K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 47 . region global of extending spatial spatial extending -

sighted under perspective - Key for Strengthening Strengthening for Key

increasing regional mobility. mobility. regional increasing - –a

1

economic interactions between Kong Hong between economic interactions boundary transport infrastructure could be be could transport infrastructure boundary - -

K.K. LING of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government

Special Paper was the President of the Hong Kong Institute of Planners from 2007 to 2007 to from Planners of Institute Kong Hong the of President the was

Hong Kong’s Competitiveness Kong’s Hong LING boundary transport infrastructure is not merely hardware infrastructureabout is transport not merely boundary - the Director of Planning

is hairman of the Metro Planning Committee and Rural Planning New& Town Committee of the ING

K. L boundary transport infrastructure, Greater Pearl River Delta region, HK2030 Study HK2030 Study Delta River Pearl region, Greater transportboundary infrastructure,

boundary activities that could meet the rising public aspirations. aspirations. public the rising meet could that activities boundary strategic the Within - - Mr. K. He is also the C Town Planning Board. Board. Planning Town Mr. 2009.

Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity Connectivity and Mobility Regional for Planning 1 Keywords Cross regional mobility, Territorial Development Strategy Development Territorial mobility, regional

Abstract the of emergence theWith Greater Pearl River Delta region as a city significance and the intensified regional socio PRD the strategic cities, considerationand planning Kong Hong for is

horizon beyond the territory across the boundary the thetowards the territory horizon boundary across beyond GPRD region. This is also afar to more future the imminent horizon from time the stretching are trend direction and development regional the and territory the of vision overall the which Cross in picture. the that would monetary construction the cost ever reduce an of planners perceive it the as to key promote convenience, safety comfort and of Town cross developmenton the opportunities addressing while context, capitalising through planning constraints, cross environmental provision of instrumental to achieving vibrant economy, social progress, quality social progress, environment and global vibrantinstrumental to economy, achieving competitiveness.

48 Planning & Development 2 years. the socio ( (GPRD) Delta River Pearl Greater Guangdong the (GD) of and forms Province part Geographically, the adjoins (HKSAR) Administrative Region Kong Special Hong the rising cost associatedwith increasing extending its mobilityby regional enhanced arising from harness opportunities the the citymay constituent While well the constituent cities interact to facilitate regional mobility of peopleand goods. competition. Estab global keen of face in role important an plays and connectivity globalisation, interaction regional era of In the Planning Regional The Context 1.1 1.

Figure 1 Figure HKSAR and Macao SAR 2009). urban areas ofHuizhou andZhaoqing, with total a land area of about 42,800 km the and Jiangmen, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Foshan, Zhuhai, , Guangzhou, viz. Delta, River Pearl Greater PearlThe River regio Delta Planning Framework Planning -economic interaction between Hong Kong (HK) and the region have been growing been between-economicHong region Kong (HK)andover have the interaction

). Since the economic reform economic the Since ).

economic also hinterland regionalit and securing position, has cope to its with Figure 1: Pearl GreaterFigure 1: The ( Source: Planning Department, the HKSAR the Department, Planning Source:

n comprises Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and the nine cities in the the in cities nine the and SAR, Macao SAR, Kong Hong n comprises lishment regional mobility.

and openingand upof1978,the in China

of a vibrant region heavily depends onhow River Delta Region River Delta

Government

) )

2

(Government 2 s of GD, GD, of s region

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 49

a living living boundary boundary boundary boundary - - marriages -boundary -boundary region. A A region. .

enting enting about over past the growth in the in the growth rticularly GD. rticularly In 2011, about 2011, In cross -boundary th a view to developing to developing view th a i ” ” and developing into , including 177 400 , including 6

) in the last three decades, . W

, with a noticeable , with a year Planyear advocates to strengthen 3 - KSAR. KSAR. cross of numbers The in the Mainland, in Mainland, the repres about about 2001 to 2011, From 510 000

were around 272 000 were ing ing . women bornwomen in the Mainland 5 work there factory of the world -aged and 4 ssued HK. in Applicants of CAMR normallywould it use for the middle boundary marriages registered in HK and the number of Certificate of of number the Certificate and HK of registered in boundary marriages conducted by the Department conducted in 2010 Statistics Census and - way permit scheme. permit way

- 7

(CAMR) i

acclaimed as the “ . these workers, Among usually worked in 89% Province, GD the GPRD region is now coming into shape. is into coming GPRD now shape. region than more a is indeed It region region of(Governments HKSAR GD, Macao and SAR). 2009 - boundary transport infrastructureboundary isinstrumental to transport enhancing considered henzhen (SZ), 30% in Dongguan and 12% in in Guangzhou Dongguan 12% 30% (SZ), and henzhen (GZ) - during July to September 2010. September to July during Department and ensus Statistics This situation may be related to the large number cross of This situation be to related the may large

HK workforce -economic Interaction and Mainland -economic between Hong the Kong of Marriage Records Marriage of class metropolitan cluster, the National National the 12th Five metropolitanclass cluster,

- by C . class metropolitan cluster with enhanced competitiveness enhanced with cluster metropolitan class - planned cross planned with either the husband the wife the beingwith or Mainlander either a Socio arriages. n enquiry on Hong Kong residents working in the Mainland was conducted via the General Household way permit holders entered HK permit entered way holders - t developed t developed city world he GD Province. GD he survey A marriages (either the brides or the grooms are Mainlanders but their spouses are Hong Kong residents) were residents) Kong were are Hong spouses their but are Mainlanders grooms the brides or the (either marriages cross number of the from estimated Absence purpose of registering marriages in the Mainland. However, CAMR holders may not get married cross number total of of crude the estimates are only figures Therefore, the eventually. m Survey April 2011 and July 2012 July and 2011 April Sources: Home Affairs Department and Immigration Department, Government of the HKSAR Department, of Government Department Immigration and Affairs Home Sources: Source: Census and Statistics Department, Government of H the Source: Census and Statistics Department, Government of the HKSAR Government of Department, and Statistics Census Source: A Source: 6th National Population Census results published National the by Bureau of of Statistics China in

one- marriages between HK residentsers Mainland and in t the of 5% 33% inincluding S 7 6 In 2010, around In 234 800 residents livingHK were in Mainland the were residents 175 100 HK some showed also 4 5

the the system in the transportation comprehensive coordination a and of planning the well of populationproportion or younger ten years (i.e. number qualified of Mainland husbands in wives, children coming toand large resulting a the reunion under for one HK the comprehensive competitiveness of the entire GPRD region to benefit the competitiveness entire HK. the GPRD comprehensive of of the region 1.2 Ties Social very long strong social had has pa HK ties with Mainland, the Historically, Theemergence of the unit. geographical it isone of the fociChina of coastal development and the Nationally, mos well- it is Internationally, world Recent statistics evidenced that such strong social ties have been sustained. born HK population of in 31% resident the were Mainland

