Susanne Kriemann

Spector Books

Library of radioactive afterlife

Ed. Cassandra Edlefsen Lasch Spector Books Table of contents

5 – 15 Looking down, looking up, turning Cassandra Edlefsen Lasch 8 – 9 Interlude Donna Haraway and Anna Tsing 34 – 66 Walking through Ge(ssenwiese) Bergit Arends 69 – 74 Haldenschafe, Birkenwäldchen, Abraum, Restpflanzen, Gessenwiese, Luftschacht Susanne Kriemann and Grit Ruhland 115 – 125 Exclusion zones Eva Wilson

177 – 180 The return of the inaccessible as monster Hartmut Rosa 182 Biographies + 183 Acknowledgements 185 – 191 Uraninight, a half life Cia Rinne 193 Imprint

2 3 Looking down, looking up, turning Cassandra Edlefsen Lasch

A point of reflection. Surface tensions trailing a fabric between fields. A horizon.

How far does the surface see/exist? Passed me, to trees, passing clouds. Does it notice (and now exist in) how the grass wilts under step, underfoot; does it penetrate soils and my soles?

We might relate sight and attention. Sight as simultaneous means for siting — locating in space — and citing — locating in connection. Noticing calibrates reflection by locating and grounding sight within a relational image, stepping in and steeping in it. “We might look around to notice this strange new world, and we might stretch our imaginations to grasp its contours.”1 A wholeness is only conceivable in the fragmentation of a line, in the surface’s interruption. Walking, we look down and find something on our path, at our fingertips; it’s not familiar to us, we look it up, at our fingertips, walking. Our soles turn to ochre.

My vantage gathers in a collection process, piecing, till a whole entsteht, exists. ent- from, away from, of; stehen to stand; entstehen to arise, to come into being

Because you exist. EXIST. Or EXIT. Because you exit.

1 Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing, The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015), 3.

5 A question arises of energy transfer. Surely in the formidable radiation at Noticing turns hand — energy in the form of nuclear radiation — but also in other tracings of the body, in impressions of approaching and reading a subject matter, energies are Anthropologist Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing’s work on “the art of noticing” ofers exchanged. Even in the looking. States of seeing — directional and directive — where a helpful backdrop for seeing with Kriemann. Within the 2015 publication The observing alone alters both seer and seen. Ge(ssenwiese) K(anigsberg): Library for Mushroom at the End of the World Tsing traces the path of a mushroom through radioactive afterlife binds two sites through acts of reflexive composition. Focusing routes of (oft underground) trade, to the roots of forests and families, proposing on Kanigsberg (an area where uranium mining once took place) and Gessenwiese a working methodology in mapping the near-invisible via an art of noticing. Here, (a former way-stop in the path of extraction), and their histories as well as their Kriemann similarly trails the invisibility of radioactivity stemming specifically from present-day states of contamination (both are current test sites in the process the mineral pitchblende as means to unearth unseen courses of cross-contamina- of environmental rehabilitation), the book as artwork juxtaposes the mountain tion across worldwide economies and ecologies. Entailing layered research in the and meadow, extraction and seepage, veins and roots. At its core, it interrelates midst of her visual arts practice, Kriemann’s work compiles interrelated sources sighting, siting, and citing — directed observation is inextricable from positioning in the construction of a readable image of a particular confluence or influence of in space and bound up in correlating contextual influences. One cannot simply agencies. While Tsing turns towards the draw of a prized and rare mushroom to look away. Susanne Kriemann focuses her attention, and her camera — and with tell the story of such impervious flows, the gravity of Kriemann’s subject itself it the noticing powers of her contributing authors and readers — on a far-reaching permeates into the world at large, micro- and macroscopically, ever extending topic by turning to source sites, (de)localized and yet familiarized over time. This beyond known means of containment. This too is a physical matter plucked from is a practice. A willed turning to versus a turning away. Turning into. one organic site of origin and carried into catalytic currents of socio-geographical nature, intermingling agencies of carrier and carried alike.2 According to the Observer Efect, the mere act of looking alters that which is viewed. If change is assumed in this directional facet according to physics — observ- Tsing profers polyphony as means of attuning attentiveness, listening for inter- ing mechanism interfering with the state of the matter in focus — might it be twining melodies as opposed to “one unified coordination of time” or progress.3 equally assumed that change is also directed in the reverse, at the observer? The She writes, “this kind of noticing is just what is needed to appreciate the multiple photographic endeavour has long implicated the viewer (and the photographer) temporal rhythms and trajectories of the assemblage.”4 Mining Tsing’s writing, in the state and nature of its subject, appreciating a photograph’s ever-afective and that of her colleague and fellow scholar Donna Haraway, an interlude follows, qualities. As if fine-tuning the degree of interference possible and in questioning which is formed from an assemblage of calls and responses echoing from the the capacities of a publication to create a multidimensional image, Kriemann aligns libraries of these two figures, each palpably trailing mycelium-like networks of a series of vantages that all view (and therefore, alter) her subject at varying footnoted linkage. The selected quotations are taken as radiating excerpts — their angles and often in afected relation. citation fields as bedrock — again new materials that speak of their surroundings in their very embeddedness. These voices turn each other. And we are asked to lean in to this turning. Reflecting the publication’s embodiment of chain reac- tions, Tsing’s approach sounds alongside Haraway’s, both of which emerge out of (cross-)contaminating encounters.5 To notice who is connected to who is connected to what and in what ways matters, makes matter.

2 As carriers, humans and animals alike, even words, are vessels in so far as they receive and relay. Their shapes contour and impress upon the contents of this carriage. The will to gather in and carry onwards is a deep-rooted cause, to which I would like to call special attention. Within another publication positioned on the cusp of worlds, science fiction novelist Ursula K. Le Guin quotes anthropologist Elizabeth Fisher on her Carrier Bag Theory of human evolution: “The first cultural device was probably a recipient. […] Many theorizers feel that the earliest cultural inventions must have been a container to hold gathered products and some kind of sling or net carrier.” Ursula K. Le Guin, “The Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction,” (1986) in Dancing at the Edge of the World (New York: Grove Press, 1989). See also Elizabeth Fisher, in Women’s Creation: Sexual Evolution and the Shaping of Society (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975). 3 Tsing, 23. 4 Tsing, 24. 5 Tsing specifically cites Haraway’s and Marilyn Strathern’s methods, respectively, of following the interplay between divergent threads and the interruption of common sense via surprise as fundamental elements of noticing. See cited quotations on the following spread of this publication. Haraway in turn cites the influence of Tsing on her work, etc. 6 7 i iii Nothing is connected to everything; How does a gathering become a ‘hap- everything is connected to something. pening,’ that is, greater than a sum of

*“The brand of holist ecological philosophy that emphasizes that ‘everything its parts? One answer is contamination. is connected to everything,’ will not help us here. Rather, everything is con- We are contaminated by our encounters; nected to something, which is connected to something else. While we may they change who we are as we make way all ultimately be connected to one another, the specificity and proximity of connections matters — who we are bound up with and in what ways. Life for others. As contamination changes and death happen inside these relationships. And so, we need to understand world-making projects, mutual worlds — how particular human communities, as well as those of other living beings, and new directions — may emerge. are entangled, and how these entanglements are implicated in the production of both extinctions and their accompanying patterns of amplified death.” *Multicellular life was made possible by multiple, mutual contaminations Thom Van Dooren, Flight Ways: Life at the Edge of Extinction (New of bacteria. Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan, What is life? (Berkeley: York: Columbia University Press, 2014), 60. University of California Press, 2000). ii iv It is in this dilemma that new tools for I want to stay with the trouble, noticing seem so important. Indeed, life and the only way I know to do that on earth seems at stake. is in generative joy, terror, and collective thinking. *As a method, one might think of this as combining insights from Donna Haraway and Marilyn Strathern. Strathern shows us how the startle of sur- prise interrupts common sense, allowing us to notice different world-making projects within the assemblage. Haraway follows threads to draw our attention to the interplay across divergent projects. By taking these methods together, I trace out assemblages informed by the disconcerting interruptions of one kind of project by others. It may be useful to point out that these scholars are the source points for anthropological thinking, respectively, with ontol- i Donna Haraway, Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene (Durham: Duke University Press, 2016), 173 ogy (Strathern) and world making (Haraway). See Marilyn Strathern, “The and note 2. ethnographic effect,” in Property, substance, and efect (London: Athlone ii Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing, The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015), 25 and note 10. Press, 1999), 1–28; Donna Haraway, Companion species manifesto iii Tsing continues, “Everyone carries a history of contamination; purity is not an option. One value of keeping precarity in mind is that it makes us remember that changing with circumstances is the stuf of survival.” Tsing, 27 and note 1. (Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press, 2003). iv Haraway, 173. 8 9 Trailing takes Looking down Ge(ssenwiese)

Images that trail. A series of historical aerial photographs are presented as a Taking text and image as sequestering, absorptive and resonating mediums, the prologue. Opened up beyond the contours of the page, their bleeds disregard the publication as a whole becomes a place of cumulative image-capture. Free radicals book as container. Together they document how a double-headed figure would buzzing in and around a meadow in full bloom are soaked into test strips; what is site its own horizons.6 In 1990, in the wake of the dissolution of the GDR, the wild and unwieldy is scaled through noted detection. Viewed from the right per- (Soviet-run) corporation SDAG Wismut turned to shift its scope as Wismut spective, it becomes clear that wilding crops up in the aftermath of anthropogenic GmbH (under the ordinances of a unified Germany).7 Changing from an SDAG interference. Riddance makes wakes. But to look down, at one’s own position uranium mining enterprise focused on active extraction to a GmbH rehabilitation in space, in relation, takes up an understanding of topography as typography, as operation tasked with retroactive restoration of the same landscape, is the change a way of looking and reading. The “lifeway” is sited on either side of the fence.10 in attention noticeable? The archival images reveal mounds of shifting volumes, Borderlands say so much about accumulative (bios as well as zoe) powers.11 In a the earth’s surface moulded by (also shifting) human intentions. Quite possibly 2018 essay Tsing writes of margins, and therein the gravitas of crossing paths: the same eyes that fixed on this surface area intent on seeing the invisible made visible, aimed at boring out a quarry, would later fix on making more invisible For most of human history, people noticed the landscape around them. the invisible, to fix a land in its burial. Our ancestors followed the tracks of plants, animals, and fungi — and each of these organisms followed the others, noticing each other, settling Questioning the extrapolation of the image, Kriemann proposes Ge(ssenweise) ourselves around the landscape as best we could. We ate each other, and K(anigsberg) be read through and beyond this prologue of Wismut’s self-reportage, we found companionship with each other. All that noticing mattered: unanchored by horizon lines. The artist’s reuse of such footage and its reorienta- we did not idly bring on mass death.12 tion, literally turning the takes, gestures to the capturing camera, freeing up the territory from a dictated schema of seeing, perplexing any intentional vantage.8 What we might call “trailings” — a hybrid term of process-residual tailings and I recall an artist recalling something said by Socrates, that while looking up we well-trodden pathways — emerge in the in-between junctures. In such spaces, think of the future, and looking down we think of the past.9 What do we think Kriemann finds photographs as the most necessary moment of noticing, capturing of when we attempt both (or more) at once? We begin to recognize and read the immediacy yet quintessentially edited (and read as such). The particular site, this interface. But why scratch at such dangerous surfaces? Why risk proximity? Gessenwiese, is itself a place of testing contact — stress-testing leaves, diagnosing Precisely because of this locality — Kriemann’s own “discovery” of such an exam- soils’ saturations, evaluating compounds over time under varying conditions.13 ple of postcolonial discourse so near to home. Her artwork, images and text in Whereas photographs are often used to validate facts, illustrating values, how combination, signal the deep-looking that she pursues, the suspicion that arises in might citation make real the images? An interchange of these relational proper- the process of scanning rock, tree, meadow, mould with an aim to see in wholly ties is at play. Sampled leaf becomes average leaf, one observed value subsumed diferent scales. While not a secret, the nature of it (radiation and postcolonial- into a calculated knowledge; figures act as extractable facts, integers illustrated ism alike) easily escapes ill-equipped radars. What to do with the traces in one’s by their perceived metrics. Displacement of photograph becomes text; text backyard? Invisible to the human eye devoid of rendering devices, Kriemann becomes image. thus turns to means of sequestration to bring these topics into tangible scope.

6 Imagine for instance, the ancient Roman god Janus, figured with two heads, one looking to the future, one to the past and representing beginnings, duality, endings, passages, time, thresholds, transitions, etc. 7 The images selected for reproduction within this publication stem from 1999/2000 and 2009/2010. Aerial photo- 10 graphs from before 1989 are kept in the Federal Archives. Post 1990, the individual federal states and their high-res- Tsing writes of “lifeways” within the context of living paths: “Patterns of unintentional coordination develop in olution systems have been in charge of regularly taking aerial landscape photographs. These high-resolution images assemblages. To notice such patterns means watching the interplay of temporal rhythms and scales in the divergent document the change from a uranium mining region to a post-uranium mining region. All along SDAG Wismut turned lifeways that gather. […] Assemblages cannot hide from capital and the state; they are sites for watching how political GmbH produced internal documentation of each site under its authority. economy works.” Tsing, 23. 11 8 Taken as a perceived perspective, “intentional” should be understood in terms of metaphysics where it pertains to a Per Agamben’s terminology, respectively political and nonpolitical, bare, life. Giorgio Agamben, Homo Sacer: Sovereign phenomenal representation in the mind. In the capacity of referring to an existent or nonexistent image, such a thought Power and Bare Life, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998). might be seen as a sign or element of consciousness related to expectation. In this context, the subject—this territory— 12 Anna Tsing, “Phytophthora death march and other heedless slaughter: Why we should ban the industrial nursery especially viewed from “above” has no true orientation to fulfil “up” or “down” correctness. What might happen to this trade,” in Deliquescing, ed. Steve Bishop and Anna Gritz (Berlin: KW Institute for Contemporary Art and Sternberg image when it falls outside expected perspectival cues? For a succinct discussion of such phenomenology, see Annaka Press, 2018), 110–115. The essay was originally commissioned by the Bruges Triennial 2018: Liquid City, and first Harris, Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind (New York: Harper, 2019). appeared in the exhibition’s catalogue. 9 Eric Ellingsen, “LINES OF THOUGHT thought that when looking down we are remembering the past and when 13 Rewilding is taking place at Gessenwiese partly, but most of the field is dedicated to plant-based research regarding looking up we are thinking of the future E R U V,” in homecomings 1, 2, 3, etc., ed. Cassandra Edlefsen Lasch (Berlin: questions of how grass reacts when endomycorrhiza mushrooms help its growth, or when the grass roots are not in Archive Books, 2018), 332. touch with polluted ground water, or how trees grow under the premises of heavy metal pollution and erosion, etc. 10 11 Meandering (from point G to point K) Looking up K(anigsberg)

Picking up sheep shit, collecting matter, the artist follows the volatile other in an A picture of shared responsibility, or culpability, emerges. To turn again to Tsing, elaborated act of companionship. These are tracts known over time to Kriemann. She has been visiting since 2016 when she first teamed up with botanists and Contaminated diversity implicates survivors in histories of greed, vio- geologists from Friedrich Schiller University Jena, asking them to admit her into lence, and environmental destruction. […] Contaminated diversity is their fold, on their forays to gather material that would be taken back for study not only particular and historical, ever changing, but also relational. It in laboratories according to devised hypotheses on remediation. To look for has no self-contained units; its units are encounter-based collaborations.16 specific results within an experiment would be considered biased, yet the scope of what one observes must be pictured in advance in as much detail as possible To look up and read the histories around uranium mining in Germany is likewise a in order to design a set of criteria and conditions to encompass all foreseeable reading of myriad motivations and consequences; it cannot be encapsulated (sealed variable factors. Imagined contours are thus prescribed and drawn out. What can and stored), kept from radiating. Restoration invariably requires further acts of be noticed under these directives? How does this very observation transform collaboration. Bearing witness to these states radiates degrees of implication. the landscape in view? Within Kriemann’s 2014 publication RAY author Eva Schmidt wrote of the conun- drum faced in facing a world as individuum, the sheer limitations. Schmidt links Seeing alongside a botanist can add new layers of reality — walking through plants, Sartre’s indecision at the sight of a snow-covered meadow to geological forms noting the Latin names, green undergrowth alters into a species tied to a greater of (image) sequestration: “whole” by way of articulation. Likewise, scanning a landscape in stride with a geologist pointing out formations, one after the other, terms crystalize (or cloud) For all those who do not wish to view the earth as a depository of raw as lenses, as means of extraction, overlapping rock face with scientific citation. materials and for those who wish to go beyond Sartre’s I do not know Or with a Geiger counter in hand, or another detection device, a camera, control what I should do with it, geological stratification is a model for an archive, screens highlight spectra. A harvesting happens, an extrapolation of this “picture” a museum, a place of memory. We are connected with landscape and into a continuous real, a readable-image. Plants become carriers of trace metals, geology through archaic and psychoanalytic images of materiality as mutated interiors with common exteriors. Having learned their new elemental well as through the production of theory, the history of science, and makeup, Kriemann can never see these surfaces as before, they morph further the images of art, which model our perception of and contact with into their cyborg potentialities.14 Contemplating what it is like to be a leaf or a materiality.17 rock or a sheep in this setting,15 experience of existence is metaphysically (and physiologically) altered by the very things walked among or fed upon. Slag-heap To this I do not know what I should do, Kriemann answers in kind but in commune. sheep eat, and shit, and meat, radioactivity. We must take to noticing.

