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Contribución Al Conocimiento Del Género Psathyrella (Incluidos Taxones Ahora Transferidos a Los Géneros Coprinopsis Y Parasola) En La Península Ibérica (II)

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Contribución Al Conocimiento Del Género Psathyrella (Incluidos Taxones Ahora Transferidos a Los Géneros Coprinopsis Y Parasola) En La Península Ibérica (II) MUÑOZ, G. & A. CABALLERO Contribución al conocimiento del género Psathyrella (incluidos taxones ahora transferidos a los géneros Coprinopsis y Parasola) en la Península Ibérica (II) MUÑOZ, G.1 & A. CABALLERO2 1Avda. Valvanera 32, 5.º dcha. 26500 Calahorra, La Rioja, España. E-mail: [email protected] 2C/ Andalucía 3, 4.º dcha. 26500 Calahorra, La Rioja, España. E-mail: [email protected] Resumen: Muñoz, G. & A. Caballero (2013). Contribución al conocimiento del género Psathyrella (incluidos taxones ahora tranferidos a los géneros Coprinopsis and Parasola) en la Península Ibérica (II). Bol. Micol. FAMCAL 8: 17-46. Se describen e iconografían macro y microscópicamente siete taxones del género Psathyrella (Fr.) Quél. s.l., recolectados en la Península Ibérica: Coprinopsis marcescibilis (Britzelm.) Örstadius & E. Larss., Parasola conopilus (Fr. : Fr.) Örstadius & E. Larss., P. cer- nua (Vahl : Fr.) M. Lange, P. effibulata Örstadius & E. Ludw., P. gossypina (Bull. : Fr.) A. Pearson & Den- nis, P. multipedata (Peck) A.H. Sm. y P. vinosofulva P.D. Orton. De ellos, P. effibulata y P. vinosofulva no han sido registrados previamente en la Península. Se aporta también información sobre corología, nomenclatura, características morfológicas y taxones similares. Palabras clave: Psathyrella, taxonomía, corología, nomenclatura, Península Ibérica. Summary: Muñoz, G. & A. Caballero (2013). Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Psathyrella (including some taxa now transferred to the genera Coprinopsis and Parasola) in the Iberian Peninsula (II). Bol. Micol. FAMCAL 8: 17-46. Seven taxa of the genus Psathyrella (Fr.) Quél. s.l., collected in the Iberian Peninsula, are macro- and microscopically described and iconographied: Co- prinopsis marcescibilis (Britzelm.) Örstadius & E. Larss., Parasola conopilus (Fr. : Fr.) Örstadius & E. Larss., P. cernua (Vahl : Fr.) M. Lange, P. effibulata Örstadius & E. Ludw., P. gossypina (Bull. : Fr.) A. Pearson & Dennis, P. multipedata (Peck) A.H. Sm. y P. vinosofulva P.D. Orton. Of them, P. effibulata and P. vinosofulva have not been recorded previously in the Peninsula. Information about chorology, nomenclature, morphologic characters and similar taxa is also provided. Keywords: Psathyrella, taxonomy, chorology, nomenclature, Iberian Peninsula. INTRODUCCIÓN MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Continuando en la línea de nuestro trabajo Las colecciones estudiadas han sido foto- anterior (MUÑOZ & CABALLERO, 2012) presen- grafiadas macroscópicamente in situ con una tamos en esta ocasión siete taxones de Psathyre- cámara digital Nikon D50 por G. Muñoz, usando lla s.l. Aunque dos de ellos (C. marcescibilis y P. trípode y luz natural. Exceptuamos una imagen conopilus), a raíz de los últimos estudios molecu- de J. Baz, correspondiente a Psathyrella gossy- lares (LARSSON & ÖRSTADIUS, 2008), no están pina (Fig. 6B), en la que se utilizó una cámara incluidos en el concepto actual del género, he- Nikon D5000. Una vez en el laboratorio, a cada mos optado por tratarlos también, ya que al ser recolecta se le ha asignado un número de her- taxones de recombinación reciente, nos parece bario, que coincide con el número de imagen conveniente aportar información sobre ellos; correspondiente. Las descripciones macros- además, este constante cambio al que está sien- cópicas están basadas en material fresco, que do sometido el género (PADAMSEE & al., 2008; posteriormente se ha deshidratado convenien- VASUTOVÁ, 2008; VASUTOVÁ & al., 2008; NAGY temente para su conservación en herbario. & al., 2012) hace que en ocasiones se pierda la Para las observaciones microscópicas y sus perspectiva del mismo y que la información que correspondientes descripciones, se ha utili- se tenga quede pronto obsoleta. zado un microscopio óptico Motic BA300 con N 8 Boletín Micológico de FAMCAL 17 Contribución al conocimiento del género Psathyrella (incluidos taxones ahora transferidos a los géneros Coprinopsis y Parasola) en la Península Ibérica (II) cámara microfotográfica Moticam conectada a Descripción macroscópica un ordenador. Posteriormente, han sido tratadas Píleo de 2 a 4 cm de diámetro, primero có- convenientemente con un programa informático nico, luego mamelonado, raramente convexo o para imágenes (Adobe Photoshop). aplanado; cutícula higroscópica, lisa, estriada El material ha sido depositado en el herba- hacia el margen y de color muy variable, en las rio particular de uno de los autores, G. Muñoz, gamas del marrón (con tonos castaños, rojizos, indicado aquí como GM, salvo una de las colec- grisáceos u oliváceos), gris plomizo, pardo gri- ciones de