3

50 Planning & Development 8 10 9 2). increased an with annual growth rate of15900 4.8% from 1991 in 42 to 400 2012 in ( Incomparison, of thedaily number - land 2012(average 553000in soaredto the number the Mainland, but 21 were there cross than rate faster a much at increased have movements the and decades The 1.3 with value service (or import about 56% ofvalue at total HK$140billion M component was the largest the to Mainland, travel of ofservices Among exports components various of HK, values with at (orHK$479 about billion cross These strong economic between bonds HK and the GD Province also stimulate 2011.in HK is also a significant trading partner of HK$3 of The Mainland the largest is trading partner of HK terms in of merchandise trade, values with years back ten offices and 160 resp upfrom 242 ectively HK, in offices regional local or headquarters and 248regional companies 557 established have were H onthe listed HK partner, and HK was direct andversa investment vice 2011 in Re Economic Interaction

anufacturing servi anufacturing

garding the economic links, HK continues to be the HK Mainland continues links, economic to garding the Source: he cumulative value of HK’s direct investment in the the in investment HK’s of direct value According cumulative t he to Statistics the Department, and Census Source: investment. Mainland to HK amounted to HK$3 , Mainland reached HK$3 is a major funding centre for Mainlandcentre aente for is major funding high growthhigh of socio- Surge in Cross - boundary cargoboundary also the is The Mainland largest movements. services trading partner

to to led has ,444 billion Census and Statistics Department Statistics and Census Guangdong Statistical Statistical Guangdong Yearbook Statistics Bu 2012, Mainland. A worth that notingon is phenomen cross with value at HK$153 at value with

000average dailyland- a tremendous growth in the cross growth the in a tremendous ces wereces largest the of of services imports from component the Mainland, - 9 boundary Travelboundary Movements

K

the o lothl ftettlmrhnietae n21. In particular, merchandise trade)2011. in (or halftotal almost of the , stock market as at the end ofstock marketat 201 the as 346 billion end at

Mainland economic ties between HKeconomic and between the ties Ma

043 billion at end at billion 043 billion ( ’ s fourths largest trading partner , Government ofHKSAR the Government , based cross based 8 The MainlandHK has been long . -

2011. Themarket value of direct investment the GD Province, with values of US$193 billion Province, US$193 valuesthe with GD of or about two- about or based pie. rprises. - 2011, accounting for 36% of HK’s total inward direct - boundary passenger trips betweenboundary passenger trips HK and

38%o cross reau of Guangdong Province Guangdong of reau

- boundary travel activities between HK HK between activities travel boundary thirds of total export service value export of thirds total - AMainland enterprises of total 640 boundary vehicle trips have trips vehicle boundary only r eil lw. In 1980, flows.-boundvehicle ary f total tradetotal in services) 2011. in . 1.

. . As atAs mid ’ growth s largest source of foreign foreign of source largest s inland inland in in 2011. Furthermore, - boundary passenger ).

aeo 07 ... p.a.). 10.7% of rate in

- ’ 2011, Mainland s largest trading the past three three past

from the the from Figure Figure 10 ). ).

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 51

of

42.4

) people -border

provided -boundary -boundary majority were

Government

uth China (HK outh China (HK and the Mainland Mainland the and HK of of cross the

Year facilities

trips between t planning framework for the t planning framework and in theand fact the of proportion and theand Mainland by made

S, the need to improve cross to improve S, need the ds, TD -transpor Immigration Department and Customs and Excise Department and and Excise Customs Department Immigration ('000 trips) ('000 15.9 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 residents living in the Mainland and 2% by in Mainland the 2% living and residents 0 boundary Passenger and Vehicle Trips Trips Vehicle and Passenger boundary Source: Source: Annual average daily vehicle daily average Annual 50 40 30 20 10

s has increased from s has from in early increased around the 60% 553 having to the regard interaction with in development

and the Mainland the and ong Kong ed s the in 2011, in HK trips living by people made . The strong social interactions recogni term integrated land land termuse integrated - betweenH boundary Travel Survey (CBTS) 2011 conducted by the Planning the conducted by Survey 2011 (CBTS) Travel boundary 1980s, strategic planning has 1980s, extended its strategic perspective beyond the -boundary -boundary - principal goals of the Territorial Development Strategy which (TDS), Strategy Development Territorial the of principal goals can also be reflected fromcan reflected be also trip purposes the Year

cross boundary passenger trips between HK the the trips - primary roles of HK at the time, as an entrepot for S entrepot as an the of time, HK at primary roles took up the largest share, constituting 61% of all trips. all of 61% share, constituting took largest up the were 24% Another Average Daily Land-based Cross- Average . Of the the . Of of HK, toof was ensure that necessary physical infrastructural

Immigration Department Department Immigration Sources: Immigration Department and Customs and the HKSAR DepartmentExcise Customs and Department, Immigration Sources: were for leisure and visiting relatives and frien relatives and visiting leisure for were 21 ( ('000 trips) ('000 Territorial Development Strategy and Territorial Development Development Review Strategy andTerritorial Strategy Territorial 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 0 Figure 2: 600 500 400 300 200 100 Source: Source: Annual average daily passenger daily average Annual travellers making trips for these two purpose two these for trips making travellers 2000s in to 2011. 71% 2. Planning Initiatives Strategic 2.1 to Cross the According Department, cross HK in living by HK 13% Mainland, by visitors the from made travellers them In HK, as early as the of One territory. long first the established growth to support the 1990). Government formulation the the During of links transport was already

people living in other places in other living people as mentioned before mentioned as (HK Government 1984). SZ

52 Planning & Development further ( future in consideration P about enhancingHK were mainly which concepts vision distant set out The also TDSR roles of the key andterritory.positively retain economic trendsto to GD in recommendati the in options of flexibilityincorporated the assessment into of findings the The of HK 1993). development Government (HK of for scenarios bycommissioned the The Study of Trends Development GD in Province (the GD Study) was (PRD) region. the to reference closer making In RD regionRD and Figure 3 Figure the

