc­ The publication of Gregg's diary (Fulton, 1944) ence like that of stem except often less dense, artic­ makes it possible to determine the location of Paso ulated 3-13 mm below flower (the articulation Carretas, which is not found on most modern maps sometimes obscure), the pedicel more densely pu­ or in Henrickson & Straw's (1976) gazetteer. It is bescent above the articulation. Bracts of the invol­ located approximately 15 miles directly north of ucel 9-11, slightly shorter than to subequal to ca­ Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico (or approximately at lyx, whitish at base, green distally, 11-19 mm long, 25°39'N, 100 0 58'W). Gregg estimated it as about linear, ciliate, the hairs mostly simple, ca. 1 mm 22-23 miles north of Saltillo in his diary entry for long. Calyx green (whitish toward the base), 17-20 September 23,1848 (Fulton, 1944, pp. 224-225), but mm long, %-divided, the lobes narrowly acumi­ the distances to two other localities (Mesillas and nate, ciliate on margins and principal nerves, the Perros Bravos, which are on modern maps) that hairs 1-1.5(-2) mm long. Petals 2-3{-4) cm long, were visited on that same journey are overesti­ 1.5-3 cm broad, clear yellow throughout or yellow mated by Gregg; I therefore adjusted his estimate with a vestigial maroon spot at base (spot often accordingly. Gregg made a sketch map in his diary, yellow-striate), sparsely ciliate distally but other­ reproduced by Fulton (1944, plate opposite p. 223), wise glabrous (including nearly glabrous on claw). which shows the location of Paso Carretas. Gray StaminaI column pallid, glabrous, 5-9 mm long; gives the spelling of the locality name as "Paso de filaments 1.5-2 mm long, often joined basally in Caritas," Fulton as "Paso de Carritas," and Gregg pairs; anthers less than 1 mm long, pallid, few (ca. as "Paso de Canitas" in his "Register ofPlants" (his 15) to many (75 or more); pollen yellow-orange, fieldbook, which is kept at the Missouri Botanical spheroidal, echinate. Styles 5, pallid, glabrous, ex­ Garden). It is correctly given on the Monterrey ceeding staminal column by 3-5 mm; stigmas capi­ map (Garcia, n.d., p. 33) as "Paso Carretas." tate, maroon (sometimes pallid), villous, ca. 1-mm Wright's collection in the Gray Herbarium, the diam. Capsule ovoid, 9-10 mm long, with 5 longi­ holotype, is mounted on the same sheet as Gregg's tudinal stripes (at least when young), usually with plant, together with a third specimen collected in antrorse hispid pubescence at least apically (rarely New Mexico in 1851 by Charles Wright and num­ glabrous). Seeds sericeous, 2.5-3 mm long, the hairs bered 901. (Duplicates of No. 901 are in BM, K, DC, whitish, silky, 4-5 mm long. (Fig. 13.) and US.) An isotype, mounted separately, is also in the Gray Herbarium. All of these specimens are The typification of Hibiscus coulteri requires from within the known range of the plant generally some commentary. Gray adopted the epithet coul­ known as H. coulteri. The specimen of Coulter from teri that Harvey evidently had never published but Zimapan, however, is from outside this range and in had associated with Coulter's collection (No. 809) fact is from the range of H. elegan..<;. Coulter's spec­ from Zimapan. Gray, however, cited Wright's col­ imen in the Gray Herbarium (of which a photo is in lection "high hills of the San Pedro River; July US) is in fact a specimen of H. elegans with a frag­ (1849)" as type, and then added (as paratypes) "also ment of H. coulteri mixed with it; it is mounted on Zimapan, Mexico, Coulter (809), and Paso de Cari­ the same sheet as a collection ofThurber (No. 1089) tas, Gregg [449)." from "near Baboquivari [Arizona)." A duplicate of It is first necessary to establish the localities Coulter 809 is in the Torrey Herbarium (NY, where these collections were made. According to mounted with a collection of Gregg ("plain west of McKelvey (1955, p. 1066), Wright's San Pedro Mapimi [Durango, Mexico, No. 605] May 9,1847"). River is the modern Devil's River in Val Verde The Gregg plant is H. coulteri, and the Coulter County, Tex. She notes that Wright collected there plant is H. eiegans, but the label on the Coulter (Nos. 599-804) in July and August of 1849. The specimen says "Hibiscus coulteri MSS" in a hand­ labels on the type material bear the number "65," writing other than Gray's (presumably Harvey's) which was evidently a "distribution number" that is the same hand and ink that wrote the "809" assigned by Gray. Wright's field number remains and "Zimapan" on the label. This is evidently the problematical. The type locality is approximately source of the epithet that Gray published. Three at30"N,101°W. additional duplicates of Coulter 809 are at Kew. Coulter's collection No. 809 was made near the Thus, although the specific epithet "coult~ri" is

25 obviously derived from Coulter's collection, it must Bonita Creek, McGill 2307 (ASC, pO. TEXAS: BREWSTER in fact be applied to a different species than Coul­ COl'NTY: Green Gulch. Marsh 272 (VC); near Chisos Mtns.. Sperry 115 (TAES, US!. Parks & Cory 7016 (TAES), Alueller ter's collection represents, because Gray cited a 8091 (MO, US). Ferns & Duncan 2823 (OS). Warnock & Wright specimen as type and mentioned the Coul­ Wallmo 12302 (TAES). 18206 (TAES); just \V of Terlingua. ter specimen only in the role ofparatype. When the Smilh & Buttencick 90 (LL); Glass Mtns.• Sperry T1I60 more southerly species was later recognized, de­ (TAES), Warnock 96 (MO); 2 miles SE of Ridge Springs, Sperr), scribed, and named H. elegansby Standley, he did 1.5.59 (TAES): 15 miles E of Marathon, Hinckley 4814 (SMU): 13 miles S of Marathon, n.'allmo 5336 (TAES); 12 miles N of Al­ not notice this mixture or mention the Coulter pine, Sperry TI02.5 (TAES); Deadhorse Mtns., near McKinney specimen, but based his name on a later Pringle Springs, Warnock I0820 (SMU); Blackgap Wildlife Area, 35 collection. The ambiguity in the meaning of H. miles SSE of Marathon, ROll'ell //564 (SMU). Mohler 98 coulteri, thus, is purely etymological and not no­ (Sr..,IU); Stairstep Mtn.• Grimes 47.1 (SMU); Mariville Canyon, menclatural. Grimes 462 (SMCl. COOKE COl'NTY [?]: near Lindsay Mine. 24 Sep 1927, p(lrk.~ & Cory s.n. (TAES). CL'LBERSON COl:NTY: There is considerable variability in this species, Beach Mtns.• 6.5 miles NW of Van Hom, Waterfall 506.1 (CAS, for example in pedicel length. A variant with ex­ MO, TEX); N of Van Hom to.Jun 190.'5,Rel'erchon S.n. (SMU). tremely short pedicels was named var. brevipedun­ Hl'OSPETH COeNTY: Quitman Mtns.• 4 miles NE of Indian Hot culatus by M. E. Jones, in contrast to other speci­ Springs. WaterfaU484R (MO). PRESIDIO COL'NTY: near Presidio. mens with pedicels as much as 18 cm long (e.g., GarreI/50.' (SMU); 10 miles N of Ruidoso, Mr''y'auj?h 7479 (F. K. SMC. TEX); Big Bend Ranch. head of Fresno Canyon, jv[cGill & Keil 8222). Variation between these ex­ Correll & Rollins 2.1671 (SMt:); 1..'5 miles S of r-,'Iusgra\'e Can­ tremes, hO\\lever, appears to be continuous, so that yon. Hinckley 204.5 (US). TERRELl, COLINTY: 7 miles E of Sand­ it does not seem appropriate to recognize the ex­ erson, Wc/mock 11871 (LL, SIva:); 15 miles S ofSheffield, Webs· tremes nomenclaturally. Accordingly, the species is ter 27T (TEX); 5 miles W of Dryden. TImler51.71 (TEX). recognized as a single, variable taxon. MEXICO: SONORA: S of Moctezuma, Strau' 2126 (SO); S of Magdalena, Pennell 20264 (US); La Cienega. Goodding 94.5 Standley (1923) has suggested that Hibiscus ace­ (US); between Santa Rosa Canyon and Bavispe, H'hite 621 tosaefolius DC. may be an earlier name for this (MICH): Cerro del Viejo. SW of Caborca, Genlf')' 14457 (DES, species, but an examination of the Mocino & Sesse US); Sierra Tesota. Gentf')' 16.576 (LL, US): Fronteras, Hartmall plate (Flore du Mexique, t.79) shows that it does 978 (MO, Uel; 5 miles S of Imuris, Abrams 1.1207 !OS); Colonia not conform in several characters. Its hastate Morelos, ~l'hit(! 4584 (M ICH); Canon de la Petaquilla, White 3:118a (MICHl. CHIHl:AHUA: Meoqui, LeSueur 106.1 (F. MO. leaves, in fact, are more suggestive of Kosteletzkya TEX, L'C); 30 miles SE of Jimenez, McGill & Keil8222 (ASU); than of HibisClLs. 60 km SE de Jimenez. 27 AugI966, Robert S.Il. (ENCB); 68 miles NEof Aldama. Smith, Butlerwick & Whalen.'3.54 (LL); EI Poze. Sierra de Santa Eulalia. White 2414 (MICHl 2422 (MICH). Additional specimens examined: Palmer 128 (US). COAHt:ILA: Mpio. Hamos Arizpe. E of Ha­ cienda La Posa. ~l)'fl(1 & Mueller 21 (K. MICH. MO. US); 6 UNITED STATES: ARIZONA: YUMA COUNTY: Horse Tank miles 8W of Hipolito, JHulier .'3015 mc); 26.7 miles S of Mon· Mtns., Keamey& Peebles 10966 (F); Kofa Mtns.• 13 May 1941, clova, .McGill & Keil 7880 (ASU); Cerro de Zapatero. Purpus Harbison s.n. (SD), J'v[onBon 4 (CAS). PINAL COUNTY: 10 miles 4.547 (Ue); 7 miles S of Cuatrocienegas. Fryxell, Bales, & BlclII' W of Superior, Wolff 1909 (TAES); Superstition Mtns.. Le Barge chard 1496 (pf),Muller.3194 (LL); Muzquiz. Sama Ana Canyon, Canyon, Lehto 1827 (ASU, BM); San Tan Mtns., Peebles et ai. Marsh.547 (F.TEX); 18.milesNEof8altilio. Waterfall& H.'allis 1250 (US); 15 miles up Ariv. Can. from San Pedro Junction, 1.'32.14 (SMU); Saltillo. Palmer&, (K, MO. US) 57.1 (l.lS) 728 (F. Anderson et ai. 1041 (TAES); near Thompson, Wolff & Dana MO. US). Pennell 17284 (US): General Cepeda, Palmer .'329 1909 (US). PIMA COUNTY: Tucson Mtns., Prinlfle 400 (US). TOil' (US); between Saltillo and Torreon. Fryxell & Bales 2058 (BH. mey74 (OS, US), Parish 2,5 (BR, OS), Greenman & Greenman pf), Shre(l{' 87:16 (MICH, US); Parras. Purpus 4944 (8M, F, MO, 54 (MO), Mason & Turner 68-28a (SO), Thornber 23.10 (CAS, ue, US); II km NE of .1imulco, Starzford et al. 49 (DS, MO). LL, MO): Laboratory Hill. \·ie. Tucson, Rose et al. /iH79 (uS); NUEVO LEON: between Monterrey and Saltillo, Fryxell 1.1.1/ Sabino Canyon, Eastu'ood 17764 (CAS). 20 Aug 1903, Jones s.n. (CAS, (,TES, MEXt'. pn; 24 miles \V of Monterrey, Flook & (OS); La Abra Valley, Harbi.~OIl26206{SD); Topawa. Harri.~on Spears 40 (SMU); Canon de Huasteca. Kruckeberj?4861 mCl; & KearneyB02B (CAS); Litlle Ajo Mtns., 20 Aug 1972, f.:ngard S base of Sierra del Fraile (2.5.51°N, ICXl.32°W). ReeL'e,~ 6067 s.n. (8D): Organ Pipe Cactus Natl. Monument, Puerto Blanco (ASlT, pn. OeHANGO: 22 miles SW of Nazareno, McGill & Keil Mtns" Parker 7947 (OKLA, SMU); Alamo Canyon, Ajo Mtns., 6()42 (ASU); Mapimi, Palmer 52.10 (US): 14 miles E of La Ca· 12 DeC' 1939, Harbison S.Il. [SD); Baboquivari Mlns., Gould & dena, ,j()ne.~ 2.10.52 {F.NCBl; Ramos to Inde. Nel.wm 470.1 (US); Haskell.'J2.18 (liS, ue), N(!lsOTl & Nelson 155,'1 (K, RM), TlwC'k· 2-1 miles NE of Chocolate. Correll & ,johnston /999.1 (LL), ery 1220 (US). Gillilan .57 (OS. MO). MARICOI'A COUNTY: Mc­ Fryxell & Bales 2064 (BH. CTES. ENCB, MICH. pfJ; 28 miles Dowell Mtns.• Pinnacle Peaks area, Breedlove 1229 (OS). GII.A SW of Torreon, Waterfall /{j.'J7.3 (SMU); I mile SW of Gomez COUNTY: Roosevelt Dam, Eastlcood 59.1.5 (CAS); Canyon Lake, Palacio, Anderson & Allderson 52.11 (MICH); W of Mapimi. Nel.~on & Nel.~on 1746 (K, MO, RM). COCHISE COUNTY: Mule Greglf 60.5 (MO. NY). ZACATECAS: Cedros. Lloyd /14 (F, US). MtllS.. 17 Aug 1955, Jones s.n. (SO); Paul's Spur, 25 Aug 1955• Kirkll'ood 114 (Fl; Sierra del 'I eso. W of La Presa de Los Ange­ .Jon'!,~ S.n. (SOl; Paul's Quarry Hill, Jones 10.1 (CAS). GRAHAM les. ,johns/on el al. 1I52.5B (LL. 'rEX). BA.JA CALIFOHNIA: Q COUNTY: dry canyon of Gila River, 2-3 miles downstream from Arroyo EI Cajon (3(]051'N. 115 16'W).Moran215.58 (SO. pf). 26 10. Hibiscus poeppigii (Sprengel) Garcke, Jahresb. mm long, stellate-pubescent (the hairs 3-5-armed). Nat. Ver. Halle 2:133.1850. Seeds 3 mm long, reniform, densely and finely seri­ ceous, the hairs sordid, 3-4 mm long. (Fig. 15.) Achania poeppigii Sprengel, Syst. 3: 100. 1826. Type: CUBA: MANTANZAS: 1824, Poeppip s.n. (MO). Maluat'­ iscus poeppigii (Sprengel) G. Don. Gen. Hist. 1: 475. 18.'31. This species is commonly referred to as Hibiscus Pavonia poeppigii (Sprengel) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: pilosus (Swartz) Fawcett & Rendle (based on 71. 1891. Achania pilosa Swartz), but an examination of the Malval'iscus floridanus Nuttall, J. Acad. Philad. 7: 89. type ofSwartz' name reveals that Swartz' plant has 1834. Type; UNITED STATES: ~-LORlDA: Key West, Peale s.n. Achania floridana (Nutt.l Rafinesque, New 10 styles and stigmas rather than 5 and is thus a FL Amer. 1: 49. 1836. Hibiscus floridanus (Nutt.) Shut­ representative of Maluauiscus, not Hibiscus. This tleworth ex A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. Know!. 3 (art. 5, PI. position was correctly perceived by de Candolle Wright. Texano-Neo-Mexicanae, part 1): 22.1850, (1824, p. 445) and by Schery (1942), but most other Hibiscu.~ bancroftianu$ Macfadyen, Fl. Jamai('. 1: 70. 1837. authors have erred in the application of this name. Type?: .JAMAICA: St. Ann, Rose s.n. (K). Hibiscus nw· cleyanus Bancroft ex Macfadyen, FI. Jamaic, 1: 71. 18.'37. Blanchard & McVaugh (1978) have noted that pro syn. Hibiscus tubiflorus Mocifio & Sesse ex DC., a name HibiBcu.~ trunca/us A. Richard, Ess. Fl. Cub. 144. t. 16. also commonly applied to this species, is in fact a 1845; PI. Vasco [Cuba] 53. t. 16.1845, Kosteletzkya, and the name K. lubiflora (DC.) Blanchard & McVaugh correctly applies to the Distribution: Florida, U.S.A.: Cuba; .Jamaica; Mexico (from Tamaulipas to Yucatan and Chiapas); and Guatemala: from plant generally known as K.paniculala Bentham. near sea level to 800 m elevation (fig. 14). It has also been Hibiscus poeppigii is a relatively variable species. reported from the Bahamas, but I have seen no spedmens. Specimens from Florida and Cuba tend to have smaller flowers (petals 1.6-2.3 em long, filamen ts 2­ Shrub to 2 m tall. Stems sparingly pubescent 3 mm long), larger stigmas (0.5-0.8-mm diam.), and with stellate, spreading, 3-5-armed hairs (the arms simpler, narrower leaves; those from Chiapas tend 0.5-1 mm long) and with narrow lines (weakly or at to have larger flowers (petals 2.5-3.5 cm long, fila­ least variably expressed) decurrent from the sti­ ments 3-6 mm long), smaller stigmas (0.2-0.4 mm), pules of curved, simple hairs. Leaf blades ovate, and broader, more frequently lobed leaves (see fig. simple or weakly 3-lobed, basally rounded or trun­ 15). Plants from intervening areas (Tamaulipas to cate, dentate, acute, 2-5 em long, 1.5-3.5 em wide, Jamaica) tend to be intermediate. However, other palmately 5-nerved with a nectariferous zone at characters (calyx size, pubescence, etc.) do not sug­ base·of midrib beneath, stellate-pubescent beneath, gest that it is appropriate or possible to recognize the hairs predominantly 3-armed, the hairs above more than a single taxon. often 1-2-armed. Petioles 0.5-1.5 em long, stellate­ pubescent (like stem) and with dense beard of sim­ Additional specimens examined: ple hairs that are straight or imperfectly recurved UNITED STATES: Florida: Upper Matecumbe Key. Curtiss (geniculate) on the adaxial surface. Stipules 3-5 166 (GH; NY. s.n.l; Lower Matecumbe Key, Sma/l el al. 1 }ij94 mm long, erect, persistent. Peduncles in the axils of (NY); Long Key, Smyth 907 (VPO: Killip et al. -I()'·J42 (Ue. US): the leaves, sparsely stellate-scabridulous, ca. 2 em Big Pille Key, Sieb('rt 1294 (MOl, ,Hartin 1.'30:1 (NY. tJC), Hill long, articulated 4-6 mm below the flower, the ped­ 278-1 (FTG. pn, 25 Apr 1970, CIUlrdzif[ S.II. (SM U). Small et al. 913,'j (NY) 10149 (NY, US>. KilIip.12096 (8R. GH, K, tJS).'J1417 icel more densely pubescent above the articulation. (US) 419/;4 (CAS). Robertson 5:J (GH): Key West, Rugel 104 Bracts of the involucel 8-10, distinct, linear, 6-9 (AWH, 8M, GH, K, MO. NA, NY, US, pn, Bennett s.n. (NY), mm long, antrorsely hispid. Calyx 9-12 mm long, Garber9:J,5 (MOl s.n, !GH, NY, US). Small & Mosier 5988 (BR, cylindrical, ca. lf2-divided, stellate-pubescent; lobes OH, K, MO, NY, UC)' Blodgett .~.n. (NY), Sl1Ia/l & SI1I(//l4874 lanceolate-acuminate, erect. Petals 16-23 mm long (NY); between ManalC' Rh'er lind Sarasota Bay, Ruge/ I(},'J (MO); south Florida, Chapmall s.n. (NY): near Pim' Crest, Cor· (in Florida and Cuba) to 35 mm long (in Chiapas), rell et a/. 42246 (LL). red, erect, the corolla flaring, sparsely stellate-pu­ CUBA: WITHOliT PRECISE LOCALITY: Hi('a('os Ptminsulll, Seif. bescent externally where exposed in bud. Staminal riz 11.19 (US). OnmNTi-:: Salina. n('ar PuC'rto Padre, /31'. Le(m column exserted, to 22-24 mm long, glabrous, not 18957 (NY): EI Dudoso Cliffs, PilOn, Bro. Leon & Dah/well twisted; filaments 2-3 mm long (in Florida and 228(n (NY). CAMAGUEY: eayn Paloma, Shafl!r254!} (13M, ("H, NY, US); ellYo GUlljaba. Shafer 64.1 (NY); Cnyo Romano,. Cuba) to 6 mm long (in Chiapas). Styles 5, glabrous, Shafe,. 24.97 (NY). I,AS V((,LAS:Trinidad M tns., Bro. Fern all do exceeding staminal column by 2-3 mm; stigmas AllsOl'il! 694 (NY); Peninsula cll' Zapata. EI SoplilIlll', ROIg & capitate, villous, 0.2-0A-mm diam. (in Chiapas) to Crema/a 2082 (NY); Potrero Seboruco at Gavilan, Howard et 0.8-mm diam. (in Florida and Cuba). Capsule 8-12 (Continued on page 30.)

