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CV Kurt Alder Curriculum Vitae Prof. Dr. Kurt Alder Name: Kurt Alder Lebensdaten: 10. Juli 1902 - 20. Juni 1958 Kurt Alder war ein deutscher Chemiker. Er untersuchte die Anlagerung des von ihm so benannten Azodicarbonsäurediethylesters an ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe. Sein Verdienst ist es, die Universalität dieses Reaktionstyps erkannt zu haben. Das Phänomen trägt heute den Namen Diels- Alder-Reaktion oder auch Diensynthese. Es spielt in der Analyse und bei der Bildung komplexer organischer Verbindungen eine bedeutende Rolle. Mit Hilfe von Diels-Alder-Reaktionen konnten in der Vergangenheit bereits viele Naturstoffe synthetisch hergestellt werden. Akademischer und beruflicher Werdegang Nachdem Alder zunächst ein Semester in Berlin Chemie studiert hatte, setzte er seine Ausbildung an der Universität Kiel fort. 1924 machte er dort sein Examen. Zwei Jahre später wurde er promoviert. Das Thema seiner Arbeit lautete: „Über die Ursachen und den Verlauf der Azoester-Reaktionen“. Sie wurde vom damaligen Chef des Chemischen Instituts der Universität Kiel Otto Diels betreut, mit dem gemeinsam Alder später den Nobelpreis für Chemie erhielt. 1930 habilitierte sich Alder im Fach Chemie, 1934 wurde er außerordentlicher Professor in Kiel. Seine Forschungsarbeit in jenen Jahren wurde vom allgemeinen Mangel der Zeit überschattet. So kam es auch zu Spannungen mit seinem Doktorvater Otto Diels. Aus diesem Grund verließ Alder 1936 seine Wirkungsstätte und wechselte zur IG Farben nach Leverkusen. Dort forschte er als Abteilungsvorstand im wissenschaftlichen Hauptlabor an der Weiterentwicklung des synthetischen Kautschuks Buna. Im Zusammenhang mit diesen beruflichen und räumlichen Veränderungen habilitierte sich Alder ein zweites Mal, diesmal an der Universität Köln, an der er ab 1937 als Dozent tätig war. Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina www.leopoldina.org 1 Im Jahr 1940 folgte er einem Ruf auf den Lehrstuhl für Chemie der Universität Köln. Zugleich leitete er seither das zugehörige Chemische Institut. Während des zweiten Weltkriegs wurde der Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Köln nach Marburg ausgelagert, so dass Alder erst 1945 in die Domstadt zurückkehren konnte. Am 21. März 1958 heiratete Kurt Alder seine langjährige Freundin Gertrud Bilzer. Wenig später, am 20. Juni des gleichen Jahres, starb Kurt Alder in Köln an den Folgen einer bereits seit längerem bestehenden Herzerkrankung. Kurz zuvor hatte er in einem Brief an den ständigen Arbeitsausschuss für die Tagungen der Nobelpreisträger geschrieben: „Die pausenlose und ständig wachsende Überforderung des aktiven deutschen Hochschullehrers mit immer wieder neuen Aufgaben hat in meinem Fall nach jahrelangem Raubbau meiner Kräfte zu Erschöpfungserscheinungen geführt, die mir den dringenden ärztlichen Rat eingetragen haben, mir vorerst absolute Schonung aufzuerlegen.“ Nobelpreis für Chemie 1950 Kurt Alder erhielt im Jahr 1950 gemeinsam mit Otto Diels den Nobelpreis für Chemie. Damit wurden sie für die Entdeckung und Entwicklung der Dien-Synthese geehrt, die auch als Diels-Alder-Reaktion bekannt ist. Damit wird ein Reaktionsmechanismus beschrieben, bei dem ein Dien und eine dieses Dien liebende Substanz, das so genannte Dienophil, zu einer neuen chemischen Verbindung reagieren. Das Lebenswerk Alders, die Diensynthese, entstand aus der Zusammenarbeit mit seinem Lehrer Otto Diels. Dieser hatte ihm und anderen Doktoranden Anfang der 1920er Jahre die Aufgabe gestellt, die Addition von Azodicarbonsäureester an ungesättigte Verbindungen zu untersuchen. Dabei zeigte sich, dass Diene Azoester stets in 1,4-Stellung addieren. Offenbar war es Alder, der den gewagten und entscheidenden Schritt tat und den Azodicarbonsäureester durch isologe Kohlenstoffverbindungen ersetzte. Beide Komponenten reagierten miteinander, und damit war die Grundlage für ein völlig neuartiges Aufbauprinzip organischer Verbindungen geschaffen. Dies ist als Diels-Alder-Diensynthese in die organische Chemie eingegangen. Mit der theoretischen Aufklärung dieses Reaktionsverlaufs gelang es Alder und Diels, die Möglichkeit der Synthese von Naturstoffen bedeutend zu erweitern. Dies gilt insbesondere für höhermolekulare Verbindungen, deren chemische Komplexität einfachen Synthesewegen bis dahin entgegenstand. Auszeichnungen und verliehene Mitgliedschaften Als Anerkennung für seine bis dahin geleistete Arbeit wurde Alder 1938 mit der Emil-Fischer- Denkmünze des Verbands Deutscher Chemiker ausgezeichnet. Im Jahr 1939 wurde er außerdem zum Mitglied der Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina gewählt. 1950 erhielt er die Ehrendoktorwürde der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Köln; 1955 folgte diejenige der Universität im spanischen Salamanca. Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina www.leopoldina.org 2 Kurt Alder und sein Werk sind an seinen Wirkungsstätten bis heute unvergessen. So hat die Stadt Köln eine Straße nach ihm benannt. Darüber hinaus trägt der größte Hörsaal des Chemischen Instituts in der Domstadt seinen Namen. Anlässlich seines 100. Geburtstages im Jahr 2002 ehrte ihn die Universität Köln mit einer Ausstellung über sein Leben und Wirken. Alders Witwe stiftete im Jahr 1991 testamentarisch den Kurt-Alder-Preis. Er wird seither in Köln alljährlich an Studierende für Arbeiten im Bereich der Organischen Chemie verliehen. Sogar ein Mondkrater heißt zu seinen Ehren seit 1979 Alder-Krater. Zwei Insektizide, die mittels einer Diels-Alder-Reaktion hergestellt werden können, tragen seinen Namen und den Namen von Otto Diels: Aldrin und Dieldrin. Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina www.leopoldina.org 3 .
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