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IJDIIE Volume: 01 Issue: 01 | August 2020 Sole Creator INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISCOURSE ON INNOVATION, INTEGRATION AND EDUCATION Volume: 01 Issue: 01 | August 2020 ISSN: 2181-1067 http://summusjournals.uz/index.php/ijdiie THE AVESTA IS A UNIQUE SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF CENTRAL ASIA Abdurasulov Boborakhim ABSTRACT: This article discusses the origin of the Sobirjonovich1, Khurramov Avesta, the sacred book of Zoroastrianism, the customs and 2 rituals of Zoroastrianism, and the book's connection with other Khayitmurod Bobokulovich areas. The international recognition of the Avesta, its translation into world languages, and the views of Avesta scholars on the 1 EMAIL : [email protected] source. 2 , [email protected] KEYWORDS: Avesta, Videvdot, Ahura Mazda, Zoroastrianism, 1Teacher of history, school No. Fozila Suleymanova, The Ancient Iranians. 27 of Denau district 2Teacher of history of Termez branch of TSPU named after Nizami. 1. INTRODUCTION The root of the word "Avesto" is "sto", which means the established, inevitable law - the rules, the basic instructions of life. The Avesto is the sacred book of Zoroastrianism and is the most reliable historical source of information about the social life and spiritual world of our ancestors. The name Zoroastrianism refers to a conditional middle religion in relation to religion, with its prophet (Zarathustra). In fact, the religion is called Mazda Yasna, which means the worship of the "Absolutely Wise." This book is mil. first. It was created in the VII-VI centuries in the Khorezm region of modern Uzbekistan. He has seen 2,700 books as a whole. The Avesto is a question and answer session with Zarathustra and Ahura Mazda. The book consists of 21 chapters, of which only four have survived through the ages. These are: "Videvdot", "Yasna", "Visparat", "Yasht" parts. There is also a set of essential prayers for daily rituals from different parts - the book "Little Avesto". It also contains fragments of texts that have not been preserved in the main part of the Avesto. Among the sections that have arrived, the Videvdot section consists of 22 chapters. A number of chapters and paragraphs of the remaining 3 parts have not been preserved. The Yasht section consists of prayers and hymns recited in honor of Ahura Mazda, the god of the Avesto, and the gods and goddesses he created as the Published by “ SUMMUS LLC" http:// summusjournals.uz IJDIIE Volume: 01 Issue: 01 | August 2020 sole creator. The Yasht itself consisted of 22 chapters, of which 10 have survived. According to the historian Masudi, in the treasury of the Iranian king Darius ibn Darius there were 32 copies of the Avesto written in golden water on the skins of 12,000 cattle. During the conquest of Central Asia, Alexander the Great (334-329 BC) burned several sections of the Avesto. Its sections on medicine, astronomy, philosophy, and literature have been translated into Greek. In the 17th century, the Avesto began to be studied by European orientalists. Professor Thomas Gand of the University of Oxford provides valuable information about the Avesto in his 1700 book, Ancient Iranians: A History of the Parthian and Midianite Religions. In 1771, the French orientalist A. Duperron published a French translation of the Avesto. Russian scholar A. O. Makavelsky conducted research on the Avesto, and in 1960 published a monograph, A History of the Scientific Study of the Avesto. The book "Avesto" began to be seriously studied in our country after independence. Given the great importance of this unique book in the history of our people and national statehood, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted Resolution No. 110 of May 29, 2000 to celebrate the 2700th anniversary of the Avesto. And it was widely celebrated in 2011. 2. MAIN PART The spirituality of the Uzbek people, based on the principles of national ideology, develops on the basis of the ancient Zoroastrian teachings. The ideas put forward in the holy book of this doctrine, the Avesto, are, in essence, the content and principles of the first stage of our national idea. The book "Avesto" provides information about the material and spiritual life of the peoples of Central Asia in ancient times, their religious views, ideas about the first world and its place in it, its traditions. The main content of the book is also the dreams, goals and aspirations of our ancient ancestors. The Avesto is the sacred book of Zoroastrianism. This religion dates back to mil.avv. It is a religion that promoted monotheism in the 13th and 12th centuries in Central Asia, on the banks of the Amu Darya, and in Margiana. The Avesto is known to us in the latest version (340 volumes). By this time, we see that some of its totemistic and polytheistic elements were interpreted differently, that is, Ahuramazda, the god of goodness, and Ahriman, the god of evil, were included in the tribe of other gods. Prior to