27 I I "; I '. .

I, G I I I

I ". • .~ • :"I ~ ,.. I ~ I • I r ~ , _... l \ 4 .... \ I

, ....: , v: 2', v:~, , ... ,I 0', , -,v'I 0:" Ikl ... ,' '0 I I - •0 0

28 FIGUR~; l5.-Hibiscus pocppigii. Lellves (left to right), RUMell().l, Lundell & Lunde1l804:J. Flowers (left to right), RUMel /114. Breedloue 10008. Thl' petals an' red, the ('Illyx and [.11(' involucel gn'en; the pubescence is yellowish. 8('ale: I em.

29 al. 19 lA, ue): Farallones dE.> Guajimico, E of Cienfuegos.•Hor· 11. H ibisCliS nelsonii Rose & Standley ex Standley. ton 1051.'1 (US); nt'ar Cienfuegos Bay, HOlcartl.54:J2 (CHI; Loma Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 7"'8. 1923. Type: de Banao, Bros. Leon & Clement 5442 (·AS. GH. NY); FUn San MEXICO: OAXACA: between Nopala and Mi­ .Juan. Britton et al. 596-1 (NY). MATAXZAS: Gorg(' of thl' Sllmllri. Britton et al. 2:19 (NY); around Matanzas. Rugel29 ([3:\1, :V1O. xistepec [San Pedro Mixtepec?), alt. 800-4,000 NA. pfl; Vardero. Killip :J2.JJ.I (USl. LA HAIlA:':,\; Tanlra Beach. ft. 5 Mar 1SB5, Nelson 2430 (holotype: US; iso­ Bm. Leon I:J60:1 (NY): near Hayana. Curtlss 7.J6 IBM, CAS. type: GHJ. See comment below on type locality, GH. K. NY, USI: vit'init~, of Cojimar. Bntton et ai, 62211 (NY); near Chonera. Bm. I.eon :UO (NY!. Distribution: O:.)(:I('a, :\1I;'xi('o. known only frolT! thp typl' (!iI(, ·JA1\IAICA: WITHOl'T PRE:CISE: LOCALITY; Plowden Hill. Hal" 1·11. risH167 (BM). ~IIDlJLESJ::X: Southt'm Maneht'stl;'l'. Harris 12{i9:1 !SM, CAS, GH. K. MO. NY. FS); Salt'm LlandO\·e~·. St. Ann. Harns l1X179 11:3:\-1. K. NY. l:SI: bl'twet'n Bro\\11SWWn and St. Shrub, height not known, the main stem woody, Ann's Bay. Bntt1Jl129.J4 (NY!. COR:;WALL: ::>1. Elizllbeth Puri~h. G-mm cHam. Stems greenish, coarsely stellate-pu­ I mile r: of Bull ::>avanuh School. HrJlmrci & Pl'(}('tIJr M92CJ (AI; bescent. the hairs 5-8-armed, the arms tufted or Tr(»awne~' Parish. ~ miles E of Falmouth. Stl'arJt.J6.'IIA. BMI: spreading. 0.5-1 mm long. Leaf lamina truncate to seal'Oa~t near Falmouth. Harn...; 7224 rBM l. slightly cordate, ovate, finely serrate, acute, 1.8-3 MEXICO: TAMAn,)!'AS: -; mileg S of Antiguo :Vlorl·los. Om· ham & .Johnston ·167;1 lTEX); 11 mill;':; S of San Femando. times as long as broad, lip to 5 em long, 3 em broad, Crutchfield & .Johnstoll ,'j.5{i1:IB (TEX I; betwt'en San Fernando palmately (:3-l5-7-nerved, evenly stellate-pubes­ and Tr(>~ Palo;;. Fryxell & Bat(·" 9,<;4 (BH. (,TEt-'.•'vtEXl'. ;:-';A. cent above and below, the hairs 4-6-armed, the TAER. pfJ: Chamal H('da.• :!.'i .JUI\(' Ifll!). HIm/Oil ".11. (l'S): arms more or less interlacing, randomly oriented. Santillanll cI(' Tamaulipa:;. Ber/am/rer:llil I(:H I; San Fernando Petioles 7-15 mm long, ca. 14 the length of lamina. to ,Jimenez, .vel.~()1! 662.5 (GH, (,SI. SAX l.l'l:; POTOSI: 1 kill al S de VIIIl(·s. RU(/UlC';JIl 1I).'17:1! EN(,BI;:;O mill;':; E of Valll's. ('h(lp' with pubescence like that of stem, the pubescence man ;W.5IJ (lTC'. l :Sl. VERAl'R('Z: W nfTnmpico, i) mill':; E of "t~ltt· denser at juncture with lamina. Stipules :3-4 mm line. Crutchfield & ·Johnston {;097b ILL. :\'1 WH. NY. TEX, (T I; long, tiliform, pubescent, persistent. Peduncles sol­ BarlOS del Carrizal. Pl/rpUH 61;11 !lWI; Plan del Rio. Mpiu. cI(, itary in the axils of the leaves, n.5-4 em long, artic­ Do~ Hi()s. Venturn 8,549 (ENCB. pI') 12209 (ENCH. pfl; ('())wjo;;. ulated 2.5 mm below the flower,sparsely pubescent Mpio. de PuentI;' Nacional. Velltum 7984 (ENe'B. pO; Puente below the articulation, densely so above, the pu­ Nal'ional, PIIlPUS 61,']2 (13:\'1. uel; Hellludadero. Purpus /li7Y.f !US) 1.5229 (MICH. UC): Zacuapan. PIIJ7}US 22:1(; !liC'1 .J·117 bescence like that ofstem. Involucel9-12 mm long, (Uel. CHIA!'AS; without locality, Ghiesbre/!ht 6-/;/ IBM. UH. K. of 8-10 bractlets; bractlets distinct, stipitate-spa­ a;; photo, USI; .1 miles S of Tuxtla Gutienez, Br('e(//o('(' 10008 tulate, the stipe yellowish, ca. 1 mm wide, the blade (DS, gNCB. LL. MICH. NY. US); fiJi mill'S W of Tuxtla greenish, 2-4.5 mm wide, acute, obscurely 3-5­ Gutierrez. Breedlflt,(, 201:18 (DS. ENCB. MleH I; hlulTs (lbm'(' Presn La Angostura. 45 km from Tuxtla (7(X) ml, Breedlol'<' nerved. with stellate hairs externally, antrorsely :17-107 (OS); Mpio, d(· San Fernando. at Mirador for Chicoasl'n ciliate·hispid on margin and on in ternal surface. Dam. Breed/()('!' 41469 (DSI: 10 krn W of Chiapa ell' Curl<> (ii(X] Calyx 8-11 mm long, brownish, sometimes darkly ml, Bn'<'dlo('C' 2.51.56 (DS. prl; N, Cahllan!. ('erea Chiapa. J[t· so at base, densely hispid, the hairs antrorse, yel­ ranr/a ,j676 (DS); ii.fi miles SE of ('hiapa dE' CurlO. Brl'edlon' lowish; lobes 2-:3 mm long, rounded-acute to ob­ & RO('I'II 19768 ( DS. LL. (lS), Hreedluc'e9fi:17 (DSI; 11' km SW of La Trinilaria. Breed/oc'e 42]{}{i (DSI; San Bartol()me. Gold· tuse, Petals 1.5-2 cm long, red, tubular, coarsely IlICIn 756 (LIS). ('AMP~;CHE: without lo(·ality. 17:30. HOl/stoun 09.11, stellate-pubescent externally, Staminal column {13M I; Distr. Hecelrhakan. Xoalumkia. SeIer &: SeIer .JfJ·W 2.5-3.5 em long. exserted, glabrous, twisted, sur­ (CA::>. GH); ChHmput6n,SleC'l'C' l!J.m rMI('H); tit-fin. Siln Pahlo. mounted by 5 sterile teeth; filaments arising in dis­ near Champoton. C()lIill.~ 41 (US!. 'il'CATAN: without. Illl'alit.'·. tall cm, 2-:3 mm long, Styles slender, glabrous, GalJllIer496 IA .. BM. ('AS. DS, OH. K. M.lCH. N'{. RM. ec. exceeding staminal column by 5 mm; stigmas capi­ USI 2.J040 (K. US]. Goldman ';8,'/ (l ~S I; Cnlc,tmul, Gaufller 1811 IA. CAS, K. US), I.,wldell 16511 IliS]; San Anselmo. (;aUlJler tate, ca. n.5-mm diam. Capsules ovoid or subglo­ 1809 !GH. MO. USI; 11.11111:11. Gaumer 16587 (WIS), Greenman bose. 7-8 mm long, sparsely antrorsely stdgose; 88.1 WH. NYI; ::>i1am. Guamer [.'110 IBM. DS. MICH. liC); seeds reniform. 2.5 mm long, dark-brown, Rericeous, Chichen Itza. l./lruil!/1 &: l.lIfult>ll 7421 {LL, :\11 CH]. Sh'C'/'(' 1126' the hairs red-brown, :l-4 mm long. (Fig. 16,) (13M. MICH, MOl Ste('/'(' I·mll (MICH); bl'lll'('ell Mi!rida and Uxmal. I..ulldell &: l.urlC/('1I H075 ILL MICH); bl'twe('n Merida and Progreso. l./lndell &: LUlldell SU·!:! ILL, M I CH I; Progr('~o. Concerning the type locality "between Nopala Stel'rC','1052 (MICHl: Xno(·al. GCIumer2;14,'1] IA. HM. CAS. UH. and MixL<;tepec," it may be noted that "Mixistepec" K. ~IO, NY. HM. liS); nt'aJ' ('('1101('. Smyth 17{;;1 (VPlJ. ql'lX· is evidently a misspelling of"Mixtepee." In the No­ TAN,\ ROO: Coba. along DZltnu[l trai!' LUlldell &: 1,/iT/tiell 71i7l pala vicinity, there are two significan t villages llsing ILL, MICHl; t'll. l~ miles N of Tulum. \VtlllllfTIli iJ (WIS) /:1 (WISI. this name, San Gabriel Mixtepec and San Pedro GCATEMALA: OEPT•.JALAPA: [,;1 H:lneho. Kellerman ,;.5M Mixtepec. At the present time there is a good (lIS). .ngPT. ZAC',\I'A: GIIIIJ{ln. {Jearn 1i27H I\!S!. graded road (terraceria) between San Gabriel and