1990s, the1990s, Territorial Developmenta Strategybreakthrough by (TDSR) made Review Distant Vision Concepts of the the Territorial of Strategy Review Vision Concepts : Distant Development the the ons in respect of economic land uses and transport systems to respond respond to economic uses systems and transport of land respect in ons capitali PRD regionand identify spatial their and infrastructure implications for ( Source: Planning Department, the HKSAR Government) HKSAR the Department, Planning Source: Planning produce Department to a frameworkprobable of growth sing development opportunities alongdevelopment opportunities the increasingly significant increasingly Figure 3). Figure

the the in developments

TDSR, which forwardTDSR, put regional transport axes for transport for regional axes

’ s accessibilitys to the

Pearl River Delta Delta River Pearl GD Study were GD Study were (1998)

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 53 vel se se on the he he HK2030 (HZMB), the

boundary tra boundary capitali - A to world. the ecifically, effective pecifically, boundary links can be - Macao Bridge s springboard so proposed in West Kowloon, Kowloon, in West so proposed -Zhuhai-

to development the HK of (HKSAR (XRL) and the Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Wai and Yuen (XRL) the Liantang/Heung

designated for logistics for tourism major designated and

existing and planned and cross existing axes are proposed along the regional transport corridors, transport corridors, regional the along proposed axes are on how well the city could position could well itself toon how city the boundary planning matters, including cross including matters, planning boundary

- Express Rail Rail Link Express gateway to China China’ gateway and HK - s transport networks and transportation system were proposed to and system were networks transportation s transport heavily SZ - development development 2007 the to update TDS. more the studies about Study, HK2030 In GZ position a as boundary transport infrastructure projects mentioned in the HK2030 Study Study in HK2030 transport mentioned the infrastructureboundary projects - ilst hilst he ’s ’s HK s rapid development. this smooth regard, and of flows maintaining unimpeded In ). W ’ orthern Development Axis proposed fortechnology is primarily and business zones, and nks with the Mainland as one of the three three the of one as Mainland the links with strengthen to set out explicitly Study HK2030 Southern DevelopmentSouthern Axis is specifically Figure 4 activities and HK people living in the Mainland were conducted. conducted. were in Mainland people the living HK and activities the aAs forward, step on the added a national chapter dimension. Study HK2030 that the study suggested The would rely HK of future people, vehiclesand people, pivotal goods would be Mainland and surveys on cross surveys and Mainland 2.2 Strategy and Vision Planning Hong 2030: Kong was (HK2030 Study) Strategy and on Hong 2030: Kong Planning Study The Vision in- 2000 undertaken Mainland 2007). Government The with enhancing economic development, along for territorial directions the broad S environment. living quality a providing and competitiveness ’ to Mainland connections strengthen

are under either are construction planning, viz. or HK the number of cross of number BCP). Control Point (LT/HYW Boundary the opportunitiesfrom arising Development the N the HK Section of t Section of HK the in development HK. spatial devising axes for capitalised t this regard, In of opportunities the full advantages take Plan to Concept Strategic a has formulated Study ( facilities. Besides, a new cluster of prime offices is al Section HK terminus of the of future the adjoining XRL.

54 Planning & Development

into ainto coordinated and sustainable world- quality of environment thewith ultimate were devised region objective the GPRD develop to strat Three major development amongst involved. the parties cities in PRD as wellas avaluable and Province GD of andthe proposals theplanningvision strategic about understandto more under the “One Country,Two Systems” framework. forward Macao strategic As a step forward previous t studies, from 2.3 Townships Planning Study on the Co

-looking perspective to consider the opportunities and constraints of the G of and constraints the consider opportunities to perspective -looking with the aim at formulating a regional development strategy by taking a regional regional Figure 4 Figure (GPRD S planning study undertaken jointly by planning authorities of byplanningauthorities undertakenplanning study jointly ( : Strategic thePlan HK2030 of Study Concept (2007) Source: Planning Department, the HKSAR Government HKSAR the Department, Planning Source: t udy) egies - ordinated Development of Development ordinated

for optimising spatial structure, accessibility high and arena he GPRD Study he GPRD class city class

for cross for -

region, which vibrant, is energeticregion, and This Study served as ap as Study served This - fertilisation of planningideologies , promulgated ,

the Greater Pearl River Delta River Greater Delta the Pearl )

in 2009, in latform for HK for latform

GD, was was region region PRD and HK the first K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 55 s ’ re, a regional tudy (2009) tudy (2009) s status as Asia as s status ’

t) Foshan Area Foshan Metropolitan - Zhuhai Metropolitan Area that that Metropolitan Area Zhuhai - region under the GPRD S GPRD the under region - were concluded as essential in reducing the time and ” ” s economic centres; (ii) (ii) GZ centres; economic s ’ s status an integrated as a key city, gateway and a regional ’ ). ). metropolitanThree were areas identified in the GPRD s status as an international leisure and tourism cent tourism and leisure international s an status as ’ Source: Planning Department, HKSAR Governmen the ( Figure 5 SZ Metropolitan Area that aimed to consolidate HK consolidate to aimed that Area Metropolitan SZ - seamless connections Spatial Structure of the GPRD City GPRD the of Structure : Spatial ompetitive ( ompetitive -boundary -boundary “ h the view to strengthening GZ to strengthening view h the Figure 5

World City and SZ one China as of City World wit centre of culture and educationof China; and (iii) Macao c globally Study, with (i) HK (i) with Study, made full use of Macao service and platform, trading commercial key the and as city onZhuhai the of bank west PRD. strategies the high Amongst for recommendedaccessibility in the GPRD Study, cross in GPRD the efficiency increasing traffic and overall the boundaries on crossing spent cost region.

