“MAJAPAHIT’S RUIN WALL AND MYSTERY BEHIND IT” YOHANES LUKAS DONY ANGGORO 1) and AFRIANDINNI OKTYAN HERDYANTI 2) supervisor: Abdul Kusaeri, M.Pd. SMPN 26 Surabaya, East-Java [email protected]. Juara 2 Category History LPB Sosial Nasional 2019
1. INTRODUCTION against modern technology the people who rebuilt this candi. On https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/majapahit it is Second method is reconstruction under scaling written “....although brick had been used in the candi of experiment to gathering strength force of Majapahit wall Indonesian’s classical age, it was Majapahit architects of as in time they built the Majapahit wall structure. Both the 14th and 15th centuries who mastered it. Making use using method as is written on the WIKI and using other of vine sap and palm sugar mortar, their temples had method that found from initial observation analysis during strong geometric quality...... ”. This research is after this observation process and compare it. Picture 1. Is sentence statement about the way Majapahit architect was visualizing about this process. built kingdom wall. Is their method really use vine sap and palm sugar mortar on the 14th and 15th century? So this research is beginning. As it is known this WEB site is also referring to historian expertise book this means this statement is also valid as knowledge information.
2. PROBLEM
This research is starting from key sentence “... vine sap and palm sugar mortar ....” as it is known there was no Portland cement method to construct wall at that century. Really? The following question about Majapahit architect method to construct Majapahit’s wall is following and becoming this research problem.
1. How much strength force their method? 2. How much strength life time their method? Picture 1. Illustration about structure that is adhesive with in applied materials to build it. To answer those question is need more just discover script translation to understand it and this research will Third method in used is test the scaling structure as is figure it out how did Majapahit architect construct explained in picture.1 with simple JIG as is shown in Majapahit wall? picture 2. Research objective is measure structure shear 2 strength in Newton/m and compare those scaling sample structure. 3. METHOD
There are many location site on Majapahit ruin so with these consideration this research is choose pick up data observation and investigation. The main objective of this observation is on material inter ruin clay brick on candi Gentong. The consideration reason of picking up candi Gentong as observation site because candi Gentong site is still relatively origin as discovery remain ruin. It is not reconstructed yet. The second observation objective is gerbang Waringin Lawang site and it is used as comparator observation Picture 2. Miniaturized wall structure JIG test. because of this Majapahit ruin site is already reconstructed this mean on this site is already touched by modern Spring with measured constant is placed on process. miniaturized jig test as is shown in picture 2. Screw is Third observation site is candi Brahu, the reason of attached at the end of spring and structured look like in the picking up this site because of this site is already have picture. Every degree of screw rotation is going to push unique data of Majapahit clay brick material data strength spring smaller and spring starting giving reaction force to “MAJAPAHIT’S RUIN WALL AND MYSTERY BEHIND IT” YOHANES LUKAS DONY ANGGORO 1) and AFRIANDINNI OKTYAN HERDYANTI 2) supervisor: Abdul Kusaeri, M.Pd. SMPN 26 Surabaya, East-Java [email protected]. Juara 2 Category History LPB Sosial Nasional 2019 push screw back and giving shear force to the clay brick. structure. It is amazing, because of clay brick remain from In math equation it can be written Majapahit edge ruin is stronger than new clay brick material from now on that is used. 14th – 15th edge of clay F = k X (N) ... (1) brick material on the site still in good condition meanwhile clay brick from 1990th is abrasive by weather. Where F is spring force (Newton), X is spring reduce in position meanwhile k is spring constant (N/m). Observation on Waringin Lawang site in photo Shear area is defined in picture 2 in m2. So shear force (SF) graphic as is shown on picture 6. is formulated as
2 2 SF = F/m (N/m ) ... (2) This SF result is actually adhesive force of Majapahit wall strength. By compare the result of method as is written on NET literacy against other method this research that is using furnace dry clay mud.
Other method is internet surfing with “Majapahit” key word to gathering more information about research objective.