30 FIGURE 16.-Hibiscus fll!lsonii. Flower anrllen f, NI!/son 24:JO. The petals an' recl. the ('n Iyx nnd pedkel brownish (the hn irs .vellowish J: the involucel is green (except yellowish at the very hase). The stellate hair.; on the ('orolla an' oul.\' partially indiratl·d. Scalp: I em.

31 Nopala. Local inquiry reveals, however, that this iferous only in exserted portion; filaments 2-3 mm road is relatively new and did not exist in 1895 when long; anthers purplish, the pollen orange. Styles 5, Nelson collected the plant. The old road went from with long white hairs; stigmas reddish, capitate, San Pedro Mixtepec to N opala via several coffee villous, 0.6-0.8-mm diam. Capsules 9-12 mm long, fincas (Porvenir, San Isidro, and La Soledad) and is equaling or exceeding the calyx, oblong-ovoid, apic­ now passable only on horseback. It is probably on ulate, antrorsely strigose. Seeds reniform, 3 mm this road, traversing a different elevation and vege­ long, blackish, sericeous, the hairs sordid, 3-4 mm tation type, that Nelson encountered Hibiscus nel­ long. (Fig. 17.) sonii. It is of interest that H. kochii may be found on the road between San Pedro and San Gabriel. Additional specimens examined: MEXICO: WITHOUT PRE­ CISE LOCALITY: Berlandier s.n. (NY) 874 (MO, UC), 18.'38, Vischer s.n. (NY); near Mexico, Bustamante & Rocha s.n. 12. Hibiscus spiralis Cavanilles, Icon. PI. 2: 47. (NY); in montibus circa Mexico, Sep, Berlandier s.n. (MOl; San t. Antonio, 60 mi N of Mexico, Nov 1884, Carruthers s.n. (BM). 162.1793. Type: Cauanilles s.n. (holotype: MA; DISTRITO FEDERAL: ledges, Chapultepec, Pringle 1452 (A, BM, as photo, BM, K, US). GH, K, MICH, NO, NY, US), Paray242 (ENCB); circa Mexico (Tacubaya), Berlandier 876 (OS); Xochitepec, delegaci6n de Distribution: central Mexico lcf. Paray, 1953), atelevations of Xochimilco, en terreno plano, Ventura 3143 (ENCB, pf); Cerro 2,000-2,500 m (fig. 14). Xochitepec, Galicia 21 (ENCB), Rzedowski22141 (ENCB, LL, MICH, WIS); del Valle de Mexico, Schaffner 441 (GOET) 647 Shrub to 1.5-2 m tall; stems green with sparse, (GOET) 703 (GOET). minute stellate pubescence, the hairs appressed, frequently 4-5-armed, the arms 0.2-0.5 mm long, 13. Hibiscus peripteroides Fryxell, sp. nov. the longitudinal lines ofsimple recurved hairs pres­ ent but weakly expressed. Leaves ovate or lanceo­ Frutex 1-2 m altus. Caules erecti, teretes, stel­ late, rarely cordate, usually truncate or cuneate at lato-pubescentes juventute, glabrescentes, pilis the base, irregularly dentate, sometimes entire to­ submalpigheaceis. Lamina foliorum lanceolata vel ward the base, acute, 5-7.5 em long, 1.5-5 em wide, ovata, 2-7.5 em longa, 1-5 em lata, palmatim 3(-5)­ (1.5-)2-4 times as long as wide, sparsely pubescent, nervata, basaliter cuneata vel subtruncata atque the upper surface with antrorsely oriented simple integra, distaliter crenata vel dentata, plus minusve hairs, the lower surface with stellate hairs mostly acuta, plus minusve discoloria, supra glabrata, infra 3-4-armed, palmately 3-5(-7}-nerved with an ob­ persparse pubescentia, pilis stellatis, 3-4-brachia­ scure nectariferous zone at base of midrib beneath. tis. Petioli 3-5 mm longi, pubescenti, in faciebus Petioles 10-16(-25) mm long, usually about y.j the adaxialibus pilis simplicibus antrorse rerurvatis, al­ length of lamina, densely pubescent on adaxial sur­ ibi pilis stellatis. Stipulae 4-11 mm longae, rigidae, face, with scattered stellate pubescence to glabrate ad caulem adpressae, anguste subulatae basibus elsewhere. Stipules erect, glabrate, linear, 8-10 mm tumidis, sparse pubescentes. Pedunculi axillari, long (sometimes shorter), brownish but relatively saepe sQlitarii, 5-30 mm longi, articulati prope vel persistent. Peduncles 0.5-2 em long in flower 0.6-5 supra medium, plus minusve stellato-pubescentes. em in fruit, articulated above middle, more densely Involucellum per 2-4 mm ad basem gamophyllum, pubescent above articulation; pedicels 4-11 mm cupulam rotundatam 5 mm latam formans; lobi long, antrorsely pubescent, enlarged distally. Invol­ involucellorum ca. 9, erecti, plus minusve pubes­ ucellar bracts 9, distinct or nearly so, condyloid at centes, 6-13 mm longi (calycem excedentes), 1.0­ base, linear-lanceolate to spatulate, 8-14 mm long, 3.0 mm lati, lineares vel triangulares, acuti, non 1-2 mm wide (narrowed at base), sparsely pubes­ manifeste 3-5 nervati. Calyces cylindracei, 7-10 cent, basally pallid, distally gre-en. Calyx 9-13 mm mm longi, strigosi (pilis plus minusve antrorsi) long, broadly campanulate, ca. Ya-divided, the lobes praesertim in marginibus; dentes calycis triangu­ broadly ovate, 3-nerved, subacute, the apex tufted, lares, 2 mm longi. Petala rubra vel erubescentia, sparsely stellate-pubescent externally, glabrous erecta, 17-19 mm longa, 3-5 mm lata, oblanceolata, within, relatively less greenish (more yellowish) infra in unguibus longis angustata, glabra. Col­ than involucel, brownish at base. Corolla bright­ umna staminalis per anthesin exserta, 24-26 mm red, 2-2.5 em long, tubular (malvaviscoid), with longa, pallid a, glabra, ad apicem 5 dentibus trian­ scattered stellate pubescence externally where ex­ gularibus, in parte exserta antherifera; filamenta posed in bud. Staminal column 3.0-4.5 em long, 3-5 mm longa; antherae numerosae (ca. 75), <1 notably exserted, glabrous, pallid, twisted, anther­ mm longae, pallidae. Styli 5, graciles, glabri, distal­

32 FIGURE 17.-Hibiscus spiralis. Flower, Galicia 81, Leaf, Rzedouwki 22141. Tht' pewls nn' red, till! calyx is brownish (especially at bal:'(ll, and the involucel is green (pallid basally). Scale: I (·m.

33 f'U:U1n; IH. - HibiscUH perifl/cmides. Flower,I',,1(/cDougall.5.n. Leaf, Koch & Fryxe1l7836.1. The petal:; (Ire red (pink, according to MacDougall>. the calyx and involucel grep.n. Scale: 1 em.

34 iter libri per 5 mm, androecium excedentes; stig­ ide; bracteae involucellorum fere distinctae, line­ mata parva, rubella, pilis paucis villosis. Capsula 5­ ares, minute stellato-pubescentes, calycem exce­ cellularis, oblonga, 9-14 mm longa, ca. B-mm diam., dentes, 9-12 mm longae, 1-1.3 mm latae, acutae. antrorse strigosa. Semina 3 mm longa, sericea, pilis Calyces infuscati, stellato-pubescenti, 7-9 mm fuscis, 3.5-5 mm longis. (Fig. lB.) longi, 5-10bati, obscure nervati; lobi calycis trian­ gulares, ca. 2· mm longi, interdum purpurascenti. Types: MEXICO: OAXACA: Paso Alicia, Guiengola, [Distr.] Petala coccinea, spatulata unguibus longis, 15-18 Tehuantepec, alt. 500 ft, shrub with pink flowers, 6 Apr 1969, T. mm longa, 5 mm lata, erecta corollam tubularem MacDougalls.n. (holot,ype: NY; isotype: pO; near Tehuantepec, 7 June 1910, Orcutt 5296 (paratypes: MO, US); Mpio. Jalapa del formantes, extus pilis minutis glutinosis atque pilis Marques, Cerro Guiengola, 12 km al oeste de Tehuantepec, alt. stellatis dispersis. Columna staminalis per anthesin ca. 350 m, 16 Nov. 1978, Koch & Fryxell78322 (paratypes: BH, magnopere exserta (quam corollam duplo longior), CHAPA, ENCB, pO; Mpio. San Bartolo Yautepec, Puerto San pallida, torta; filamenta 2-3 mm longa, I'.picem ver­ Bartolo, alt. 1,010 m, 19 Nov 1978, Koch & Fryxell78363 (para­ sus insertae; antherae 50-60, pallidae, 0.5-0.7 mm types: CHAPA, CTES, ENCB, pf); Yerba Santa, San Antonio, 11 Apr 1966, T. MacDougall s.n. (paratypes: NY, US; the US longae. Styli 5, graciles, distaliter libri per 5 mm, duplicate bears the collection No. 10). glabri; flores protogyne ut videtur, stylis stigmatib­ Distribution: Oaxaca, Mexico, in the southern part of the usque exsertis ante androecium elongat, androecio Isthmus ofTehuantepec (fig. 14). stigmata demum excedentibus; stigmata non prominenta. Capsula apiculata, B-10 mm longa, an­ The specific epithet refers to the resemblance of trorse strigosa praesertim apicem versus. Semina the flowers ofthe new species to those typical of the 2.5 mm longa, sericea, pilis fuscis 3-4 mm longis. genus Penptera, with erect, narrow petals. The spe­ (Fig. 19.) cies shares this aspect of floral morphology with H. colimensis, H. kochii, and H. acapulcensis. Like Type: MEXICO: COLIMA: dry hills now leafless, 15-25 km these species also, H. peripteroides appears to be NW of Santiago, road to Cihuatlan, Jalisco; elev. 50-100 m; protogynous, with the styles elongating first and occasional shrub 2 m high with slender wiry branches; flowers scarlet; 16 Mar 1965, McVaugh et at. 23oaO (holotype: ENCB; the androecium elongating later. (One might spec­ isotype: MICHl. ulate that these species of Hibiscus with small red flowers and exserted genitalia share pollinators The specific epithet is chosen in reference to the with Periptera.) H. peripteroides is distinctive for type locality (fig. 14). Hibiscus colimensis is similar its involucel of broad linear bracts that are basally to H. acapulcensis in its very coarsely serrate gamophyllous, forming a rounded cup. See further leaves, its narrow spatulate petals, and other char­ discussion under H. kochii. acters, but may be distinguished by its shorter pen­ The MacDougall localities cited above are more duncles, its shorter involucel, its shorter calyx, its precisely located in the gazetteer of collecting lo­ hispid fruit,.d by the color and conformation of calities given by Goodwin (1969). the calyx. See further discussion of the relation­ ships ofH. colimensis under H. kochii. 14. Hibiscus colimensis Fryxell, sp. nov. 15. Hibiscus acapulcensis Fryxell, sp. nov. Frutex 2 m altus. Ramunculi novelli minute stel­ lato-pubescentes, pilis plerumque 4-brachiatis sub­ Frutex 1-2 m altus. Caules sparse stellato-pubes­ malpigheaceisque, minus quam I-mm diam., de­ centes (pilis 3-6-brachiatis, patentibus vel adpl'es­ mum pilis cadentibus et caulibus glabrescentibus sis, brachiis ca. 0.5 mm longis), seriebus decurrenti­ viridibusque. Lamina foliorum concolores, ovato­ bus pilorum curvatorum leviter vel haud expressis. lanceolata, ad basem rotundata-truncata, per­ Laminae foliorum usque ad 5 cm longae, 3 cm latae, grosse serrata (4-B dentibus in quoque latere), us­ ad basem truncatae, partibus tertiis proximalibus que ad 9 em longa, 4.5 cm lata, acuta vel acuminata, integris, cetera pergrosse dentatae (ca. 5-B dentibus palmatim 3-5-nervata (nervis prominentibus infra, in quoque latere), acutae, palmatim 5-nervatae, haud supra), utrinque sparse ac minute stellato­ utrinque sparse aequaliterque stellato-pubescentes puberulenta.. Petioli 3-7 mm longi, stellato-pubes­ (piUs plerumque 4-radiatis, supra plus minusve par­ centes. Stipulae 6-B(-11) mm longae, erectae, sub­ vioribus). Petioli 3-4 mm longi, stellato-pubes­ ulatae, glabratae,rigidae basibus strumosis condy­ centes atque zona pilorum simplicium recurvorum loides. Pedunculi axillari, solitarii, 5-10 mm longi, in facie adaxiali. Stipulae 4-7 mm longae, ereetae, stellato-pubescentes. Involucellum B-partitum, vir­ (Continued on page 38.)

