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Koloa 02.Pdf • CHRONOLOGY • 1820 Congregational missionaries from Boston, Massachusetts arrive 1n. Hawa1 . I.1 . 9 • 1831 The native Hawaiian population of Kaua•i stands at about 12,000. 10 1833 Peter A. Brinsmade, William Ladd, and William Hooper arrive in 1 • Hawai 1 i from Boston. 1834 The native Hawaiian population in the Koloa district stands at 6 • 2,166. h Rev. Peter Gulick and family arrive in Koloa. 6h 1835 A small-scale Chinese-owned sugar mill is operating in the • Koloa district, but is out of operation by 1840 or 1841. 1 Ladd & Co. leases a tract of land (980 acres) on the east side of Waihohonu Stream from Kamehameha III. The lease is for • fifty years with an annual rental of $300. William Hooper undertakes the management of the sugar plantation. 1 Ladd & Co. is also given permission to hire native laborers. 3 • Rev. Peter Gulick establishes the Koloa Mission. 9•19 1836 Twenty-five acres of sugarcane is planted; a mill dam and water-powered sugar mill are constructed. Although some • molasses is made, no sugar is produced. Men from China with experience in sugar manufacture arrive to work in the mill as sugar boilers. 1 • 1837 Sherman Peck & Co. leases a parcel of land from Ladd & Co. and attempts to raise silk. The venture fails a few years later. 1 • A-1 A-2 • Dr. Thomas Lafon, Kaua•i •s first missionary doctor, arrives on the island. 10 Dr. Lafon is sent to work with Rev. Peter Gulick at Koloa. 9 • The original Koloa Church is built. 19 1838 A new dam and an improved mill for Koloa Plantation are built • at Maulili Pool . 1 1839 Governor Ka1 . k.1oewa d.1es. 10 • Charles Burnham replaces William Hooper as Koloa Plantation manager. 1 1839- Koloa Plantation produces approximately 79 tons of sugar • 6 1842 and 12,000 gallons of molasses annually. h 1840 Drought. 9 • Ladd & Co. conveys a 50 percent interest in Koloa Plantation to W. H. Cary of New York for $12,500, but this conveyance is not recorded until November 5, 1847. 6h • 1841 Koloa Plantation builds a new mill at the Waihohonu site (near the confluence of 6ma•o and Waikomo Streams) and the mill at the Maulili site is abandoned. 1 • Native laborers on Koloa Plantation hold a general strike (one or two weeks• duration) for higher wages 1 and over the method of payment. 3 Some of the strikers ask for twenty-five cents a day, while others demand fifty cents a day. 6h • Father Arsenius Walsh arrives in Koloa, 10 and founds the first Catholic mission in Po 1 ipu. The first mass is celebrated on • the beach at Po 1 ipu on Christmas day. 9•19 • • A-3 A permanent schoolhouse is built in Koloa for Hawaiian children by Rev. Peter Gulick. Instruction is carried out in the 11 • Hawaiian language. The school survives until 1884. 9 1842 The silk-raising venture in Koloa is abandoned. • The quality of Koloa Plantation sugar improves due to the efforts of M. Prevost. 6h The Hawaiian Treasury Board enters into a contract with Ladd & • Co. to accept Koloa Plantation scrip at its face value for taxes and other demands. 6h • Dr. James W. Smith, a missionary/doctor, comes to Koloa to succee d Rev. Gu l 1c. k as res1. d en t m1ss1onary.. Gh 1843 Father Walsh obtains land (seventeen acres) in Koloa from • Kamehameha III and begins building St. Raphael •s Catholic Church. 9•15 6 • A fire consumes seven or eight houses on Koloa Plantation. h 1844 Ladd & Co. is in very poor financial condition, and Koloa Plantation is mortgaged to Dr. Robert W. Wood . 1 • 1845 The property of Ladd & Co. at Koloa is sold at a second sheriff•s sale. Ladd & Co. ownership of Koloa Plantation ends and the Hawaiian government becomes the owner of half of Koloa Plantation. 1•6h Wood takes over the operation of Koloa • Plantation after buying the final two months of Charles Burnham•s lease . 6h 1846 Kamehameha III names Paul Kanoa governor of Kaua•i. Kanoa • serves until 1877. 10 • A-4 • 1848 Dr. Robert W. Wood becomes the sole owner of Koloa Plantation. Gorham D. Gilman replaces James N. Lindsey as plantation manager, and is himself replaced a few months later by Napoleon • B. Morse. 1 1849 Lihu•e Plantation is founded. 14 • 1850 The Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society (RHAS) is founded partly as a response to a plantation labor shortage. 10 Passage of the Masters and Servants Act. 10 • Koloa Plantation has 450 acres in cultivation.8b Construction of St. Raphael •s Catholic Church begins. 15 • 1851 Samuel Burbank becomes manager of Koloa Plantation . 1 1852 The first group of Chinese contract laborers (280 people) are • brought to Hawai 1 i by the RHAS. Some of these workers are employed at Koloa Plantation. 