56 Planning & Development and seamless cross seamless and Go HKSAR the to challenge the demandever the cost andof the minimise ( decades the over mobility regional tremendous the of face In 3. facilities. cross to relating work government planning sharing Information” Department To sharing the with promote knowledge cross study other to stakeholders SZ HK biennial CBTSs include These the 1990s. have the late conductedsince been offor andsituation aspirations different forms. For In academics. and professionals G both cooperation the in GPRD region throughproactive a more and approach institutional led by strateg cross closer the advantagesfull of infrastructure t adopted a more visionary approach thatemphasised cross the on pressure grave exerted that the increasingly to response in needs the transport on addressing the in 1980- attempts Early past decades. The above illustratethe studies evolutionary 2.4

” response to increasing to response cross useful useful as serve results survey These etc. , People LivingWorking andPeople the in PRD Cross Evolving Approach Strategic in Cross with Planning as well as infrastructure well -boundary transport as The GPRD Studyco GPRD The HK. for ies overnment and relevant mostly stakeholders, including advisors expert planning of of

from Strategic Planning Perspective Facilities –from Strategic-boundary Planning took a took cross among among for better regional mobility and connectivity and recognised the needs to take take recognised to the needs andand connectivity mobility regional better for - , travelboundary information - lead lead boundary services, town planners consider cross consider services, town planners boundary four neighbouringfour cities including better understandingbetter of in

establish changes in cross in changes enet Withfor accessible more aspiration raising public vernment.

making -boundary cross - ing boundary connections in setting out spatial development development spatial out setting in connections boundary Figure 6 Figure - a boundary travel activities travel boundary cross platform mobility - 90s in cross in 90s uld be regarded as a pioneer step in fostering fostering step in a pioneer as regarded be uld boundary infrastructure. The HK 2030Study HK The infrastructure. boundary -boundar - ), timely provision of provision ), new meet timely to infrastructure - regional counte regional a movements, travel boundary - intensifying regional interaction is alwaysa big

HK and of “Survey HK Region” progress ofprogress strategic HK planningin over the boundary transport infrastructure transport boundary the cross the reference material reference community- and community- tourism-

on “Cooperation ofon “Cooperation Cross , regional planning initiatives have planninginitiatives , regional taken wh y travel characteristics and accelerating accelerating and characteristics y travel ich is -boundary -

trends and people’ and boundary trends travel he need expand to cross HK,and SZ, Zhuhaithe for Macao -

boundary Dimension rparts, rparts, an

planning focused primarily focused primarily planning importance reference for for reference importance s for theand Government for s

cross - i boundary infrastructure infrastructure boundary for the for n 2008, the Planning the Planning n 2008,

- boundary activities boundary related facilities. - People Living People in series of surveys surveys of series boundary Travel

planning of planning of

, and related related and “Survey of of “Survey -boundary

s

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 57

t)

situation, economic -boundary s. geographical in 2012. Source: Planning Department, Department, Planning Source: aspiration 3. Spur Line Chau3. Lok Ma Spur Line BCP ( the HKSAR HKSAR Governmen the

boundary passenger and goods and passenger boundary

- services to GZ was suspended in was to the GZ suspended services

t)

Yesterday Source: Planning Department, Department, Planning Source: 2. BCP in the early inthe BCP Wu 2. Lo 2000s. ( the HKSAR HKSAR Governmen the reasons for nearly thirty engendering cross years,

ties –

boundary passenger and freight movements are made through the through made are movements and passenger freight boundary a at that time. time. that at a train Through - From Past to the Past to Present – From Facilities -based Cross-boundary

: Rail Canton Railway (KCR) was the first modern transport infrastructure in the in the infrastructure transport (KCR) modern first the was Canton Railway -boundary Facili MTR Corporation Corporation MTR

boundary boundary : - Figure 6 city of Southcity Chin - based movements between HK and the Mainland. HK between the movements and based to this Owing Cross - Source

1. Cross the crossing passengers bridge to the Wu old Lo Mainland in 1960s. ( BCPs between HK SZ boundaries. and BCPs between - Kowloon The the GZ, and HK between services train through to passengers enjoy 1910s enabling metro not merely means to reduce journey time and lower travel cost but also a key to promote lower key time travel and but means a cost also journey to reduce not merely the public meet safety that could and rising comfort convenience, 3.1 cross of the majority the 1940s duelate to political to having passengers for trainwalk in services the across the railway at bridge Wu Lo the period, same during cross However, Mainland.

southern locates the at GPRDHK tip the region of isall indeed main SZ the for and gate land movements had increased at a quick pace. pace. quick increased a had at movements political and of - After decades socio most the of one turns out to be BCP Wu Lo boundary, the on both sides of developments used cross-boundary points control heavily all over world. the Kowloon opportunities and provide urban also for Wu services KCRLo railway between The expansion of towns in form the new in New the Territories. 1970s, the In Government the Shui, and all Sheung Po, Tai small the Shatin, to towns of develop market decided growing the towns to accommodate new of series a KCR located the along line, into being Limited)

58 Planning & Development 12 11 BCP. the of discomfort thealso reduces to passengers, it the efficiency operational procedures clearance customs the completing immigration two the between travel Chau/Huanggang buses are shuttle popular the most meanscross for Lok Ma river. the spanninga over bridge by are linkedtogether and other fromapart each areabout HK 1600mboth and quarantinesides immigrationthe customs, SZ on and facilities a convenient and user the number of cross approxim busiest BCP the Chau is Ma Lok andcomfort. the level of convenience of terms in demand travel future anticipated the BCP meet this at to capacity in To Manhighway Kam ofconnection the BCP, further enhancementfor therescope limited is Due the to geographical constraints and Kam To BCP thatcommenced onSZ side 2010. in have works Man The to improvement problemsinstigated periods Kam for To Man BCP. years, Inrecent w there sidesofboth the boundary. the HK and andgovernments resulted the SZin design mismatch in onBCPs capacity of the BCP constructed,the were by BCPs independently were two implemented whenfacilities the time Atthe of the boundary. easternHK/SZ section alongare located the and1980s they Both ShaTauand Kokearly were BCPs opened in on their developments. The highway and connections physical Territories metropolitan the and New between connection northeast transport a major provides named, so which now is services about 13% (equivalent to In 2011,of about 953000 a population accommodate these new four towns population.