35 FIGURE 19. - Hibiscus colimensis. Flower, McVaugh 23030. The petals are red, the calyx is brownish (especially at base), the involucel is green, and the hairs are whitish. Sc~le: 1 cm.

36 FIGURE 20. - Hibiscus acapulcensis. Flower and leaf, Troublefield & Rowe1l2822-B. The petals are red, the calyx is yellowish-brown with reddish lobes. and the involucel is green. Scale: 1 em.

37 persistentes, spinescentes, petiolum aequantes vel minusve parvioribus), nectario infra prope basem excedentes. Pedunculi 1-3 cm longi, sparse stellato­ costam. Petioli 3-5 mm 10ngi, stellato-pubescentes pubescentes, infra flores 8-14 mm articulati, ali­ atque pilis minutis recurvatis in superficiebus adax­ quantum plus dense pubescentes in pedicellis supra ialibus. Stipulae 5-1O( -13) mm longae, erectae, per­ articulum. Bracteolae involucellorum 8-9, ad sistentes, lineari-falcatae. Pedunculi 0.5-1.5(-2) cm basem connatae per 1-1.5 mm, cetera distinctae, longi, dense stellato-pubescentes, infra flores 4-7 15-18 mm longae, 1.2-2 mm latae, linearis, acutae, mm articulatio Bracteolae involucellorum 9-10, 1-3-nervatae, sparse stellato-hispidulae, viridae. fere distinctae, 13-16 mm longae, 1-2.1 mm latae, Calyces 10-13 mm longi, 1/3-divisi, plus minusve ur­ lineares, acutae, 1-3-nervatae, sparse stellato-his­ ceolati (ad basem latiores, sursum aliquantum de­ pidulae, virides. Calyces 10-12 mm longi, V3-V2-div­ crescentes), minute atque sparse stellato-puberu­ isi, plus minusve urceolati (ad basem latiores, sur­ lentes, in tubis flavidi, in apicem loborum (praeter sum aliquantum decrescentes), minute stellato­ costis pallidis) atro-rubentes. Petala 17-18 mm pubescentes, ad basem flavidi, lobis interdum viri­ longa, glabra, erecta corollas tubulares formantia. dis, plerumque atro-purpureis praeter 3 nervis viri­ Androecia exserta, 22-23 mm longa, columna gla­ dis. Petala rubra, 16-18 mm longa, anguste spatu­ bra, filamentis 2-3 mm longis, antheris violaceis lata (partibus latissimis 3-5 mm latis), erecta (?). Styli 5, glabri, rubelli, androecium per 2-3 mm corollas tubulares formantia, extus grosse stellato­ excedentes; stigmata capitata, pallida (?), villosa, pubescentes. Androecia exserta, 22-23 mm longa, 0.2-0.5-mm diam. Capsulae oblongo-ovoideae, columna pallida, torta, glabra autem minute pap­ quasi glabrae, 10 mm longae, dehiscentes, per caly­ illata, filamentis 2-3 mm longis, antheris atque pol­ cern urceolatum inclusae. Semina 3 mm longa, ren­ line rubellis vel aurantiacis, numerosis. Styli 5, gra­ iformia, sericea, pilis fuscis. (Fig. 20.) ciles, glabri, rubelli; flores ut videtur protogyne, stylis stigmatibusque permature exsertis; stigmata Type: MEXICO: GUERRERO: 8 miles E of Acapulco, 5·ft shrub capitata, villosa, rubella, 0.2-0.4-mm diam. Capsu­ on mountainside, flowers red; 500 ft: 26 .June J952. Trouble/iekl lae oblongo-ovoideae, antrorse hispidae, 12 mm lon­ & RoweU2822-B (holotype: SML'; isot:.'pes: ENCB, MICH, pO. gae, dehiscentes, calyces parum excedentes. Semina The specific epithet is chosen in reference to the 2.2 mm longa, sericea, pilis fuscis 3-4 mm longis. type locality (fig. 14). Hibiscus acapulcensis resem­ (Fig. 21.) bles H. colimensis in the very coarse serrations of Types: MEXICO: OAXACA: Mpio. Pochutla: ca. 4 km al N de the leaf margins and the narrow spatulate petals Puerto Angel, por la carretera a Pochutla; selva caducifolia con (in common also with H. peripteroides), and it re­ Bursera, leguminosas, y FiclL$; suelo somero. franco; alt. 100 m; sembles H. kochii in its slightly urceolate calyx en la orilla de la carretera en vegetacion densa; muy escasa; 22 Nov 197H, Koch & FryxeIl78405 (holotype: CHAPA; isotypes: with more or less purplish lo'les. It may be distin­ ENCB. MO, pO; 1-2 km aID. de Puerto Angel, por la brecha a guished from these species according to the char­ la Escuela de Pesca; arroyo con selva baja caducifolia pertur­ acters given in the key and by characters noted in bada, con Croton, Bursera, y diversas leguminosas; suelo arcil­ 1080; alt. 50 m; escaso en sitios sombreados; 22 Nov 1978, Koch the discussion under H. kochii. All three of these & Fryxell 784().3 (para types: CHAPA, ENCB, pf). Mpio. San Pacific coast species appear to be relatively rare, Pedro Mixtepec: terrace ria a San Gabriel Mixtepec, 6.5 km al have restricted distributions, or both. See further Norte de Puerto Escondido, alt. 160 m, 10 Nov 1979, Koch, Fryxell, & Wendt 79464 (paratypes: CAS, CHAPA, ENCB, K. discussion under H. kochii. MEXU, MO, NA. NY, WIS, pfJ; terracerfa a San Gabriel Mix· tepee. H km al Norte de Puerto Escondido, alt. 40 m, 10 Nov 1979, Koch, Fryxell, & Wendt 79466 (para types; CHAPA, Hi. Hibiscus kochii Fryxell, sp. nov. ENCB, F, MEXU, XAL, pO. Mpio. Santa Maria Huatulco: (~arretera a Salina Cruz, 52-53 km E de entronque con la ('arre­ tera Pochutla-Puerto Angel, alt. 50 m, 14 Nov 1979, Koch, Frutex 1-2 m altus, pauci-ramificantes. Caules Fryxl!ll. & Wl!ndt 795.39 (paratypes: BM, CAS. CHAPA, ENCB, aspere pubescentes, pHis plerumque 4-radiatis, plus MEXU. NY, XAL. pO. minusve adpressis, radiis ca. 0.5 mm longis; series The new species is named for Stephen D. Koch, decurrentes pilorum curvatorum haud expressi. cocollector of the type, whose unflagging energy Laminae foliorum usque ad 15 cm longae, 7.5 cm and good humor on collecting trips have been ap­ latae, ad basem truncatae, marginibus basaliter in­ preciated no less than his broad knowledge of Mex­ tegris autem maximum partem grosse serratis (ca. ican botany. The new species has strikingly beauti­ 8-10 serraturis in quoque latere), acuminatae, pal­ ful (though small) flowers, notable for their matim (3-)5-nervatae, utrinque aequaliter stellato­ contrasting colors: involucel green, calyx yellow at pubescentes (pHis plerumque 4-radiatis, supra plus base with dark purplish lobes with pale veins, cor­

38 - FIGURE 21. - Hibiscus koch;;. Flower and leaf, Koch & Fry:((:/17840.5. The pollen is orange, and the petalf; are red. The calyx. yellowish at the very base, has black-purple lobes with yellow-green nerves. The involutel is grt'en. S('ale: 1 ('01.

39 olla bright red, and the exserted androecium a rich form is urceolate in H. acapulcensis and H. kochii, orange-red. Hibiscus kochii is similar to H. acapul­and essentially tubular in H. colimensis. The tips censis in certain respects but may be distinguished of the calyx lobes are usually darkly pigmented from it by its denser pubescence and by a number (except for the veins) in H. kochii, have much less of other characters, most of which are employed in pigmentation in H. acapulcensis, and have only a the key. tendency toward such coloration in H. colimensis. The red-flowered species of Hibiscus occurring Other characters (petal and fruit pubescence, pedi­ along the Pacific watershed from Colima to Oaxaca cel and involucellength, dentation of the leaves, as (fig. 14) are similar in many respects and therefore presented in the key and in the descriptions) sup­ deserve a careful comparison. Only two of them (H. port the distinction of these taxa in specific rank. peripteroides and H. kochii) have been collected frequently enough for us to say that we have a good 17. Hibiscus lauateroides Moricand, PI. NOllV. understanding of their geographical and morphol­ Amer. 23. t. 16. 1836. Type: MEXICO: near ogical ranges; both kinds of ranges are clearly lim­ Tampico, Berlandier 127 (BM, CAS, G, L, UC, ited. The remaining species (H. colimensis, H. aca­US). pulcensis, H. nelsonii) are known from only one collection each. Whether this scarcity of collections Hibiscus marmoratus Lemaire, lllus. Hort. 3: t. 82. 1856 is a result of the rarity of the plants, inaccessibility (reproduced with modification in FI. des Serres t. LI59). Type: plate 82. of the areas in which they grow, or the obscurity of Hibiscus longipes Standley, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 238. the plants in the associated vegetation is not cer­ 1924. Type: EL SALVADOR: Finca San Nicolas, tain; all three of these factors probably playa role. ChOllSSy5 (holotype: US). I think a principal role is played by the obscurity of the plants, as they are understory shrubs for the Distribution: West Indies, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Sal­ vador, and Honduras; sometimes cultivated. Borssum Waalkes most part, growing in shady (though seasonally (1966, p. 75) notes that H. lat'ateroides has been cultivated in arid) situations, often in very dense vegetation. .Java. Their branching is sparing; their foliage is sparse; and, although their flowers are brightly colored, Shrub 1-1.5 m tall, the stems evenly stellate-pu­ they are sparingly produced, and each flower lasts bescent, and with longitudinal lines sometimes ev­ only 1 day. They are thus easily overlooked by bot­ ident of dense more or less recurved smaller hairs, anists (even those who are looking for them) and the hairs relatively persistent. Leaves cordate­ are probably not as rare as they seem. I believe that ovate or weakly 3-lobed, crenate or dentate to sub­ these isolated collections are representative of dis­ entire, acute, 4-9 em long, 3.5-8 em broad, pal­ crete, narrowly distributed species rather than of mately or pedately 7-nerved, with elongated (ob­ variation within a single widespread and variable scure) nectariferous zone at base of midrib beneath species. Precedent exists in section Bombicella for (or at base of 3 principal veins), evenly stellate­ both patterns of variation. Future collections will pubescent beneath, the hairs predominately 3­ provide the test for this interpretation. armed (the arms up to 1 mm long), the hairs of the Hibiscus nelsonii stands apart from this group, upper surface smaller and with a tendency toward and is the most distinctive in its broadly spatulate antrorse orientation. Petioles with pubescence like involucellar bracts, rounded calyx lobes, and dis­ that ofstem, up to 4 em long, 1/2 the length of lamina tinctively hispid calyx pubescence. H. peripteroides or less. Stipules erect, linear, antrorsely pubescent, is also easily distinguished by the form of its invol­ 4-5 mm long. Peduncles solitary in the axils, 2-8 ucel, the bracts of which are broadly linear and em long, medially articulated, with pubescence like connate basally to form a rounded cup, together that of stem. Pedicels 5-10 mm long in flower to 35 with a narrowly tubular green calyx. However, mm long in fruit. Involucellar bracts 9, distinct, there is a tendency in fl. acapulcensis toward a broadly spatulate, acute, 8-10 mm long and 3 mm similar form of the involucel, indicating a relation­ broad in flower to 12-15 mm long and 4.5-5,5 mm ship, although the tendency is not strong enough broad in fruit, with pubescence like that of leaf that the two species might be confused. lamina. Calyx 16-19 mm long in flower to22 mm in The remaining three species (H. colimensis, H. fruit, ca. 1/2-divided, stellate-pubescent externally, acapulcensis, and H. kochii) show similarities in­ minutely puberulent within. Petals lavender, 3-4 dicative of close alliance. The most striking char­ em long, stellate-pubescent externally where ex­ acters are the form and coloration of the calyx. The posed in bud, glabrous within except ciliate on claw.

