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Ulukiġla (Nġğde) Yöresġnde Yetġġen Makromantarlarin Belġrlenmesġ

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Ulukiġla (Nġğde) Yöresġnde Yetġġen Makromantarlarin Belġrlenmesġ ULUKIġLA (NĠĞDE) YÖRESĠNDE YETĠġEN MAKROMANTARLARIN BELĠRLENMESĠ Osman BERBER Yüksek Lisans Tezi Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Haziran-2019 T.C KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ FEN BĠLĠMLERĠ ENSTĠTÜSÜ ULUKIġLA (NĠĞDE) YÖRESĠNDE YETĠġEN MAKROMANTARLARIN BELĠRLENMESĠ YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ Osman BERBER Anabilim Dalı: Biyoloji Tez DanıĢmanı: Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA KARAMAN-2019 TEZ BĠLDĠRĠMĠ Yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunulduğunu, tezin içerdiği yenilik ve sonuçların başka bir yerden alınmadığını, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya başka bir üniversitedeki başka bir tez çalışması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim. OsmanBERBER ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi ULUKIġLA (NĠĞDE) YÖRESĠNDE YETĠġEN MAKROMANTARLARIN BELĠRLENMESĠ Osman BERBER Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı DanıĢman: Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Haziran, 2019, 121 sayfa Bu çalışma Ulukışla (Niğde) yöresinde yetişen makromantarlar üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2017-2019 yılları arasında periyodik olarak bölgede gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları sonucunda 356 makromantar örneği toplanmıştır. Laboratuvar ortamına getirilen örnekler kurutularak fungaryum materyali haline getirilmiş, gerekli teşhis işlemleri sonucunda 6 sınıf, 13 takım, 38 familya ve 62 cinse ait 79 tür tanımlanmıştır. Belirlenen türlerden 22 tanesi Ascomycota, 57 tanesi ise Basidiomycota bölümüne aittir. Tespit edilen taksonlardan 3 tanesi, Genea lobulata (Mor.-Arr., J. Gómez & Calonge) P. Alvarado & Mor.-Arr., Octospora neerlandica Benkert & Brouwer (Ascomycota- Pezizales-Pyronemataceae) ve Trappeadarkeri (Zeller) Castellano (Basidiomycota- Hysterangiales-Trappeaceae) Türkiye için yeni kayıttır. Anahtar Kelimeler:Biyoçeşitlilik, Makromantar, Taksonomi, Ulukışla, Niğde i ABSTRACT Ms Thesis DETERMINATION OF MACROFUNGI GROWING IN ULUKIġLA (NĠĞDE) REGION Osman BERBER Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Biology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA June, 2019, 121 pages This study was carried out on the macrofungi growing in Ulukışla (Niğde) district. 356 macrofungi samples were collected during field trips between 2017-2019. Ecological properties were noted and they were photographed at their natural habitats. The samples are transferred to the lab and they were dried and prepared as fungarium materials. As a result of necessary identification processes, 79 taxa belonging to 6 classsis, 13 orders, 38 families, 62 genera were determined. Twenty two of them belong to Ascomycota and 57 belong to Basidiomycota. Three, Genealobulata (Mor.-Arr., J. Gómez & Calonge) P. Alvarado & Mor.-Arr., Octosporaneerlandica Benkert & Brouwer (Ascomycota-Pezizales-Pyronemataceae) and Trappeadarkeri (Zeller) Castellano (Basidiomycota-Hysterangiales-Trappeaceae), of the determined taxa are records for Turkey. Keywords: Biodiversity, Macrofungus, Taxonomy, Ulukışla, Niğde ii ÖNSÖZ Makromantarlar tarih boyunca insanlığın ilgisini çeken canlılar olmuşlardır. Uzun zamanlar mantarlar bitkiler âleminde değerlendirilmiş, 1969 yılından sonra ise farklı bir alemolarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiği anlaşılmıştır. Makromantarların insanların dikkatini çekmesini sağlayan en büyük etken, yiyecek olarak kullanılmalarından ve zehirli mantarların ölümlere sebep olmasından dolayıdır. Mantarlar tıbbi amaçlıda kullanılmaktadır. Yine çok eski yıllarda insanlar halüsinojenik etki gösteren mantarları dini törenlerinde ve eğlence dünyalarında kullanmışlardır. Avrupa ülkelerinin çoğunluğunda ülke mikotaları büyük ölçüde tamamlanmış durumdadır. Mevcut bitki örtüsü değerlendirildiğinde Türkiye makromantar çeşitliliği bağlamında potansiyeli yüksek olan bir ülkedir. Ülkemizin makromantar çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesine yönelik birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Ulukışla yöresinin makromantarlarının belirlenmesine yönelik gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma, yörenin makromantar çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi,bölge insanının bilgilendirilmesi ve ülkemiz makromikotasına katkı sağlanması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yüksek Lisans eğitimim ve tez aşamasında çalışmalarımı yönlendiren, öneri ve yardımlarını esirgemeyen, görüş ve düşüncelerime destek veren hocam Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA’ya, arazi, laboratuvar, mantar teşhisi süreçlerinin her aşamasında desteğini ve önerilerini esirgemeyen Yasin UZUN’a ve laboratuvarda çalışma imkânı sağlayan Biyoloji Bölümü yöneticilerine içtenlikle