Photographing individual rocks, an inspection of minute surface areas becomes possible. Presented in an array, diferences and likenesses can be inferred, mapped out. Kriemann’s endeavour to locate and catalogue a body of transmitting (radiat- ing!) parts highlights the dislocation of museal collections from sites of extraction as well as the carriers that enact this flow. Within this publication her re-collection of pitchblende specimens condenses to resemble an imagined hill or landscape as the extracted minerals are reassembled through rigorous notation. The material here is rock and field note, provenance and shelf life, environment and knowl- edge. Again, what is text, what is image? An unstable accumulation develops page by page through the layers, the printed radiograms seemingly efecting the presentation of the archive itself. Revolving around the counterparts of plant and stone — Gessenwiese and Kanigsberg — shifts in gravities take place between the publication’s main fault lines. While the meadow landscape is harvested and scattered, diluting (and polluting) into the world as image, or leaf, the mountain or mine is pictured in attempts of forging a new solidity, or volume.

14 See also, Donna Haraway, “Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism in the 1980s,” 17 Socialist Review 80 (1985): 65–108. Eva Schmidt, “I do not know what I should do with it – Appropriation Versus Unavailability,” in Susanne Kriemann, RAY 15 (Amsterdam: ROMA publications, 2014). Quoting John-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological This is the hard problem of consciousness famously posed by philosopher Thomas Nagel. See Nagel, “What is it like Ontology, trans. Hazel E. Barnes (New York: Philosophical Library, 1956), 581–582. to be a bat?” The Philosophical Review 83, no. 4 (October 1974): 435–450. 18 16 And this orientation itself is suspect to relational vantage. What constitutes “up” versus “down” can be considered a Tsing, The Mushroom at the End of the World, 33-34. human cognitive enterprise. See again Harris, Conscious. 12 13 Interpretive signs Turning pages

Even after closing the publication, knowing vaguely that what I hold might be What becomes central is the plane, the intersection and exposure of surface perceptively radioactive, I turn to my surroundings anew and continue to read. areas — the photographic endeavour. How then to render surfaces as sites of Two simple forms come to mind, or rather one, repeated and inverted, or turned: spherical emanation? This publication might be seen as an attempt for such a radial two triangles, one pointing upwards, another downwards .18 I substitute approach to photography, perhaps even in its aims of radical sequestration — pages for Kanigsberg, a mountain, and for Gessenwiese, a meadow. , a delta stacking together as layers of a living humus, interjecting impulses made by each denotes change within physics formulas, a core of potential, here it might also point contributor as reactive processes, taking away from the sites as well as linking to the slow tectonic emergence of the mountain over time, or, more recently, together elements, citing and siting. A mountain of pitchblende reassembled the directional extraction of the mountain’s mines, bringing to the surface the here within, or leaves slipped between pages as bookmarks. The artwork as minerals once deeply embedded in the bedrock. And aptly marks these mate- book as carrier as herbarium as library. Why create a library, a collection, which rials’ volatility, ever-changing as central nodes of emission. In contrast, might necessarily denotes a one within many, cause for cross-referencing? Is it an act register a meadow or a field as a meeting point, in this case a convergence of of cross-exposure, catalytic means for rendering stability through countervailing multiple metaphysical centrifugal gravities. nambla or del, in a one-dimensional gestures? Is a library means to finding a communicable grounding within languages domain indicates a standard derivative or, if applied to a field, it can denote a of word and image, to somehow ingest the actualities in gestures? The library is gradient or curl (a turning rotation) etc. of the vector field, pointing here to a site of continuation, a prospective home for writing and future reading. And the seepage, the leaking into the earthen surface and its subsequent spreading this comes down to measures of rhetoric, ways of looking that continue to man- contamination from the compounded way-station waste heaps that had once ifest as ways of still looking. Let us not forget that the library is both a carrier, a been mounded on the site of Gessenwiese. These stand-in symbols could equally vessel for containment and storage, and also a site of mining, a place of pointed be exchanged to relate to the activity of attempted remediation taking place, extraction. What is it that we look up in the library? How does one stratum where soiled radioactive sludge has been, over the years, transported back into lead to another? In what ways does a publication, entitled a library, emerge as a the mountain’s depths , and the meadow’s flora uptakes the pollutants and a site of observation, where seer and seen radiate through cross-contamination? sequestration takes form in a still-active mycelial process of slow dispersion, Looking down, looking up, turning, . up, in, and outwards. also warns of potential sites of collision — yield in the face of that which comes before, the flow itself prioritized. Whereas a halts interaction, notifying of dangers that risk ends. Who is responsible for marking the many sites of man-encountered radiation?

Paired, these two geometric abstractions also recall the colloquial, fast-forwards, rewind, pause and play, buttons to conduct realtime and playback at odds. They might even be read as a singular site, pulled apart, two halves splitting onto divergent paths. Or, , two triangles drawn to touch, pointing to the valleys or peaks in a far-of line of sight. As such they are seen too at the crux of the symbol for infinity. When transposed and inscribed within a circle these two notations form the ancient symbol for the Hindu heart chakra, the Anahata.19 Translating from Sanskrit to “unstruck” the symbol is interpreted to mean “sound produced without touching two parts” and at the same time it means “pure” or “clean, stainless” — symbolizing a synergetic interaction of energies interacting without direct physical encounter. The meaning of this symbol is compound; it can be broken down to elemental parts: symbolizes fire, the element of water, the crossed form – – and its mountain-like triangle pointing to the realm of air, and – – points to the earth, together rendering, as Anahata suggests, elemental interaction in a realm of total symbiosis. If we were to look at , Kanigsberg and Gessenwiese, as two such superimposed energetic fields, might we also find means to read layer for layer the material at hand ever in relation? We might attempt a compound reading like this, which reads not only left to right (or vice versa), but upwards and downwards, bringing the reappearing lines into focus in various combinations.

19 The symbol described is according to the Hindu Yogic, Shakta, and Buddhist Tantric traditions. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Ge (ssenwiese)

32 Walking through Ge(ssenwiese), annotations by Bergit Arends

You can be in two minds about radioactivity. As you will know, sudden and severe radioactive events are human-produced: atomic bombs detonating from 1945 onwards, the nuclear reactor at Chernobyl exploding in 1986, or the lethal dose of polonium-210 isotope, invisible and undetectable, administered to Alexander Litvinenko, causing a slow death to quieten his dissident voice. These events were transmitted across the world. We can witness the symptoms of their aftermaths, knowing that the radiation pro- gressed relentlessly through the air and into organisms, irredeemable and undiscerning once unleashed.

34 35 However, radioactive materials are also naturally present: in our bodies, in the Earth’s surface, in the air Gessenwiese is a meadow. Its access is restricted to but a few. It has become a field of study for natural we breathe, or in the atmosphere, known as cosmic radiation. We live with radioactivity. And radiation scientists and photographer Susanne Kriemann alike. In these photographs the meadow is captured with finds its beneficial application in medicine, of course, for diagnostic imaging and for cell treatments. All its layers of soil and plants under the cloudy sky. Sometimes the camera makes us float above the tree line the same, these are two states of mind about radioactivity that are human-centred, where the benefits or moves us close to a collection of shrubs. The meadow, however, sways between being a pastoral land- of radiation or its destructive force relate to humanity at large or the individual human being. Yet, toxic scape and a radioactive field, its symptoms emerging. As a field, it is suspended within the endeavours of radiation released by humans ofers another reading. Radioactivity protects nature. At Gessenwiese ra- diagnosis and bioremediation. As a field, it serves scientific and artistic investigation, which both in their dioactivity keeps us out. The forbidding nature of radioactive radiation creates a landscape abandoned–by ways deconstruct the field into some of its constituent parts. As a landscape abandoned, Gessenwiese is humans. Radioactive radiation gives nature the chance to re-organise itself after the human event. undetermined. Who is to look at this landscape? Who is the landscape for, if not for humans?

36 39 The oscillation from field to landscape resonates in the words by poet Anne Carson. She writes in ‘Short Talks,’ Plainwater,

40 41 Three old women were bending in the fields. What use is it to question us? they said. Well it shortly became clear that they knew everything there is to know about the snowy fields and the blue-green shoots and the plant called “audacity,” which poets mistake for violets. I began to copy out everything that was said. The marks construct an instant of nature gradually, with- out the boredom of a story.1

I imagine the women bending, their old hands gleaning. Looking at the photographs, Kriemann is judi- ciously recording the work of the scientists. In one of the images documenting the fieldwork, a blue, disposable laboratory-gloved hand inserts itself into a clump of grass, the long grass blades falling limply under their own weight. In another image scientists are milling under an open marquee, near a wooden make-shift shelter. Some photographs show a plastic object clamped around the leaf of a plant. Hands are holding plant leaves and a measuring device. Their experiment asks: Is the plant leaf’s ability to undertake photosynthesis afected by radioactive radiation?

43 Another set of images shows the surface of the meadow divided into squares. Geographer Felix Driver writes that fieldwork activities are complex, performative acts of engagement.2 A field is a space that pro- motes interactions between the field and the investigator, both are touched in this process. One shapes and informs the other.

44 45 46 47 49 Here the documentation of the field and the research activities within are not just performative acts of engagement expressed through gathering and gleaning, observing and testing, squaring up and dividing. These distancing acts shape how the landscape becomes field. These acts also become the materials of Kriemann’s works. Her negotiations are visual, material, and tactile, giving form to the invisible radiation.

51 She makes the materials fall out of the field into her photographs. She extracts constituent parts of the field and re-connects them elsewhere, in her photographic lab, her studio, in a gallery space, or in a book. Considered together, these engagements with the site become a composite montage of an environment. A montage that simultaneously holds both, negative and positive, thoughts.

52 Experimentation with radiation has been understood since physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays If radioactivity describes the disintegration of atoms and causes transformation and death, then humans in 1895. The rays rendered the hand of his wife translucent and revealed the hand’s bone structure. shockingly disintegrated the environment of and around Gessenwiese through uraninite mining. In what On seeing the visual rendition of her hand stripped bare, Anna Bertha is said to have exclaimed: “I have is now the exclusion zone of the Gessenwiese, a landscape is at rest. It is at last rewilding. It is not being seen my death!”. To us now, knowing what rays can do, the image taken without light links structure with “sheepwrecked,” to use a term by environmentalist George Monbiot.3 Though a landscape with grazing destruction. sheep might look pastoral to us, introduce sheep and you soon have a landscape denuded. As we speak,

54 55 scientists continue their investigations of the field, probing its non-human life forms with more questions What is the relationship between grasses, their roots and endomycorrhizae mushrooms? What is the to slowly reveal how these species relate to each other: growth of trees in this environment, replete with heavy metals?

56 57 58 59 60 61 Kriemann messes with radioactivity. Her works create an audacious confusion between rationality and risk, mind and senses. She explores the uncomfortable relationship and caution humans have with radio- active materials. Her gleanings from the field bear witness to the transformations of materials and how these have been produced.

62 63 Gessenwiese is a place that continues to vacillate between field and landscape. Seen from afar the land- scape is one for human consumption, a pastoral picture, yet experienced from close up this is a landscape evolving beyond human interference.

64 65 Close the gate when you leave.

1 Anne Carson “Short Talks,” Plainwater: Essays and Poetry (New York: A. A. Knopf, 1995). 2 Felix Driver, “Editorial: Field-Work in Geography,” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 25, no. 3 (2000): 267-68. 3 George Monbiot, Feral: Searching for Enchantment on the Frontiers of Rewilding (London: Allen Lane, 2013).

67 Haldenschafe Birkenwäldchen Abraum Restpflanzen Gessenwiese Luftschacht Susanne Kriemann and Grit Ruhland

A meander line defines the margins of a surveyable tract. As such it walks the edge of something detectable, like a lake, balancing on the tipping point between lake versus not-lake, outlining a body in space. This form of meandering carries with it a gauging sensibility, which notices the environment in line with a set of determined aspects. As much as meandering might entail aimlessness, it also pertains to a certain weaving of temporalities, conjoining the physical with cognitive trailings.

With the express aim of encountering a place side by side, Susanne Kriemann organized a walk on 6 June 2019 that would parallel the paths of a number of individuals invested in varying aspects the post-uranium-min- ing landscape. Frank Weißflog, 1 Dietrich Berger, 2 Grit Ruhland, 3 Georg Büchel, 4 Daniel Mirgorodsky, 5 Mika Schwarz, 6 and Astrid Kirchhof, 7 each in their own right, could claim a vital understanding of these sites’ par- ticularities. For years they have been striving in parallel to achieve decontamination, control, memory, and a biological, geological, or cultural understanding of the first phases of what a society based largely on resource extraction has termed the Folgelandschaft (or following landscape, especially in relation to post-mining territo- ries) and Ewigkeitsschäden (literally, eternal damages).

After the walk, Susanne Kriemann and Grit Ruhland compiled a list of relevant terms, from which six terms were randomly chosen that would form the nodal basis of their writings: Abraum (excavation material some- times translated as overburden), Birkenwäldchen (small birch forest), Gessenwiese (Gessen meadow), Halden- schafe (waste-rock-pile or slag-heap sheep), Luftschacht (airshaft), Restpflanzen (leftover weeds). Ruhland’s text includes excerpts from her on-site research diary.

1 Frank Weißflog, former Wismut miner and current director of the visitors’ mine, Besucherbergwerk Zinnkammern Pöhla e.V. 2 Dietrich Berger, botanist, associate lecturer, Department of Applied Geology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena. 3 Grit Ruhland, artist. 4 Prof. Dr. habil. Georg Büchel, (now former) Chair for Applied Geology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena. 5 Dr. Daniel Mirgorodsky, Scientific Associate, Department of Applied Geology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena. 6 Mika Schwarz, artist and production assistant to Susanne Kriemann. 7 Dr. Astrid Mignon Kirchhof, research group leader in the project “Visualized Contemporary Witnesses and Multimedia Memory. Uranium miners in East Germany 30 years later” at Humboldt University of Berlin, Department of History, and Saxon Academy of Science and Humanities. 69 It has to do with baaaaaaahdiation, radioactivity, places The Haldenkuhe uranium-mining-waste-heap cows, stand earth, many of the old mines flooded. With the help of cloudless. Shortly before the sewage treatment plant whose shadows have walked on while we were busy dis- in the Neue Landschaft (New Landscape), a filled-in shiny grey, gruf, and indestructible geo-textiles the mud the Gessenbach creek smells of scented wastewater. tancing ourselves from the age of facts. Stories related and greened uranium mine, formerly the deepest in lakes are slowly dried, the radioactive dust gathered up Yellow sediments by the underpass. The bottom of the to mining have been enchanting for millennia. Miriquidi, Europe—less than 500 metres as the crow flies from and driven back into the mountains in barrels. By the pumping station basin is about 3/4 full of water — a Kanigsberg. Writing, I trace the veins of my memory, the medieval centre of the small Thuringian town of former uranium miners, by Frank and Michael, for pipe with a flap is letting water in. The exit to the bike wandering inside the pitch-black mountain with Frank Ronneburg. A hole blasted into the ground by the example. Radioactive volumes are carried out — world path is marked by wheel tracks, smeared with ochre- and Heike, 1 where we entangle image-making, mining German-Soviet nuclear industry during the Cold War peace, and again returned — s(uccesivelandscapes): coloured dried mud. Around the borehole has now tools, and flashlights; I proceed up to the meadow with that since the early 2000s has steadily been trans- been dug deeper. The bike path is being redirected Dietrich, Grit and Georg, Daniel, Erika, Astrid and Mika, formed into the area’s tallest point — the flat-topped Casting a glance across these so-called New Landscapes outward. In the Gessenbach traces of larger amounts and keep on falling behind. mountain named Schmirchauer Höhe, after the exting- we see gentle hills, here a golf course, there shy of water. Brown-white cows grazing in the evening uished village of Schmirchau. The legacies of uranium Haldenschafe, slag-heap sheep. Only an aware eye can light in the Lichtenberger Kanten. I ask myself if In the forest looking for mushrooms, out in the fields, mining were layered, depending on the activity: the see the visible traces of what takes on new forms in the it’s an appropriate picture, the one the animals are angels inside the mountain, on the starshower stretch, more radioactive materials on the bottom, the weaker groundwater, eroding soils, plants and trees, in the peo- making here. and a mummified cat. I only know the story from books. ones on top. On our hike Georg said that there were ple and sealed wells for hundreds, thousands of years. I have said it out loud, seen it, and made myself part of “difculties” with this site — it warms up because the I gathered wild carrot, false chamomile, ox tongue, and it. It’s a Krakonos 2 from the Erz Mountains changing material inside reacts. Even in the then-active open-pit Restpflanzen and dried them out. In the darkroom the If you follow this path from Ronneburg to Paitzdorf, shape in the concepts of eternal damage and just as mine there were often fires due to the sulphurous whole volume of collected tufts were exposed. Smart- you will move on through the now invisible past. insidious as slow violence. minerals, which had initially been attributed to sabo- phone-flashes on analogue processes: developer, fixer, Hidden in the woods is a former spring; today only tage. This era of black dust, rusty barbed wire, and water on the floor, sponge. It represents a fraction of a round, bricked depression with stairs and stone 2012, reading Lutz Seiler’s collection of poems pitch & broken earth is by now filled in. Today, only a few a volume spread throughout the hills and beneath the benches amidst a grove of trees—thanks to mining, it blende. In it, bone becomes uranium. 2019, “are miners’ information boards and the artificiality of the entire ground in the Erz Mountains. has not had any water to ofer for a long time. bones really made of uranium?” Frank winks: “On the complex indirectly refer to it. outside we still look pretty good, but on the inside we After rehabilitation, the picture is characterized by “Aluminium (Al), Arsenic (As), Boron (B), Barium shine for eternity.” The poem’s puzzle makes these con- geometric forms, signs, and stainless steel technical (Ba), Calcium (Ca), Cadmium (Cd), Cerium (Ce), 22 August 2014 (Friday) fessions bearable. The view through the camera gets installations — a clean, controlled landscape straight Cobalt (Co), Chrome (Cr), Caesium (Cs), Copper Side trip to Brunnenholz grove to visit the dried-up larger, grows so large, when the mountain is a body and of the drawing board with a chic new bike path. This (Cu), Iron (Fe), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Man- Eulenhofer spring. Two older women with a walker uranium bone. is the path I often took through Gessen valley, ganese (Mn), Sodium (Na), Nickel (Ni), Phosphorous on a bench. One of them, who comes from Ronneburg, “out of the district of his going” … “so we told ourselves, past the artificial flat-topped mountain, the replicated (P), Lead (Pb), Sulphur (S), Silicon (Si), Samarium (Sm), tells the story about how, when she was a child, she he snifs out the ore, it is the bone, yes.” 3 open-cast mining area (“Lichtenberger Kanten”) Strontium (Sr), Uranium (U), Ytterbium (Yb), Zinc would come here to get water for her mother. There now planted with rows of oak trees. Quiet and car-free (Zn)” 4 are, amongst other things, detectable in wild were multiple springs—one at Zellen and one at Her- 8:58 am sitting in a café in Karlsruhe, music is playing as I all the way to Gera. carrot, false chamomile, ox tongue, and others. Georg ziger. The path has since become overgrown and the sip a cappuccino. The acidic liquid heats my throat. I turn to is ready with his expertise. Thanks to photosynthesis springs are gone too, that’s because Wismut used so myself in the mirror, and look into my own eyes. the contaminated plants contain the same chemicals much water, the other woman adds. The woman from Abraum. History of Uranium Mining in Germany. 21 May 2015 (Thursday) that millions of us use to fix light in digital images. As Ronneburg says she’s 87. In the past she used to walk Today’s going to be another good day gauging the course of Around 4:45 pm I ride my bike from Paitzdorf to Gera to my question of whether you could compare the here a lot, but now she doesn’t have enough “air.” She this summer. Süd. In the New Landscape, near Drachenschwanz assemblage inside of these weeds to what composes does not remember the water having any particular bridge, I see a bird of prey. Today there are more than my smartphone, Erika ofers a simple “ yes.” 5 Smarting smell. But the other woman remembers the “stink” Gessenwiese. Gsewee, Gseee, Ge. Luftschacht Lfshct, a dozen brown-white cows (and a number of little calves) weeds. of the leaking water in Gessen valley. (She means Lfht. Abraum, Aram, am. around Gessen stream, below the arboretum. At the leaky the mine-water at the filled-up cavity area.) Ra (Radium) 226Ra has a mass of 226 222 218 214. borehole, the asphalt path leading upwards is being dug “Plants can accumulate harmful elements and, for example, up. Where the filled-up cavity has been torn open again, immobilize them in vacuoles or on cell walls and, if It disintegrates after alpha decay; in rare cases it also you can see pipes and iron-red tinged soil. I think about necessary, repel these storage compartments (often Eulenhofer spring was discovered in the eighteenth disintegrates following Beta + Decay, 2 left, 2 below Anne Wilson Schaef’s [1998] book Living in Process. That the leaves). Another possibility is not to take up the century, emerging from a dilapidated tunnel, and used according to the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart: our concepts are too static, that things are not things undesirable elements in the plant, to once again excrete for almost two centuries. At that time, Ronneburg but processes. them or not to transfer them to the aboveground. was a spa town, which now we can only see in old Radon 222Rn; Polonium 218Po; Lead 214Pb; Bismuth 214Bi; Heavy metals such as U [Uranium] or Pb [Lead] are post-cards and history books. The gravel cycle path Polonium 214Po; Lead 210Pb; Bismuth 210Bi; Polonium 210Po; immobilised or excreted on the Casparian strip in continues on through the middle of the former mining- Lead 206Pb (stable!) 16 June 2015 (Tuesday) the outer areas of the root.” 6 waste-heap footprint, seemingly an inconspicuous 8:05 pm I ride my bike through Gessen valley. It’s plantation with young trees, fenced in to protect Piece by piece the Abraum is brought back below the still light out and the weather’s good; the sky’s almost Cappuccino, cantuccini, a chat with R and another with F. them from game animals. But this is exactly where the

