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Hydrogeologic Framework of the Midwestern Basins and Arches Region in Parts of Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and Illinois

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Hydrogeologic Framework of the Midwestern Basins and Arches Region in Parts of Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and Illinois HYDROGEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK OF THE MIDWESTERN BASINS AND ARCHES REGION IN PARTS OF INDIANA, OHIO, MICHIGAN, AND ILLINOIS ILLINOIS \ U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1423-B AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the current-year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Survey publications released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that may be listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" may no longer be available. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books and Maps Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Tech­ Books and maps of the U.S. Geological Survey are available niques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications over the counter at the following U.S. Geological Survey Earth of general interest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single Science Information Centers (ESIC's), all of which are authorized copies of Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Preliminary Determination of agents of the Superintendent of Documents: Epicenters, and some miscellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of ANCHORAGE, Alaska Rm. 101,4230 University Dr. Documents, are obtainable by mail from LAKEWOOD, Colorado Federal Center, Bldg. 810 U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services MENLO PARK, California Bldg. 3, Rm. 3128, 345 Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 Middlefield Rd. RESTON, Virginia USGS National Center, Rm. 1C402, Subscriptions to periodicals (Earthquakes & Volcanoes and 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr. Preliminary Determination of Epicenters) can be obtained ONLY SALT LAKE CITY, Utah Federal Bldg., Rm. 8105, 125 from the South State St. Superintendent of Documents SPOKANE, Washington U.S. Post Office Bldg., Rm. 135, Government Printing Office West 904 Riverside Ave. Washington, D.C. 20402 WASHINGTON, D.C. Main Interior Bldg., Rm. 2650, 18th and C Sts., NW. (Check or money order must be payable to Superintendent of Documents.) Maps Only Maps Maps may be purchased over the counter at the following U.S. Geological Survey offices: For maps, address mail orders to U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services ROLLA, Missouri 1400 Independence Rd. Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 STENNIS SPACE CENTER, Mississippi Bldg. 3101 Hydrogeologic Framework of the Midwestern Basins and Arches Region in Parts of Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and Illinois By GEORGE D. CASEY REGIONAL AQUIFER-SYSTEM ANALYSIS MIDWESTERN BASINS AND ARCHES U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1423-B U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Casey, George D. Hydrogeologic framework of the midwestern basins and arches region in parts of Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and Illinois / by George D. Casey p. cm. -- (Regional aquifer-system analysis-midwestern basins and arches : B) (U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ;1423) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.16:1423-B 1. Hydrogeology Middle West. 2. Aquifers-Middle West. I. Title. II. Series. III. Series: U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1423. GB1017.C37 1996 551.49'0977~dc21 96-36377 CIP For sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. ISBN 0-607-86104-5 FOREWORD THE REGIONAL AQUIFER-SYSTEM ANALYSIS PROGRAM The Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) Program was started in 1978 following a congressional mandate to develop quantitative apprais­ als of the major ground-water systems of the United States. The RASA Program represents a systematic effort to study a number of the Nation's most important aquifer systems, which in aggregate underlie much of the country and which represent an important component of the Nation's total water supply. In general, the boundaries of these studies are identified by the hydrologic extent of each system and accordingly transcend the political subdivisions to which investigations have often arbitrarily been limited in the past. The broad objective for each study is to assemble geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical information, to analyze and develop an under­ standing of the system, and to develop predictive capabilities that will contribute to the effective management of the system. The use of computer simulation is an important element of the RASA studies, both to develop an understanding of the natural, undisturbed hydrologic system and the changes brought about in it by human activities, and to provide a means of predicting the regional effects of future pumping or other stresses. The final interpretive results of the RASA Program are presented in a series of U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers that describe the geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of each regional aquifer system. Each study within the RASA Program is assigned a single Professional Paper number, and where the volume of interpretive material warrants, separate topical chapters that consider the principal elements of the investigation may be published. The series of RASA interpretive reports begins with Professional Paper 1400 and thereafter will continue in numerical sequence as the interpretive products of subsequent studies become available. Gordon P. Eaton Director CONTENTS Page Foreword ........................................................................................ Ill Stratigraphy Continued Pag<- Abstract ...................................................................................... Bl Devonian Rocks ......................................................................... 9 Introduction...................................................................................... 1 Devonian and Mississippian Rocks ...................................... 13 Purpose and Scope .................................................................... 1 Mississippian Rocks................................................................ 14 Previous investigations ............................................................ 2 Glacial Deposits....................................................................... 14 Acknowledgments ..................................................................... 3 Hydrogeologic Framework............................................................ 16 Summary of Midwestern Basins and Arches Carbonate and Glacial Deposits....................................................................... 17 Glacial Geology.......................................................................... 3 Bedrock Aquifer andConfining Units................................... 19 Regional Setting........................................................................ 3 Upper Confining Unit...................................................... 19 Generalized Regional Geology................................................. 3 Carbonate-Rock Aquifer .................................................. 19 Relation of Stratigraphy and Hydrogeologic Units.............. 3 Basal Confining Unit....................................................... 24 Stratigraphy ..................................................................................... 5 Summary ....................................................................................... 26 Ordovician Rocks....................................................................... 5 Selected References ....................................................................... 28 Silurian Rocks ........................................................................... 5 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates are in pocket] PLATE 1. Hydrogeologic section A-A', and map showing location of hydrogeologic sections in the Midwestern Basins and Arches region 2. Map showing locations of hydrogeologic sections B-B', C-C', D-D', and E-E' in the Midwestern Basins and Arches region Page FIGURES 1-2. Maps showing: 1. Map showing location of data-collection and study areas in the Midwestern Basins and Arches region .................. 2 2. Map showing structural elements in the Midwestern Basins and Arches region.......................................................... 3 3. Generalized bedrock geologic map of the Midwestern Basins and Arches region ................................................................. 4 4. Chart showing time- and rock-stratigraphic framework and nomenclature for the Midwestern Basins and Arches region ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6 5-9. Maps showing: 5. Approximate thickness and extent of the upper confining unit of the Silurian and Devonian carbonate- rock aquifer system in the Midwestern Basins and Arches region ................................................................................. 8 6. Approximate altitude of the top of the upper confining unit of the Silurian and Devonian
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