40 FIGURE 22. - Hibiscu.~ lamteroicies. Flower, J~folina & Molina 308.5.5. Leaf. Luncielll662.5A. Scale: 1 em.

41 Staminal column pallid, glabrous, antheriferous lineares. Pedunculi 0.5-2 cm longi, solitarii in axilis only near apex; filaments 2-4 mm long, sometimes foliorum, infra flores 4-7 mm articulati, stellato­ secundly arranged, the androecium nearly equaling pubescentes, pilis plus densis atque longis (usque the petals. Styles 5, with scattered long white hairs; ad 1.5 mm) supra articulum. Bracteolae involucel­ stigmas capitate, reddish, 0.7-0.8-mm diam., vil­ lorum 9, lineares, 8-10 mm longae, 0.5-0.8 mm la­ lous, slightly exceeding the petals. Capsule 12-14 tae, acutae, sparse pubescentes, virides. Calyces 12­ mm long, stellate-pubescent, dehiscent. Seeds dark, 16 mm longi, aequaliter stellato-pubescentes, usque 3 mm long, reniform, sericeous, the hairs chestnut­ ad 1f2-divisi, lobis 5, triangularibus, acutis, 5-7 mm colored,5 mm long. (Fig. 22.) longis. Petala ca. 4 cm longa, lilacina pallida (in sicco fere alba), fere ubique extus stellato-pubes­ Additional specimens examined: centes, intus glabra. Androeci..t inclusa; columna ca. 3 cm longa, glabra, pallida, 0.5-mm diam., an­ JAMAICA: CORNWALL: near Lucea, Brt'tton2898 (NY); vic. therifera in 8 mm distalibus; antherae atrosangui­ Montego Bay, jHaxon & Killip 164.5 (A, GH, NY, US). MIDDLE­ neae confertae in filamentis brevis (1 mm); pollen SEX; Sl. Ann Parish: Grierfield, Adams, 87.37 (BM); Manchester aurantiaca. Styli glabri, pallidi, androecium per 3 Parish: Glasgow Distr., N of Auchtembeddie, 1,500 ft, Proctor 247.52 WH, LL, MICH, NY, US); SE side of Heron's Hill, 1,600 mm excedentes; stigmata capitata, villosa, 0.8-mm ft, Hou'ard, Proctor, & Wagenknecht 20.523 lA, LL). diam., plus minusve pallida. Capsulae 12-13 mm GUADELOUPE: Basse-Terre, Duss 2.324 (NY. US) .3209 longae, dehiscentes, distaliter stellato-pubescentes, (US). pilis plerumque 3-brachiatis, brachiis 0.5-1 mm lon­ MEXICO: WITHOUT LOCALITY; ,faeTler 127 (MO). TAMAULI­ gis, cetera glabrae. Semina ignota. (Fig. 23..) PAS: vic. Tampico, Palmer.586 (US). VERACRUZ: Panuco, Palmer .348 WH, NY, US); Laguna de Nixtamalapan, Sousa 2207 Type: ECUADOR: Provincia de El Oro (pocos km al Sur de (CAS). Arenillas, Hoo3'W, 3°34'S], 80 m; arbusto de hasta 5 pies, de GUATEMALA: PETEN: La Libertad, Aguilar 273 (MICH, flares color morado claro, crece bajo arboles en bosque muy seeo MO, NY); Uaxactun, LUTldell 16625 (LL, pf), Lundell & Can· tropical perturbado. Polen rajo. 27 May 1979, L. Albert de Es· treras 19921 (LL), Bartlett 12291 (CAS, MICH, US); Santa cabal' 1298 (holotype: TEX; isotypes: HUA, QCA, pt). Elena, km 6, camino para San Andres, R. TIm Ortiz 137., (BM. MICH. US); Lake Peten Itza, ca. 15 miles from Flores. Lundell 18:'00 (LL); Santa Elena, Lundell 17808 (LL, pO, Contreras 6140 The new species is named for the collector, Linda (LL), W of San Andres, LuII dell 17241 (LLI. San Miguel, Can. Escobar, whose recent collections from Ecuador frera.'; 7.510 (LL), San Andres Road, Contreras 9654 (LL, pf). have included this new species among many inter­ BELIZE: El eayo Distr., vir. El Cayo, Challek ,,2 (MICHl. esting collections. H. escobariae shows it closest Challek.50 (MICH). affinity with H. lauateroides but may be distin­ EL SALVADOR: San Salvador. Calderon 820 (US)' HONDURAS: DEPT. COPAN: in thicketsalongYaragua Creek, guished by its smaller, unlobed leaves, its shorter 1 mile W of Copan Huinas, Molina & Molilla308.5.5 (EAP, F, pt). peduncles, its narrower involucellar bracts, its DEPT. CORTES: La Lima, cultivated, Diellsoll 1862 (US). DEPT. smaller calyces and androecium, but equally large SANTA IIARBAHA: Rio Chambele('on, Thieme.5152 (SM, US). petals, and its glabrous styles.

18. Hibiscus escobariae Fryxell, sp. nov. 19. Hibiscus longi/ilus Fryxell, Brittonia 25: 78. 1973. Ty p e: ME X I CO: P U E B LA: n ear Frutex 1.6 m altus. Caules erecti, teretes, virides Tehuacan, Purpus 1262 (holotype: UC; iso­ juventute, cortice brunneola deinde, moderate stel­ types: F, GH, NY). lato-pubescentes, pilis plerumque 3-4-brachiatis, brachiis 0.5-1 mm longis, interdum plus minusve Distribution: desert regions afsouthern Puebla find northern pungentibus, seriebus decurrentibus pilorum cur­ Oaxaca, Mexico, around 2,O()O rn elevation (lig. 14). vatorum plerumque bene evolutis. Lamina fo­ Iiorum ovato-triangularia, usque ad 7 cm longa, 5.5 Shrub 1-1.5 m tall. Stems woody, up to 5 mm in cm lata, ad basem truncata, crenato-serrata, acuta, cliam. or more, densely canescent (the indumentum pal rna tim 5-nervata, nervis pallidis, nectario infra whitish or ferrugineous, composed of' interlaced prope basem costam, utrinque sparse stellato-pu­ stellate hairs). Leaf lamina truncate or cordate, bescentes, pilis infra plerumque 3-4-brachiatis, su­ ovate, rounded-acute, crenate or dentate, discol­ pra 1-4-brachiatis, brachiis ca. 0.5 mm longis. Pe­ orous, softly stellate-tomentose, very densely so be­ tioli 0.5-0.8 cm longi, sparse stellato-pubescentes neath, 20-50 mm long, 15-35 mm wide. Petioles atque pilis recurvatis in superficiebus adaxialibus. densely canescent, 5-15(-20) mm long, !4-1/2 the Stipulae 1.5--3.5 mm longae, erectae, persistentes, length of the lamina. Stipules 1-3 mm long, fili­

42 FIGURE 23. - Hibiscus escobariac. Flower and leaf, Escobar 1298. Scale: 1 em.

43 FIGURE 24. - Hibiscus longifilus. Flower, Delgado & Garcia 570. Leaf, Stevens et at. 2518. The pubescence of the calyx and involucel is only partially indicated. Scale: 1 em.

44 form, caducous. Peduncles solitary in the axils, 2­ what longer than the lamina, evenly stellate-pubes­ 3.5 cm long, canescent, obscurely articulated at or cent. Stipules 4-7 mm long, pubescent, linear-Ian­ above the middle. Involucellar bracts 6-7, free, in­ ceolate, sometimes bifid, spreading, caducous. serted at the base of the calyx, sessile, broadly lan­ Pedicels solitary in the axils of the leaves, 4-11 cm ceolate or subspatulate, acute, 7-13 mm long, (2-) long, exceeding subtending petiole, evenly stellate­ 4-6 mm broad, tomentose. Calyx 15-22 mm long, pubescent, articulated 0.5-1 cm below flower. ca. 4/5-divided, the lobes 5-10 mm wide at the base, Bracts of involucel ca. 9, distinct, spatulate, acute, tomentose. Petals bright-red drying red-purple, 3-4 15-20 mm long (shorter than the calyx), 3-6 mm cm long, 2-3 cm broad, glabrous. Staminal column wide (broadest at the middle), 3-5-nerved, stellate ca. 15 mm long, I-mm diam., glabrous, pallid, the pubescent, discolorous. Calyx stellate-pubescent, free filaments originating nearly throughout length 22-30 mm long, campanulate, more than Y2-divided, of the column, slender, 10-18 mm long, the androe­ 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate, gradually acuminate, 3(­ cium almost equaling the petals. Style reddish, sin­ 5)-nerved, 9-10 mm broad (at sinus). Petals bright­ gle as it emerges from the staminal column, 5­ red, 15-28 mm long, glabrous. Staminal column 8­ branched for the distal 10 mm, the branches slen­ 10 mm tall, pallid, glabrous, surmounted by 5 min­ der, sparsely hairy toward the apex, the hairs white, ute teeth; filaments 2-5 mm long; anthers whitish, 0.5-1 mm long. Stigmas reddish, capitate, 0.3-1-mm pollen yellow, spherical, echinate. Styles 5, slender, diam., slightly exceeding the petals. Capsules 8-14 glabrous, exserted from staminal column by 3-4 mm long, ovoid or oblong, apiculate, glabrous. mm; stigmas capitate, villous, I-mm diam., pur­ Seeds ca. 2.5 mm long, reniform, blackish, sericeous, plish. Capsule 15-20 mm long, sparingly hispid to the hairs sordid, 3-4 mm long. (Fig. 24.) essentially glabrous, straw-colored at maturity. Seeds reniform, blackish, 3.5 mm long, minutely Additional specimens examined: MEXICO; OAXACA: 1 mile S pubescent, the hairs whitish. (Fig. 25.) of Oaxaca-Puebla border, 6 miles SW of Acatepec, Moran 7714 (SO), Stevens et al. 2518 (MSC, pf); Mpio. Cuicatlan, Canon de Tomellin, Delgado & Garda 570 (CHAPA, pf). PUERLA: Cerro Gray cites two specimens of Charles Wright as deChicamole, Aug 1909, Purpus s.n. (UC): Cerro de Pax tie, near San Luis Tultitlanapa, Purpus 3258 (UC); Sierra de Chalchi, syntypes and then adds reference to several other Miranda 3507 (MEXU); 2 mi W of Petlalcingo, DUnn, Dzieka­specimens in the role of paratypes: "Also Zimapan, nowski& Pennell 23056 (UMO). Mexico, Coulter (No. 805). Near Monterey, Gregg (185, &c), Dr. Edwards & Major Eaton, Wislizenus 20. Hibiscus cardiophyllus A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. (370)." The Wright specimens, however, are the fo­ Knowl. 3 (art. 5, PI. Wright. Texano-Neo-Mex­ cus of attention for typification of this species. icanae, part I): 22. 1850 (non Baillon, 1885). Gray's citation of the Wright collections reads Lectotype: UNITED STATES: TEXAS: Turkey "Rocky hill-sides, Turkey Creek, W. Texas, June; Creek, West Texas, Wright 527 [63] (GH; isolec­ and on the Rio Grande, in Southern Texas." The totypes: GH, K, NY); syntype: on the Rio first of these collections was made by Wright in Grande, S. 'Iexas, Wright s.n. (GH). June 1849 (probably June 21-29) on Turkey Creek in western Uvalde County, Tex., near the present­ Hibiscus martianus Zuccaro Linnaea 24: 193. 1851. Type: in day Clive (McKelvey, 1955, p. 1065). Wright's col­ cult. Monac. ex Mexico, 1845, Zuccarini s.n. (BR). lection number was 527, but Gray renumbered this Distribution: Texas, U.S.A., and northeastern Mexico, south 63 when he distributed duplicates, and it is by the to Puebla from near sea level to 1,700 m elevation. latter number that isotypes may be identified in other herbaria. Shrub 0.5-1.5 m tall, the entire plant densely and The second Wright collection was made on Au­ evenly stellate-pubescent. Leaf lamina cordate, in­ gust 24, 1848 "on the hills near the Rio Grande" in conspicuously serrate to (rarely) subentire, ovate the vicinity of Eagle Pass in Maverick County, Tex. or weakly trilobulate, obtuse to acutish, markedly (McKelvey, 1955, p. 1057). Both collections are in discolorous, with interlacing stellate hairs above fruiting condition and mounted on the same sheet and beneath, palmately 7-9-nerved, 3-7 cm long, in the Gray Herbarium. The 1849 Turkey Creek about as wide as long, often with an inconspicuous collection is designated as lectotype because dupli­ nectary at the base of the midrib beneath. Petioles cates of it are more widely distributed to other her­ up to 9 cm long, somewhat shorter than to some­ baria.