1 Heike Catherina Mertens, former artistic director of Ernst Schering Foundation, Berlin, accompanied me to 4 Katja Nebelung, “Efect of the residual contamination of renatured post-mining areas in Eastern Thuringia on these sites as editor of my publication P(ech) B(lende): Library for radioactive afterlife (Leipzig: Spector Books, 2016). heavy metal uptake (soil-plant) and succession with regard to subsequent use,” dissertation for the acquisition of 2 A Krakonos is a shape-changing figure in the children’s book by the same name. Wieland Freund, Krakonos the academic title: Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.), presented to the Council of the Faculty of Chemistry (Weinheim: Beltz & Gelberg Verlag, 2017). and Earth Sciences of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. 5 3 Lutz Seiler, pech & blende / pitch & blende (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 2000), trans. Prof. Dr. Erika Kothe, Chair of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena. Alexander Booth (2015). 6 Nebelung. See also microscopic images illustrating this phenomena included in this publication, p. 81. 70 71 Water, metal spoon, porcelain cup, and saucer. Small metal Paitzdorf mining shaft’s widely visible mining waste Hermann points out to us a drawing of Wismut’s the Wismut buildings. tray. I definitely know more about the manufacturing heaps stood until 2004. For a long time—together deepest shaft, Shaft 371. 10 Nearly 1,800 metres deep. You could see it from the street. When the building conditions of the phone to my left than the coffee set to my with their nearby twins in Reust—they were the Innumerable Luftschächte, drilled for ventilation. Far was torn down, thanks to private initiatives, the mural right. My fingers are burning because of my device’s battery. most famous symbol of uranium mining in eastern underground: 60 degrees Celsius. Inner sun. A miner’s was placed in the middle of the landscape along the Thuringia. Later, these black cones were stored gear consists of: Geiger counter, safety lamp, water cycle path near Löbichau. “So obsolescence happens when a given piece of older in the (aforementioned) Schmirchauer Höhe. At the bottle, lifesaver, helmet, rubber boots, rubber overalls, technology is no longer capable of efciently supporting base, birches grew high to the top of the cones, which ore crate, drill. The stuf was packed in an ore crate and features introduced in newer models.” 7 Heike ofered from a distance — i.e. how most people saw them until shipped to my workspace. 11 “Is it still radioactive?” I Buildings are apparently exposed to a greater need a detailed and historically profound overview of the the closure in 1991—looked a bit like fluf. A Birkenwäld- was asked by many people visiting me. “I was told it for design than trees. Oaks, in particular, are often sur- coming of planned obsolescence. 8 More tailings, more chen, a small birch grove, meant to cover the black wasn’t,” was my response. vivors of change; they are symbols of continuity for a metallurgical fairy tales, more transformer-plants. stones. With their bright trunks, they are friendly reason. Birches, on the other hand, mark fractures and Half-plant. trees that always have something magical about Slag heaps, mud lakes and mines, calls of “Glück Auf,” disturbed soil. And yet, they are also signs of them—maybe because they were such a frequent 46 years. Then, beginning in 1991, taking the waste the absence of control. As M explained to me, they are Half-lifes: how will I travel in the future? I aim to avoid flying; image in Soviet fairy tale films. Wismut, first as a back into the mountains. A change in the landscape: never actually planted in landscaping, but their seeds I avoid driving as much as possible. My skype conversation purely Soviet, then as a Soviet-German stock corpora- waste heaps to grass-covered hills, within the aerial fly in on their own. The most active thing people do is with M roams around the principle of halving. Next year simply tion, was not only a “state within a state,” it also photographs: “A tranquil mountain vista.” 12 Often: golf to allow them to simply stand there. As such, birch fly half of what I/you/we did this year. Sri Lanka. Singapore. established a number of cultural elements. Nonetheless, courses. “The wife who’s younger than her husband trees mark areas we rarely use. In Central Germany Venice, Gothenburg, Karachi. I start with Gothenburg; I’ll all the “German-Soviet friendship” propaganda never and who’s vague about which course she’s going to.” this is pretty rare — if not being used for industrial fly there and take the train back. The train is overbooked. I really took hold in everyday life. If something “looked 13 Unbowed “Glück Aufs,” brothers and sisters. The agriculture, most of these areas are commercial forests, take a bus. Hope, half-hope, HHHHH. HHH. H. Hopeness. Russian,” it was not an expression Haldenschafe are grazing; down in the shafts, pastures,wild rubbish dumps, or trafc routes. Places of admiration, but of contempt.“Russians” and “Soviets” the ventilators are running. Today, yesterday, for that nobody uses are suspicious. Especially here there My first visit to the former Wismut grounds, 2015, were somehow the same, at least seen from Saxony hundreds of years. are many contaminated sites (Altstandorte) that have with M, A, V, and Oskar the foxy extended across the and Thuringia. not been rehabilitated — in Saxony as well as in states of Saxony and Thuringia; an understanding of the While walking on Kanigsberg I see thick green meadow Thuringia. Between 1991 and 2001 the Federal Ofce landscapes with their soft hills and windmills begins; grass surrounded by beautiful blue-green deciduous for Radiation Protection (BfS) ran a programme for research in the archives too. The clay-like, ochre-yellow- 9 September 2015 (Wednesday) trees. “This is a hotspot,” Dietrich says. It is still very “recording and evaluating mining-related environmental grey-bleached-reddish substrate atop the former waste Met C in the afternoon. When I had told her that I active. They (the farmers) mow the grass, mix it, and radioactivity” in order to document mining legacies heaps dyes my white sneakers. Let me specify: “red- lived near Gera, we got into conversation. C’s grand- in so doing dilute the radioactivity. This is a principle that did not fall under the Wismut act of 1991. According brown, grey, and ochre-yellow remediation loam in parents lived in Braunichswalde. Directly behind the used with almost all radioactive remains, Restpflanzen, to this treaty, all the areas that SDAG Wismut ceased irregularly changing portions.” 9 garden, the ore-laden trains rode along. Bits often Rspazn, Rpan, p, pitchblende: adulteration, disguise, to own before 1962 do not fall within Wismut GmbH’s tumbled down—her sister would play with them. dilution reflected in condensation, enrichment, super- area of responsibility for rehabilitation and thus are to Over a drink with the former uranium digger, Maybe there’s a connection to what she called “that power. be kept or rehabilitated by the state or municipality Michael Fischer, Kumpel, brother, he looks me in the stomach thing” of hers. Two years later we follow Frank through the former on their own. Small communities are overburdened eye and says: “You don’t understand a thing, do you.” uranium mine in Pöhla. Georg and Daniel take a probe by the task — and so are even larger administrative Was he referring to his dialect? I understand it quite well. of the “Blue Wonder,” and a bit of the “Yellow Wonder” units. Franconian und Thuringian aren’t all that diferent. The Most of the uranium from Ronneburg was taken by goes with it. Sudden instances of rapidly growing crys- other stuf about “super income for god-awful work” freight train to the “Kombinat No. 7” in Sillamäe in tals, astonishing even to geologists. “That’s vitriol.” 14 and uranium for world peace and so on, however, the Estonian Socialist Soviet Republic. During Soviet Then all of a sudden it smells of mulled wine. Frank smiles, This extensive contaminated-site project, during which makes me feel queasy. His lovely house so typical of times, this town at the shore of the Baltic Sea was Santa Claus sometimes makes an appearance in June both “small waste heaps in a rural idyll” as well as larger the Erz Mountains with its woodcarvings and baryte closed to outsiders and had no postal addresses. Many in the Pöhla mine. A bufet set just for us by former sites were identified by means of (helicopter-borne) crystals in the cabinets, and the pitchblende buried out of the workers likely had no idea that uranium was Wismutbergleute , former miners or literally “Wismut aero-gamma measurements and data from Wismut, led in the garden, mind-blowing. being enriched there. Today, it belongs to Estonia — mountain people,” it’s incredible. We discuss Energie- to the creation of a register of contaminated sites that the “Silmet” company plant is still in operation and wende, the energy revolution, deep inside the earth. contained initially 200,000 records. Locations with More pitchblende behind the wardrobe… or uranium refines rare earth. Sillamäe is still sort of a Russian less than 0.1 Becquerel/gram were glitter buried in someone’s parents’ garden… enclave; no one speaks Estonian with us, only Russian On our way back out of the mountain, just a short way not included, and thus an unrestricted use of the soil pitchblende (+/- 1 ton) in a private collection in an and English. In the city museum the former company from where special guests are entertained with laser is possible. This is known as Freimessen (clearing by apartment block in Berlin, on ofer to a petrologist of a artist Aleksander Popolitov showed us a photo album shows, we also measure a newly formed streak of uranium measurement). Cleared or not, there is often no museum of natural history. New mysteries in the light about the creation of the mural The Peaceful Use of glitter. Dietrich and I are briefly allowed on the riser to marking, especially not at the older sites. of pitch-black-blende. Nuclear Energy in Paitzdorf. The mural consisted of painted tiles and was attached to the front of one of

7 Found on www.quora.com 10 Hermann Meinel, director of Museum Uranbergbau (Museum of Uranium Mining) in Schlema. 8 Prof. Dr Heike Weber, environmental historian and professor at TU Berlin, former professor at KIT Karlsruhe 11 In my studio there are two ore crates, inside them two complete sets of uranium miners’ work gear, on loan Institute for Technology. She gave a lecture within my seminar “Slow Violence” for students of Media Art in from the Museum of Uranium Mining, Schlema. Karlsruhe, 20 December 2018. 12 Jayne Wilkinson, curator of Susanne Kriemann: Pechblende (Prologue), PREFIX ICA, Toronto, 2016. 9 Nebelung. 13 Agatha Christie, A Pocket Full of Rye (London: Collins Crime Club, first edition, 1953). 14 Georg and I go over everything we saw on our hike again: salts, sulphuric acid, copper, H2O, crystals, etc. 72 73 look at the mould that is as thick as sheepskin, and which Just such a place can be found along the path I often Volumes are shifted. And no one knows — traumata — earth’s surface. also appeared out of the blue. “But it doesn’t have take between Paitzdorf and Mennsdorf, in the Aue breathdream — waste. In the meantime, I find the fact that these whole anything to do with radiation.” 15 Spores. Wood. meadow below Sturmsberg mountain. Here, too, you “In certain weather conditions, the fleet of lorries needs installations were located so closely to settlements to Dampness. Hissing sounds of disturbed mildew. The only notice the vegetation: a circular Birkenwäldchen, around 40,000 litres of diesel per day. The largest uranium be creepy. At some point the whole construction Geiger counter hangs from the beams, next to it a small birch grove of about 15 metres in diameter. mine in the world was once in Thuringia; now it’s in was eliminated. Today you really can’t see where the pitchblende, re-applied so visitors get a sense of the At its edge, towards the field, you see a concrete ring Namibia.” 18 tower once stood. working conditions. 16 Equipped with only a helmet with a rusty pipe protruding from it. Once I made lamp and a Geiger counter. It’s cramped; it stays cramped. sound recordings inside. There was a kind of sonorous Together with Mika I walk through a village in search The first dismantling began in 1991 with the Federal vibration—triggered, I think, by the water flowing of Haldenschafe, but instead come across a house with a It was the question of whether collecting plants and Mining Act, which stipulates that the Federal Republic underground. sheepdog in a kennel and three signs on the façade:c “40 mushrooms is safe that originally led me to concern will never again permit uranium mining in the region. Jahre Wismut sind genug,” “Windenergie nein myself with the consequences of uranium mining on The renaturation process will last, as declared, until danke,” “Deutschland meine Heimat.” 19 Birkenwäldchen, the living environment. In an overused landscape 2045. Stone’s throw away from fact or fiction, hands Interview partners have told me that this little grove Brewlce, Bele, Bl. the areas released from use are refuges for animals, waiting for heat. was once fenced in. In the 1950s it was a develop- plants, and mushrooms. The most beautiful specimens ment shaft. When I jump to see whether the vibration A and I drive back to the meadows this August, to the grow in questionable places. At the very beginning, I a years d days m minutes could be heard, the movement was surprisingly loud former mining pit near Ronneburg, and Gessenwiese actually only wanted to know what I could collect and and clear. Only now do I understand how fragile this and Kanigsberg. I gather wild carrot and ox tongue, where. I have only partially succeeded in answering 238U has a half-life of 4 468 000 000 a → Thorium slightly elevated ring of Abraum ( excavation material) again, and wilted poppy and foxtail grass. Sheep wool this question though I can now lecture for hours about 234Th after 24.10 d → Protactinium 234Pa after 1.7 m fundamentally is. Will certainly not attempt a second gets caught in the stems, a whole bag full for my (post-)uranium mining. → Uranium 234U after 245 500 a → Thorium 230Th jump. Later I discovered a sign in the grass: “Do Not collection; in addition, a bag full of sheep shit. Sacks of after 73 380 a → Radium 226Ra after 1 600 a → Radon Enter! Danger of Collapse!” — visible during the winter wild flowers, and their small inhabitants come back 222Rn after 3,8235 d → Polonium 218Po after 3.10 m → once the grass had withered. Without the microphone’s with us to Berlin. In the Botanical Museum everything 6 June 2019 (Thursday) [Memo, August 2019] Lead 214Pb after 26.8 m → Bismuth 214Bi after 19.8 m amplification I probably would have taken this message looks like a display. 20 The old air is ousted by the smell When we arrive at our destination, I am surprised that → Polonium 214Po after 164.3 µs → Lead 210Pb after just as casually as the rest of the fading warning signs. of meadows. The stylish vitrines are populated by the it’s supposed to be Gessenwiese. I would have guessed 22.3 a → Bismuth 210Bi after 5,013 d m → Polonium I also only learned later in an interview that there was tiniest of insects. A journey none of the little creatures it was on the other side of the Schmirchauer Höhe, 210Po after 138,376 d → Lead 206Pb stable another shaft, a bit further back, which was always could ever cover on their own. Some die, some sur- there where the village of Gessen once stood. You “flooded,” apparently the reason why the project was render to the Botanical Garden. can see Lichtenberg across the way. Susanne and Mika GmbH renaturing. WismuttumsiW, WsuusW, WuuW. abandoned. Later I found it too — in addition to a few start harvesting a large amount of plants with my rusty remains of barbed wire; K and I photographed A few days later I am talking on the phone with Thomas shovel, gathering them into their jute sacks, while 230U 231U 232U 233U 234U 235U 236U 237U 238U 239U 240U it. Beforehand, I always thought the elevation was from Wismut’s technical archive in search of how the Georg and I fight our way through erosion-gullies the artificial foxhole my mother had once mentioned. Wismuts documented their activities over all those years, and hip-high sticky weed to measure an impressive 230,400 tonnes (= 230,400,000 kg) of uranium were Until finding out that this was also an old site, I had before 1989 and after. 21 And all was documented. hotspot (K loaned me his scintillator this morning, mined between 1946 – 1990. considered it relatively unsuspicious and collected herbs New landscapes, following remediation and cleansing which detects the radiation much better than my there for years. and meadowing and photosynthesizing, for whom to Geiger counters do). With Dietrich I philosophize if The return of the waste material is carried out by the inhabit? It continues to remain unclear to me with whom or how much jam made from wild strawberries picked former Wismut (SDAG turned GmbH) miners. In a I have been talking all these years, which side of this at this place would be justifiable. The side of the road documentary aired by ARTE in 2012, YELLOW 24 March 2016 (Holy Thursday) narration is told by the scientists, the workers, the people, is full of berries, as well as a few mushrooms that CAKE: The Dirt Behind Uranium, the journalist reports I gather stinging nettle, ground elder, garlic mustard, us. The difcult questions remain unanswered, ousourc- have come up early and which he addresses with a that for the “re”-transport of these masses (day after and lungwort by the foxhole. We start the birch-sap ing is the word of this time. It scaled uranium and radon Latin name. And all the while at the back of my mind day, waste back into the mines), a single dump truck harvest at Sturmsberg. Once again the ring-shaped and winged lungs and bones. With Haldenschafe tired I’m thinking about the local legend of the three-legged would have to travel around the earth 31 times. 17 remainders of a former Luftschacht (ventilation shaft) to death. badger who haunted the area before any uranium grab my attention. B jokes: alien signs. was mined, and whether radioactivity might actually Kauern “I think, therefore I am a part of the labyrinth” resonates break the linearity of time. Kaimberg Schafgraben, Liebschwitz, Wipsebach, Lietzsch, from Lisa’s speech last night. 22 I am of labyrinth, Kauern In fact, my memories of this ventilation shaft in o Lbrnh, of f. Aue, Annaberg-Buchholz, Schlema, Pöhla, Schwarzenberg Mennsdorf are foggy. I don’t even know how close I got to it back then when it was still operating and Day and night, bringing the most contaminated material visible. In any case, it was only 200–300 metres away into the deeper regions of the mines; the partially con- from our house. Ventilation shafts transport fresh air 18 taminated material is stored further up top. into the mine and the radon-contaminated air to the Ibid. 19 The signs translate respectively as: “40 Years of Wismut Are Enough,” “Wind Energy, No Thanks,” ”Germa- ny: My Homeland.” 20 Licht, Luft, Scheiße was curated by Sandra Bartoli, Marco Clausen, Silvan Linden, Åsa Sonjasdotter, Florian 15 Dietrich identifies it as common wood mould. Wüst, Kathrin Grotz, and Patricia Rahemipour, and featured group exhibitions at the Botanical Museum Berlin 16 Today, 15 August 2019, I spoke briefly with Frau Weißflog. Frank is back in the hospital. and neue Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst (nGbK), Berlin, 2019. 17 YELLOW CAKE: The Dirt Behind Uranium, documentary film written and directed by Joachim Tschirner (Berlin: 21 Thomas Hennicke, Head of Archive, Documentation Department, Wismut GmbH. Um Welt Film Produktionsgesellschaft, 2005–2010). 22 The 2019 Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art, curated by Lisa Rosendahl — Part of the Laby- rinth — takes its name from this line by Danish poet Inger Christensen, which responds to Descartes’ “Cogito, ergo sum” (1637), Inger Christensen, Letters in April (1979). 74 75 K(anigsberg)

