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Study on Passenger Flow Simulation in Urban Subway Station Based on Anylogic 140 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 9, NO. 1, JANUARY 2014 Study on Passenger Flow Simulation in Urban Subway Station Based on Anylogic Yedi Yang School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China Email: [email protected] *Jin Li School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China; Contemporary Business and Trade Research Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China *Corresponding author: [email protected] Qunxin Zhao College of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China Email:[email protected] Abstract—In this paper, taking Hangzhou Metro Line 1 weekdays' peaks. The total number of passengers was up Wulin Square Station for example, we dynamically to 4,378,667, and the daily amount was 14.5956 million. optimize the opening number of the entrance ticket The maximum which appeared on December 9, 1999 windows at the station based on Anylogic pedestrian library, (Sunday) was reaching 219,000. There are 30 sites and and study the impact of some parameters e.g. the more than 200 ticket vending machines on Metro Line1, pedestrian arrival rate and the opening number of the ticket windows in peak and off-peak periods, etc., on the and a total of 1,653,696 one-way tickets were sold. The 3 average queuing number and utilization rate of the ticket stations with highest passenger flow are in turns as windows. The aim is to provide a favorable reference and follows: Wulin Square, Hangzhou Railway Station, Lung decision support tools for planners, designers, and Bridge. operators. The simulation results show that for the off-peak However, with the growing of the passenger flows, the period, that is, when the pedestrian velocity reaches to problem of people’s queuing for tickets becomes more 1500/hour, opening two ticket windows can achieve the best and more severe. The time they spend on ticket queuing, average queuing number and the utilization rate of the and the number of queuing have the direct impact on ticket windows, and at the peak period, i.e. the pedestrian passengers' experience of rail transit. The ticket sellers in velocity is about 2500/hour, opening four ticket windows is the best strategy. the ticket window system contact with passengers directly, so the quality of their service has a great influence on the evaluation given by passengers. Index Terms—urban subway, pedestrian simulation, Therefore, in order to reduce the passengers’ queuing dynamic optimization, AnyLogic, queuing time, the prominent concern is to optimize the queuing system by opening ticket windows dynamically and reasonably in the process of operation which of course I. INTRODUCTION should at a reasonable cost. It can not only improve the In recent years, China's urban rail transit is developing competitiveness but also improve the quality of the in an unprecedented speed. According to the relevant service. statistics, in Mainland China, there have been 33 cities At present, many scholars have started carrying out planning to construct rail transit, in which 28 cities have researches concerning rail transit science and they have been approved. Hangzhou Metro Line 1 was opened on already been doing a lot of work. The former research Nov.24, 2012, which is Hangzhou, even Zhejiang’s first can be divided into three categories according to the subway line; Beijing opened four new Metro Lines on usage of the different methods. The first category is to Dec.30, 2012, which were: Line6, Line8, the northern establish a mathematical model to do the research of the section of Line 9 and Line 10. railway ticket window system based on queuing system Undoubtedly, the subway relieves the traffic pressure and routing optimization problem[1-10]. For example, to some extend, facilitates the movement of residents. Jitao Li and JunFeng Yang [1] from Dalian Jiaotong We learned it from Hangzhou Hong Kong Metro University who used the theory of queuing model to Corporation Limited that on the first month of trial analyze the characteristics of the railway station ticket operation, the train ran totally 11,385 times. Averagely, window queuing system, established a ticket windows it ran 379.5 per day, including 392 extra trains in optimization model based on the acceptable time of waiting, and gave a model of algorithm and processes. © 2014 ACADEMY PUBLISHER doi:10.4304/jsw.9.1.140-146 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 9, NO. 1, JANUARY 2014 141 Based on how to optimize the facilities, Qiwen Jiang [2] also designed for discrete, continuous and mixed from Beijing Jiaotong University introduced the queuing behavior of complex systems. The AnyLogic can quickly theory, and correspondingly, the mathematical model. build design system simulation model (virtual His study focused on the station automatic ticket prototyping) and the external environment, including the machines, the station stairs and the station channel so as physical equipment and operating personnel. Its to optimize the configuration of the facility. In order to applications include: control systems, traffic, dynamic attract more passengers and improve operational systems, manufacturing, supply lines, logistics efficiency, they provide their best service. The second departments, telecommunications, networks, computer category is to acquire the results by using simulation systems, machinery, chemicals, sewage treatment, software such as Anylogic, simwalk, based on the military, education etc. The AnyLogic is powerful and theories such as Agent, queuing system [11-21]. For flexible, and can offer a variety of modeling methods: example, Lu Yu and Xi Zhang [11] from Beijing object-oriented modeling method based on UML Jiaotong University used Anylogic simulation software language, flowchart modeling method based on the systematically to analyze the layout of Beijing Xizhimen square of Statecharts (state machine), which can be subway station rail transportation hub, passengers divided into ordinary and mixed, differential and organizations streamline, and found the bottleneck of a algebraic equations, Java modeling. guest stint distribution and also proposed some Anylogic also includes the following standard suggestions. Zhao Yafang [12] established a evaluation databases which can be used to build the models rapidly. model of the layout of ticketing equipment and the The Enterprise Library is mainly used to simulate configurable number by applying the method of queuing discrete events which are related to manufacturing theory, which can analyze the arrangement form of the industry, supply chain, logistics resources, medical automatic ticketing equipment at the station and then treatment etc. Solid models (trades, customers, products, raise up the proper form according to the place of the components, vehicle etc.), technological processes (the station. Based on the simulation software, Anylogic, the typical working process, including wait, delay, resource evaluation model can be verified. The third category is to utilization) can be built with the help of Enterprise do the simulation study by establishing physics models. Library. The Pedestrian Library concentrates on For example, Guangzhou Transport Planning Institute’s simulating a physical environment. It can be used to Yunbin He [21], through constructing a pedestrian build a structure (Railway station, safety check etc) or a simulation platform which based on the physical model street which is full of people. The models can not only of the hub, analyzed the relationship between the collect data such as density of pedestrians in different window average queuing number and ticket demand, and regions, but also calculate the efficiency of the load in thus to know how many ticket windows are needed service point. The simulation of interaction of according to different queuing time. This article we pedestrians is complex behaviors’ agent. However, The dynamically optimize the number of the station pit Pedestrian Library provides an advanced use interface mouth open ticket windows , based on Anylogic which can build flow-process diagram of pedestrian pedestrian library , taking Hangzhou Metro Line 1 Wulin quickly. The Rail Yard Library can help to build various Square Station as the background, and research the railway shunting models and make it visually. Railway impact of parameters on the number of queuing and shunting model can combine discrete events and agents utilization of the window according to the pedestrian in order to simulate loading and unloading, allocating arrival rate and the number of the ticket windows open in resources, maintaining business processes and other peak and off-peak periods, providing a favorable transport activities. Except those standard resources, reference for planners, designers, operators and decision users can build their own databases according to their support tools. At last, we come up with an improvement own needs. program which aims at the unreasonable facts after B. Simulation Scenarios evaluating the rationality of the automatic ticketing equipment and the configurable number. And then the In this paper, we establish a subway entrance improvement program is verified. pedestrian distribution model, taking the Wulin Square This paper is organized as follows. The introduction to Station in Hangzhou Metro Line 1 as the background, by the Anylogic simulation principle, the scene of designing different simulation environments and simulation and modeling process is described in Section simulating passengers
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