45 I ------

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46 Additional specimens examined: 3569 (RM, SMU). MCMULLEN COUNTY: Tilden, Parks 1499 (SMU). SAN PATRICIO COUNTY: 7.5 miles S of Taft on bluff MEXICO: PUEBLA: 2 miles W of Tehuacan, Pringle 6751 overlooking Nueces Bay, Jones 3.57 (SMU). ZAPATA COUNTY; 4 (BM, BR, K, MICH, MO, ND, RM, UC); Sierra de Chalchi, miles NW of Zapata, Reed 372 (SMU); 15 miles N of San Ygna­ Miranda 350B (MEXU); Cerro de Pax tie, near San Luis Tul­ cio, Cory .15889 (SMU). LIVE OAK COUNTY: Clegg, Parks 1517 titlanapa, Purpus 3258 (BM, MO, UC, US); EI Riego, Purpus (MO). UVALDE COUNTY: Montell, Palmer 12997 (CAS, K, MO). 1266 (UC). HIDALGO: Zimapan, Coulter 805 (para type: K). SAN LUIS POTOSI: eastern SLP, Kenoyer 2398 (CAS); 6 km S of Nunez, Handlos262 (MO); Minas de San Rafael, Purpus 4902a 2l. Hibiscus denudatus Bentham, Bot. Voy. Sul­ {BM, MO} 4902 (UC); 35 km SSE de Rioverde, Rzedowski 771 I phur 7. t. 3.1844. Type: MEXICO: BAJA CALI­ (ENCB); 8 km al W de San Lorenzo, Rzedowski 6452 (ENCB, FORNIA: Magdalena Isld., Barclay [3085] (lec­ MICH); Santa Ana Pozas, Mpio. de Guadalcazar, Rzedowski IOB03 (ENCB); 19 km al SSE de Rioverde, Rzedowski 24846 totype: K; isotype: BM); syntype: Hinds s.n. (ENCB); 2 km al NNE de Cardenas, Rzedowski 24618 (DS, (K). ENCB, MICHl; 2.5 miles NW of Santo Domingo, Moran 13.188 (SD). TAMAULIPAS: without locality, Berlandier 3110 (K); San Hibiscus inuoillcellatus (A. Gray) Wooton & Standley, Miguel, Sierra de San Carlos, Bartlett 10551 (MICH) 10674 Contr. U.S. Nat!. Herb. 19: 417. 1915. Based on: Hibiscus (MICH); 4.7 miles N of Jaumave, Harriman II5.'J9 (OSH, pf); denudatus var. involucellatus A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. 11 miles NE ofJaumave, Crutchfield & Johnston 5614 (MICHl; Know!. 3 (art. 5, PI. Wright. Texllno-Neo.Mexicanae, 34 milesS of Cd. Victoria, Dunn, elaI.23106(UMO); 1 mileS of part 1): 22. 1850. Type: UNITED STATES: TEXAS: near turnoff to Llera, Gaumer & Clark 9 (pf); ca. 30 miles S of Cd. EI Paso. Wri'ghl s.n. (holotype: GH; isotype: K). Victoria, Higgins 2616 (ENCB, MICHl. Fearing & Thompson 166 (SMU); 15 km S of Cd. Victoria, Fryxell 1014 (OS, GH, Distribution: Baja California, Mexico; California, Arizona, MEXU, MICH, NY, UC, pf); between Cd. Victoria and Cd. New Mexico, and Trans-Pecos Texas, U.S.A.; and Coahuila, Mante, Moore & Wood 3632 (A); 69 km N of Cd. Victoria, Mexico, south to Durango, from near sea level to 1,300 m eleva­ Fryxell & Bates 823 (BH, CTES, MEXU, NA, TAES, pf); 146 tion. km N of Cd. Victoria, Fryxell& Bates 816 (BH, pf); 7 miles NW of Padilla, Daniel& Meschbat 342 (SMU); Punta Algod6n, ca. Subshrub 0.5-1 m tall. Stems densely stellate­ 50 miles SE of San Fernando, Fryxell 1225 (pI); 50 miles SE of pubescent, the hairs 6-10-armed, yellowish. Leaf Nuevo Laredo, Garda & Garcia 31 (SMU). NUEVO LEON: Canon de Meleros, Santa Catarina, Marroquin s.n. (ECNB); lamina ovate, oblong, or orbicular, basally trun­ Huasteca Canyon, 7 miles S of Santa Catarina, Moran 7826 cate, crenate-dentate to subentire, usually obtuse (SD, UC), Ward 5712 (MICH), Kruckeberg 4860 (OS, RM, UC); (sometimes acute), palmately 3-7-nerved, densely S base of Sierra del Fraile (25.51°N, lOO.32°W), Reeves 6074 stellate-pubescent above and below, slightly dis­ (ASU, pf); 10 miles W of Monterrey, Schery 19 (MICH, MO); colorous, usually longer than broad, up to 3 cm near Monterrey, Pringle 1943 (BM, BR, K, UC); 8 mi W of Monterrey, Hitchcock & Stan{ord6833 (OS, RM, UC); 72 km N long, 3 cm broad. Petioles 5-10 mm long, with of Monterrey, Fryxell 1323 (CAS, pI); 9 km W of Sabinas Hi­ pubescense like that of stem. Stipules inconspic­ dalgo, Fryxell& Kirkpatrick 2432 (CHAPA, MSC, pI); 20 miles uous, pubescent, 2-3 mm long, subulate, caducous. E of Sabinas Hidalgo, Garda 6 (SMU); 7.4 miles SE of Linares, Peduncles 0.5-l.5(-4.5) cm long, with pubescence Gaumer & Glark 24 (pl). COAHUILA: W of Monterrey, Gregg 18.5 like stem. Involucellar bracts subulate to filiform, (para ty pes: GH, K); Saltillo, Palmer :JOB (MO); Sierra de Pa­ 0.5-4 mm long (sometimes wholly suppressed), pu­ rras, Purpus 1043 (MO, UC), Purpus 464.1 (BM, MO), PllrpUS 4943 (UC); Mt. Caracol, 21 miles SE of Monclova, Palmer 107 bescent, persistent. Calyx 11-15 mm long, deeply (K, MO); 63 miles S of Monclova, Soderstrom .168 (MICHl; divided, densely stellate-pubescent; lobes 3-nerved, between San Buenaventura and Cuatrocienegas, Fryxell el al. lanceolate-acuminate. Petals 20-27 mm long, 15-20 1492 (BH, MEXU, pI); Miizquiz, Santa Anna Canyon, Marsh mm broad, lavender (sometimes white) usually 419 (SMU); Puerto San Lazaro, Sierra San Lazaro, Mllller,'J061 with dark spot near base, almost glabrous (some­ (MICH, UC). CHIHUAHUA: Sierra del Diablo, 8 km NW of Canon del Rayo, Stewart 98.'J (BM, UC). times ciliate on claw). Staminal column glabrous, UNITED STATES: TEXAS: STARR COUNTY; Rio Grande 8-9 mm high, sometimes purplish near base, stami­ City, Tharp 6040 (US), Hunt 26 (OS); 9 mi E of Rio Grande niferous throughout; filaments 2-3 mm long; an­ City, LundeU& Lundell 9987 (OS); Falcon State Park, Fleet­ thers numerous, laVender (?); pollen orange or yel­ wood 11568 (SMU); 30 miles NE of Roma, Lonard 2043 (SMU, low, spheroidal, echinate. Styles exceeding UC). CAMERON COUNTY: Rio Hondo, Chandler 7048 (MO, UC, US); 5 miles above Laguna Atascosa, Traverse 1115 (SMU). staminal column by 5-6 mm, 5-parted for distal 3 HIDALGO COUNTY: 12 mi W of Mission, Clover .18 (OS, CAS). mm, glabrous or with sparse delicate white hairs; WEBB COUNTY; vic. Laredo, Rose /8048 (US), Rose el al. 8234 stigmas capitate, maroon (or often whitish in Baja (US), Ramirez 32 (SMU); 15 miles N of Laredo, Cabrera 67 California), hairy, Capsules 7-8 mm long, globose, (SMU). VAL VERDE COUNTY: vic. Del Rio, Rose & Pilch 17976 (US), Hanson s.n. (MO), Tharp.1585 (US); near mouth of Pecos when immature or just ripened greenish with5 lon­ River, Oct 1883, Howard s.n. (US), Hinckley & Hinckley 464 gitudinal dark-green stripes, becoming uniformly (US). KINNEY COUNTY: Anacacho Springs, Parks 14041 (SMU). st.raw-colored in age, basally glabrous, apically D1MMIT COUNTY; 8 miles NW of Carrizo Springs, J ohnslonet ai. somewhat pubescent with mostly simple hairs

47 FIGURE 26. - Hibiscus delludatus. Flower, Fryxell et al. 1508. Leaf, WiggiTlS & WiggiTlS 15760. Scale: 1 em.

(sometimes glabrous throughout). Seeds reniform, been noted previously is that the corolla color of H. 2.5 mm long, blackish, sericeous, the hairs whitish, denudatus, though usually lavender, is often white, 3-4 mm long. (Fig. 26.) especially in Baja California. In either case, the corolla has a dark red center. Raven (1964) provides Gray described var. inuolucellatus on the basis of background information relevant to the choice of the relative development or suppression of the in­ lectotype given above for Bentham's name. volucel, but found no other distinguishing feature. Kearney & Peebles (1942) considered the two taxa, which Wooton & Standley distinguished in specific Additional specimens examined: rank, to have different growth habits and ecological niches. In my judgment only one taxon is repre­ UNITED STATES: CALIFORNIA: SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY: Whipple Mtns., Wolf 3140 (OS, UC, US); Mesquite sented here, which is somewhat variable but whose Canyon, Parish & Parish 13967 (MOl; Palm Springs, Gabriel variability is essentially continuous. An additional 225 (US); Barel, May 1919, Westover S.II. (US). RLVERSIDE feature of the variability that does not seem to have COUNTY: 8.2 miles W of Shaver's Summit, WiggiTlS 9691 (OS,

48 UC); Chuckawalla Springs, Hall 5902 (DS, UC); 10 miles W of Santa Eulalia, White 2427 (MICH); 17 miles NW of Escalon, Coachella, Hall57B2 (DS, UC). IMPERIAL COUNTY: 4.8 miles N Flyr 51.1 (SMU); 31 miles W of jet. Rt. 45 and road to Casas of Ogilby, Bacigalupi & Hutchison 6121 (TAES); 9.3 miles E of Grandes, Stuessy 1101 (SMU). COAHUILA: 106 km W of Saltillo, Glamis, Hitchcock & Muhlick 22239 (UC). SAN DIEGO COUNTY: Fryxell& Bates 2061 (BH, CTES, ENCB, MEXU, MICH, pO; Borrego State Park, Nelson & Nelson 3375 (SMU); 15 miles E 7 miles S of Cuatrocienegas, Fryxell, Bates, & Blanchard 1497 of Banner, Gould 2274 (TAES, UC); Signal Mtn., 17 Feb 1933, (BH, pf); Monclova, Palmer 84 (K), Marsh 1820 (SMU, TEX); Epling & Robison s.n. (US), Abrams 3178 (DS, MO, UC), Wolf 15 mill'S S of Sabinas, Waterfall 16654 (SMU, UC) 16658 (SMU, 2175 (DS). ARIZONA: PIMA COUNTY: Vail, Thornber 108 (DS, UC); Perros Bravos, Gregg 481 (MO). DURANGO: 36 km N of MO, TAES, UC, US); near 'l\!cson, Nealley 284 (TEX, US), Padricena,Fryxell, Bates, & Blanchard 1508 (BH, pO; Mapimi, Pringle 15113 (MO, US); Quitovaquito, Mearns 2757 (DS, US); Palmer 523 (US); 2 miles W of Bermejillo, Shreue 8776 (MICH). 3 miles W of Colossal Caves, Lehto 2275 (BM). COCHISE COUNTY: SONORA: Isla Tiburon, Johnston 4261 (CAS), Wiggins 17169 Huachuca, Wilcox 535 (US). MARICOPA COUNTY: Phoenix Mtns., (DS), Dec 1965, Alcocer & Sosa s.n. (DS, MSC), Moran 8754 Fryxelll53 (pO; 2 miles S of Scottsdale, Rus.gelll0907 (SMU); (SD); E of Torreon, Schery 44 (MOl; Fronteras, Hartman 977 Tempe, Papago Park, Gillespie 5443 (DS), Abrams 1.1072 (DS). (MO, UC); near Puerto Penasco, Rauen 14813 (DS, UC), Ham· YUMA COUNTY: Gila Mtns., Harrison & Kearney 6252 (US), merly I (CAS, DS), Keck 4213 (DS); Kino Point, MacDougal & Peebles et al. 4965 (US); Kofa Mtns" Lehto & Reeves 20131 Shreve 31 (US) 46 (US); Guaymas, Dawson 1006 (MICHl. Pal· (ASU, p£); Mohawk, Kearney 3928 (US); Castle Dome Mtns., mer 52.1 (MICHl; Rio de Bavispe, Canon de las Estacas, White Dickson 38 (UC). NEW MEXICO: GRANT COUNTY: Mearns 76 306.9 (MICH); Colonia Morelos, White 4574 (MICH). BAJA CAL­ (US). DONA ANA COUNTY: Tortugas Mtns., 1 Sep 1908, Wooton IFORNIA: Isla Sta. Magdalena, Cabo San Lazaro, Dnuidson & Standley S.n. (US); W of Organ Mtns., 12 Aug 1895, Wooton 2008b (SD); ca. 22 miles S of San Felipe, Wiggins 20846 (SO, s.n. (US). SIERRA COUNTY: Lake Valley, Sep 1914, Beals s.n. TEXl; Arroyo San Francisquito, 4.5 miles NW of Las Arrastras, (U.S.). TEXAS: BREWSTER COUNTY: near Castolon, Fryxell Moran 17250 (SD); Cantillas Canyon, Orcutt 461 (MOl; 12.1 1246 (pf); near Chisos Mtns., Sperry 339 (TAES, US); 53 miles miles N of Junta Prieta, Hastings & Turner 67-63 (SD); Isla SE of Marathon, 22 Aug 1959, Wallmo s.n. (TAES); 56.5 miles S Coronado (26°7.3'N, 111°17'W), Wiggins 1745:3 (DS); Catalina of Alpine, Bates & Blanchard 2910 (US); Juniper Canyon, 16 Isld., Moran 9854 (SO) 9374 (SD, UC), Wiggins 17635 (DS); miles NE of Castolon, Cutler 218.14 (TAES); between San Vi· Espiritu Santo Isid., MeGlintocr. s.n. (CAS); Oanzante Isld., cente and Glenn Springs, Sperry 1561 (TAES); 14.5 miles SE of Moran 9222 (SO); Carmen Isld., Palmer 15 (US); San ~iego Terlingua, Parks & Cory .10271 (TAES); hills N of Garden Isld., Moran 9597 (LL, SDl; Tortuga Isld., Wiggins 17.168 (DS), Springs, Wallmo 5.18:3 (TAES); Ward Spring, W side of Chisos Moran 9019 (SD); Pichilinque Isld., Rose 16512 (US); &an Es­ Mtns., Warnock 131 I I (LL, TAES); between Burro and Wasp teban Isld., Moran 8821 (MICH, SD); Santa Rosalia, White· Springs, W side of Chisos Mtns., Warnock & Wallmo 1.12.13 head 717 (US); southernmost of Tres Virgenes volcanoes, 25 (TAES); 14 miles W of Big Bend Park headquarters, Hess 817 miles W ofSanta Rosalia on W side of pass, Chambers 770 (OS, (OKLA, SMU); Heath Canyon, Warnock & Hinckley 235 SO, UC); 4.8 miles W of Santa Rosalia, Wiggins 7944 (US); 8 (SMU); Santa Elena Canyon ledges, Rose·Innes & Warnock miles S of Santa Rosalia, Wiggins 11899 (CAS, DS, UC, US); 21599 (SMU). PECOS COUNTY: Tharp 43-697 (MO, UC). CULBER­ near San Francisquito Bay, Harbi.90n 41888 (SD), Rose 16758 SON COUNTY; Beach Mtns., Waterfall 5066 (MO). HUDSPETH (US); Valle de Agua Camarga, 15 miles W of Los Angeles Bay, COUNTY: 9 miles W of Sierra Blanca, Reed 238 (SMU); Quitman Harbi.~on 41760 (SO); mouth of Guadalupe Canyon, E side of Mtns., Waterfall 4866 (MO). PRESIDIO COUNTY: Wend of Pinto Sierra Juarez, Moran 6016 (OS, SD); Arroyo Venecas, Moran Canyon, Hinckley 3048 (TAES); W of Capote Fall, Brita Ranch, 10267 (SO); Los Angeles Bay, Moran 10371 (OS, 8Dl, Palmer Hinckley 1709 (SMU); near Porvenir, S end of Van Hom Mtns., 523 (SM, K, NO, UC, US), Cowan 2829 (CAS, US); Concepcion Waterfall 4745 (CAS, MO, SMU); Capote Canyon, 8 miles NE Bay, Rose 16715 (US); 8.9 miles N of Puertocilos, Hastings & of Candelaria, Ohlendorf 321 (TAES), Ohlendorf 713 (TAES); Turner 63-1.10 (OS, SD); Mulege, Rose 16650 (US), Wiggins & 15 miles SW of Chispa, Waterfall 5.115 (MO); Presidio, Parks & Wiggins 18220 (CAS, DS); Magdalena Bay, Mason 1884 (CAS, Cory 32824 (TAES). CRANE COUNTY: 8 miles S of Crane, Tharp K, US); Magdalena Isld., Man-of-WarCove,Moran 10822 (SD); 47500 (MO, TAES, TEX); 6 miles S of Crane, 11 July 1941, Magdalena Isld., 25 Feb 1889, Brandegees.n. (UC); 20.9 miles E Tharp s.n. (SMU). PECOS COUNTY: 21 miles E of Ft. Stockton, of San Lina (suburb of San Ignacio), Hastings & Turner 63-298 Cory 40278 (TAES). EL PASO COUNTY: Franklin Mtns., Ferris & (DS, SO); Sierra de las Pintas, Gentry 8754 (SO); top of Las Duncan 2400 (CAS, MO); near EI Paso, Stearns 71 (US), Jones Tres Virgenes grade (27°23'N, 112°24'W), \0 Oct 1967, Howe s.n. 4339 (BM, BR, CAS, DS, K, UC, US), Rose 4985 (US); Mc· (SD); Arroyo Miramar (30 0 3'N, 114°31'W), Moran 18278 (SO); Kelligan Canyon, Franklin Mtns., Shinners 9007 (SMU). NE ridge of Cerro Azufre (27°31'N, 112°33'W), Mon.n 20519 MEXICO: CHIHUAHUA: 46.6 milesS ofJuarez, McGill, Brown (SD); Todos Santos, Jones 24100 (CAS, DS, MICH, MO, SO, & Pinkaua 9210 (ASU, pO; 16.8 miles N of Aldama, Lehto & US), 24205 (UC); Las Flores, Los Angeles Bay, Harbison 41715 Broome 22842 (ASU); 28 miles NE of Aldama, Smith, Butter· (S'.)}; 23 km N of La Paz, Fry:ceIl2009 (ENCB, MSC, UNLV, wick, & Whalen 349 (LL); 1 mile SE of Chihuahua on road to pf); 5 miles S of La Ventana on hwy. to San Felipe, Wiggins & Meoqui, Ownbey & Ownbey 1843 (BM, MICH, US); Meoqui, Wiggins 15760 (BM, MICH, RM, SMU, TEX, US); 4-5 miles LeSueur s.n. (CAS, K, MO, UC, US); 37 miles N of Cd. Jimenez, SW of EI Arco (26°8'N, U2°7'Wj, Moran & Reueal20080 (US); White 2187 (MICH, US); 31 miles SE of Jimenez, Muller 3336 40 miles NE of Pozo Aleman, Wiggins 7808 (DS, LL, US); Santa (MICH, UC)', Colonia Diaz, NeL90n 6443 (US); Sta. Eulalia Gertrudis Mission, Whitehead 622 (US); San Gregorio, 7 Feb Plains, 18 Aug 1885, Wilkinson s.n. (US); EI pOZQ, Sierra de 1889, Brandegee s.n. (UC).