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E xclusion Zones Eva Wilson

States of decay

Uranium-235, used in power plants and nukes, has a half-life of 703.8 million years; caesium-137’s half-life is approximately 30 years. You might encounter the latter during radiation therapy, or when authenticating wine, or simply because it spreads easily in nature, for example after a nuclear disaster. Both isotopes are instable and, as is the nature of nuclear radiation, in a state of constant decay. Their energies are highly excited and nervously discharge in all directions as beta and then gamma rays, like an itchy impulse, an involuntary seepage, until their spent nuclei settle as more stable elements. At the end of its long process of entropy, uranium becomes lead, a dense and unreactive heavy metal (just consider its Latin name, plumbum). Uraninite, or pitchblende, is a radioactive mineral and ore that can be refined to recover uranium and radium. Large deposits of uraninite were discovered in the Ore Mountains in the regions of Thuringia and Saxony in Germany as early as the fifteenth century. At the time, the leady, fatty black substance was deemed worthless and discarded to decay on the mine dumps. But pitchblende, which changes colour when it oxidises, was soon rediscovered and retrieved from the slag heaps, to be put to use to make olive-green, grey, and ochre pigments. And so, painters in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries used concoc- tions of oxidised uraninite mixed with fresh-egg tempera or oil made from local walnut crops to produce paintings that we now know are radioactively contaminated. Look at them and they will look back at you, not by means of the refracted sunlight glistening of their varnish in all the colours of the visible spectral range, but by the stealthy emanation of their own energies, radiating not just to your eyes, but through your clothes, your hair, and all the cells of 114 your body. 115 w

Since 2016, Susanne Kriemann has joined a group of researchers, geologists, end of 1953. Several mines in the areas of Schneeberg, Johanngeorgenstadt, and biologists from, among other institutions, Friedrich Schiller University Annaberg-Buchholz, Marienberg, and Ronneburg were annexed by the USSR Jena, who are analysing the quantities of toxic and radiating elements in the and became part of the state-run Wismut AG. ecosphere of the fields surrounding the mines operated by the now defunct Workers were initially recruited from the surrounding area by way of forced mining company SDAG Wismut (a Soviet-German stock company) in the Ore labour, following Gulag discipline methods such as the withdrawal of food Mountains of the former German Democratic Republic. Kriemann has gone on rations and military tribunals for alleged misconducts. Wismut’s sites became to collect contaminated plants from the local Gessenwiese, a meadow within closed military zones and were heavily guarded by Soviet troops. After 1947, the zone of rehabilitation, and Kanigsberg, a formerly mined mountain, in following protests, conditions for workers improved, and by the 1950s, the order to use them as active agents in her photograms or ingredients for pig- notoriously arduous and dangerous work at the Wismut mines came with extra ments. Apart from uranium, the soil and vegetation from the former mining privileges to sweeten the deal: high wages, regular deliveries of schnapps, access areas contain traces of lanthanum, ittrium, gadolinium, lead, copper, aluminium, to desirable apartments, and moreover a growing pride in the mining culture argentum, vanadium, germanium, potassium, and other heavy metals and rare and community of Kumpel (pitmen). At its zenith, the Wismut AG employed earth elements. more than 130,000 people and generated the majority of uranium required Her extractions from the zones of rehabilitation have since fed into a multi- for the Soviet nuclear program. tude of visual, archival, and textual work and research, traveling conceptually Three decades later, by the end of the 1980s, with global prices for uranium and geographically along the circuits of contemporary art. Appearing, on the falling and resources in the Ore Mountains depleted, Wismut’s main buyer, the surface, to set out as highly situated inquiries into the topographies of some USSR, failed to pay for its debts or uphold deals, plunging the company into slag heaps, some mountains, of regional flora, and locally isolated histories, her grave financial trouble. In 1990, the GDR and USSR agreed to halt all produc- subject matter proves, at second glance, to amalgamate narratives of global tion. Following the fall of the Wall and later the breakup of the Soviet Union, political events and to permeate material, aesthetic, and energy economies as the SDAG Wismut AG was dissolved and absorbed by the Federal Republic of well as vast temporal expanses across geological time. Kriemann doesn’t fail Germany. All responsibilities for the clean-up of the gigantic ecological damage to bring these troves into play materially rather than merely symbolically or caused by the now defunct mining company subsequently fell to the Federal representationally. That is, seeing Kriemann’s research and works exhibited, Republic of Germany. Today’s Wismut GmbH (now a limited liability company) or reading about them in a book, also means being implicated in a most radical employs around a thousand people whose task it is to rehabilitate an area that way: by means of radiation. will most likely remain contaminated for thousands of years. And so, the long history of extraction and global dissemination of natural Extraction resources from the area ended abruptly with the collapse of the nation states whose territorial and exterritorial claims to the land evaporated with them. The history of SDAG Wismut begins with the German capitulation in 1945, Nuclear half-life, however, is not subject to geopolitics. Agriculture in the which put an end to the proclaimed eternity of the Thousand-Year Reich that densely populated Wismut area has today made way for vaguely hazardous reigned for twelve interminable years. While American forces were scrambling recreation grounds. The harvesting and extraction on the Gessenwiese test field to secure German V-2 ballistic missile technology and human intelligence in the in East Thuringia now serves the purpose of attempting to protect animals and Harz Mountains, Soviet specialists set out to investigate the uranium deposits humans from the dangers of its contamination, however limited this may be in in Saxony and Thuringia that had until then remained largely overlooked. On comparison to other global sites of radioactive fallout. The experience gathered September 14, little more than a month after Little Boy and Fat Man deto- here is exemplary of contemporary remediation of radiologically polluted areas nated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Soviet Union founded the Sächsische and shared by Wismut with other post-nuclear locations internationally. Erzsuchabteilung, the so-called Saxon ore search unit, which operated under There has been speculation that the yellow cake for the Chernobyl power military direction. In 1947, the mines in the Ore Mountains quarried 145 plant was created from pitchblende mined in the Ore Mountain mines, though tonnes of uranium and quickly went on to become the largest provider of the forensic studies have not yet been made to prove such a hypothesis. Despite 116 element for the USSR, producing, in secret, around 10,000 tonnes by the being a key source of the raw material that has lead to greater, catastrophic 117 w

1 Clair Cameron Patterson, “Age of meteorites and the Earth,” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 10 (1956): 230 – 237.

contamination elsewhere, the degrees of radioactivity in the area itself are Which is why, my coevals: we will never become fossils. difuse and murky, and nearly impossible to zone of. Still, it is thought that safe human consumption of groundwater, soil, and air from the area will not About 2.5 billion years ago, the chemical reactions of photosynthesis led to be possible for another 100,000 years. the so-called Great Oxydation Event (also known as the Oxygen Catastrophe And so, in the grey zone of geopolitics and elevated but not disastrous or the Oxygen Revolution, depending on your perspective). This first event radiation levels, nature has resumed its wild proliferations. Oblivious local of mass extinction, thought to have been brought about by cyanobacteria, livestock continues to ruminate the fresh grass that grows on fields just beyond wiped out oxygen-intolerant, anaerobic organisms and created our current the confines of the exclusion zone — boundaries that are the consequence of oxygen-based ecosphere. Maybe we can empathise, across the eons, while policies that choose to ignore the expansive nature of industrial contamination our ecosystem once again falls victim to mass extinction and our atmosphere in favour of a fictional reality geared toward the parameters and perimeters of transforms in preparation for future populations who might thrive on the toxic Strahlenschutz (radiation protection). The two monumental cone-shaped slag legacy of humanity. Toxicity is relative. piles of mining waste that for years dominated the horizon near Ronneburg as Notably, the spectral range of solar light visible to humans approximately man-made Alps (Alptraum also means “nightmare” in German) were removed matches the range of photosynthetically active radiation. Our eye has evolved to make way for the Bundesgartenschau, the German federal horticulture show to respond to stimulation by electromagnetic radiation within this spectrum of 2007. The current Wismut GmbH, the federal successor of the old SDAG, as perception of colour, while a plant’s pigments are able to convert it into is actively remediating 570 hectares of sludge ponds containing the tailings chemical energy, releasing oxygen as a waste product, the air that we breath. from the uranium refinement process. When left to dry out, the radioactive dust of these tailings can be carried great distances by the wind, reaching the Underground, where there is no light, colour does not exist. doors and windows of most of the taxpayers who contributed to the 6 billion euros spent on remediation processes to date. Today, the mechanics of extraction produced under the rule of a consump- tive economy have excavated and brought to light — to the same nuclear light Energy fatigue that formed them — the coal and oil and gas whose combustion sustains (and endangers) life on Earth. We live in a global economy of the sun, commodities’ O sun, you middle-aged star. For the past 4.5 billion years, you have been creation running on radiation, burning up time, millions of years, in just a century. embroiled in a process of incessant nuclear reaction — one that will continue The vast majority of energy consumed on Earth is still solar, stellar. Nuclear for the same amount of time, until the hydrogen fusion in your core has dimin- reactor fuels, however, have no solar source. They are the product of several ished, your outer layers expand, you swell to become a Red Giant, and, in the supernovae, the input of explosive debris of Earth’s progenitor stars at the process, you swallow the planets closest to you, including, most likely, Earth. time of the planet’s formation. Whether the origin of radioactive energy is The sun’s radiation, the symptom of its entropic decay, is the source not extraterrestrial, or rather forms the core of the planet itself, its astronomical only of life, but also of time on Earth. Spiralling around our ageing star, we make-up and inception, is efectively indistinguishable. measure our lives in revolutions. Another ten or twenty revolutions from And as much as human future is radioactive, what we know of the age of now, fossil fuels will be diminished and spent to the point of exhaustion. For the Earth is too: human knowledge of the past is extraterrestrial, irradiating, the past few hundred million years, these fossils have harboured the energy and entropic. In 1956, Clair Cameron Patterson, a US-American researcher of our sun deep under the pressure of the Earth’s mantle and in the heat of its who was previously involved in the Manhattan Project, developed uranium-lead core. These are the sediments of prehistoric organic matter that at one time (U-Pb) radiometric dating, using the decay chain of uranium incorporated in basked at the surface, responding to the spectral range of light that facilitates zircon (Earth’s oldest mineral) as an indicator of time.1 Uranium decays into photosynthesis by consuming carbon dioxide and leaking oxygen, before sinking lead with a half-life of 4.46 billion years. In Pasadena, Patterson created one of deeper toward the Earth’s centre. Only much later would organisms develop the first “clean rooms,” a laboratory that prevented lead contamination from the ability to break down cellulose, eventually preventing organic remains outside sources, in order to analyse the age of a Canyon Diablo meteorite 118 from fossilising. (which had crash-landed in today’s Arizona state 50,000 years ago) and from 119 w

2 These works bear the name of the plants that they feature: Falsche Kamille, Wilde Möhre, Bitterkraut, 2016. 3 Michael Beleites, Pechblende – der Uranbergbau in der DDR und seine Folgen (Lutherstadt Wittenberg: Kirchliches For- schungsheim Wittenberg, 1988); the manuscript was later published as Altlast Wismut. Ausnahmezustand, Umweltkatastro- phe und das Sanierungsproblem im deutschen Uranbergbau (Frankfurt am Main: Brandes & Apsel, 1992).

this, that of the solar system. Earth is only slightly younger than the sun: over entangling stone coal from Columbia, Congolese coltan, Mongolian europium, a course of approximately 50 million years, the solar nebula collapsed into the numerous other raw materials, and countless hours of global labour, wrapped solar disk, its dust agglomerating into planets and meteorites. (But of course up in the strange credo emanating from the heliocentre’s heart at 1 Infinite it is tautological to assume the dimension of years here, there having been no Loop, Cupertino, California. The photograms (simultaneously icon and index) Earth to orbit the toddling sun.) show the black-and-white silhouettes of proliferating shoots and explosions of pollen that resemble images taken in cloud chambers or some kind of abstract Dispersion expressionist firework. Ge(ssenwiese) K(anigsberg) continues Kriemann’s investigations into the hyper-lo- While radiation is invisible to the naked eye, some photosensitive carriers cal and nevertheless rhizomatic Wismut legacy. Her frequent visits to the sites can record it beyond the limits of the visible spectrum: this is how Susanne have culminated in countless close-up photographs of native shrubs, grasses, Kriemann was able to record autoradiographs of radioactive uranium sourced and trees, showing us the plants in detail, often without ofering a broader from the Johannesgeorgenstadt mine in Saxony from within a darkroom in a sense of the landscape. At times the images are repeated or superimposed on laboratory at the American Museum of Natural History in New York (Pechblende the page, like a graphic nervous tick. The accumulation of photographs is not (Prologue), 2014–2015). Some of the first dosimeters, personal film badges exactly forensic, even though it encourages a gaze that searches for traces of used to monitor cumulative radiation doses, were developed after scientists of anomaly. The viewer’s revelation is that everything seems quite ordinary. It the Manhattan Project realised that photographic film stored in the vicinity of is in the insistent déjà-vu of the multiplied images that we gleam a flicker of radioactive materials had been exposed (in both senses). The image conjured the plants’ unholy charge. from the film indicated invisible gamma rays, X-rays, and beta particles that Michael Beleites’ pictures, originally recorded covertly between 1986 and were shooting through the labs, through the scientists, across time. 1988 under high personal risk in an attempt to provide evidence of the mon- In fact, it had been a similar discovery by Antoine Henri Becquerel in 1896 that umental but secret activities of the SDAG Wismut, document how under the led him and Marie Curie to begin their research into the radioactive properties direction of the company geological volumes were shifted on a massive scale of elements: having left uranium salts on photographic plates in the confines from mines to sludge landfills, replacing whole villages in the process, accumulat- of his bureau drawer in anticipation of an experiment that was supposed to ing contaminated debris into waste dumps that resembled mountains. In some expose the plates to the “excitation of incident rays” of the sun, he realised cases, as Beleites shows, the radiating rubble of the slag heaps was later used that the salt had afected and exposed the photographic emulsions even in as building material for the foundations of streets, buildings, and playgrounds. darkness, leading him to investigate the invisible rays he had thus found. Two In his publication Pechblende, he notes how through dust, wind, sandstorms, years later, Curie discovered polonium and radium using pitchblende from leaking trucks, wastewater and ground water, rivers, grazing animals, and Thuringia. She named polonium after her native Poland, which, however, did not harvests, contaminated soil, water, and air is dispersed far and wide.3 exist as an independent country at the time: divided under Russian, German, Today, the landscapes whose glacial and colossal transformation residents and Austro-Hungarian rule, Curie was drawing attention to its disintegration. could witness for over thirty years have come to rest again. A gigantic efort Working with plants harvested from the Gessenwiese in Thuringia, back in her to “repatriate” contaminated matter, to “recultivate” the slag heaps of the darkened studio, Kriemann placed her crop on photosensitive paper, weighted former mines, is underway. But of course, the spreading and difusion of the the corners down with books that were at hand (issues of Camera Austria, polluted matter is unstoppable, entangled as it is with quite literally everything Afterall, and Texte zur Kunst, Jonathan Crary’s 24/7, and an Agatha Christie else. This book is Kriemann’s attempt to capture, expose, and harvest material novel), and exposed the photograms by using the LED flashlight of her smart from these sites, to bind it, and also to feed it into a new circuit of distribution. phone.2 For a brief instant, the rare earth minerals inside her mobile device Text, itself a medium of distribution, relies on time as its agent. Despite illuminated the harvested plants and their kindred elements, thereby exposing its configuration as an immutable accumulation of letters on a page, written the photosensitive paper. Produced by electricity generated from coal, from language is only intelligible through and in the time of its reader. Text makes nuclear and renewable sources, the discharge of the phone’s flash completes multiple claims toward temporalities: it exists both across time and within the 120 a Promethean loop that spans an epic transnational industrial circumference, moment it is read — and, in the case of fiction, it also looks to the temporal 121 w

