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Toxic Chemicals in Everyday Life

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Toxic Chemicals in Everyday Life House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee Toxic Chemicals in Everyday Life Twentieth Report of Session 2017–19 Report, together with formal minutes relating to the report Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 10 July 2019 HC 1805 Published on 16 July 2019 by authority of the House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee The Environmental Audit Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to consider to what extent the policies and programmes of government departments and non-departmental public bodies contribute to environmental protection and sustainable development; to audit their performance against such targets as may be set for them by Her Majesty’s Ministers; and to report thereon to the House. Current membership Mary Creagh MP (Labour, Wakefield) (Chair) Dr Thérèse Coffey MP (Conservative, Suffolk Coastal) Geraint Davies MP (Labour (Co-op), Swansea West) Mr Philip Dunne MP (Conservative, Ludlow) Zac Goldsmith MP (Conservative, Richmond Park) Mr Robert Goodwill MP (Conservative, Scarborough and Whitby) James Gray MP (Conservative, North Wiltshire) Ruth Jones MP (Labour, Newport West) Caroline Lucas MP (Green Party, Brighton, Pavilion) Kerry McCarthy MP (Labour, Bristol East) Anna McMorrin MP (Labour, Cardiff North) John McNally MP (Scottish National Party, Falkirk) Dr Matthew Offord MP (Conservative, Hendon) Dr Dan Poulter MP (Conservative, Central Suffolk and North Ipswich) Alex Sobel MP (Labour (Co-op), Leeds North West) Derek Thomas MP (Conservative, St Ives) Powers The constitution and powers are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152A. These are available on the internet via www.parliament.uk. Publications © Parliamentary Copyright House of Commons 2019. This publication may be reproduced under the terms of the Open Parliament Licence, which is published at www.parliament.uk/copyright. Committee reports are published on the Committee’s website at www.parliament.uk/ eacom and in print by Order of the House. Evidence relating to this report is published on the inquiry publications page of the Committee’s website. Committee staff The current staff of the Committee are Lloyd Owen (Clerk), Leoni Kurt (Second Clerk), Ruth Cahir (Committee Specialist), Laura Grant (Committee Specialist), Laura Scott (Committee Specialist), Helen Muller (Committee Researcher), Jonathan Wright (Senior Committee Assistant), Baris Tufekci (Committee Assistant), Anne Peacock (Media Officer) and Simon Horswell (Media Officer). SContacts All correspondence should be addressed to the Clerk of the Environmental Audit Committee, House of Commons, London SW1A 0AA. The telephone number for general enquiries is 020 7219 8890; the Committee’s email address is [email protected]. You can follow the Committee on Twitter using @CommonsEAC. Toxic Chemicals in Everyday Life 1 Contents Summary 3 1 Introduction 5 Chemicals in society 5 Production of chemicals 5 Chemicals of concern 6 Toxicity 9 Risk management 9 Previous inquiries 10 Our inquiry 10 2 Environment and human health impact of chemicals 11 Environment 11 International chemicals management 11 Chemicals in the UK environment 12 Attitudes to chemicals 15 Human health 16 Body burden of chemicals 17 Biomonitoring 18 Plastic packaging 20 3 Furniture and Furnishings (Fire Safety) Regulations 1988 23 Flame retardants 23 Fire deaths 24 1988 Furniture and Furnishings (Fire Safety) Regulations 27 2014 BIS consultation 31 2016 BEIS consultation 32 Industry views 33 Whistle-blower allegations 36 4 Environmental contamination around the Grenfell Tower 40 Environmental contamination testing 40 Response to findings of environmental contamination 42 Public Health England response 43 Toxicity of smoke 45 Exposure of firefighters 46 5 Product safety 48 Product testing 48 Products sold online 49 Resources for chemical testing 49 Product labelling 52 Innovations for consumers 54 Product safety after the UK leaves the EU 55 RAPEX 55 6 Future UK chemicals policy 57 European Union 57 Strategy for a non-toxic environment 58 Framework on endocrine disruptors 58 Forthcoming Chemicals Strategy 59 Chemicals regulation in the event of EU exit 61 Stakeholder engagement 63 Acknowledgments 66 Conclusions and recommendations 67 Annex 1: Glossary 74 Annex 2: Survey results 76 Formal minutes 80 Witnesses 81 Published written evidence 82 List of Reports from the Committee during the current Parliament 84 Toxic Chemicals in Everyday Life 3 Summary Chemicals are pervasive in modern society and contribute to improved health and quality of life globally. However, current regulation does not account for the cocktail of chemicals we are exposed to. Hazardous chemicals and other pollutants are now ‘ubiquitous