49 LITERATURE CITED

Bates, D. M. Kearney, T. H. 1976. Chromosome numbers in the Malvales. III. Miscella­ 1955. A tentative key to the North American species of Hi­ neous counts from the Byttneriaceae and Malvaceae. biscus L. Leafl. W. Bot. 7: 274-284. Gentes Herbarum 11: 143-150. 1957. A tentative key to the South American species of Hi­ Blanchard, O. J., Jr. biscus L. Leafl. W. Bot. 8: 161-168. 1976. A revision of species segregated from Hibiscus sect. Kearney, T. H., and Peebles, R. H. TrioIWm (Merlicus) DeCandolle sensu lata (Malva­ 1942. Flowering plants and ferns of Arizona. U.S. Dept. ceae). 356 pp. Ph. D. Dissertation, Cornell University. Agric. Misc. Publ. No. 423, 1069 pp. Blanchard, O. J., Jr., and McVaugh, R. McKelvey, S. D. 1978. Kosteletzkya tubiflora (Malvaceae): a new name 1955. Botanical exploration of the trans-Mississippi West based on a Sesse & Mocino painting. Contr. Univ. 1790-1850. xl + 1144 pp. Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Mich. Herb. 11: 277-280. Plain, Mass. Borssum Waalkes, J. van. Paray, L. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14: 1-213. 1953. Hibiscus spyralis Cav. Bol. Soc. Bot. Mex. 15: 17-18. Candolie, A. P. de. Payne, W. W. 1824. Malvaceae. Prodr. Syst. Nat. Regni Veg. 1: 429-474. 1978. A glossary of plant hair terminology. Brittonia 30: Correll, D. S., and Johnston, M. C. 239-255. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. xiii + 1881 Rakshit, S. C., and Kundu, B. C. pp. Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Tex. 1970. Revision of the Indian species of Hibiscus. Bull. Bot. Exell,A. W. Surv. India 12: 151-175. 1%1. Hibiscus. In A. W. Exell and H. Wild, Flora Zambes­ Raven, P. H. iaca 1(2): 434-472. 1964. George Barclay and the "California" portion of the Fulton, M. G. (ed.). "Botany of the Sulphur." Aliso 5: 469-477. 1944. Diary and letters of Josiah Gregg, excursions in Mex­ Rodrigo, A. del P. ico and California 1847-1850. xvii + 396 pp. Univer­ 1948. Los "Hibiscus" de la flora Argentina. Rev. Mus. La sity of Oklahoma Press, Norman. Plata Ser. ii, 7: 111-152. Garcia, Jose. Roe,M.J. [n.d.] Maps of the Chipuahuan Desert region. 49 pp. Cd. 1961. A taxonomic study of the indigenous Hawaiian species Chihuahua, Mexico. (Privately published; intended of the genus Hibiscus (Malvaceae). Pacific Sci. 15: 3­ to accompany Henrickson & Straw, 1976, which see.) 32. Goodwin, G. G. 1969. Mammals from the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, in the Schery, R. W. American Museum of Natural History. Bull. Amer. 1942. Monograph of Malvaviscus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. Mus. Natl. Hist. 141: 1-269. (Includes a gazetteer on 29: 183-245. pp. 256-265, based principally on collecting activities Skovsted, A. of Thomas MacDougall.) 1941. Chromosome numbers in the Malvaceae. II. Compt. Rend. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg Ser. Physiol. 23: 195-242. GUrke, M. 1892. Hibiscus. In K. F. P. von Martius, Flora Brasiliensis Sousa Sanchez, M. 12(3): 541-571. 1969. Las colecciones botanicas de C. A. Purpus en. Mexico, perfodo 1898-1925. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 51, ix 36 Hauman, L. + 1963. Hibiscus. In Flore du Congo du Rwanda et du Bur­ pp. nundi 10: 94-136. Standley, P. C. 1923. Hibiscus. In Trees and Shrubs of Mexico. Contr. U.S. Henrickson, J., and Straw, R. M. Natl. Herb. 23(3): 777-782. 1976. A gazetteer of the Chihuahuan Desert region. A sup­ plement to the "Chihuahuan Desert Flof'd." xxii + Willdenow, C. L. 273 pp. California State University, Los Angeles. (See 1800. Hibiscus. In Species Plantarum ..., ed. 4, vol. 3, pp. also Garda.) 806-833. Berlin. Hochreutiner, B. P. G. Wilson, F. D. 1900. Revision du genre Hibiscus. Annuaire Conserv. Jard. 1974. Hibiscu.9 sect. Furcaria (Malvaceae) in Australia. Bot. Geneve 4: 23-191. Austral. J. Bot. 22: 157-182.

50 INDEX TO COLLECTORS

Parenthetical numbers indicate species as numbered in the FRYXELL & KIRKPATRICK 2432 (20). FRYXELL et al. text. Boldface numbers indicate type collections. 1492 (20); 1496 (9); 1497, 1508 (21); 1594 (1). FUNCKE 14 (1). GABRIEL 225 (21). GALEOTTI 4058 i8). GALICIA 21 (12). ABBOTT 973,1028,1062,1728 (1). ABRAMS 3178, 13072 (21); GANDER 9734 (4). GARBER s.n., 935 (10). GARCIA 6 (20). 13207 (9). ADAMS 8737 (17). AGUILAR 273 (17). Bro. ALAIN GARCIA & GARCIA 31 (20). GARRETT 503 (9). GAUMER 2386 (1). ALCOCER & SOSA s.n. (21). ALSTON 6014 (1). 496, 1809, 1810, 1811, 15587, 23491, 24040 (10). GAUMER & ANDERSON & ANDERSON 5231 (9). ANDERSON et al. CLARK 9, 24 (20). GENTRY 1284, 7020, 7098 (1); 1183,1469 1041 (9). ANGEL 775 (1). ANSOVIN 694 (10). ARNOLDO (5); 1605, 1617,7102,14302,21995, (7); 8754 (21); 14467, 16576 1862 (1). (9). GENTRY & FOX 11840 (4). GHIESBREGHT 6t'3 (10). BACIGALUPI & HUTCHISON 6121 (21). BARCLAY 308li GILLESPIE 5443 (21). GILMAN 56 (7); 57 (9). GOLDMAN (21). BARTLETT 10551, 10674 (20); 10592, 10676 (6); 12291 583, 756 (10). GOLDSMITH 148 (7). GONZALES 2898, 2981, (17). BATES & BLANCHARD 2910 (21). BEALS s.n. (21). 3096 (8). GOOD DING 945 (9). GOULD 2274 (21); 10826 (1); BENNETT s.n. (10). BERLANDIER 127 (17); s.n., 874, 876 12078 (7). GOULD & HASKELL 3233 (9). GRAHAM & (12); 3110 (20); 3111 (10). BLODGETT s.n. (10). BOOTH JOHNSTON 4573 (10). GREENMAN 383 (10). GREEN­ 16151 (8). BRACE s.n. (1). BRANDEGEE ~ (1); s.n. (21); MAN & GREENMAN 54 (9). GREGG 185 (20); 449, 605 (9); s.n. (7); s.n., 63 (4). BREEDLOVE 1229 (9); 9637,10008, 20138, 481 (~1). GRIMES 462, 473 (9). 25156,37407,41469,42106 (10); 9949, 31217, 36722 (1). HALL 5782,5902 (21). HAMMERLY 1 (2U. HANDLOS 262 BREEDLOVE & RAVEN 19768 (10). BRITTON 1903 (1); (20). HANSON s.n. (20). HARBISON 3 (4); s.n., 26206 (9); 2898 (17); 2944 (10). BRITTON & COWELL 12669 (1). BRIT­ 41715, 41760, 41888 (21). HARMON & DWYER 3488 (1). TON et al. 239, 5964, 6220 (10); 4666, 5377 (1). BUSTA­ HARRIMAN 11539 (20). HARRIS 7224, 8167, 10379, 12693 MANTE & ROCHA s.n. (12). BYE 7070 (7). (10); 11873 (1). HARRISON 4757 (7). HARRISON & KEAR­ CABRERA 67 (20). CALDERON 820 (17). CARRUTHERS NEY6252 (21): 8028 (9). HARTMAN 977 (21); 978 (9). HAR­ s.n. (12). CARTER & KELLOGG 3261 (4). CAVANILLES TWEG 639 (1). HASTINGS & TURNER 63-130, 63-298, 67­ !!:!h (12). CHAMBERS 770 (21); 866 (4). CHANDLER 7048 63 (21); 64-117 (7); 69-118 (9). HAUGHT 3889, 6702 (i). HEL­ (20). CHANEK 32, 50 (17). CHAPMAN s.n. 3050 (10). LER s.n., 6066 (1). HENRICKSON 2399 (7). HESS 817 (21). CHOUSSY § (17). CHURCHILL s.n. (10). Bro. CLEMENTE HIGGINS 2616 (20). HILL 2784 (10). HINCKLEY 1709, 3048 5870 (1). CLOVER 38 (20). COLLINS 41 (10). COLLINS et (21); 2045, 4814 (9). HINCKLEY & HINCKLEY 464 (20). al. 209 (4). CONTRERAS 6140, 7510, 9654 (17). CORNELIO HINDS s.n. (21). HINTON 6211 (1); 7578 (3). HITCHCOCK 19 (1). CORRELL & JOHNSTON 19790 (6); 19993 (9). COR­ 21154 (1). HITCHCOCK & MUHLICK 22239 (21). HITCH­ RELL & ROLLINS 23671 (9). CORRELL et al. 4224' (10). COCK & STANFORD 6833 (20); 7246 (8). HOLDRIDGE CORY 34839 (9); 35889 (20); 40278 (21). COULTER 805 (20); 1168 (1). HOUSTOUN s.n. (10). HOWARD s.n. (20); 5432 (10). 809 (9). COWAN 2329 (21). CRUTCHFIELD & JOHNSTON HOWARD & HOWARD 8527, 9643 (1). HOWARD & PROC­ 5460B (6); 5509B, 6097b (10); 5614 (20); 5707A (1). CRUTCH­ TOR 13920 (10). HOWARD et al. 19 (10); 20523 (17). HOWE FIELD et al. 6086a (1). CRUZ CISNEROS S.n. (8). CUA­ s.n. (21). HOWELL 10501 (4). HUMBOLDT & BONPLAND TRECASAS 1067 (1). CUATRECASAS & CASTENADA 1125, 3609 (1). HUNT 26 (20). HUTCHISON 6795 (7). 24901, 25520 (1). CURTISS 166, 746 (10). CUTLER 21834 HUTCHISON & WRIGHT 3523, 5443, (1). (21). JACQUIN §.:!b. (1). JAENER 127 (17). JIMENEZ 1793 (1). DANIEL & MESCHBAT 342 (20). DAVIDSON 2008b (21). JOHNSTON 4261 (21). JOHNSTON et al. 3569 (20); 10241i DAWSON 1006 (21). DEAM s.n. (1); 6278 (10). DELGADO (6); 11525B (9). JONES s.n., 22859,-27157 (7); s.n. 103, 23052 & GARCIA 570 (19). DICKSON 38 (21); 1362 (l7). DIGUET (9); 357 (20); 4339, 24100, 24205 (21); ~2863 (1); 24142,24202, 556 (8). DRESSLER 2046 (1). DROUET & RICHARDS 3890 24702 (4). (7). DUGAND 4029 (1). DUKE 7470 (1). DUNN et al. 23056 KEARNEY 3928 (21); 10331, 10392 (7). KEARNEY & PEE­ (19); 23106 (20). DUSS 2324, 3209 (17). BLES 10966 (9); 14930 (7). KECK 4213 (21). KELLERMAN EASTWOOD 5935, 17764 (9); 17852 (7). EDWARDS 302 (6). 5594 (10). KENOYER 2398 (20). KILLIP 31417, 32096, 32414, EGGERS s.n., 731, 1791 (1). EKMAN 9159, 15986 (1). Bro. 41954 (10). KILLIP et a!. 40342 (10). KIMNACH & LYONS ELIAS 439, 927,1116 (1). ENGARD s.n. (9). EPLING & RO­ 671 (1). KIRKWOOD U4 (9). KNOBLOCH 440 (I); 522,1356 BISON s.n. (21). ESCOBAR 1251 (1); 1298 (18). EYERDAM (7). KOCH & FRYXELL 78403, 78405 (16); 78322,78363 (13); 137 (1). 78300, 78.148, 78355 (I). KOCH et al. 79464, 79466, 79539 (16), FEARING & THOMPSON 166 (20). FENDLER 102 (1). FER­ KRAPOVICKAS 15567 (1). KRUCKEBURG 4860 (20); 4861 RIS & DUNCAN 2400 (21); 2823 (9). FLEETWOOD 11568 (9). (20). FLOOK & SPEARS 40 (9). FLYR 513 (21). FRYXELL LASSER & VARESCHI 2769 (1). LEHTO 1827 (9); 1~27a (7); 153, 1246,2009 (21); 1014, 1225, 1323 (20); 694, 2609 (3); 1086 2275 (21). LEHTO & BROOME 22842 (21). LEHTO & (1); 1331 (9). FRYXELL & BATES 816, 823 (20); 954 (10); 836 REEVES 20131 (21). Bro. LEON 340, 13603, 18957 (10). Bro. 945, 955, 2190 (1); 2058, 2064 (9); 2061 (21); .2.W (5). LEON & Bro. CLEMENT 5442 (10). Bro. LEON & DAHL­