4 Jean-Luc Nancy, Listening, trans. Charlotte Mandall (New York: Fordham University Press, 2007), 14. 5 William Henry Fox Talbot, The Pencil of Nature, (London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1844), 30.

space of its narrative diegesis, where the plotline is simultaneously immersive radioactive contamination. One possible explanation is that the carcinogenic and distinct from the reader’s, or the narrator’s present. efects of radiation cause mutations in organisms that make them vulnerable, Each copy of this publication comes with a special insert, pressed birch leaves diminishing their chances of survival. Only animals without mutations survive and perhaps a crow leaf, collected from Gessenwiese. How should these deli- and thrive in ecospheres deserted by humans. And in the wake of nuclear cate, preserved but disintegrating bodies be approached in the context of the fallout, plants become the archivists of contamination, their roots absorbing book? May they be read? As a rhetorical device, a diegetic token, or a breaking from and returning to the soil the radioactive particles. of the fourth wall? As a somewhat nostalgic memento of a bygone summer Can we think of text as a kind of soil? A humus gestating sordid growth, and a walk in nature? As a prop, as evidence, as a gift? Gift in German means bacteria and fungi digesting raw organic matter and regurgitating it as fertile poison. As a threat then? ground? What if this soil was contaminated, its crop hazardous, its dust full of By now you will suspect that Kriemann’s leaves harbour another, fiercer ionising radiation exposing pupils and respiratory tracts and concentrating in presence: the leaves will, in ways invisible and illegible to the human eye, con- thyroid glands? Reading assumes the proximity of a pair of eyes to the page tinue to emanate a kind of energy whose lifespan exists beyond any human and its matter. Reading is a prolonged exposure to text, a bodily leaning into dimension of time. These plants have absorbed not only an array of heavy serifs and punctuations, eyes wide to receive the reflected light. What else metals and rare earths, but also traces of caesium-137, uranium-235, and other have you ingested? Which cells have begun to modify, to turn against you, to radiating substances found in the contaminated soil of the uranium mining give up this life cycle in favour of the next: what will it hold? sites in the Ore Mountains. The leaves are radioactive. Kriemann’s harvest How long will it take species to develop a new sense that detects ionising thus reclaims nature in a way that feeds into a diferent circulation than those radiation? Will it be an evolution of an organ that already exists? Will its that came before: she produces forensic, symbolic, and iconic evidence of the development coincide with the complete depletion of fossil fuels? Can you, unseen hazards, evidence that is simultaneously melancholic and violent — a future beings, hear radiation? Can you smell it? See it? Taste it? Or have you vicious work, harnessing radioactivity as a radical agent that continues to emit formed a new sense altogether, one that we cannot imagine and you could not rays, entering the body of the viewer, the reader, the collector. describe to us now, those who lack the words and the nerves for that tingle. I assume, clumsily, that the “sound” of radiation would register to us like Exposure the auditory feedback of a Geiger counter, a crackling noise whose increas- ing frequency raises adrenaline levels. Jean-Luc Nancy describes hearing as The efects of radioactive contamination are cumulative and calculated on a contagion.4 Sound is the movement of air that sets the body in motion, that basis of time and intensity. Low levels of radiation, such as those of Kriemann’s spreads within the resonating body and cannot be contained or kept either herbarium, are harmless (some studies even suggest positive and stimulatory wholly inside or outside. In contrast, an ontology of radioactivity cannot be efects of low doses for organisms). The longer the exposure at higher levels written along the lines of contagion. Radioactivity instead must be understood lasts, the worse the damage. Rays and particles enter the body and damage as a phenomenon of contamination, decay, and transmutation. Imagining this the genome or disrupt cellular metabolic processes, causing mutations that can future human (?), evolved and adapted to new, ubiquitously elevated levels of become carcinogenic. Particles inhaled and retained in the body continue to radiation, her radio-sensory organ might react to a spectrum of wavelengths radiate from within, breaking chemical bonds, transmutating chromosomes. that is not visible now. Former inhabitants of towns in the vicinity of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear This more sophisticated eye (if it is an eye) might have gradually learned Power Plant are only allowed to return to their houses for thirty minutes to distinguish ultraviolet and then X- and gamma rays, evolving into Henry every few weeks. The lethal dose of polonium-210 that was administered to Fox Talbot’s dream of a camera that can record images in a darkened room,5 Alexander Litvinenko at the Millennium Hotel in London in 2006 was so high a revolutionary fantasy of vision that Kriemann, too, seems to have adopted. that aircraft, restaurants, and hotels were contaminated in the course of the Where her earlier autoradiographs employ photochemistry to render radiation assassination. visible in Talbot’s dark room, her zooming in on the vegetation of Gessenwiese In Chernobyl’s exclusion zone, wild elk, boar, and wolves roam today. It and Kanigsberg in the photographs reprinted here brings to mind a paranoid, 122 remains unclear why nature’s recovery is often so swift in areas with severe glitchy eye, straining to detect the plants’ invisible contamination. 123 w

6 Lutz Seiler, “The Territory of Tiredness,” in Susanne Kriemann, P(ech)B(lende) – Library for radioactive afterlife 7 Both quotations from Rob Nixon, “Neoliberalism, Slow Violence, and the Environmental Picaresque,” MFS Modern (Leipzig: Spector Books, 2016), 194–207, here 195. Fiction Studies 55, no. 3 (Fall 2009): 443–467, here 445.

What to do in Afterlife to arrest, to expose, to grasp the contamination of nature and the nature of contamination while embedded in the landscapes of Gessenwiese and Kanigs- After 1949, when the Soviet Union conducted its first nuclear weapons test berg speak to this quandary: what are we supposed to do with it? (First Lightning) at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan using Wismut’s Her photographs of shrubbery are, in a way, unspectacular, despite the uranium, the persisting escalation of the Cold War created an uncannily stable radicality of the transformations taking place both within plant cells and human condition of equilibrium, one that could only be perceived as a new permanent tissue penetrated by Wismut’s gift. Her work (and that includes book-mak- state. An ever-faster accumulation of nuclear arms set in motion a process of ing) attempts to come into contact with the drama of “unspectacular time,” endless radioactive fallout. Today, nuclear tests around the globe have left unobserved and unobservable, an “invisible, mutagenic theatre” that defies ubiquitous traces of radiation, markers of the advent of the Anthropocene. the rules of narrative.7 No closure, then, no bottom line, no smoking gun, no No life without entropy, no half-life without decay. catharsis. We are left trying to assume titanic eyes, pulling away to see the In the Soviet Union, the so-called Atomgrads, sealed cities in which nuclear drama unfolding over the ages, if we are not caught up in the tragedies of technology was assembled and tested, would appear on no ofcial map or street proximity, the tumours, the metastases, the nausea, the fatigue. Administered sign. In Thuringia and Saxony, villages disappeared or meandered in the wake in low doses and by way of the slow violence of mutation, there is death in of various mining endeavours, a gigantic sculptural exercise that could move life, and life in death. entire cities, create new landscapes, and mutate whole environments, thus upending any notion of Heimat (homeland) and accelerating tectonic events as if mankind had become titanic. But really, mankind had become tired in Wismut-Land. The miners were heavy with constant fatigue and solemnly lacked the words to describe their subterranean life unter Tage (literally “beneath the day”):

“People there, it was said, were apathetic and listless and they themselves even complained about their perennial fatigue and wondered about those strange moments when they were somehow absent. There was a heaviness there, which hung over everything: over the seemingly endless series of days in the courtyard, over the garden, in the labyrinth of the outbuilding of the half-dead, post-collectivization estate.”6

Today, their wives and widows inhabit the expensive houses aforded by their husbands’ diminished (half-)lives. An approximated 20,000 miners died of or sufered lung diseases from the efects of radiation and radioactive dust. Extended exposure to alpha radiation caused constant damage to the miners’ y-chromosomes: their ofspring were more often female than male. A gener- ation of nuclear women is the consequence of these cellular dramas, of their fathers’ necropolitical wagers and the transgressions of transnational extraction. The question remains: where should we look, what depth of field should we focus on, in the midst of entanglements that span such vast periods of time and are acted out indiscriminately across nation states as well as within cells, through the globalised neoliberal networks of distribution as well as by way of 124 river currents and the movements of clouds? Kriemann’s repeated attempts 125 126 127