teşekkürederim. Osman BERBER Mayıs, 2019 iii ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER Sayfa ÖZET ................................................................................................................................ i ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... ii ÖNSÖZ ........................................................................................................................... iii ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER .............................................................................................................. iv ÇĠZELGELERDĠZĠNĠ ................................................................................................ viii ġEKĠLLERDĠZĠNĠ ........................................................................................................ ix SĠMGELERVEKISALTMALARDĠZĠNĠ .................................................................. xii 1. GĠRĠġ ........................................................................................................................... 1 2. LĠTERATÜRÖZETĠ .................................................................................................. 3 3. MATERYALMETOT .............................................................................................. 30 3.1. Araştırma Alanının Durumu .................................................................................... 30 3.1.1. Coğrafi Özellikleri ................................................................................................ 30 3.1.2. İklim ve Bitki Örtüsü ............................................................................................ 32 3.1.3. Toprak Özellikleri ................................................................................................. 34 3.2. Materyal ................................................................................................................... 35 3.3. Metot ........................................................................................................................ 35 3.3.1. Arazi Çalışması ..................................................................................................... 35 3.3.2. Laboratuvar Çalışması .......................................................................................... 36 4. BULGULAR .............................................................................................................. 39 4.1. Teşhisi Yapılan Mantarların Sistematiği. ................................................................ 39 4.2. Teşhisi Yapılan Mantarların Bölgedeki Yayılışı ..................................................... 46 4.2.1. Patellaria atrata (Hedw.) Fr.. ............................................................................... 46 4.2.2. Lachnum virgineum (Batsch) P. Karst. ................................................................. 46 4.2.3. Cyclaneusma minus (Butin) DiCosmo, Peredo & Minter. ................................... 46 4.2.4. Helvella acetabulum (L.) Quél. ............................................................................ 46 4.2.5. Helvella fibrosa (Wallr.) Korf .............................................................................. 46 4.2.6. Helvella fusca Gillet ............................................................................................. 47 4.2.7. Helvella leucomelaena (Pers.) Nannf. .................................................................. 47 4.2.8. Helvella leucopus Pers. ......................................................................................... 47 4.2.9. Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. .............................................................................. 47 iv 4.2.10. Verpa conica (O.F. Müll.) Sw. ........................................................................... 47 4.2.11. Peziza fimeti (Fuckel) E.C. Hansen. .................................................................. 47 4.2.12. Sarcosphaera coronaria (Jacq.) J. Schröt.. ........................................................ 48 4.2.13. Terfezia claveryi Chatin ...................................................................................... 48 4.2.14. Genea lobulata (Mor.-Arr., J. Gómez & Calonge) P. Alvarado & Mor.-Arr. .... 48 4.2.15. Lamprospora miniata De Not. ............................................................................ 48 4.2.16. Octosporamusci-muralis Graddon ...................................................................... 48 4.2.17. Octosporaneerlandica Benkert & Brouwer ........................................................ 49 4.2.18. Octospora polytrichi (Schumach.) Caillet & Moyne .......................................... 49 4.2.19. Picoa juniperi Vittad. ......................................................................................... 49 4.2.20. Picoa lefebvrei (Pat.) Maire. ..............................................................................
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