in humans and the environment.’1 Without a rapid transition to a more circular economy for chemicals, it will not be possible to implement the ambitions set out in the 25 Year Environment Plan or Resources and Waste Strategy. We call on the Government to use the forthcoming Chemicals Strategy to form the basis of a non-toxic environment in the UK. This should set out a clear, ambitious vision for the type of chemical environment we hope to live in. We need to better understand which chemicals we are exposed to in greatest measure and what the risk from that exposure is. To do this, a long-term, UK wide, human and wildlife biomonitoring programme should be established. The Chemicals Strategy should include objectives and priority areas for monitoring. It should also consider the mixtures of chemicals we are exposed to and lay out a plan for the remediation of harmful regulated substances in the environment. The 1988 Furniture and Furnishings (Fire Safety) Regulations have been under review for ten years with no reforms enacted. During this time, some of the most commonly used flame retardants have been classed as persistent organic pollutants and substances of very high concern. Inaction has allowed unnecessary and potentially toxic chemicals to continue to enter the public’s homes. Our Regulations should be brought in line with the rest of the world and the Government should develop a new flammability standard without further delay. Children’s products should be immediately removed from scope of the Regulations. Labels should clearly state if a furniture product has been treated with chemical flame retardants. It is clear that the Regulations are contested and there is no consensus; however, it is unacceptable a government department can take nearly three years to respond to a public consultation. The Minister must publish the responses before a new Prime Minister takes office on 24 July. Failure to do so will add to the view that the process is being deliberately delayed. We are troubled by the lack of urgency in response to findings of environmental contamination from chemicals around the Grenfell Tower site. Residents should be reassured that the presence of these chemicals is not harmful to their health and homes. We support calls for full health biomonitoring for residents, including specific monitoring for the effects of exposure to fire effluents. We also recommend that any local residents who have concerns about dusts or residues within their homes be offered the opportunity to have them tested for environmental contamination. Environmental contamination testing for chemicals should be carried out as standard in the immediate aftermath of major disasters. Chemicals are routinely used in consumer products where their presence is not indicated on the product label. Consumers have the right to know what chemicals are used in the products they purchase. The current budget for product safety compliance does not reflect the volume of products on the market and is failing to protect UK consumers. The Government should increase resources for product safety compliance by 10 percent a year in the upcoming spending review. Product labelling should be reformed to 1 UN Environment Programme, Global Chemicals Outlook II: From legacies to innovative solutions (2019), p viii. 4 Toxic Chemicals in Everyday Life ensure consumers are aware of which groups of chemicals have been used. This should include domestic pictograms to indicate if a substance meets the criteria for a substance of very high concern. A full list of chemical ingredients should be made available on the product website and direction offered to independent, scientific advice. Public Health Bodies should be given responsibility for monitoring, researching the impact of chemicals on public health, and recommending restrictions and other controls on groups of problematic chemicals. They should be given adequate funding and staffing for research and policy development. Toxic Chemicals in Everyday Life 5 1 Introduction Chemicals in society 1. Chemicals are pervasive in modern society and have contributed to global improvements in human health, food security, productivity and quality of life. Production and consumption of chemicals are rising as the market for chemical-intensive products such as computers, furniture and personal care products grows.2 There is growing evidence that some chemicals cause products and wastes with hazardous properties which harm human health and the environment.3 According to the UN’s Global Chemicals Outlook, hazardous chemicals and other pollutants are now ‘ubiquitous in humans and the environment.’4 CHEM Trust contends that ‘the unpleasant reality [is] that we are constantly exposed to a cocktail of chemicals, something which is still largely ignored by chemical safety laws.’5 Production of chemicals
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