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10943F 1988_0446 13610405 2003_0807 10411_B 137 139139 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** U-0156 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-0157 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-0158 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-0159 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-0642 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende, Wolframit U-0738 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende (Pulver) U-0763 Sayade Sachsen Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-0817 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-0818 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-0820 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-0878 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende, Pyrit U-0879 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-0995 Riesengebirge, Schmiedeberg Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1019 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1055 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1151 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1164 Eisleben Thüringen Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1165 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1166 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1168 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1170 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1174 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1176 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1177 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1178 Pribram, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1183 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1184 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1191 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende, gemahlen U-1215 Breitenbrunn Erzgebirge, Sachsen Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende, Uranotil U-1393 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende, Torbernit U-1437 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende, Uranocker U-1450 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende, Uranocker U-1466 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1478 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende U-1491 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München Pechblende Keine Pechblenden vorhanden Haus der Natur, Cismar M314 Vermutlich stammt es aus der Böhmen, Tschechien Mineraliensammlung Naturkundemuseum Uraninit Zeit des Naturwissenschaft- Reutingen lichen Vereins Reutlingen (1884- 1947) 1978_0111 128 Mechelgrün bei Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1978_0112 128 Mechelgrün bei Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1979_0544 131 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1980_0420 128 Bley Zobes bei Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 1982_0896 131 Oberschlema bei Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1985_0006 Grube Georg Wagsfort, Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1986_0180 129 Breitenbrunn bei Schwarzenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 141 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 1986_0181 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1986_0200 131 Schlema-Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1986_0202 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 1986_0203 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 1987_0415 131 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1987_0462 132 Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1987_0463 132 Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1987_0464 132 Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1987_1332 128 Zobes bei Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1988_0446 136 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1988_0591 136 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1989_0641 134 Paitzdorf bei Ronneburg Thüringen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1991_0354 128 Zobes bei Plauen Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1991_0355 128 Zobes bei Plauen Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1991_0356 Zobes bei Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1991_0357 128 Zobes bei Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1991_0358 128 Zobes bei Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1991_0550 133 Tagebau Mücke, Stolzenberg bei Ronneburg Thüringen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1991_0576 133 Tagebau Mücke, Stolzenberg bei Ronneburg Thüringen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1991_0603 133 Schacht 374 Reust, Ronneburg Thüringen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 1991_0606 133 Tagebau Mücke, Stolzenberg bei Ronneburg Thüringen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 1991_0611 133 Tagebau Mücke, Stolzenberg bei Ronneburg Thüringen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 1991_0657 Schacht 371, Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1993_0659 132 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1993_0660 132 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1993_0661 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1993_0662 132 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1993_0863 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1993_1025 240m - Sohle, Gang Kunnersbach, Pöhla bei Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit Schwarzenberg 1994_0590 132 Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1995_0237 130 Gang Schildbach, Pöhla bei Schwarzenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1995_0238 130 Gang Schildbach, Pöhla bei Schwarzenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1996_1188 130 Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1996_1189 130 Schacht 371, -1620m- Sohle, Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1996_5507 Steinbach bei Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 1996_5508 130 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 1997_0012 129 Abrahamschacht, Marienberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1998_0358 134 Paitzdorf bei Ronneburg Thüringen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1998_2054 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1999_0222 130 Schacht 371, Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1999_0497 135 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1999_0505 130 Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1999_0506 130 Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1999_0507 130 Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1999_0508 130 Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 1999_2017 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 143 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 1999_2106 135 Daniel Schacht, Daniel Flacher, Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2000_0320 133 Grube Georg Wagsfort, Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2000_3427 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Zobes bei Plauen, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2000_3430 Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Cleveit, Uraninit 2000_3431 Mai-Schacht, Tannenbergsthal bei Jägersgrün Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2002_0603 131 Schlema-Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7849 131 Grube Weißer Hirsch, 140 Lochterstrecke, Katharina Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit Schneeberg 2002_7850 131 Ritterschacht, Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7851 131 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7852 131 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7853 131 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7854 131 Grube Fürstenvertrag, Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7855 131 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7856 131 Adam Heber Flacher Schacht, Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7857 131 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7858 131 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7859 131 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7860 131 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7861 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7862 131 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7863 131 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7864 131 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7865 131 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7866 131 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7867 131 Schacht 16 (Silberbachtal) Oberschlema bei Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7868 131 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7869 131 Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7870 Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7871 132 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7872 132 Halde, Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7873 132 Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7874 132 Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7875 132 Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7876 132 Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7877 132 366, Gang Luppe - 810m unter Max Semmler, Aue- Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit Alberoda bei Schneeberg 2002_7878 Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7879 132 Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7880 132 Oberschlema bei Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_7881 132 Schacht 366 Gang Luppe - 810m unter Max Semmler, Aue- Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit Alberoda bei Schneeberg 2002_9456 129 94m-Sohle, Block 2306, Ort 6 aus VF 3 Süd, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit Leopoldishain bei Pirna 2002_9457 Breitenbrunn, bei Schwarzenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9458 129 Grube St. Christoph, Breitenbrunn bei Schwarzenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9459 129 Grube St. Christoph, Breitenbrunn bei Schwarzenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9460 129 Annaberg-Buchholz Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 145 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2002_9461 129 Abrahamschacht, Marienberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9462 129 Abrahamschacht, Marienberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9463 129 Abrahamschacht, Marienberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9464 129 Grube Himmelsfürst, Freiberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9465 129 Grube Beschert Glück, Richter Schacht u.a. Freiberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9466 129 Grube Berschert Glück, Richter Schacht u.a. Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9467 128 Mai-Schacht Halden, Schneckenstein bei Muldenberg Vogtland Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9468 Mai-Schacht Halden, Schneckenstein bei Muldenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9469 Mai-Schacht Halden, Schneckenstein bei Muldenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9470 130 Mai-Schacht Halden, Schneckenstein bei Muldenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9471 130 Mai-Schacht Halden, Schneckenstein bei Muldenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9472 128 Mai-Schacht Halden, Schneckenstein bei Muldenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9473 130 Grube Georg Wagsfort, Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9474 132 Grube Georg Wagsfort, Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9475 132 Schacht 354 (Zentralschacht) Zobes bei Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9476 132 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin 2002_9477 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9478 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9479 132 Grube Georg Wagsfort, Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9480 132 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9481 132 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9482 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9483 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9484 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9485 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9486 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9487 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9488 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9489 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9490 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9491 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9492 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9493 133 Steinbach bei Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9494 133 Steinbach bei Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9495 133 Steinbach bei Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9496 133 Steinbach, Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9497 133 Steinbach, Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9498 133 Steinbach bei Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9499 133 Steinbach, Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9500 133 Steinbach Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9551 132 Steinbach Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9552 133 Steinbach bei Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2002_9553 133 Steinbach Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2003_0307 130 Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2003_0308 130 Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2003_0309 130 Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 147 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2003_0310 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2003_0807 136 Zobes bei Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2004_0130 131 Riemer Spat, Freiberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2004_0139 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2004_0170 130 Maischacht, Schneckenstein bei Muldenberg Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2004_0174 129 Maischacht, Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2004_0196 130 Freiberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2004_0301 130 Maischacht, Schneckenstein bei Muldenberg Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2004_0304 130 Maischacht, Schneckenstein bei Muldenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2005_0018 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2005_0665 128 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2006_00535 129 Abraham Schacht, Lauta bei Marienberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2006_00536 129 Abraham Schacht, Lauta bei Marienberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2006_00583 131 Johannes Schacht, Wolkenstein bei Annaberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2006_00585 131 Abraham Schacht, 6. Sohle, Marienberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2007_00404 131 Schlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2007_00439 131 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2007_00446 130 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2007_00479 130 Adam-Heber- Flacher, Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2007_00526 129 Adam-Heber- Flacher, Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2007_07379 Schacht Reust, Ronneburg Thüringen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2008_00180 130 Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2008_03946 Werner Schacht, Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_03950 130 Oberschlema bei Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18935 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Zobes bei Plauen, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18936 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Zobes bei Plauen, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18937 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18938 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18939 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2008_18940 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18941 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18942 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18943 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18944 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18945 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18946 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18947 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18948 128 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18949 128 Halden bei Zobes, Zobes bei Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18950 128 Zobes bei Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18951 129 Halden bei Zobes, Plauen Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18952 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18953 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18954 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18955 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18956 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 149 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2008_18957 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18958 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18959 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_18960 129 Tirpersdorf bei Oelsnitz Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_19001 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_19002 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19003 134 Joachimsthal Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19004 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19005 134 Eliaszeche, Joacchimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19006 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19007 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2008_19008 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2008_19009 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19010 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19011 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19012 135 Edelleutstollen, Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19013 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19014 136 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19015 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19016 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19017 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19018 134 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19019 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19020 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19021 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2008_19022 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2008_19023 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19024 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19025 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19026 135 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_19027 136 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19028 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19029 136 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19030 Steinbach bei Johanngeorgenstadt Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19031 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19032 Steinbach bei Johanngeorgenstadt Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19033 136 Steinbach bei Johanngeorgenstadt Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19034 135 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19035 A B 135 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19036 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19037 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19038 135 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19039 135 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19040 135 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19041 Eliaszeche, Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2008_19042 Zwittermühl, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 151 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2008_19056 Slavkovice bei Pisek, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2008_19057 Slavkovice bei Pisek, Böhmen Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2009_00608 132 Niederschlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2009_00609 132 Niederschlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2009_01353 132 Halde Montanus. Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Cleveit, Uraninit 2009_01519 132 Niederschlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2010_0097 128 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Cleveit, Uraninit 2011_00497 Tellerhäuser, + 120m - Sohle, Pöhla bei Schwarzenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2011_00834 Schacht 38, -540m- Sohle unter MS, Gang Beryll, Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit Niederschlema bei Aue 2011_00942 Schacht 371, - 990m-Sohle unter MS, Gang Beryll, Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit Hartenstein bei Aue 2011_01053 Schacht 38, Niederschlema bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2012_02534 133 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uranpecherz, Uraninit 2012_02535 Schlema-Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2013_04453 131 Schlema-Hartenstein bei Aue Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Pechblende, Uraninit 2015_01507 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2015_01508 135 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2015_01509 135 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit 2015_01510 135 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Uraninit M103 126 Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uranpechblende M1191 126 Bösenbrunn, Spatgrube Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Pechblende mit sek. Uranmineralien, Uraninit M1402 126 St. Nepomuk, Joachimstal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uranpecherz M1436 Edelleut-Stollen, Joachimstal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uranpecherz mit Uran-kalk.Carbonat, Uranpecherz M14454 126 Schlema Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uraninit in Calcit M14455 126 Schlema Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uraninit mit Löllingit M14456 126 Schlema Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uraninit mit Claushalit in Dolomit M14457 127 Schlema Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uraninit mit Claushalit/Eukarit M14837ab 127 Spatgruben, Bösenbrunn, Vogtland, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Pechblende mit sek. Uranmineralen, Uraninit M175 127 Abrahamschacht, Lauta bei Marienberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Dichtes Gemenge und Proustit, Arsenkies u.a.in Baryt, Uraninit M5458 126 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uranpecherz mit Gummierz M5487 127 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Kupferuranit, Chalkolith M5527 127 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uraninit M5539 127 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Kupferuranit mit Zennerit M5565 127 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Chloanthit mit Speiskobalt und Ura- ninit, Uraninit / Rammelsbergit M5903 127 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uranotil mit Uranpecherz M5913 127 Steinbruch Roikelmann, Schwarzenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Kalkuranglimmer M6231 127 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uranpecherz M6371 127 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uraninit M6890 127 Annaberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Kalkuranglimmer im Glimmerschiefer und Uraninit, Autunit und Uraninit M8458 127 St. Johannis, Wolkenstein Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Silberglanz in Schwerspat mit Fuß- spat, Uraninit M8683 127 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uranpechblende mit Sekundärminerali- sation, Uranpecherz mit Chromocker 153 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** M8820 127 Annaberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Pechblende M8832 126 Scharfschacht, oberhalb Binge, Geyer Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uraninit M8839 127 Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uranpecherz M8841 126 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uranpecherz mit Uranocker M8844 127 Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uraninit M8854 Halde, Abrahamschacht, Lauta Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Gangstück mit Uranpecherz und Stinkspat, Uraninit M9066 126 Wismuthalde, Hartenstein Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Pechblende mit Bleiglanz und Kupfer- kies in Dolomit M9148 127 Frohnau bei Annaberg Constantin, Erzgebirge, Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uranocker, Gummit mit Pechblende / Sachsen Uraninit, Uranopilit M9149 126 Frohnau bei Annaberg, König David Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uranocker auf Hornstein, Uranopilit M9150 126 Frohnau bei Annaberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uranpecherz aus chloritisiertem Gneis, Uraninit M9151 127 Michaelis Erbstollen Frohnau bei Annaberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Urangrün mit Gips xx und Uranblü- te auf zersetztem Uranpecherz, Uranocalcit M9152 128 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Pechblende, in drei Teile zerbro- chen, Uraninit M9153 127 Raschau bei Schwarzenberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Uraninit mit Gummit, Pechblende M9154 127 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Pechblende, Uraninit M9155 128 Ehrenfriedersdorf, Sauberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz Pechblende, Uraninit 6072 BW Schmirchau Stadtpfeiler, Ronneburg Thüringen Museum für Naturkunde Gera Uraninit 6073 Tagebau Culmitzsch Nord, Culmitzsch bei Ronnebug Thüringen Museum für Naturkunde Gera Pyrit / Markasit, Uraninit 289 Von den beiden Stücken wie Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Naturhistorische Sammlungen, Museum Uraninit, Uranpecherz, Pechblende auch von den meisten anderen Wiesbaden derb, pechschwarz, glänzend dicht der ca. 10.000 Minerailen gibt es, durch Kriegsge- schehnisse bedingt, keine differenzierten Sammlungs- kataloge. 7500 Von den beiden Stücken wie Joachimsthal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Naturhistorische Sammlungen, Museum Uranophan gelbgrün, feinkristallin auch von den meisten anderen Wiesbaden auf schwarzem Uraninit, Uranpecherz, der ca. 10.000 Minerailen Pechblende gibt es, durch Kriegsge- schehnisse bedingt, keine differenzierten Sammlungs- kataloge. M 1989/457-GS Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz / Gummit (Verwitterungsprodukt von Landessammlung für Naturkunde Rhein- Uraninit) land-Pfalz M 1989/458-GS Joachimstal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz / Uraninit (Pechblende) Uranopilit Landessammlung für Naturkunde Rhein- land-Pfalz M 1989/459-GS Joachimstal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz / Uraninit (Pechblende) Landessammlung für Naturkunde Rhein- land-Pfalz M 1989/610-GS Gr. Fürstenvertrag Schneeberg-Neustädtel Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz / Liebigit auf Uraninit (Pechblende) Sachsen Landessammlung für Naturkunde Rhein- land-Pfalz 786 Die Stücke 786 -789 sind Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Naturkundemuseum Coburg Funde vor 1861 und sind bereits im “Verzeichnis der- Mineralien im Herzoglichen Naturaliencabinet” aufge- führt 4665 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Naturkundemuseum Coburg 155 Inventory No. Page Notes OriginOrigin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 4857 Joachimstal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Naturkundemuseum Coburg 4881 Joachimstal, Böhmen Tschechische Republik Naturkundemuseum Coburg 787 - 789 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Naturkundemuseum Coburg ohne No. Erzgebirge Naturkundemuseum Coburg Gekennzeichnet als “Erworben Schindlerschacht, Schneeberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Naturkundemuseum Leizpig Erythrin auf Hornstein, Skutterudit aus Privatbesitz” mit ged. Wismut Gekennzeichnet als “Erworben Tannenbergthal Vogtland, Sachsen Naturkundemuseum Leizpig Erythrin, Annabergit, Skutterudit aus Privatbesitz” mit ged. Wismut Gekennzeichnet als “Erworben Bergen, Streuberg Vogtland, Sachsen Naturkundemuseum Leizpig Uranociricit auf Granit aus Privatbesitz” Gekennzeichnet als “Erworben Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Naturkundemuseum Leizpig Uranociricit auf Hornstein aus Privatbesitz” Gekennzeichnet als “Erworben Urangrube unter- halb Schneckenstein Erzgebirge, Sachsen Naturkundemuseum Leizpig Uranociricit auf Hornstein aus Privatbesitz” Gekennzeichnet als “Erworben Annaberg Erzgebirge, Sachsen Naturkundemuseum Leizpig Rotnickelkies, Fluorit, Pyrit, Skut- aus Privatbesitz” terudit RE549.514.870 Johanngeorgenstadt, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Ruhr Museum Essen Uraninit A 0001/1 RE549.514.870 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Ruhr Museum Essen Uraninit A 0002 RE549.514.870 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Ruhr Museum Essen Uraninit (als symmetrischer Gang) A 0003 RE549.514.870 Joachimsthal, Böhmisches Erzgebirge Tschechische Republik Ruhr Museum Essen Uraninit A 0004 RE553.495.000 Johanngeorgenstadt Erzgebirge, Sachsen Ruhr Museum Essen Uraninit A 0003/1 bis 4 RE553.495.000 Grubenfeld Tellerhäuser, Pöhla Erzgebirge, Sachsen Ruhr Museum Essen Uraninit, Erythrin, Skutterudit und A 0155 gediegen Wismut RE553.495.000 Grubenfeld Tellerhäuser, Pöhla Erzgebirge, Sachsen Ruhr Museum Essen Uraninit und verschiedene sekundäre A 0169 Uran-Minerale RE553.495.000 Grubenfeld Tellerhäuser, Pöhla Erzgebirge, Sachsen Ruhr Museum Essen Fluorit, Torbernit, Uraninit A 0171 14357 135 vermutl. Schacht 371 SDAG Wismut, Niederschlema- Erzgebirge, Sachsen Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Uraninit Alberoda Görlitz Min 4261 Sa Fund vor 1764 Grube Segen Gottes am Voderen Fastenberg, Senckenberg Natur- historische Samm- Uraninit (MMG) Johanngeorgenstadt lung Dresden 2001 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Gummit, Quarz 2002 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Hämatit 2003 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Gummit, Horn- stein 2004 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Dolomit 2005 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Phyllit 2006 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Hornfels, Pechblende Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH 2007 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Gummit 2008 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Gummit, Rut- herfordin 2009 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Pyrit, Hämatit, dkl. Phyllit 2010 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Chloritisierter Phyllit, Uranocker, Gummit 2011 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Gummit 2012 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende 156 157 159 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2013 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Phyllit (gebleicht u. chloritisiert), Uranocker 2014 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Gummit 2015 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Dolomit 2016 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranocker, Gummit, Pechblende 2017 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, biconi-Arsenide, Dolo- mit, Chlorit 2018 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dkl. Phyllit, Gummit, Uranocker 2019 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Dolomit, Uranocker, Gum- mit, Malachit 2020 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Gummit 2021 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranocker, Gummit, etw. Pechblende, gelaugter Dolomit 2022 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Dolomit, et- was Pyrit 2023 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranocker, Gummit, Rutherfordin 2024 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Gummit 2025 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Gummit, Clarkeit und Uranophan 2026 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dkl. Phyllit, Uranocker, Rutherfor- din 2027 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Gummit und Uranocker 2028 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranocker, Gummit, dkl. Phyllit, etwas Pechblende 2029 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Phyllit 2030 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Gummit, Uranocker, Phyl- lit 2031 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Gummit 2032 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Hornstein 2033 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Gummit 2034 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Phyllit 2035 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Clarkeit mit Pechblende, Gummit und Bequerellit (?) 2036 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Hornstein, Pyrit 2037 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dkl. Phyllit, Quarz, wenig Uranocker und Pechblende 2038 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dkl. Phyllit, Quarz, wenig Pechblen- de 2039 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit hornsteinartigem Quarz; Rückseite: Uranopilit 2040 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Uranocker, Gummit, Quarz 2041 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dkl. Phyllit, Uranocker, Gummit, Quarz 2042 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Gummit 2043 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Clausthalit, Dolomit, Calcit 2044 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit, Hornstein, Glimmerfelsbrek- zie, Löllingit 2045 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Quarz, Pechblende, Baryt 2046 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit, Mg-Karbonate, ged. Arsen 2047 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Clausthalit, Gummit, Fluorit 161 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2048 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit-Ankerit mit Pechblende, Specularit, Fluorit (Stinkspat), Chalkopyrit und wenig Pyrit 2049 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit mit Pechblende und Chalko- pyrit 2050 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Quarz mit Pechblende, Pyrit, Calcit, Smaltin und Safflorit; Rückseite: Erythrin (Anschliff) 2051 Schlema Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Mg-Karbonat, Clausthalit, Pechblende 2052 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Mg-Karbonat, Co-Ni-Arsenide, ged. Arsen, ged. Silber 2058 Schlema Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Co-Ni-Arsenide, Gummit, Pechblende, Clausthalit 2059 Schlema Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende im Hornstein mit Quarz, Chalkopyrit und Dolomit-Ankerit 2060 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Ged. Wismut und Skutterudit mit Saff- lorit-Rammelsbergit, Pechblende und Erythrin 2061 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit, Nebengesteinsbrekzie 2062 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Clausthalit, Calcit 2063 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Fluorit (Stinkspat) mit Dolomit, Pechblende, Chalkopyrit, Specularit und Lepidokrokit 2064 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Rauchquarz mit Chloanthit, Pechblen- de, Hornstein und Pyrit, Anflüge von Erythrin und Annabergit 2065 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit mit Fluorit (Stinkspat), Pechblende, Quarz, Specularit und Lepidokrokit 2066 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit mit Pechblende, Clausthalit und hornsteinartigem Quarz 2067 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Kammquarz, Clausthalit, Pechblende, Calcit 2068 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Fluorit, Dolomit, Quarz und Pyrit 2069 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Ged. Wismut, Skutterudit und Pechblende mit Millerit, Siderit, Annabergit u. Erythrin (Bi-Co-Ni-U- Komplexerz) 2070 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Clausthalit, Chalkopyrit 2071 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Clausthalit, Co-Ni-Arse- nide 2072 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Chalkopyrit, Hämatit, Pechblende 2073 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Calcit und Dolomit 2074 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Calcit und Dolomit 2075 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Ged. Silber mit Argentit und ged. Arsen auf Dolomit, Annabergit-Anflug 2076 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit, Mg-Karb., Clausthalit, Fluo- rit, Galenit 2077 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Quarz mit Pechblende, Pyrit, Calcit und Safflorit 2078 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dkl. Phyllit, Hornstein, Pechblende, Mg-Karb., Fluorit, Selenide 2079 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Clausthalit, roten Mg- Karb. 163 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2080 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende und Dolomit mit Claust- halit, Cu-Seleniden, Chalkopyrit, Tennantit und Quarz 2081 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Fluorit (Stinkspat), Baryt, Chalko- pyrit, Quarz 2082 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Selenide, Mg-Karb., dkl. Phyllit 2083 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit, Co-Ni-Arsenide, ged. Wismut, Erythrin, Hornstein (Anschliff) 2084 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit-Ankerit, Pechblende, Specu- larit und Rauchquarz 2085 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit, Zinkblende, Malachit, Horn- fels 2086 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Skutterudit auf Kammquarz und Horn- stein, mit Chalkopyrit, Calcit und Anflügen von Erythrin und Annabergit; Rückseite: ged. Wismut 2087 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Dolomit und Co-Ni-Arse- nide 2088 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit, Calcit, Specularit, Nicke- lin, Proustit 2089 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit, Calcit, Specularit (klein- stückig) 2090 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranocker, Uranglimmer (Uranocir- cit), Gummit, Pechblende, Hämatit, Mangan, Pyrit, Diabas 2091 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende (sog. Blasenerz) mit et- was Calcit (typ. kku-Formation) 2092 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende (Blasenerz), Calcit 2093 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende (Blasenerz), Dolomit, Calcit 2094 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Clausthalit, Dolomit, Calcit Kupferkies 2095 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit, Pechblende, Calcit, Claust- halit, Chalkopyrit 2096 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit, Pechblende, Clausthalit, Chalkopyrit 2097 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Dolomit, Clausthalit, Calcit 2098 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Dolomit-Ankerit, Chalko- pyrit, Clausthalit, Pyrit 2099 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Gummit, Uranophan und Zeunerit 2100 Schlema Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Wismutocker und Pharmakolith auf ged. Wismut, Chloanthit, Pechblende und Quarz 2101 Johanngeorgenstadt Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Quarz mit Limonit, Uranschwärze, Torbernit, Zeunerit, häm. Nebenge- stein 2102 Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Quarz und Uranglimmer in mk. Granit 2103 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Fluorit (Stinkspat) mit Chalkopyrit auf Quarz und Hornstein 2104 Bergen, Vogtl. Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranocircit, Uranocker, Gummit 2105 Krunkelbachtal bei Menzenschwand/Schwarzwald Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Mischkristallen von Autunit-Torbernit und Limonit 165 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2106 Krunkelbachtal bei Menzenschwand/Schwarzwald Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Autunit und Autunit-Torbernit-Misch- kristalle mit Quarz und Pechblende 2107 Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit, Kammquarz, Pyrit 2108 Tirpersdorf Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Erythrin, Bieberit, Baryt und Quarz 2109 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit mit Pyrit und Chalkopyrit auf Dolomit-Ankerit, Löllingit, Spe- cularit, Lepidokrokit; Rückseite: Pechblende und Quarz 2110 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende in Hornstein, mit Uran- schwärze, Uranopilit, Chalkopyrit und Limonit 2111 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Fluorit und Chalkopyrit mit Pech- blende und honrsteinartigem Quarz 2112 Hämmerlein Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit mit Pechblende, Hämatit (z.T. als Specularit) mit Chalko- pyrit auf Magnetitskarn (schwach martitisiert) 2113 Hämmerlein Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende 2114 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit mit Fluorit (Stinkspat) und Pechblende in verskarntem Glimmer- schiefer 2115 Hämmerlein Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Fluorit (Stinkspat) mit Pechblende, Dolomit, Chalkopyrit und Racuquarz; NG: Amphibol-Sulfid-Skarn 2116 Hämmerlein Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Kammquarz und Fluorit (Stinkspat) mit Chalkopyrit, Calcit und Dolomit, wenig Pechblende 2117 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Hornstein und Quarz mit Pechblende, Dolomit-Ankerit und Chalkopyrit 2118 Hämmerlein Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Fluorit (Stinkspat), Quarz, Calcit, Bornit und Pyrit im Skarn 2119 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Dolomit 2120 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Chalkopyrit mit Calcit auf Dolo- mit-Ankerit und Pechblende 2121 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende (blasig) mit Calcit 2122 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Fluorit und hornsteinar- tiger Quarz 2123 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit mit Pechblende und Seleniden (Clausthalit und Naumannit) 2124 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH biconi-Gang 2125 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dyskrasit und Allargentum mit Löl- lingit, Pechblende und Hornstein in Dolomit-Ankerit 2126 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, z.T. blasig, Claustha- lit, Dolomit 2127 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, z.T. blasig, Claustha- lit, Dolomit, Chalkopyrit 2128 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Selenide, Dolomit, Chal- kopyrit, Fluorit 2129 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Chalkopyrit mit Pechblende und Cal- cit auf Kammquarz und Dolomit 2130 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende in Dolomit mit Chalkopy- rit, Tennantit, Pyrit und Lepido- krokit 167 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2131 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Clausthalit mit Pechblende und Lepi- dokrokit in Dolomit auf Kammquarz 2132 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Dolomit, Quarz und Calcit 2133 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Clausthalit mit Cu-Seleniden und Pechblende in Dolomit, aufgewachsen auf Kammquarz 2134 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Kammquarz, Hornstein, Chalkopyrit und Umangit (?) in Do- lomit 2135 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Ged. Wismut, Pechblende, Uranocker, Diarsenide mit hornsteinähnlichem Quarz 2136 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Hornstein, Quarz (Rauchquarz), Dolomit-Ankerit, ged. Wismut, Safflorit-Rammelsbergit, Chalkopyrit, Sphalerit und Markasit 2137 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranschwärze und Markasit auf Dolo- mit; Rückseite: Pechblende, Chalko- pyrit, Lepidokrokit 2138 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Chloanthit mit Pechblende, Baryt, Dolomit, Quarz, Chalkopyrit, Specu- larit und Annabergit 2139 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Skutterudit mit Pechblende und Pyrit in Quarz und Hornstein; Dolomit-An- kerit, Erythrin und Pharmakolith 2140 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende (blasig), Clausthalit, Dolomit, Chalkopyrit 2141 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Fluorit mit Pechblende und Sulfiden (Chalkopyrit, Pyrit), Clausthalit, Dolomit und Quarz 2142 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Dolomit und Claust- halit (Rückseite: Chalkopyrit und Tennantit 2143 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit mit Pechblende, hornstein- artiger Quarz, Pyrit, Chalkopyrit, Fluorit, Specularit und Lepidokrokit 2144 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende 2145 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Fluorit, Markasit und Calcit 2146 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende 2147 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Dolomit, Fluorit (Stinkspat), Hornstein und Chalko- pyrit 2148 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Quarz, Hornstein, Fluorit, Chalkopyrit, Pyrit und Galenit 2149 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Fluorit und Claust- halit auf Quarz und Hornstein (mit Pyrit, Chalkopyrit und Markasit) 2150 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Calcit, Fluorit (Stinkspat), Chalkopyrit, Dolomit und etwas Clausthalit 2151 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Calcit in Metadiabas 2152 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Calcit 2153 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Selenide, Calcit, Dolo- mit, Pyrit 169 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2154 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende (blasig) und Calcit 2155 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit-Pechblende-Trümer mit Claus- thalit 2156 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Fluorit (Stinkspat) mit Calcit, Dolomit und Specularit; Rückseite: Chalkopyrit 2157 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranschwärze mit Fluorit auf Calcit 2158 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranschwärze mit Fluorit, Uranglim- mer, Calcit 2159 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit mit Pyrit und etwas Pechblen- de 2160 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit-Trümer mit Sulfiden 2161 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Selenide, Calcitmit Sul- fiden, Baryt, Fluorit und Diarsenide 2162 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit, Fluorit, Pechblende, Sulfide und Dolomit 2163 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Fluorit, Calcit, Baryt in gebänder- tem Diabas 2164 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Fluorit, Sulfiden und Calcit 2165 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Calcit 2166 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Calcit, Dolomit, Sulfide und Selenide 2167 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende auf Co-Ni-Arseniden mit Chalkopyrit und Markasit auf Dolomit 2168 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Fluorit (Stinkspat), Dolomit, Quarz und Markasit 2169 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Dolomit, Quarz, Spe- cularit und wenig Pyrit-Markasit 2170 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Safflorit-Rammelsber- git-Säumen, Skutterudit und Chalko- pyrit in Dolomit und Dolomit-Ankerit 2171 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Fluorit, Chalkopyrit, Dolomit und Clausthalit 2172 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Calcit, Kammquarz und Pyrit 2173 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit mit Hornstein, Kammquarz, Pechblende, Lepidokrokit, Specularit und Chalkopyrit 2174 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende auf Kammquarz mit Calcit, Chalkopyrit und Lepidokrokit, (Spu- ren von Siderit und Erythrin) 2175 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Dolomit und Chalkopy- rit in Hornstein 2176 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Ged. Wismut mit Hornstein, Quarz, Dolomit-Ankerit, Fluorit, Safflo- rit-Rammelsbergit und Chalkopyrit 2177 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Fluorit mit Pechblende und Sulfiden 2178 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Dolomit, Calcit, Seleni- de, Sulfide 2179 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Dolomit, Calcit, Seleni- de,Sulfide 2180 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Calcit, Quarz 2181 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Calcit 2182 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende 171 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2183 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Calcit 2184 Fällbach Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit mit Fluorit (Stinkspat), Specularit, Quarz, ged. Arsen und Chalkopyrit 2185 Fällbach Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit mit Fluorit, Uranschwärze und Chalkopyrit 2186 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Pyrit 2187 Hämmerlein Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit mit Fluorit, Pechblende, Quarz, z.T. als Kammquarz, Chalkopy- rit und Pyrit 2188 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Galenit, Calcit und Kammquarz 2189 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Skutterudit mit Safflorit-Rammelsber- git, Chalkopyrit, wenig Pechblende und Lepidokrokit in Dolomit 2190 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Dolomit, Clausthalit und Lepidokrokit 2191 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Markasit, Calcit, Dolomit-Ankerit 2192 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit (skalenoedrisch) mit Mar- kasit, Uranschwärze, Dolomit und Uranocker (wenig Chalkopyrit) 2193 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende in Dolomit mit Quarz, Chalkopyrit und Calcit 2194 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Siderit, Pyrit, Markasit auf Dolomit mit Uranschwärze 2195 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Quarz und Dolomit etwas Chalkopyrit 2196 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Skutterudit mit Pechblende, ged. Wismut und Chalkopyrit in Dolomit und Siderit 2197 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Dolomit mit Harnischfläche, Pechblen- de und Chalkopyrit 2198 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Löllingit mit ged. Arsen und Pech- blende, Dolomit-Ankerit, Hornstein und Chalkopyrit (und Fluorit) 2199 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Skutterudit mit Siderit und Pech- blende in Dolomit, Chalkopyrit und Lepidokrokit 2200 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Calcit, Dolomit, Clausthalit und Hämatit 2201 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Clausthalit, Dolomit, Hornstein, Kammquarz, Calcit, Häma- tit und Chalkopyrit 2202 Ronneburg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranschwärze mit Autunit, Zippeit, Jarosit und Gips 2203 Ronneburg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranschwärze mit Autunit,Gips und Jarosit 2204 Tellerhäuser Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Fluorit (Stinkspat) mit Baryt auf Kammquarz 2205 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Dolomit, Quarz und Hornstein, wenig Pyrit und Chalko- pyrit 2206 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Calcit, Kammquarz, Hornstein, Dolomit und Lepidokrokit 173 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2207 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Hornstein, Calcit, Kammquarz, Lepidokrokit und Dolomit, wenig Pyrit und Chalkopyrit 2208 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Arsenide, Clausthalit, Dolomit, Pyrit 2209 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende (matt/rußig), Claustha- lit, Dolomit, Sulfide 2210 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, Clausthalit in Calcit mit Sulfiden 2211 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Dolomit und Chalkopy- rit und Galenit 2212 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende, z.T. blasig, mit Dolomit und Chalkopyrit 2213 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende (blasig) mit Calcit 2214 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Dolomit, Chalkopyrit und Cu-Seleniden 2215 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Calcit und Quarz 2216 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mitDolomit, Quarz und Pyrit 2217 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Calcit, Fluorit, Spe- cularit und Chalkopyrit 2218 Zobes Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Hämatit und Kammquarz auf sulfidführendem Schiefer 2219 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Fluorit (Stinkspat), Dolomit, Specu- larit und Pechblende 2220 Bergen/Vogtl. Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Autunit mit Quarz und Limonit auf Granit 2221 Schneckenstein Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Kammquarz und Pyrit 2222 Südafrikanische Republik Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Quarzkonglomerat, pyritführend, mit Gold und Uran 2223 Freital-Gittersee Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Steinkohle, uranführend 2224 Königstein Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Autunit-Imprägnation im Sandstein mit Limonit 2225 Wermsdorf NW-Sa. Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranschwärze auf Liparit 2226 Johanngeorgenstadt Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Uranopilit 2227 Zobes Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranophan und Pechblende auf Quarz 2228 Johanngeorgenstadt Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende auf Calcit mit Hämatit 2229 Antonsthal Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Gangtrümer mit Quarz, Pechblende, Calcit und Hämatit in Skarn 2230 Johanngeorgenstadt Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende Dolomit und Hämatit 2231 Goiania, Brasilien Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Torbernit 2232 Evje, Norwegen Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Euxenit 2233 Aufbereitungsbetrieb Crossen Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Ammoniumdiuranat (Yellow Cake) 2234 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Torbernit mit Quarz und Hämatit 2235 Maximilianshütte Sulzbach-Rosenberg 1956 Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Medaillen aus Uran-Metall "Erstes deutsches Uran von Weissenstadt im Fichtelgebirge","Erstes deutsches Uran aus Weissenstadter Torber- nit-Erz " 2236 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranocircit mit Uranocker 2237 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Curit und weitere secundäre Uranmi- nerale 175 Inventory No. Page Notes Origin Regional Unit Collection Designation ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 2238 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Safflorit als Saum ausgelaug- ter Silberdendriten, mit Nicke- lin (dendritisch), z.T. umkrustet von Rammelsbergit, mit Skutterudit (zonar), wenig Pechblende, Markasit und Quarz, sekundär Erythrin und Annabergit 2239 Schneeberg Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranpechblende 2240 Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Yellow Cake (Flasche) 2241 Schlema-Alberoda (vermutl.) Skutterudit mit Pechblen- Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH desaum, Markasit, ged. Wismut, Quarz und Calcit, dazu Erythrinanflug und Gips 2242 Johanngeorgenstadt Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Meta-Vanmeerscheit (?) mit Autunit 2243 Johanngeorgenstadt Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Autunit mit Meta-Vanmeerscheit 2244 Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Uranocker 2245 Schlema-Alberoda Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranglimmer (Torbernit-Zeunerit) mit Limonit auf Metadiabas 2246 Bergen Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Uranocircit 10402 240 m-Sohle, Block 835-2 Revier Reust Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit-Pechblende-Trümer, Kluftvererzung im Lederschiefer 10403 Ort 809-1/1 bei 49 m Revier Schmirchau Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Calcit-Pechblende-Trümer und Imprägnationsvererzung im gebleich- ten, hämatitisiertem Lederschiefer 10404 Ort 816-1/1 bei 49m, NE-Stoß, Höhe 1 m, Revier Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende zementiert eine Brekzie Schmirchau von hämatitisiertem Lederschiefer 10405 240 m-Sohle, F-Str. 801-1 bei 19,5 m Revier Schmirchau Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Imprägnationsvererzung im Lederschiefer, z.T. gebleicht und hämatitisiert 10406 600 m-Sohle, Schrapperstrecke, Hochbrechen bei 24 m Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Karbonat-Pyrit-Plechblendetrümer Revier Drosen 10411 Ort 858-N bei 353 m Revier Schmirchau Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Pechblende mit Calcit und Markasit als Zement einer Lederschiefer- brekzie 8507F Tagebau Culmitzsch Nord, Culmitzsch Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH/ Baumstamm verkieselt durch Quarz, Leihgabe der Bergakademie Freiberg Pyrit und Pechblende 10408 Schacht 367, 150-m-Sohle, Str. 513-2 Revier Schmirchau Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH Disperse Pechblende um Kalkknollen im Ockerkalk 10941F Sohle +217 m, Block 40a, Gang „Alex“, Zobes Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH/ Fluorit (Stinkspat), Quarz, Dolo- Leihgabe der Bergakademie Freiberg mit, Baryt, Pechblende, Pyrit und Chalkopyrit 10943F Schacht 277, Sohle -23 m, Qu. 410S, Gang „71“, Zobes Lagerstättensammlung der Wismut GmbH/ Curit, Clarkeit und Soddyit mit Leihgabe der Bergakademie Freiberg Hydro nasturan und Pechblende- Relikten The return of the inaccessible as monster Hartmut Rosa Excerpts from Unverfugbarkeit (Inaccessibility) (Salzburg: Residenz Verlag, 2018).