4. RESULT Picture 6. Reconstructed Waringin Lawang site Observation in candi Brahu site in photographic is shown in picture 3.
Picture 3. Reconstructed candi on candi Brahu site
Picture 4. Zooming photographic spot on Picture 7. Reconstructed Waringin Lawang site
reconstructed candi of candi Brahu site Waringin Lawang site condition is not different than As is shown on picture 4. Reconstruction of candi Brahu candi Brahu site. It is reconstructed well. Measuring brick uses Portland cement as adhesive material to rebuilt this dimension in this site as is shown table 1. “MAJAPAHIT’S RUIN WALL AND MYSTERY BEHIND IT” YOHANES LUKAS DONY ANGGORO 1) and AFRIANDINNI OKTYAN HERDYANTI 2) supervisor: Abdul Kusaeri, M.Pd. SMPN 26 Surabaya, East-Java [email protected]. Juara 2 Category History LPB Sosial Nasional 2019
Table 1. Clay brick dimension on Waringin Lawang
parameter Clay brick dimension (cm) wide 19 length 33 thick 5
Picture 11. Pick up material between clay bricks gab on candi Gentong site.
Picture 9. Pick up material between clay bricks gab Material inter clay brick gap collected is also clay brick but a little bit bulk.
Observation on candi Gentong as is shown on picture 10. This site is relatively untouched because still as is this site excavated. Interviewing with the guard site about reason in this is because of unrevealed the shape of architecture of this candi Gentong and this means how does this candi shape is undefined.
Picture 12. Measuring clay brick dimension on candi Gentong site. Result of clay brick material measurement is shown on table 2.
Average clay brick thick dimension on candi Gentong site is 3 cm higher than on Waringin Lawang. Table 2. Clay brick dimension on candi Gentong site
parameter Clay brick dimension Picture 10. Unreconstructed candi Gentong (cm) wide 19 On this site also pick up clay brick gap data and length 33 measuring clay brick dimension. Clay brick gap material thick 8 is also clay brick but a little bit bulk than brick itself. Picked up material between clay brick gap as is shown on picture 9 (on Waringin Lawang site) and picture 11 (on candi Gentong site) is actually similar with clay brick “MAJAPAHIT’S RUIN WALL AND MYSTERY BEHIND IT” YOHANES LUKAS DONY ANGGORO 1) and AFRIANDINNI OKTYAN HERDYANTI 2) supervisor: Abdul Kusaeri, M.Pd. SMPN 26 Surabaya, East-Java [email protected]. Juara 2 Category History LPB Sosial Nasional 2019
material but a little bit bulk. Scratch strength to pick up 2. Second sample material as used in this research is those materials on Waringin Lawang site is higher (more remain solid and stiff and ready to burn in opened difficult) than on candi Gentong site. With this fact this furnace as is shown in picture 16. research continues to next step method. As is explained in
method, miniaturized engineering reconstruction model method is used. Miniaturized is in 1:2 refer to original clay brick size.
Picture 15. Vine sap and palm sugar mortar adhesive Picture 13. adhesive boiled vine sap and palm sugar is gone. It is absorbed by bricks and melted after 3 mortar is used as is written on WIKI or any historian days. expertise books as WIKI’s references.