i51 GREN 22803 (10). LEONARD 2837, 2878, 2995, 3114, 3336, ROBERT S.n. (9). ROBERTSON 53 (10). ROIG & CRE­ 4157,7322 (1). LEONARD & LEONARD 11045, 11410, 12019, MATA 2082 (10). ROSE S.n. (10); 1255, 2504, 2906 (7); 4985, 12031, 15613 (1). LeSUEUR s.n. (21); 282, 1414 (6); 794 (7); 16512, 16650, 16715,16758 (21); 18048 (20). ROSE & FITCH 1063 (9). LINDEN 1597 (1). LLOYD 114 (9). LONARD 2043 17976 (20). ROSE & HAY 5859 (8). ROSE & ROSE 23496 (1). (20). LOPEZ 3024 (1). LUNDELL 1550 (10); 16625, 17241, ROSE et al. 4032 (1); 8234 (20); 8976, 10162 (8); 12717,13312 17308,18300 (17). LUNDELL & CONTRERAS 19921 (17). (7); 15179 (9). ROSE-INNES & WARNOCK 21599 (21). LUNDELL & LUNDELL 7421, 7671, 8043, 8075 (10); 9987 ROWELL 3725 (1); 11564 (9). von ROZYNSKI 355 (6). RU­ (20); 12189. (8). LYONNET 2255 (8). LYONNET & CHAVEZ GEL .29, 103, 104 (10). RUSSELL 10907 (21). RZEDOWSKI 3277 (1). 5576 (6); 6252, 9428, 9455, 10806, 25471, 28186 (8); 6452, 7711, McCLINTOCKs.n. (21). MacDOUGAL&SHREVE31, 46 (21). 10803,.24618,24846 (20); 10373 (10); 22141 (12); 26244 (7). MacDOUGALL !!.:!b 10 (13). McGILL 2307 (9). McGILL & de la SAGRA s.n. (1). SARGENT 149 (1). SCHERY 19 (20); 44 KEIL 7880, 8042, 8222 (9). McGILL et al. 9210 (21); 9704 (6). (21). SCHNOOBERG 7787 (8). SEIFRIZ 1139 (10). SELER MACQUERYS S.n. (1). McVAUGH 74.79 (9); 18316 (1); 229M, & SELER 4949 (10). SESSE & MOCINO s.n. (3). SHAFER 26042 (3); 23030 (14); 26472 (8). MAHLER 93 (9). MARRO­ 643, 2497, 2549 (10). SHINNERS 9007 (21). SHREVE 8736 QUIN S.n. (20). MARSH 272, 547 (9); 419 (20); 1043 (6); 1820 (9); 8776 (21). SEIBERT 1294 (10). SIMPSON & SCHUNKE (21). MARTIN 1303 (10). MASON 1884 (21). MASON & 500 (1). SINCLAIR s.n. (1). SINTENIS 613,2981,3531,3548 TURNER 68-28a (9). MAXON & KILL!P 1645 (17). (1). SMALL & MOSIER 5988 (10). SMALL & SMALL 4874 MEARNS 76, 2757 (21). MEARS & MEARS 3217 (6). (10). SMALL et al. 9135, 10149, 11594 (10). SMITH 467 (1). MEXIA 936 (1). MILLER 221, 268 (1). MIRANDA 3507 (19); SMITH& BUTTERWICK90(9).SMITH eta\. 349(21); 354 3508 (20); 5676 (10). MOLINA 13027, 14202 (1). MOLINA & (9); 3585 (1); 3772. 3781, 4006 (8). SMYTH 907, 1763 (10). MOLINA 30855 (17). MONSON 4 (9). MOORE & WOOD SODERSTROM 368 (20). SOUSA 2207 (17). SPERRY 115, 3632 (20). MORAN 6016, 8754, 8821, 9019, 9222, 9354, 9374, TI025, TllOO, 1559 (9); 339, 1561 (21). STANDLEY 9801, 9597, 10267, 10371, 10822, 17250, 18278,20519, (21); 6893, 7023 19939,21380 (1). STANDLEY & VALERIO 44889 (1). STAN· (4); 7826, 13388 (20); 7714 (19); 9047 (7); 21558 (9). MORAN FORD et al. 49 (9). STEARN 46.'3 (10). STEARNS 71 (21). & REVEAL 20080 (21); 20156 (7). MORITZ 531, 1037 (1). STEERE 1126, 1480, 1949, 3052 (10). STEHLE & STEHLE MORTON 10498, 10517 (1); 10513 (10). MUELLER 8091 (9). 5717 (1). STEVENS et al. 2518 (19). STEWART 983 (20). MUELLER & MUELLER 85 (6). MULLER 3015, 3194 (9); STRAW 2126 (9). STUESSY 1101 (21). 3001. (20); 3336 (21). THACKERY 1220 (9). THARP s.n., 43-697, 47500 (21); 3585, 6040 (20). THIEME 5152 (17). THOMAS 8296 (21); 8456 (4). NARVAEZ & SALAZAR 58 (5). NEALLEY 284 (21). NEILL THORNBER 108 (21); 2330 (9); THURBER 1089 (9). TOU­ 3053 (I), NELSON 1850 (8); 2430 (11); 2653 {I}; 4703 (9); 6443 MEY 74 (9). TOWNSEND 7 (7). TRAVERSE 1115 (20). (21); 6625 (10). NELSON & GOLDMAN 7267 (7). NELSON TRIANA S.n. (1). TROUBLEFIELD & ROWELL 2822-B & NELSON 1553,1746 (9); 3375 (21). NORLAND s.n. (4). (15). TUN ORTIZ 1373 (17). von TURCKHEIM 671 (1). OHLENDORF 321, 713 (21). OLIVER et al. 1109 (6). OPLER TURNER 5131 (9). 1765 (1). ORCUTT 461 (21); 1145 (6); 5296 (13). ORTEGA VALEUR 159 (1). VENTURA 3143 (12); 7984,8549, 12209 (10); 6505 (1). OTERO M-2 (1). OWNBEY & OWNBEY 1843 (21). 8375,10483 (1). VrSCHER S.n. (12). OXFORD 440 (9). WALLMO s.n., 5383 (21); 5336 (9). WARD 5712 (20). WAR­ PALMER 3, 192,668,779 (7); 15,84,523 (21); 83,128,329, 523a, NOCK 96, 10820, U871 (9); 13111 (21). WARNOCK & 573,728 (9); 170, 1480, 1608 (1); 107,308, 12997 (20); 348, 586 HINCKLEY 235 (21). WARNOCK & WALLMO 12302, 13206 (17); 457 (6); 776 (5); PARAY 242 (12). PARISH 25 (9). PAR­ (9); 13233 (21). WATERFALL 4754, 4866, 5066, 5315, 16654, ISH & PARISH 13967 (21). PARKER 7947 (9). PARKS 1499, 16658 (21); 4848, 5063, 15373 (9). WATERFALL & WALLIS 1517,14041 (20). PARKS & CORY s.n., 7016 (9); 30271, 32824 13234 (9). WEBSTER 271 (9); 4043 (1). WENDT et al. 8098 (21). PATONI 5 (8). PEALE s.n. (10). PEEBLES 8959 (7). (8). WESTOVER s.n. (21). WHITE 621, 2414, 2422, J318a, PEEBLES et al. 1250 (9); 2771,5245 (7); 4965 (21). PENNELL 4584 (9); 21,87, 2427, 3069, 4574 (21); 3091a, 3318, 3747 (7). 17284, 20264 (9). PHILLIPS 523 (7). PITTIER 5786, 6433, WHITEHEAD 622, 717 (21). WIGGINS 7808,7944,9691, 8195,9072,11911 (l). POEPPIG!!:!!: (10). POLLARD S.n. (1). 11399,17169,17368,17453,17635,20846 (21); 16122 (4). WIG­ PORTER 288, 424 (4). PRINGLE 400 (9); 1452 (12); 1943, GINS & ROLLINS 471 (7). WIGGINS & WIGGINS 15760, 6751 (20); 7505 (8); 13880 (6); 15113 (21). PROCTOR 24752 18220 (21). WILCOX 535 (21). WILKINSON S.n. (21). WIL­ (17). PUrG 5291 (8). PURPUS 39 (7); s.n.1262, 3258 (19); s.n. LIAMS 9,13 (10); 2373 (1). WOLF 2175, 3140 (21). WOLFF 1263, 2611, 2611a, 5617, 5843 (8); 1043, 1266, 3258, 4643, 4902, 1909 (9). WOLFF & DANA 1909 (9). WOOTON s.n. (21); S.n. 4902a, 4943 (20); 2236,4417,6131.6132,15229,16794 (10); 2236, (10). WOOTON & STANDLEY s.n. (21). WORTH & MOR­ illJ, 61:33, 6893, 8676, 9010 (1); 4547,4944 (9); 5384 (6); ~, RISON 8945 (1). WOYTKOWSKI 5663 (1). WRIGHT !WL 7546,9007 (2). (1); 527 [!m] (20);!WL (21); !!:B.., 901 (9); 1574 (1). WYND & RAMIREZ 32 (20). RAUH 25469 (4). RAVEN 14813 (21). MUELLER 21 (9). REED 238 (21 l; 372 (20). REEVES 6067 (9); 6074 (20). REKO XANTUS li (4). 6109(2). REVERCHON s.n. (9). RlCKSECKER 75, 404 (1). ZUCCARINI !!:!!: (20).

52 INDEX OF SPECIES

Achaniafloridana (Nuttall) H. denudatus Bentham, 2, 3, 5, 6, 47-49 H. phoeniceus Jacquin, 1,2,3,5,6-10 Rafinesque, 'n H. denudatus var. invollucellatus A. H. phoeniceus var. albiflorus Giirke, 6, 7 A. pilosa Swartz, 27 Gray, 47 H. pilosus (Swartz) Fawcett & Rendel, A. poeppigii Sprengel, 27 H. elegans Standley, 2,4,5,21-23,25, 27 Bombix phQenicea (Jacq.j Medikus, 6 26 H. poeppigii (Sprengel) Garcke, 2, 3, 4, Hibiscus acapu/censis Fryxell, 5. 6, 28, H. escobariae Fryxell, 5, 6, 42-43 5,27-30 35-38,40 H. ferrugineus. Cavanilles, 3 H. purpusii Brandegee, 2, 3, 5, 10-11 Modiio & Sesse ex H. acetosaefolius H. floridanus (Nuttall) Shuttleworth ex H. pusillus Thunberg, 3 DC., 26 A. Gray, 27 H. ribifolius A. Gray, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12-14 H. acicularis Standley, 2, 4, 5, 16-18 H. involucellatus (A. Gray) Wooton & H. rigidus Mociiio & Sesse, 7 H. bancroftinnus Macfadyen, 27 Standley, 47 H. spiralis Cavanilles, 1,2,4,5,28,32­ H. betulifolius H.B.K., 6 H. iochromus Brandegee, 7 33 H.jaliscensis Fryxell, 4, 5, 10-13 H. biseptus S. Watson, 2, 3,4,5, 16, 17, H. s;ylvaticus Bentham, 7 19-20 H. kochii Fryxell, 3, 5, 6, 28, 35, 38-40 H. truncatus A. Richard, 27 H. brachysiphonius F. Mueller, 3 H. lavateroides Moricand, 2, 3, 5, 6, 40­ H. tubiflorus DC., 27 H. brasiliensis Linnaeus, 3, 7 42 H. violaceus Brandegee, 7 H. bra,~iliensis var. sylvaticus (Benth.) H. longi/ilus FryxeJl, 2, 3, 5, 6, 28,42-45 Kosteletzkya bracteosa M. E. Jones, 7 Hochr.,7 H. longipes Standley, 16,40 K. paniculata Bentham, 27 H. cardiophyllus A. Gray. 2, 3, 5. 6, 45­ H. macleyanu.~ Bancroft ex Macfadyen, 47 27 K. tubiflora (DC.) Blanchard & McVaugh,27 H. cavanillesianus H.B.K., 6 H. marmoratus Lemaire, 40 M alvastrum coromandelianum H. citrinus Fryxell. 2, 4, 5,13, 14-16 H. martianus Zuccarini, 45 (Linnaeus) Garcke, 3 H~ colimensis Fryxell, 5, 6, 28, 35-36, 38, H. micranthus Linnaeus til., 3 40 Malval'iscus floridanus Nuttall, 27 H. mutabili.5 Linnaeus, 2 M. poeppigii (Sprengel) G. Don, 27 H. columbinus Mociiio & Sesse ex DC .. H. mutatus N. E. Brown, 3 6 Pavonia brasiliensis (Linnaeus) H. neglectu.~ Wright in Sauvalle. 7 Sprengel,7 H. coulteri Harvey ex A. Gray, 1.2, 3,4, H. neL~onii Rose & Standley ex 5,21,23-26 P. poepplgii (Sprengel) Steudel, 27 Standley, 4,5,28,30-32,40 H. coulteri var. brel'ipedunculat/L~ M. Sida ciliaris Linnaeus, 3 H. peripteroides Fryxell, 2, 3, 5, 6, 28, E. Jones, 23, 26 32-3.5, 38, 40

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