Source: Census Source: Immigration Department and and Customs Excise Department, GovernmentHKSAR. the of

in the 1980s and the development full Line, the and in 1980s of the four East Rail new the towns, ately 26

, Government of the HKSAR the of Government , Statistics Department and 000 vehicles per 000vehicles day - boundary HK, in passengers Lok Ma Chau BCP be cannot considered as - Figure 7 friendly facility. As shown Figure in

fH ouain. With the modernis HK population). of

area. area. road

halls and passengers have to board and alight twice for twice alight and board to have and passengers halls

-

based BCP based and day per about with 80000passengers 12 layouts road of - Beingheavily third the . . Not only cause doesinconvenience it and . ere ere based BCPs have imposed constraints have BCPs based imposed “ bottleneck . . ation - , the passenger halls of of halls passenger the , utilised BCP in terms of -boundar ” problems in the in peak problems

ofKCR the railway y passengers to to y passengers

11

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 59 . Man . Man periphery 8) -boundary

) Figure

Governemnt and mostand vehicular popular

boundary traffic movements movements traffic boundary

- Point Point

vehicle trips trips ( vehicle Control ents 2, cross Immigration Hall Immigration Huanggang Huanggang -boundary -boundary

-boundary vehicle trips a over day the past Figure

point Z side 2010. since Z The majority of vehicles the us b all cross

. eastern the at situated BCP, Kok Sha Tau

huttle boarding us us alignment point b b boundary traffic at Lok Ma Chau Ma boundary at risen traffic has from by 50% Lok - General Layout ofGeneral BCP Lok Chau Ma Shuttle Shuttle Routing of s :

Immigration Hall Immigration Lok Ma Chau BCP BCP Chau Ma Lok Figure 7 Source: Aerial Photo from Lands Deparment, the HKSAR the Deparment, PhotoLands from Aerial Source: ( -boundary Traffic and Passenger Movem and Passenger Traffic -boundary -boundary Facilities – Today Today -boundary – Facilities 2007, handling nearly 75% of 75% nearly 2007, handling Cross 3.2 Trends in Cross the decades, past Over there has been significanta and continuous increase in cross freight and passenger traffic. As revealed from showed a steady growth in the 1990s but increased at a faster pace in the early 2000s. in early pace the faster a at steady in 1990s but a the growth increased showed Due busiest remains the as BCP Chau Ma Lok accessibility, to good crossing. The volume cross of 20 000 trips in per day around of early 2000s to its 31 about peak day historical 000 trips per in 2006-

Kam To BCP handled handled around000 cross 6 000-7 BCP To Kam decade before the improvement works on S making use of this BCP are goods and container vehicles as this BCP is the designated point point designated is the this as BCP vehicles container and goods are this of BCP use making all vegetables of livestock entry and of

60 Planning & Development overloadedand queuescross of BCP,connectionLok Ma Chau leading to adjoining and its traffic have been networks With a large cross volumeof taken upthe largest of the inc share In particular,LokMa Chau BCP has for havepassengerBCPs three traffic. more cater to cross Man Kam To, Tau Sha for wereBCPs designed originally Lok mainly Kok Chau and Ma a passenger Lo Wu been BCP has Unlike which days) festive of 262000passengers per day 2002(with passenger in demand surging over to 350000on Mainland and the trafficdemand BCP at this reached a historicalaverage high an with value ( Th average 2000trips. around daily flow of of the HK/SZ boundary, used is by10% of allcross lessthan

Figure Figure Notes: 10 15 20 25 30 35 e cross 0 5 - 9119 9519 9920 0320 0720 2011 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 1991 ( boundary freight traffic. Withcross increase traffic. in a freight boundary continuous Source: 4.3 ('000 trips) 1.9 9.7 ^ # . Lo Wu BCP has long beenbusiest the 2). Passengerclearancereconstruction To BCPreducedto servicesfrom Kam 2010 due Feb Man at works. Shenzhen into BCPcame Bay operation on1.7.2007. - 6.3 boundary passenger movements have been increasing at a fast rate since the 1990s since rate fastat a increasing been have passengerboundary movements 9.7 1.8 Man Kam To ^ Kam Man Kok Sha Tau Chau Lok Ma Shenzhen # Bay ( Immigration Department and Customs Customs and Department Immigration ). 9). Figure 8.9 1.7 9.4 11.1 . 1.8 1.8 9.5 A 12.3 9.1 nnual a nnual Figure 8 Figure

13.6 1.9 8.8 verage vehicl 15.7 1.9 8.4 - boundary traffic,San Tin Interchange, primary highway the : Cross -boundary 17.8 2.0 6.9 rease amongst rease 18.1 2.4 7.8 - e trips per operation trips e land day by boundary TrafficMovements boundary 20.8 2.4 7.5 traffic tailed back and blocked the operation the blocked and back tailed traffic 21.8 and 2.3 6.9

Year

- Excise DepartmentExcise 23.8

2.4 7.7 only crossing right from the beginning only from right crossing these land these 25.8 boundary crossing between HK and the 2.3 7.7 29.6 2.2 7.5 bsdcosns -based crossings. 30.6 2.3 7.5 , the HKSAR the , 31.1 2.5 7.5 - based BCP based - boundary traffic an with 31.0 3.1 2.3 6.9

- boundary travel, the travel, boundary 27.9 2.4 5.8 5.9

Government 25.5 7.5 2.2 5.2 27.4 8.8 2.3 4.6 26.6 9.5 2.4 4.2 ) of the of the

25.9 , the , the 9.9 2.5 4.2

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 61

77 81 113 261 94 69 86 after the 254

handling 79 59 92 250

% in 2007 to to in 2007 72% 66 46 94 239 51 34 104 244 ) 35 24 based BCP 132 260 - 134 254 land shows that the share of total total of share shows that the boundary Facilities boundary

122 249 Government

half 2007 to over in of second 7% 104 245 Figure 9 67 233 46

262 Year works for theworks enhancing passenger has lessened the traffic loading at the Lok Ma

34 245 boundary traffic demand and to relieve traffic - 30 236 -2007 -2007 25 211 Lok Ma Chau BCP has declined from declined has BCP Chau Ma Lok noting that the improvement works have alleviated the alleviated have works improvement that the noting -boundary Passenger Movements Passenger -boundary

per operation day by day operation per passenger trips 21 BCP has increasedBCP from was implemented at Lok Ma Chau BCP in 2003 implemented Mawas at Chau Lok BCP 181 used Lo Wu BCP. BCP. Wu used Lo

in mid in - boundary passenger activities at the BCP remained limited. limited. remained BCP the at activities passenger boundary P - 14 154 : Cross Immigration Department, the HKSAR verage verage BC Z Bay boundary freight traffic only, but due to site constraints, room the only, traffic boundary freight 9 - 131 the share of 7 via S 119 st Source: Source: ( Annual a Figure 9 morecross 4 based BCPs - 110 traffic ssenger clearance 3 103 2012. services commenced also the Chau Ma Lok BCP, Spur Line Similarly, 2 MaLok ChauLine ^ Spur Bay # Shenzhen MaLok Chau Lo Wu land Other 95 Shenzhen Bay BCP came into operation on 1.7.2007 on 1.7.2007 operation Baycame BCP into Shenzhen # on Ma^ Lok 15.8.2007. BCP operation ChauLine came Spur into hour pa 1 85 ('000 trips) ('000 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 since 2010; whil since -boundary -boundary ort for passengers using this BCP. passengers this BCP. for ort using accommodating accommodating 0 50 Notes: 300 250 200 150 100