Zoroastrianism, there was a belief in polytheism in the region, which led to frequent conflicts and confrontations between different tribes, and on this basis, conflicts and wars. Accordingly, during this period, cooperation between tribes and peoples, the establishment of ties of solidarity, the achievement of lasting peace became a vital necessity. There will be a Zoroastrian who understands this need. He is deeply aware that the main way to achieve a single statehood is to unite the tribes and clans, who live in constant fear of each other, into a monotheism, and to carry out this very difficult task for the rest of his life. dedicates to the output and manages to do so. According to sources, he will be sacrificed for this purpose. Zoroastrianism spread from Central Asia to other countries as a monotheistic religion, to India, South-West Asia, especially Iran, Azerbaijan, and Armenia. Well-known Uzbek scholar Fozila Suleymanova argues that Zoroastrianism is widespread in Greece, Asia Minor and Ionia, and substantiates her claim. According to the scholar, when the Greeks began to have close ties with the Iranians in the 6th century BC, the religion of the peoples of Central Asia and Iran, Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrianism began to influence the Ionian sages. Mary Boyce, a British scholar who studied and created a four-volume study, said that "the influence was only one-sided, by Zoroastrianism." The religion has also survived for a long time without losing its Published by “ INTER SCIENCE" http://ihm.iscience.uz/index.php/ijihm IJDIIE Volume: 01 Issue: 01 | August 2020 status. That is, it remained the dominant religion from the 8th century BC until the advent of Islam in Central Asia and Southwest Asia (8th century AD). People in some parts of India still practice this religion. This begs the logical question: "Why did Zoroastrianism spread to so many countries, become the belief of the peoples there, and live on for centuries without losing its status?" The main reason for this is that in Zoroastrianism the idea of goodness, the idea of eradicating evil, the ideal of spirituality, which has not lost its significance and has always been relevant in all periods, is promoted, and the idea is at the same time an ideological task. 'he said. That is why the book "Avesto", which reflects Zoroastrianism and its ideas, has aroused great interest among scholars around the world, and they are beginning to study it. At this point, Academician S.F. Alberburg's opinion can be quoted. "Zoroastrianism," the scholar writes, "is the most rational religion aimed at making human life on earth easier and happier." Western orientalists have been studying this religion and its holy book since the 18th century. In 1700, a professor from Oxford published The Ancient Iranians: A History of the Parthian and Midianite Religions, which provided valuable information about this religion. In 1771, the French orientalist A. Duperon published a translation of the Avesto. In 1778, Klenker, a professor at the University of Riga, translated and published the Avesto and Duperon's works about him into German. In 1793, the French scholar De Sas wrote and published a book on the language of the Avesto. After that, a new study of the Avesto language will begin. In 1827, the German orientalist E. Raskin published Zend-Avesto and the original Zend language, its antiquity, and in his book he noted that Zend does not originate from Sanskrit, but is close to Iranian in the pronunciation of sounds. will provide. By the 19th century, Zoroastrianism began to be studied from a philosophical point of view. The German philosopher G. Ritter dedicated one of his 12 volumes of research, A History of Philosophy, to the Avesto. He draws attention to the ideas put forward in the Avesto and expresses the view that they are not mere myths and legends in terms of their content, but are writings of philosophical content. CONCLUSION Hegel, a great representative of German classical philosophy, was also very interested in the Zoroastrian Avesto. "This religion," writes the philosopher, "resists light and darkness. The struggle of light with evil is the struggle of life with death. Zoroastrianism (the interpretation of Zoroastrianism is ours) requires the development of religion and the survival of life, planting crops, raising pets, and looking after the earth. People who practice this religion don't even bury the corpse in the ground, they don't burn it, they just throw it to feed the birds. " REFERENCES Fozila Sulaymoova East and West. T., “Uzbekistan”, 1997, p.23. F. Boynazarov's "Ancient period of Central Asia" ("Teacher", p. 202). Cf. Kellens, 1996: 98f., 100f.: ‘l'Avesta ancien de l'auteur des premiers chapitres du Vispradest tre`s exactement celui de la Vulgate, avec la position centrale du Yasna Haptanghaiti, la miseen exergue des trois prie`res introductives et celle en point d'orgue d'une quatrie`me.’ Observed by Mole´, 1963: 181: cf.
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