P. gossypina en la que, además, se ha sáceo o pardo crema; al secarse desaparece el guardado material en el herbario particular de J. estriamiento y se descolora rápidamente tornán- Baz, indicado como JB. dose pardo apagado, crema o casi blanco; velo En cuanto a la terminología utilizada en las general habitualmente escaso, pero dispuesto de descripciones, se ha intentado evitar en lo posi- modo muy llamativo y característico en forma de ble ciertos anglicismos, galicismos o “adaptacio- copos o fibrillas blancas en el margen del píleo nes”, y se ha procurado usar, siempre que fuera (incluso en los ejemplares más jóvenes, en los posible, la terminología admitida por la R.A.E. (s. cuales lo une al estípite), dando a éste un aspec- d.) teniendo en cuenta sus actualizaciones. Para to vistosamente festoneado. Láminas escotadas, la nomenclatura de los autores se ha seguido la algo apretadas, con laminillas intercaladas; pri- propuesta en la web de INDEX FUNGORUM (s. mero blanquecinas, luego grisáceas, al final ne- d.) en Authors of Fungal Names. gruzcas, muy ocasionalmente con leves reflejos lilas, con la arista blanquecina; esporada negruz- RESULTADOS ca. Estípite de 3-10 x 0,2-0,6 cm, esbelto, frágil, ci- Coprinopsis marcescibilis (Britzelm.) Örsta- líndrico, a veces algo sinuoso y ocasionalmente dius & E. Larss., Mycol. Res. 112(10): 1180 (2008). engrosado hacia la base; fibrilloso-pulverulento, (Fig. 1). sobre todo hacia el tercio superior; blanco. Carne ≡ Agaricus marcescibilis Britzelm., Bot. Zbl. escasa, frágil, grisácea en el píleo y blanca en el 54: 69 (1893). [basón.] estípite; olor y sabor débiles, no significativos. ≡ Hypholoma marcescibile (Britzelm.) Sacc., Syll. Fung.: 11: 71 (1895). Descripción microscópica ≡ Drosophila marcescibilis (Britzelm.) Ro- Basidiósporas de 10,29-13,11-15,93 x 5,93-6,89- magn., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 13: 51 (1944). 7,85, lisas, de color marrón rojizo oscuro en agua, ≡ Psathyrella marcescibilis (Britzelm.) Singer, marrón muy oscuro con KOH al 5%, elipsoides, Lilloa 22: 466 (1951). con gran poro germinativo central. Basidios hia- linos, claviformes, tetraspóricos, de 22-28 x 8-14 Material estudiado: LA RIOJA: Autol, Los Livi- µm. Arista laminar estéril, ocupada por queilo- llos, 42º 16’ 11” N - 2º 0’ 38” W, 450 m, entre la cistidios de paredes delgadas, predominante- hierba húmeda, en plantación de olivos jóvenes, mente utriformes, subutriformes o subcapitados, sobre suelo muy abonado, 24-XI-2010, leg. G. Mu- ocasionalmente lageniformes o subcilíndricos, ñoz, GM-1975. Ibídem, 13-III-2011, leg. G. Muñoz, de 25-50 x 8-15 µm, acompañados de escasos pa- GM-2068. Ibídem, 10-XII-2011, leg. G. Muñoz, GM- racistidios claviformes, de 10-25 x 6-10 µm. Pleu- 2477. ZARAGOZA: Zaragoza, Parque Grande, 41º rocistidios ausentes. Pileipellis de tipo mixto, 37’ 33” N - 0º 53’ 48” W, 240 m, sobre el césped, con una primera capa en cutis formada por 2-3 bajo Cupressus sp., 1-XI-2011, leg. G. Muñoz, GM- estratos de hifas paralelas estrechas y alargadas, 2281. Zaragoza, Parque Grande, lugar próximo, y epitelial-himeniforme por debajo, formada por entre la hierba húmeda de la orilla de un río, bajo células globosas o subglobosas adheridas unas vegetación de ribera, 10-XII-2011, leg. G. Muñoz, a otras. Estipitipellis de la zona superior con pre- GM-2474. sencia de abundantes caulocistidios polimorfos, N 8 Boletín Micológico de FAMCAL 18 MUÑOZ, G. & A. CABALLERO Fig. 1. Coprinopsis marcescibilis. A: Basidiomas (GM-1975). B: Basidiósporas (GM-2068). C: Arista laminar (GM-2068). D: Estipitipellis (GM-2068). E: Pileipellis (GM-2068). Fotos: G. Muñoz. N 8 Boletín Micológico de FAMCAL 19 Contribución al conocimiento del género Psathyrella (incluidos taxones ahora transferidos a los géneros Coprinopsis y Parasola) en la Península Ibérica (II) utriformes, subutriformes, lageniformes, sub- veces, subcapitados), la ausencia de pleurocis- cilíndricos, subcapitados, acompañados de pa- tidios (aunque parece ser que algunos autores racaulocistidios. Fíbulas presentes en todas las han encontrado algunos en colecciones aisla- estructuras. das (LUDWIG, 2007) y, sobre todo, la pileipellis de tipo mixto, en cutis en la zona superficial e Comentarios himeniforme inmediatamente por debajo. En Se trata de una especie frecuente y amplia- relación al tamaño esporal, MAIRE & al. (2009) mente distribuida en la Pensínsula Ibérica, aun- ponen de manifiesto una cierta discordancia se- que en algunos trabajos es considerada como gún diferentes autores, remarcando que es ne- rara (GARCÍA-BLANCO & SÁNCHEZ, 2009), y se- cesario medir nuevas colecciones para crear o gún la web del Sistema de Información Micoló- no una forma microsporada; la tendencia actual, gica Ibérica (HERNÁNDEZ-CRESPO, 2006) , sólo tal y como hemos podido comprobar en nues- aparece citada en Barcelona, Guadalajara, León, tras colecciones, es considerar que esta especie Lérida y Douro Litoral (Portugal). En el resto de posee un amplio rango esporal,
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