20% Chau BCP which appeared to be near saturation near 2004 onwards. to be from appeared which BCP Chau of proportion The cross Forward-looking and Holistic Approach in Planning of Cross- in of Planning Approach Forward-looking Holistic and Bay of SZ the opening The in 60% nearly heavily the relieved in 2007, has

The 24- The thecompletion of hall passenger improvement capacity. there is still improving degree for room of theconvenience and of level However, comf strategic highways. surrounding were Interchange atImprovement works San Tin in 2005 to with the commenced cope cross congestion at the BCP. BCP. the at congestion is worth It conditionstraffic for cross for

62 Planning & Development People- land planning HK in as townplanners have cross Links (1997 recommended S the in Crosslinks cross and is movements betweenSZ HK With upcoming western in developments significant SZ, goods eastern onboth and vehicles westernsides. cross the strengthen to was Plan Master pursuit ofpursuit “ the to crossBCPs convenience, availabliltyof accessibility and -orient apeople Instead, BCPs. cross new The planningof “ industry amodernof service onthe transport Based planning zone. policyof Qianhai positioned is as the second CBD for SZ, playingthe role corridors of HK and GZ. Bao SZ of 田/ (2010-2020)Shenzhen ( was further realised the in “ spatial development This plan 山區), and extended along the Pearl Riverconnect to GZ. ( Cluster Nanshan the from originated axis western The axes. eastern and central western, the plan, future According to Zonerest of alsothe the but cityoutside Zone. Special SZ in Economic 1990s, The Master of Plan Shenzhen (1996- Planning a Consideration in Wider Context Spatial the following aspec forward more a demonstrated has BCPs new two planning these of The 50% 2012. in cross East ) were identified as the two municipal two the as identified were 羅湖) bsdtasotifatutr ta al tg. -basedat an infrastructure stage. early transport - - -boundary - boundary travel demand. These studies marked momentous changes in strategic strategic changes in momentous marked studies These demand. travel boundary boundary traffic which used concentrate to the in east, the SZ Bay BCP was in Oriented Design Oriented delineated - - looking and holistic approachandlooking holistic planning to cross East ’ co an an - - out, Westout, - 2000), commissioned by the Planning Department to cater for future future cater for Department to by Planning the commissioned 2000), location International passengers of Lo of Wupassengers BCP lessthan 2007to from dropped above before 60%

development of SZ should follow three development structures with the follow three the of with SZstructures development development should

the spatial planning covering proposals onlySpecial not Economic the ts:

”

- 2010) whereQianhai ( 深圳市人民政府 of immigration and customs facilites at SZBCP Bay was a pioneer in - West - boundary facilities concerns not only the handling capacity of handlingcapacity of boundary concernsthe only not facilities Airport and with her strategic location along the development along development location strategic and the her with Airport Dual CBD Dual -out” tudy ed design is adopted in the planning stage to ensure to planningstage adopted the in is ed design , one of the transport development 2010) ( (1996) Feasibility and Study Cross Additional

started involvein to the planning of cross - anticipated boundary infrastructure and transport facilities for and infrastructure transport boundary ” concept established the Master under of Plan 深圳市人民政府 ete o Z Qianhai the to south locates centres for SZ.

. To of distribution rationalise the - boundary HK in with infrastructure growthcross in 2010) completed the in early - 前海 boundary boundary passengers. The ) and Futian and ) strategies of the - boundary travel - Luohu ( -boundary -border 福 南 K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 63

the -boundary -boundary ied on heavily convenient cross boundary transport infrastructure transport infrastructure boundary Planning Study and Engineering - as well as cultural and creative who previouslywho rel

(NDA)

ansport infrastructure and the potential of and of potential the infrastructure ansport ccess via Kong Sham Western Highway, the Highway, ccess via Kong Sham Western

erritories Lok Ma Chau Ma BCPs. Lok Provision public domestic of buses/green minibuses to access the BCPs, increasing

boundary services to shorten the time the boundary to services shorten in involved the relevant strategic tr o Wu or o Wu

L to SZ Bay BCP with a with BCP Bay SZ to

rovides provides BCP SZ the Bay of opening he - cross less tech research and development ) (HKSAR Government 2012a). 2012a). (HKSAR ) Government Ma Chau transport The links to Lok . To up thesefollow initiatives, series of a . planning engineering and To region Figure 10 Figure ung Shui Kiu Development Area New boundary trips. T boundary - GPRD in making flexibility and choice more BCPs open two new public, these the To cross services for people in New T northwest viz. east the in facilities transport services was thoroughly inconsidered thestage planning the of Ma SZ and Bay Lok choice of is modes public. available to the wider transport BCPs so that a SpurChau Line of survey 14% total about results, the cross to the CBTSAccording 2011 passengers made use of franchised in 6% share of a 2007. from year OpportunitiesDevelopment customs clearance procedures and thereby enhancing travelling convenience and comfort. construction the cross of undertaking strategic planning, In step in promoting seam instep promoting

Government leisure (HKSAR into business and centre a 2011). the NDA developing to the in proximity close location of the strategic the land resources sing optimi to view a With existing BCPs, the Lok Chau Ma (theLoop is proposedLoop) for higher education, to be by high- complemented is not an end in itself but instead, a means to achieving sustainable development in HK and development and in sustainable HK achieving to means a instead, but in itself end is not an the ongoing H the from Territories New Northwest to the gateway a as NDA Kiu Shui Hung identifies on the capitalising Mainland, industries ( studies have recently been or are being out. carried are been recently or studies have its proximity Considering and public transport highway strategic provide would Spur Chau Line Ma and Lok BCP the other respectively in HK.and Loop areas connections between