In many respects, the late modern lifeworld is becoming more and more inac- cessible, inscrutable, and insecure. In efect, this means that inaccessibility, as concerns life practices, is returning—albeit in mutated and frightening form—like a self-created monster.

[…]

Yet, technical complexity is not the only thing that generates practical inaccessi- bility; the same is accomplished by the complexity and speed of social processes that produce inaccessibility, especially with regard to the shaping of the future.

[…]

Fear arises as a result because in spite of the unpredictability and uncontrollability of the circumstances, one is held responsible for the outcome, because one could have, or even should have, known it or seen it coming. Here principal accessibility transforms practical inaccessibility into a threatening “monster,” as monsters are threats that, though they lurk around every corner, we still cannot see and cannot make accessible.

177 Monsters as such arise anyplace where, in the wake of life’s “digitization,” more […] and more processes and relations are made parametically visible, that is, accessible in the first dimension: these processes make us aware of more and more bodily If making the world accessible means making it calculable and controllable, then parameters (body mass index, blood pressure, pulse, blood sugar level, serotonin, today’s sociopolitical world is becoming more and more inaccessible at breath- melatonin, etc.), whose respective values we can also influence—without, how- taking speed. ever, having them at our command. What’s more, we receive more and more “parameterized” information about the contents of a wide array of foodstufs, as The program of making the world accessible threatens, in the end, to engender well as the reciprocal efects of these substances on our bodily parameters. This a radical inaccessibility which is categorically diferent and worse than the orig- information, however, is highly contradictory and puzzling, which efectively inal inaccessibility, because we experience no self-efciency in the face of it and means that many people are becoming more and more insecure with regard to are not able to enter into any relation of answerability, of adaptability, with it. the question of how and when they should or should not eat. Everyday practical Nothing is able to symbolize this paradoxical inversion more impressively than activities like cooking and eating, and further, birthing and raising children, and the project of nuclear power. With the development of the technical capability even sleeping and walking, or heating and ventilating, or petting and loving—all to split atomic nuclei and harness the energy set free by this process, modernity of which we had safely at our command for centuries and which were a steady rose to a higher pinnacle of the making-accessible of matter; with radionuclide source of self-efcient relation to the world—have suddenly become occasions generation capability, modernity brought matter’s internal principle of movement, for experiencing great insecurity and powerlessness. Our own everyday lives are its “core,” within our reach and thereby attained a world-generating character. seemingly becoming practically inaccessible, and none of the experts who appear The utopian and optimistic expectations of the early atomic age speak for them- to be the very keepers of “principal” accessibility are in any position to give at selves. As Susan Boos notes, reflecting on the words of Robert Oppenheimer: least the impression of exercising dominance through computation. Even still, this does not mean that the enhancement of (technical) global reach enhances our The scientists were […] enlivened by the idea of locking horns with cre- self-efciency; on the contrary, it undermines it. We experience ourselves as pow- ation. “The interior of an exploding fission bomb is, so far as we know, a erless or guilty in an irresponsive world. Information about our bodies no longer place without parallel elsewhere. It is hotter than the center of the sun; gives us attunement to our own bodies (for they are categorically inaccessible, it is filled with matter that does not normally occur in nature […]. In the even though they are highly responsive); rather, the parameters of medicine crudest, simplest sense, it is quite true that in atomic weapons man has and technology confront us as external data, albeit data with which we have no created novelty….” 1 “internal” sentient relation. Our own body becomes practically inaccessible to us. Today, seven decades after Oppenheimer’s euphoria, one need not mention that […]

Moreover, the impression of a world becoming politically more and more inac- 1 Susan Boos, Beherrschtes Entsetzen: Das Leben in der Ukraine zehn Jahre nach Tschernobyl (Zurich: Rotpunktverlag, cessible is sharpened by the uncontrollable momentum of the media and social 1996), 108, quoting Robert Oppenheimer, “The New Weapon: The Turn of the Screw,” in H. H. Arnold et al., One World Or None: A Report to the Public on the Full Meaning of the Atomic Bomb (New York: McGraw Hill, 1947), 62. networks, which are, in a matter of seconds, capable of unleashing undreamt-of I owe this quotation to Martin Repohl, whose brilliant master’s thesis, Die Weltkatastrophe. Materielle Weltbeziehung waves of outrage or enthusiasm with gargantuan consequences that are unfore- und Weltverlust am Beispiel der Atomkatastrophe von Tschernobyl. Ein Beitrag zur materiellen Fundierung der Resonanzthe- orie (University of Jena, 2018), gave me the idea to interpret nuclear power in this way. [See also Martin Repohl, seeable and uncontrollable with regard to their upswell and subsidence as well Tschernobyl als Weltkatastrophe: Weltbeziehung in einer kontaminierten Welt. Ein Beitrag zur materiellen Fundierung der as their reciprocal efects. Resonanztheorie (Baden-Baden: Tectum, 2019).]