3•10 1853 Draining of Koloa Marsh for Waita Reservoir begins. 1 • Regular interisland steamship service is established. 10 Two steam engines and centrifugals are installed at Lihu•e • Plantation. 14 Hackfeld & Co. is designated as the agent and shipper for Koloa Plantation. 7b• 10 • 1854 Koloa Plantation mill is upgraded. 1 • Rev. James W. Smith becomes the pastor of the Hawaiian • A-5 • Protestant Church at Koloa . • ca. 1855 Koloa is designated as the port of entry for Kaua•i. 10 1855 Rev. Daniel Dole moves to Koloa with his family, buys ten acres of mission land from Dr. James W. Smith, and opens a school for • twelve missionary children on the present site of Koloa 11 School .10 • • 1856 Severe drought. 8b St. Raphael •s Catholic Church is consecrated.9 Lihu•e Plantation initiates the irrigation of sugarcane fields • 1n. Hawa1 . I 1.• 14 1859 John M. Burbank becomes Koloa Plantation manager. 1 • A new Koloa Church (the ••white Church") is erected by members of the Congregational church on the site of the original (1837) chapel, which is demolished to make way for the new • structure.9•19 1860 Roughly half of the Chinese workers in Hawai 1 i are non-contract laborers . • Kerosene begins to replace whale oil as fuel for lighting, thereby leading to the decline of the whaling industry. 10 • 1862 Dr. and Mrs. James W. Smith establish a boarding school for Hawaiian girls on a site makai of the present Koloa Missionary Church. 11 • 1864 The Hawaiian government establishes the Bureau of Immigration to coordinate the import of workers to Hawai 1 i. 14 • A-6 • 1866 Hackfeld & Co. becomes the agent for Grove Farm Plantation. 14 1867 George H. Dole replaces John Burbank as Koloa Plantation • manager. 1 1 3 1868 The first group of Japanese workers arrives in Hawai i. • 1869 A steam engine is installed in the Koloa Mill to compensate for inadequate water power during drought. 1 Lihu•e Plantation builds mill. 10 • 1870 George N. Wilcox buys Grove Farm Plantation from Herman Widemann. Four years later, Wilcox has 200 acres under cane cu 1t1va . t•1on. 10 • 1871 Jonah Kuhio Kalaniana•ole is born at Koloa. 5 Queen Emma comes to Lawa•i for an extended stay.9 • 1872 Robert W. Wood sells Koloa Plantation to a partnership consisting of Paul Isenberg, John Wright, and Adolf Haneberg. Wright is appointed plantation manager. 1 • Kaua•i •s native Hawaiian population is an estimated 5,200 persons. 10 • 1874 David Kalakaua is elected king and visits Koloa. 10 •14 Rev. Daniel Dole sells his Koloa property to George Charman. 11 • 1875 Reciprocity Treaty is signed . Effective in the fall of 1876, it allows unrefined Hawaiian sugar to enter the U.S. duty free. 1 1876 Lands at Lawa•i are leased to Duncan McBryde. 9 • • • A-7 1877 Paul Isenberg conveys his 50 percent interest in Koloa Plantation to Judge Alfred S. Hartwell. Adolf Haneberg conveys • his 25 percent interest in the plantation to William 0. Smith. 1 The Board of Education approves a petition for financial support for Koloa School, making it the first public school on • Kaua•i. J. K. Burkett is appointed principal .9•11 The first locomotive to be used on a plantation in Hawai 1 i is • put into service on o•ahu. 14 Makee Sugar Company and Kilauea Plantation are founded. 14 • Eight plantations are operating on Kaua•i. 17 The first group of Portuguese contract laborers is recruited. 17 • 1878 Koloa Plantation begins raising sugarcane in Maha•ulepu Valley. 1 1879 James H. Wodehouse, the British consul, reports poor housing • conditions for laborers on Kaua•i•s six plantations.3 1880s The preparation of land for sugar cultivation undergoes 14 • mechanization through the introduction of steam plows. 1880 Koloa Sugar Co. becomes the owner of Koloa Plantation. By this time, Judge Alfred S. Hartwell has sold his interest in the company to Adolf Haneburg and John Wright. Of the 200 total • shares, 75 shares are held by John Wright, 75 are held by Adolf Haneburg, and the remaining 50 shares are held by William 0. Smith. 1 • Rev. J. H. Mahoe reports that 391 South Pacific Islanders reside on Kaua•i. 10 • A-8 • George N. Wilcox of Grove Farm Plantation helps to establish a • . 13 te 1ep hone company on Kaua 1. • 1881 Kilauea Plantation introduces narrow-gauge railroad to Kaua'i. 10 The first group of German workers recruited by Hackfeld & Co. • arrives in Hawai 'i. They are all sent to Lihu'e Plantation. 10 George N. Wilcox buys 10,500 acres of land at Ha'iku from Princess Ruth, increasing Grove Farm's acreage tenfold. 10 • 1882 John Wright sells his entire interest in Koloa Plantation to W.
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