64 Planning & Development HZMB, the HK Section of t HZMB, Section the HK among As thereview aspirations andaccount of requirements of take to cross- Planning cross for 3.3 thealso formgreen a of system. framework transport NOL Inaddition, would aland sources longer demand the housing term. addressing in function of NOL Territories theNew in northern servethe to NDAs is are important which movement for of the residents New Territories lines railway two the between interchange passenger RDS, crossing for commuting or Line. urban to from the area East Rail LineBCP. In the project woulddivert addition, some of the passengers Ea consideration the in current Development Strategy 2000(HKSAR in (RDS) Government under is 2000) detailed and T the the Stability HK of he he st Rail Line Rail st the with possible with connection the to Lok Ma Chau Spur strengthening stipulated Figure 10 Figure Cross implementation ofimplementation the NorthernLink( Kwu TungLok StationLine might beexisting addedSpur theMa to Chau PRD PRD - boundary

Region, in the dedicated chapter entitled “ chapter dedicated in the : under under Macao” and Photomontage of the Photomontage of of of - boundary infrastructure is an on- an is infrastructure boundary the planningthe and - co Facilities – Tomorrow HK HK ( Source: Planning Department, the HKSAR the Department, Planning Source: and Macao and R n h THWBP XRLhe LT/HYW and the BCP. r eview and and eview the Nationalthe 12 , Proposed Loop Ma Development Chau Lok on by means of some major co major some of means by ordination of a comprehensive transportation system transportation comprehensive of a ordination pdate of the RD the of update

NOL

MaintainingLong the (HKSAR2012b). Government Another - 5 Plan 5 going process and requiring continuous and continuous going requiring process ) to to was promulgated , facilitate

a key message message a key Gov S . The NOL upthe would join . ernment onaytaelr. boundary travellers. more effective east effective more - I ) operation projects,operation viz. n the current review of of review current the n

- term Prosperityand term was highlighted in was in highlighted in the Railway

for boundary

enabling enabling - west west

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 65

” ”

ct city near - udy is to to is udy the status status the t 杭福深客 This would ( -Guangzhou many places

and commodityand

In particular, it will it will particular, In

HZMB, the HZMB will also also will the HZMB

seamless connection

speed network rail now and further to SZ to SZ SZand at further boundary connection in boundary connection in that 60 population of a

- railway railway routes, inter

th the the th Beijing

crossing link across Pearl Zhuhai Zhuhai Areas Metropolitan - ith the ith - wi

s position as the global city in city global as the position s investment, is conducive which speed

. W majorPRD cities. The enhanced ”

estimated udy. This “ udy. HK t Shenzhen Passenger Line journey zone from HK. to It is is It boundary transport boundary facilities in the - implementation of implementation -hour -hour SZ and Macao point of regional transport point regional of - connecting HK

The zone from the West Kowloon Terminus in HK, in HK, Terminus Kowloon West the zone from three a in the Bay Areain the Bay and the Central the andand Mainland Southern variousand “Bridgehead benefit the “Bridgehead from positioned to enjoy - K as tourism, finance and and commerce. tourism,as finance structure. structure. estern PRD region and Hangzhou-Fuzhou-and ial ial in the Mainland, r

-hour -hour journey be greatly shortened. be greatly HZMB otherand cross will will fall within ng Chung as the focal Chung the as ng will will u International Airport andInternational Airport Zhuhai heras hinterland. The future hour traffic circle with circle hour traffic 京廣客運專線 ) “one- position as trade a logistics and hub as thegoods from western PRD places and and thereby becoming a transportation hub for both tourism and logistics transportation logistics a and both tourism hub for thereby becoming and , such as Guangxi, as , such and exported from ports in be airport container could the HK. Chek Lap Kok Link and Tuen Mun Western Bypass would provide a dire a would provide Bypass Mun Western Tuen and Kok Chek Lap Link completion of thecompletion of south link to HKIA serving Territories Northwest the New south link to HKIA estern PRD region - to routes, urban transit routes, and GZ rapid lines various of metro and highways major public transport of Humen at System PRD with the Rapid Transit interchanging Through services. will put also HK within of easy reach the Dongguan, XRL between HK’ will HK Mainland strengthen the connectivity and our service international competitiveness centre. reinforce an as and GPRD the region The HZMB the HK link the in missing fill will across the Pearl River as identified in the GPRD S cross the strengthen would River two banks the Pearl of between in w the further west Passenger Line ( time運專線). Journey H between cities Mainland major achieving the enhance the attractiveness of the w ofto upgrading the its indust sectors such in various HK, benefit enhance HK’s With the million will fall within a four a within fall will million in world. the coverage largest will the which be the terminus future region, PRD the Within Shibi at in GZ served extensively will be by high- XRL of Chung would well be Tung future, in 16 000- the will plug high km national of Section HK XRL The in developed fullbeing stream Economy” region. PRD industries in the Extension S New Town Chung ongoing Tung The development such territory the realise potential for Government 2012c). (HKSAR Also, HK sea the from benefited would be (HKIA) Airport International

River with the Macao Mun- Tuen north- movements. Bay BCP. BCP. Bay the regional context, In of openings infrastructures wouldthese boost T and North of Lantau

66 Planning & Development advantages. clear enjoys HK where could provide space development dustries in for the areasacuteaddressing major the development in demand, the housing serve2013 Policyto potentials with Address future Apart from housing demands. in New areas Territories adjoining the for access North identified transport in the required the improve thewill existing road network the in New Territories North as a whole, and provide LT/HYW the Fanling beand to constructedlinkingHighwayroad Theconnecting new BCP to meet public aspirations are limited due to physical constraints o east, To i.e. Man Kam ShaTau and which performance Kok for worksimproving BCPs, for InBCP the new HK, re will captialising the 峽西岸經濟區 that ) taken by establishing closer interaction( with the Western Zone Taiwan Economic Straits ( transport connections the with municipalities thewith improvedFurthermore, East forward thatput in the Master of Plan Shenzhen. ( Longg ang in new districts development associated opportunities grab the with the development to andenabling development,HK cooperationfor of regional HKfuture thehinterland economic extend the boundary would cross Both of confirmedthe the studies strategic new BCP need recognised thatthis and 2008). Government traffic, (HKSAR crossing point new engineeringof issues the and environmental BCP. theThe aexamine planning, commissioned further Planning study Department to People’ Municipal was jointly by commissioned and the Planning the relevant Department authorities of the SZ LT/HYWIn Study 2006, the Planning on BCP HK Associatedin its Connecting Road and northwestNew Territories wouldfacilitate link Kiuarea,possible spur Hung this lineto Shui development the of the provide interchange convenient which still under is publicengagement the in current would review andof RDS, updated and Taking railway apossible step forward, between linkage HK in the twoairports ) and Hieyang ( Hieyang and 潮州) -boundary economic cooperationeconomic with T infrastructure togetherwith th s Government in 2006 to explore 2006to in Government s benefits the need, and of a function new 揭陽 aims a hl HSRGvrmn 02) as 2012b). a Government whole (HKSAR east in Fujianfurther east ) and places ( - distribute thedistribute cross t strengthen at services for passengers for services ) and Pingshan ( Pingshan ) and 龍崗中心區 aiwan by ing the by competitiveness cities of coastal

in the GD East like Meizhou ( e associated e - boundary trafficboundary the amongst crossingsthe in .