Picture 16. Opened furnace burning for dry clay mud as bricks adhesive in structure. Picture 14. Refer to picked up material between clay brick as is explained clay mud is also in used as Final result of furnace clay mud as adhesive of the comparator. structure is shown on picture 17 and placing on the simple construction JIG as is shown on picture 18. Let process as is shown in picture 14 dry in few days with not rain condition and in same time let vine sap and Test result of this sample on simple construction test palm sugar mortar waiting until clay mud adhesive dry JIG is shown on table 3. and outdoor burn furnished before these miniaturized
sample under shear tension force test as is explaining on picture 2. In time miniaturized bricks processing as is shown on picture 13 is constructed, it is amazing because clay bricks in instant stick together strongly. Meanwhile clay mud material is still waiting dry in process. After 3 days waiting and occurring with second miniaturized sample burning in opened furnace this condition on both sample is reporting Picture 17. Furnaces dry clay mud. It is strongly support clay bricks on miniaturized structure. 1. First sample material as is written in WIKI result is bricks construction disassembled apart as is shown in picture 15. “MAJAPAHIT’S RUIN WALL AND MYSTERY BEHIND IT” YOHANES LUKAS DONY ANGGORO 1) and AFRIANDINNI OKTYAN HERDYANTI 2) supervisor: Abdul Kusaeri, M.Pd. SMPN 26 Surabaya, East-Java [email protected]. Juara 2 Category History LPB Sosial Nasional 2019
research is also heading to another possibility conclusion about script written in it and tablet written in it, there is
connection between Majapahit’s wall erection and palm sugar production consider of massive heat energy is used. Remark the Klatiden tablet that is shown King of
Picture 18. Furnaces clay mud adhesive in miniaturized Majapahit concern to the vine jungle on Lejar mountain under shear tension stress in simple JIG test. that this researcher believes as sugar cane (Saccharum Poacaea) jungle because of Majapahit people was not With spring constant is measured K = 270 N/m and uses 2 known how to organized this plant in farm mechanization pieces spring in used and shear area = 0.016 m2. so they let those plant and remain it as wild jungle. This palm sugar is actually main military ration of Table 3. JIG test result uses equation (1) and (2) Majapahit military fleet in the sea and the ocean and its Adhesive material Shear force (N/m2) proven as also written on historian expertise book’s that vine sap and palm sugar mortar 0 (disassembled) Majapahit fleet had ability to sail to Madagascar island Furnaces dry clay mud adhesive More than 33,840 away from their home land and landed and stayed there because run out of palm sugar. Base on description of conclusion, we are Yohanes Lukas Dony Anggoro and Afriandinni Oktyan Herdyanti have a Result found from Majapahit information that is theory about the Majapahit wall and mystery behind it, connected with Majapahit wall, sugar, vine sap and palm sugar and other interesting information is written in here “Majapahit architect who built Majapahit’s wall used in after. clay mud to assembly the wall and used huge thermal 1. http://sejarahmajapahitlengkap.blogspot.com/2017/05/ energy to fix it and beside they built wall they also cooked 12-prasasti-kerajaan-majapahit-sebagai.htm?m=1 palm sugar as commodity and military ration for Katiden tablet is written ”...free taxes for people in 11 Majapahit fleet food used same huge energy to cooked district villages of Katiden territory because of it” extraordinary duty the people to take care vine jungle on Lejar mountain. REFERENCES 2. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit it is written 1. http://sejarahmajapahitlengkap.blogspot.com/2017/ on military sub topic “ ..... the main warship of 05/12-prasasti-kerajaan-majapahit- Majapahit navy was the Jong. The Jong were large sebagai.htm?m=1 and historian expertise book and transport ships which could carry 500 – 800 tons of literacy behind it. cargo and 200 – 1000 people. 70 -180 meters in length. 2. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit and also Jong from 1420 has a carrying capacity of 2000 tons historian expertise book and literacy behind it. and nearly crossed the Atlantic Ocean” 3. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit and also 3. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit it is written historian expertise books and literacy behind it. on Architecture sub topic “....although brick (clay brick 4. exactly) had been used in the candi of Indonesia’s
classical age, it was Majapahit architects of the 14th and 15th centuries who mastered it. Making use of vine sap and palm sugar mortar, their temples had strong geometric quality” YOUTUBE VIDEO PRESENTATION LINK https://youtu.be/aTU6NKqqZSY 5. CONCLUSION
Research result is reveal that is impossible to build Majapahit’s red wall with vine sap and palm sugar mortar. Majapahit architect had been used clay mud to assembled clay brick to build Majapahit wall. And it used massive heat energy to furnace Majapahit wall too. This