178 179 this “empowerment” of matter, this radicalization of making-accessible has spawned the most heinous and threatening monster ever known—the demon of nuclear radiation. 2 This monster is monstrous in several regards: first, because unleashed radioactivity, as in Chernobyl or Fukushima, cannot ultimately be contained or controlled—we can, at best, attempt to “bury” it and thereby stem the radioactive tide, a challenge which hardly has a chance at enduring the millennia required for its success. Radioactivity has proven to be the perhaps most inaccessible coun- terpart humankind has ever faced. Secondly, nuclear radiation undermines our self-efciency more radically than every other known threat because it cannot simply be grasped by our senses: it is monstrous because it is inaudible, invisible, unsmellable, impalpable, which, as Martin Repohl shows, categorically alters our relation to the world even in situations where no radioactivity lurks, for we can no longer look at any slice of the world—a bit of landscape, a flower, or an apple—and see or observe whether it is toxic and deadly, or harmless and attrac- tive. It is wholly impossible to enter into an adaptive relation of resonance with radioactivity, as adaptation here would be deadly, and self-efciency impossible.

Therein, however, is concentrated our core insight, as if in a burning glass: inac- cessibility that originates in processes of making-accessible engenders radical alienation. The modern program of enhancing global reach, which has transformed the world into a cluster of points of aggression, therefore generates the fear of both the hushing of the world and the loss of the world, two-fold: there, where “everything is accessible,” the world has nothing to say to us, and there, where it has become inaccessible to us in a new way, we can no longer hear it, because it is no longer reachable.

2 For the idea of monsters born from the spirit of modernity, see also Bruno Latour, We Have Never Been Modern, trans. Catherine Porter (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993).

180 B i o g r a p h i e s Acknowledgements

Alix Bouteleux is a graphic designer based in Brussels, Belgium. She tian Eskildsen) premiered in the Glyptothek of Copenhagen in 2018. Many thanks to: Frank Weißflog, visitors‘ mine Zinnkammern Page 26 Niederlassung Ronneburg (Beerwalde), runs the studio Club Koraal together with her partner Thomas Schoofs. For an opera by Henrik Strindberg and Sofia Jernberg premiering at Pöhla e.V. in Schwarzenberg and the former Halde Beerwalde, 1999/2000 The design practice of Club Koraal operates in the cultural field with the Royal Opera in Copenhagen in November 2019, Rinne wrote the Aleksander Komarov, Alexander Booth, Alix uranium miners of Wismut SDAG for their faith- Page 27 Niederlassung Ronneburg (Seel- clients like NTGent, KVS-Brussels, de Munt/La Monnaie, Theater Natio- libretto Trial&Eros. Rinne is a laureate of the Prix littéraire Bernard Bouteleux, Anna Löwenhaupt Tsing, Andrea ful recapitulations of their working conditions ingstädt), IAA Culmitzsch, 1999/2000 nale Brussels, Kunsthalle der Sparkasse Leipzig, Fotohof edition Salzburg Heidsieck–Centre Pompidou 2019. Bölling, Anja Dorn, Astrid Kirchhof, Beat Unter Tage. Page 28 Niederlassung Ronneburg and various individual artists. Apart from her artistic and design practice, Raeber, Bergit Arends, Brian Edlefsen Lasch, (Schmirchau), Aufstandsfläche Gessenhalde, Alix Bouteleux teaches graphic design at Sint Lucas Antwerp. Cassandra Edlefsen Lasch, Catharina Grözinger, Hermann Meinel, Museum Uranium Mining Nordhalde, Tagebau Lichtenberg, 1999/2000 at Kulturhaus Aktivist, Bad Schlema, for his vital Page 29 Niederlassung Ronneburg Eva Wilson is a writer and curator based in London who is currently Christina Landbrecht, Cia Rinne, Donna narrations of recent histories of uranium mining (Schmirchau), Absetzerhalde, 1999/2000 working on a doctorate thesis at Freie Universität Berlin, researching Harraway, Eva Wilson, Grit Ruhland, Hartmut in Erzgebirge and its afterlife. Page 30 Niederlassung Ronneburg Bergit Arends is a curator and researcher, creating and studying the concept of virtuality and the virtual image in the 19th century. She Rosa, Heike Mertens, Heike Weber, Isabelle Busch, Jan Wenzel, Jef Khonsary, Lutz Seiler, (Schmirchau), Absetzerhalde, Tagebau Lichten- interdisciplinary curatorial and artistic processes, currently focusing on was part of the editorial team of documenta 14 in Kassel and Athens, Martin Schwander, Matthias von Stenglin, Mika Michael Beleites and his publication Pechblende, berg, 1999/2000 environment and visual art. She has published in Interdisciplinary Science director of Schinkel Pavillon Berlin, and curator at Thyssen-Bornemisza Schwarz, Radim Peško, Siegrid Engelhardt, 1988. Reviews, Botanical drift: protagonists of the invasive herbarium (Berlin: Art Contemporary (TBA21), Vienna. She has published widely, and, Thomas Schoofs, Wilfried Lentz, Marcel Su and Pages 115–125 an earlier version of Eva Sternberg Press, 2018), and on decolonising natural history museums together with Adam Gibbons, is commissioning editor of the book series Vito Su Komarov, Eva and Hermann Kriemann. The curators and exhibition organizers who Wilson’s text “Exclusion Zones” appeared in (London: Routledge, forthcoming) and on plants in artistic practices “ ” (quotation mark quotation mark, published by NERO, Rome), which exhibited my work in rich contexts during the Supplement 2, ed. Jef Khonsary (Vancouver: Fil- (Berlin: JOVIS, forthcoming). Her thesis Contemporary Art, Archives looks at the forms and roles of publishing as and within artists’ practices. making of this publication, including: Anthony ip, 2017) and is reprinted here with enthusiasm and Environmental Change in the Age of the Anthropocene (2017) resulted, Gratitude and acknowledgement to: Huberman, Leila Grothe, and Kim Nguyen, and support. among other, in the award-winning publication Chrystel Lebas. Field stud- hosting my solo show Canopy, canopy at CCA ies: walking through landscapes and archives (Amsterdam: Fw:Books, 2018). Grit Ruhland is Ph.D. candidate at Bauhaus University Weimar, Thorsten Schäfer and Arno Märten, Daniel Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts, San Page 156 Susanne Kriemann/Axel Hiller, She curated many contemporary art projects for natural history muse- researching the impacts of uranium mining on the landscape of East- Mirgorodsky, Dietrich Berger, Georg Büchel, Francisco, May 31–July 28, 2018; Anne König, autoradiography of Sample 10404, Sammlung ums in London and Berlin (Kunst/Natur, Braus, 2019). Most recently, Germany. Her conceptual art practice involves projects within Commu- Katja Nebelung, Markus Riefenstahl, Applied Jan Wenzel, and Daniel Niggeman for Broken Hartenstein, Wismut GmbH she was in the Research Department at Tate and is now British nity Arts, Public Art, Sound Art, and interaction with scientific institutes Geology, Institute of Geosciences, and Erika Bonds, Festival for Photography f-stop Leipzig, Page 157, Susanne Kriemann/Axel Hiller, Academy Post-doctoral Research Fellow at University of Bristol. and topics, touching on the key terms cognition, space, technology, Kothe, Institute of Microbiology, at Friedrich June 23–July 1, 2018; Florian Wüst, Kathrin autoradiography of Sample 10411, Sammlung landscape, and participation. She holds a degree in Fine Arts from the Schiller University Jena, for walking with me Grotz, Silvan Linden, Sandra Bartoli, and Julia Hartenstein, Wismut GmbH Hochschule für Bildende Künste Dresden and has taught in the Faculty around Kanigsberg and Gessenwiese and for Herfurth for Licht, Luft, Scheiße: Perspektiven Cassandra Edlefsen Lasch is a curator, editor, and writer based in of Architecture at the University of Wuppertal, and within Spatial Prac- generously sharing their complex knowledge auf Ökologie und Moderne, Botanisches Museum, Pages 177–180 translated excerpts from Berlin, focused on the role of the editorial—processes of rereading— tice at the Institute for Music & Art Pedagogy, University of Dresden. and experience. nGbK, Prinzessinnengärten, Berlin, August the chapter “The Return of the Inaccessible 16–October 27, 2019; Lisa Rosendahl, Lisa as Monster” from Hartmut Rosa’s publication within artistic practice at large and at length. She holds an M.Litt. in Since 2018 she is part of the Nuclear Culture Research Group, connect- Rosendahl, Ola Carson, and the team of Part Unverfügbarkeit (Salzburg: Residenz Verlag, Contemporary Art History from the University of Glasgow and has ed through Goldsmiths University of London and Arts Catalyst, London. Ralf-Thomas Schmitt, Museum für of the Labyrinth, GIBCA Göteborg International 2018) are reprinted here with kind permission managed global publications with Hatje Cantz, served as Founding Editor Naturkunde Berlin, for taking time to position the 540 primary pitchblende specimens of the Biennial for Contemporary Art, September of the author. at PRAXES Center for Contemporary Art in Berlin and within Bergen collection so that I could capture each of them. 7–November 17, 2019; Anja Dorn, and the Assembly 2016, and liaisoned on behalf of international artists with the Hartmut Rosa is director of the Max-Weber-Center/Institute for team of Vom Leben in Industrielandschaften – gallery neugerriemschneider. Her publication homecomings 1, 2, 3, etc. advanced study at Erfurt University and Chair of Sociology and Social The curators of the collections of natural Eine fotografische Bestandsaufnahme, Leop- (Berlin: Archive Books, 2018) culminates a co-curated exhibition and Theory at Friedrich Schiller University, Germany. He has been a visiting history who shared their lists of pitchblende old-Hoesch-Museum and Papiermuseum Düren, symposium series focused on returns within artistic practice. professor at the New School for Social Research in New York and at samples so generously, including: Erwin Geiß, October 27, 2019–February 16, 2020. As editor of this publication, she claims a degree of authority on the the FMSH/EHESS in Paris and holds an honorary doctorate from the Geowissenschaftliche Sammlung München; topic of nuclear radiation by way of happenstance. She grew up not 40 University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht. He is author of the books Axel Hiller, Lagerstättensammlung der km (ca. 25 mi) due east of the Hanford Site, the decommissioned nuclear Social Acceleration. A New Theory of Modernity (2013) and Resonance. A Wismut GmbH; Thorid Zierold, Museum Credits: production complex that supplied the plutonium for Fat Man as well as Sociology of Our Relationship to the world (2019) and has been Co-Editor of für Naturkunde Chemnitz; Frank Hrouda, the majority of the U.S. nuclear arsenal. It remains an active nuclear the journal Time & Society from 2008-2018. Museum für Naturkunde Gera; Rüdiger Pages 17–30 © Wismut Archive power plant and research facility as well as the most contaminated site of Wandke, Naturhistorische Sammlungen, Page 17 Niederlassung Aue (Schlema-Alberoda), radioactivity in the United States. She remembers summertime boating Museum Wiesbaden; Herbert Lutz, Naturhis- Halde 38 neu, Schacht 382, 1999/2000 along the Hanford Reach, picking fruit fresh of the branches of riverside Susanne Kriemann is an artist based in Berlin and professor at Karl- torischen Museum Mainz / Landessammlung für Page 18 Niederlassung Aue (Schlema-Alberoda), orchards, the taste of hot sweet cherries, sun reflecting of the water. sruhe University of Arts and Design. Kriemann’s practice investigates Naturkunde Rheinland-Pfalz; Eckhard Mönnig, Halde 366, 1999/2000 the medium of photography in the context of social history and archival Naturkunde-Museum Coburg; Roland Stratz, Page 19 Niederlassung Aue (Schlema-Alberoda), practice. With an extended notion of the photographic document, she Naturkundemuseum Leipzig; Barbara Kar- Damm Absetzbecken Borbachtal, Halde Schacht Cia Rinne is a poet, author, and artist living in Berlin. Born in has most recently reflected on the world as an analogue recording watzki, Naturkundemuseum Reutlingen; Ulrike 382, 1999/2000 Page 20 Niederlassung Ronneburg (Beerwalde), Gothenburg, she grew up in Germany and studied philosophy and system for human-caused processes. This has unfolded into preoccupa- Stottrop, Ruhr Museum Essen; Klaus Thalheim, Halde Beerwalde, 1999/2000 languages in Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Athens. Her multilingual minimalist tions with radioactivity and micro-plastics, extending her long-standing Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz. Page 21 Niederlassung Ronneburg (Beerwalde), texts play with the phonetic shifts of meaning between languages and research interests in archaeology and landmarks. Halde Beerwalde, 1999/2000 reduce complex philosophical and linguistic questions to tonal sequences. Besides having exhibited her work internationally in cities including Ba- Michael Paul and Wismut GmbH, especially Axel Hiller for helping with autoradiography Page 22 Niederlassung Ronneburg (Beerwalde), Recent publications include l’usage du mot (Berlin: kookbooks, 2017), sel, Karachi, Paris, Rotterdam, Shanghai, Toronto, Vancouver, and Vien- of historical pitchblende samples of Collection Halde Beerwalde, 1999/2000 sentences (Copenhagen: Forlaget Gestus, 2019), and I am very miserable na, Kriemann has since 1998 created sixteen artist’s books as an integral Hartenstein; Peter Linß for facilitating the re- Page 23 Niederlassung Ronneburg (Beerwalde), about sentences (Banf: NO Press, 2019). Her performances, exhibitions, part of her practice. She has been the recipient of artist residencies and print of aerial photographs as result of environ- Halde Beerwalde, 1999/2000 and sound installations have been shown in galleries and museums such research grants internationally, including in Cairo, Moscow, Singapore, mental surveys/documentation of the remedia- Page 24 Niederlassung Ronneburg (Beerwalde), as Den Frie and Overgaden in Copenhagen, Signal in Malmö, the KUMU Sri Lanka, Stockholm, and Vienna. Together with Aleksander Komarov, tion processes in 1999/2000 and 2009/2010; Halde Beerwalde, 1999/2000 Art Museum in Tallinn, Weserburg Bremen, the CNEAI in France, and she is the co-founder of the artist-run initiative AiR Berlin Alexander- and Peter Grosser, who took pictures of certain Page 25 Niederlassung Ronneburg (Beerwalde), at INCA Seattle. The sound work lecçon du mot [le son du mot] (with Sebas- platz, hosting research-based artists in residence. pitchblende samples for this book. Halde Beerwalde, 1999/2000

182 183 Uraninight a half life Cia Rinne

α If you start out with a story you must think it through to its conclusion.

uranium-235; half-life of 703.8 million years

ORAETLABORATORY (in the Ore mountains)

atomic abc α particles β-rays γ-rays

Ge(ssenwiese)

the value of π-tchblende

(P)ech (B)lende

184 β γ A story has been thought out to its conclusion when it has The worst possible turn is not foreseeable. It occurs by accident. taken its worst possible turn. excitation of incident rays in a bureau drawer ato/mar nucl/earth this integration disintegration ionizing radiation cannot be turned of green pigment uranium blue berries thorium yellowcake protactinium draught moss actinium francium thorium le pig ment radium astatine radon steel-black bismuth polonium velvet-black polonium astatine brownish black bismuth polonium pitch thallium lead back lead pain/t uranium leads to pitch-blendende paintings, radiating since the 17th century lead (look at them and they will look back at you) in stable condition ox tongue in voluntary seepage birch leaves in stable elements wild carrot false camomille airs/haft and [haft: imprisonment] other weeds

herbes herbe erbe 186 187 δ ε The carriers of dramatic action are human beings. Physicists, no less than logicians, are unable to avoid the paradoxical. becquerels and curies The image taken without light links structure with destruction. ἂτομο [átomo] = human being

(y)our nuclear fingerprint Voll Ge Landschaft nuclear golf course new clear G o()f course cleanup glitter gitter NUCLR wilde möhre Future populations might thrive on the toxic legacy of humanity. falsche kamille bitterkraut toxicity is (your) relative wild falsch bitter. in corpo:ratio half life half life half life

188 189 ζ η The content of physics is the concern of physicists, its Within the paradoxical appears reality. effect the concern of all men. The unleashed power of the atom has changed every- nuclear half-life is not subject thing except our thinking. to geopolitics a G ift that keeps on giving RISK (measure) break down mea sure break mea dow down mea nder mea nder mea nder break mea ning down mea culpa (continue) contamination of nature of contamination never this appears of nature of contamination of nature never disappears (of) ion rest:risk eon

Opening lines in italics from Friedrich Dürrenmatt, “21 Points to the Physicists,” points 2, 3, 4, 6, 13, 16, and 19. Echoes α, γ, δ, and ζ from Eva Wilson, “Exclusion Zones”; ε from Bergit Arends, “Walking through Ge(ssenwiese)”; and η from Albert Einstein. 190 191 This publication was made possible with the support of Stiftung Kunstfonds, Bonn & Ernst Schering Foundation, Berlin.

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Ge(ssenwiese), K(anigsberg) © 2020 the artist, the authors, Spector Books Leipzig Library for radioactive afterlife Concept: Susanne Kriemann First edition: 2020 Edited by Cassandra Edlefsen Lasch, Susanne Kriemann Printed in Germany Texts: Bergit Arends, Cassandra Edlefsen Lasch, Susanne Kriemann, Cia Rinne, ISBN: 978-3-95905-336-5 Hartmut Rosa, Grit Ruhland, Eva Wilson Graphic design: www.clubkoraal.eu Alix Bouteleux Lithography: Susanne Kriemann, and Rucksaldruck, Berlin Copyediting: Cassandra Edlefsen Lasch Research assistance: Mika Schwarz Translation: Alex Booth, William Wheeler Proofreading: Julia Schlüter Printing: Rucksaldruck, Berlin Typefaces: Dear Sir Madam, and Septima by Radim Peško; Anchor by Catharina Grötziger Paper: Munken Print White 1.5, 115 g/m2; RecyStar Nature, 90 g/m2; 1.3 Vol. FSC®-Recycled Inserted leaves collected and pressed by Susanne Kriemann from Gessenwiese and Kanigsberg. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the artist/publisher. In compiling this book an attempt was made to find out all sources of the included material. If acknowledgements are incomplete, however, rightful claimants may turn 192 to the publisher.