between

highway linkages on both sidesof onboth highway linkages 福建

), opportunity could also be ), could opportunity the two ohH n Zsds n both HK and SZ sides.

) of SZ SZ ) of 坪山新城中心 New TerritoriesNew North airport 梅州), Chaozhou s . With its

SZ, SZ, 海 K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 67 e tronger trategic trategic driven or or driven attraction attraction economic for s

s. Greater job s. Greater more accessible, studies shown that that shown studies gravitational boundary infrastructureboundary - advantage become

mpirical mpirical ly vital for those industries and those vital for industries and ly

ties and ties and associated transport connections, the boundary traffic needs on a- demand needs traffic boundary - boundary development between HK and SZ, the the SZ, betweenboundary and development HK - economic interaction in the GPRD region and with and region in GPRD the economic interaction economic connections that eventually strengthen the strengthen economic connections that eventually cy of GPRD region as a whol for a reinforcing as GPRD of region thecy vibran urban thereby core, contributing to balancing the spatial geographical distance. E boundary facili -

s competitiveness as a global city.

has been applied in predicting intercity movements intercity people of in predicting and applied been has ’ ’ momentum s in the northern New Territories would s in northern the New Territories boundary transport infrastructure is not an end in infrastructure itself. boundary is end transport not an Improved - for HK. -looking and forward integrated more to a fromed individual projects increasing boundary transport infrastructure has been evolving with the strategic evolving transport been infrastructurewith strategic boundary has the

- and attractiveness of the constituent cities. cities. constituent the of attractiveness and the the from ctivities to transport linkages within a region could be regarded as as catalyst a regarded region within be a could linkages to transport of cross gravity model y focused on addressing basic basic cross focused on addressing y based basis. - socio closer With - Conclusion Conclusion eir population sizeeir and scale of economic development with the th new and improved and th new cross accessibility across theaccessibility would indeedboundary intensified facilitate more - socio cross the of from history evidenced As construction interactions. a set This in reinforcing turn which HK’ regional mobility and mobility and closer- regional socio competitiveness cross for Planning cross of planning early years, the HK. process for In planning improvement improvement primaril diminishing with with diminishing project deepening andthe their broadening of regional initiatives, cooperation the scope of s of area The time horizons. both and spatial of in been terms extending has planning concerns has stretch strategy development Wi valuable land resource offering a wider choice for location of home, employment and schools for the locals. locals. the schools for and employment home, choice for of location wider a offering Also, particular would be to Mainland the proximity inland close business that closer connections with GPRD could greater enjoy goods. goods. two places bondage is between of proportional strength that theorises relative the It th to The classic “ 4. and activities economic would boost Territories New in northern the opportunities available decentralise a

distribution of job opportunities over the territory and bringing jobs closer to bringing territory the and homes. over distribution job opportunities of

68 Planning & Development andDevelopment Government Planning Department Department, of the HKSAR DevelopmentNew Area Study andEngineering Planning HKSAR 委員會, (2010) 深圳市人民政府 Department, Government HKSAR Control and Point its Associated (20 Government HKSAR Development Bureau (20 Government HKSAR Government HKSAR 00) (20 Government HKSAR 圳市人民政府 (1996) 深圳市人民政府 Guangdong Province Su HK Government Executive (1993) Planning Government Department, HK HK (1990) Government and Works Branch, Government HK HK (1984) Government Secretar Department ofConstruction Guangdong of Bureau H Development Province, StudyPlanning on the Coordinated Development the of Greater Pearl River Delta Townships (2009) and Macao SAR HKSAR Governments GD, of References iat for Transportand Public Works of M Government Government 深圳市人民政府

and Planning Department, HKSAR Government Government Planning and Department, HKSAR , Planning Department, HK Government Government , Planning Department, HK

(201 Inception Report of the Review Territorial of Inception Report the of Development Strategy H 07) 08) 「深圳市城市總體規劃（ 「深圳市城市總體規劃（ ong K 1 1 Community Community ) Stage 1 Final Report of Hong Kong 2030: ReportHong of Kong PlanningFinal Vision and Strategy Planning StudyPlanning Liantang/Heung Yuen on Wai Cross Railway Development Strategy Development Railway 2000,Transport ong Territorial Development Strategy Results Initial

Connecting H Road in mmary of theof Studymmary Development of Trends in acao SAR acao Engagement Digest of the Hung Shui Kiu Hung Shui the DigestEngagement of 2010-2020 1996-2010

Consolidated Final Report Final Consolidated ng Kong –ong Kong ）」 ）」 ,

Civil Engineering and Engineering Civil 深圳市規劃和國土資源 , 深圳市規劃國土局 Feasibility KSAR Planning , -boundary

Bureau , Lands

of theof

and and 深 , , , , K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 69 , Transport Civil Engineering and and Engineering Civil , Government of the the , of HKSAR Government Chung New Tung of Digest the Engagement Public Engagement Digest of Digest Planning Engagement Public the and Public Engagement Consultation Engagement Public Document Stage Stage 2 Our Future Railway Review and Update of “Railway the Future Our Stage Stage 1 Public ) ) 2c Civil Engineering and Development Department and Planning and Department and Development Civil Engineering , (201 vernment (2012b) Go Government Government (2012a Development Department and Planning Department, Government of the HKSAR the of Department, Department Planning Government Development and HKSAR 2000” Strategy Development Stage 1 Department Highways and Bureau Housing and HKSAR Study Extension Town Engineering Study on Development of Lok Ma Chau ofLoop Ma Lok , on Development Study Engineering Government HKSAR the Department, of HKSAR