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Wave Climate of Tuvalu
WAVE CLIMATE OF TUVALU Stephen F. Barstow and Ola Haug OCEANOR' November 1994 SOPAC Technical Report 203 'OCEANOR Oceanographic Company of Norway AS Pir-Senteret N-7005 Trondheim Norway The Wave Climate of Tuvalu Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 2. SOME BASICS ....................................................................................................... 2 3 . OCEANIC WINDS ................................................................................................... 3 3.1 General Description ............................................................................................................... 3 3.2 Representativity of the measurement period ........................................................................ 5 3.3 Winds in the source region for swell ..................................................................................... 5 4 . OCEAN WAVES ..................................................................................................... 7 4.1 Buoy Measurements .............................................................................................................. 7 4.2 Ocean Wave Statistics .......................................................................................................... 8 5 . SPECIAL EVENTS ................................................................................................ 13 5.1 Tropical Cyclone Uma ........................................................................................................ -
The St·Ructural Evolution Oftyphoo S
NSF/ NOAA ATM 8418204 ATM 8720488 DOD- NAVY- ONR N00014-87-K-0203 THE ST·RUCTURAL EVOLUTION OFTYPHOO S by Candis L. Weatherford SEP 2 6 1989 Pl.-William M. Gray THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF TYPHOONS By Candis L. Weatherford Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 September, 1989 Atmospheric Science Paper No. 446 ABSTRACT A three phase life cycle characterizing the structural evolution of typhoons has been derived from aircraft reconnaissance data for tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific. More than 750 aircraft reconnaissance missions at 700 mb into 101 northwest Pacific typhoons are examined. The typical life cycle consists of the fol lowing: phase 1) the entire vortex wind field builds as the cyclone attains maximum intensity; phase 2) central pressure fills and maximum winds decrease in association with expanding cyclone size and strengthening of outer core winds; and phase 3) the wind field of the entire vortex decays. Nearly 700 aircraft radar reports of eyewall diameter are used to augment anal yses of the typhoon's life cycle. Eye characteristics and diameter appear to reflect the ease with which the maximum wind field intensifies. On average, an eye first appears with intensifying cyclones at 980 mb central pressure. Cyclones obtaining an eye at pressures higher than 980 mb are observed to intensify more rapidly while those whose eye initially appears at lower pressures deepen at slower rates and typ ically do not achieve as deep a central pressure. The eye generally contracts with intensification and expands as the cyclone fills, although there are frequent excep tions to this rule due to the variable nature of the eyewall size. -
Supplement of Storm Xaver Over Europe in December 2013: Overview of Energy Impacts and North Sea Events
Supplement of Adv. Geosci., 54, 137–147, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-137-2020-supplement © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Supplement of Storm Xaver over Europe in December 2013: Overview of energy impacts and North Sea events Anthony James Kettle Correspondence to: Anthony James Kettle ([email protected]) The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC BY 4.0 License. SECTION I. Supplement figures Figure S1. Wind speed (10 minute average, adjusted to 10 m height) and wind direction on 5 Dec. 2013 at 18:00 GMT for selected station records in the National Climate Data Center (NCDC) database. Figure S2. Maximum significant wave height for the 5–6 Dec. 2013. The data has been compiled from CEFAS-Wavenet (wavenet.cefas.co.uk) for the UK sector, from time series diagrams from the website of the Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrolographie (BSH) for German sites, from time series data from Denmark's Kystdirektoratet website (https://kyst.dk/soeterritoriet/maalinger-og-data/), from RWS (2014) for three Netherlands stations, and from time series diagrams from the MIROS monthly data reports for the Norwegian platforms of Draugen, Ekofisk, Gullfaks, Heidrun, Norne, Ormen Lange, Sleipner, and Troll. Figure S3. Thematic map of energy impacts by Storm Xaver on 5–6 Dec. 2013. The platform identifiers are: BU Buchan Alpha, EK Ekofisk, VA? Valhall, The wind turbine accident letter identifiers are: B blade damage, L lightning strike, T tower collapse, X? 'exploded'. The numbers are the number of customers (households and businesses) without power at some point during the storm. -
Reconstructing the Impact of Nickel Mining Activities On
Reconstructing the impact of nickel mining activities on sediment supply to the rivers and the lagoon of South Pacific Islands: lessons learnt from the Thio early mining site (New Caledonia) Virginie Sellier, Oldrich Navratil, J. Patrick Laceby, Michel Allenbach, Irène Lefèvre, Olivier Evrard To cite this version: Virginie Sellier, Oldrich Navratil, J. Patrick Laceby, Michel Allenbach, Irène Lefèvre, et al.. Recon- structing the impact of nickel mining activities on sediment supply to the rivers and the lagoon of South Pacific Islands: lessons learnt from the Thio early mining site (New Caledonia). Geomorphology, Elsevier, 2021, 372, pp.107459. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107459. cea-02968814 HAL Id: cea-02968814 https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-02968814 Submitted on 16 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Reconstructing the impact of nickel mining activities on sediment supply to 2 the rivers and the lagoon of South Pacific Islands: lessons learnt from the Thio 3 early mining site (New Caledonia) 4 Virginie Sellier1 • Oldrich -
Complex and Cascading Triggering of Submarine Landslides And
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 13 December 2018 doi: 10.3389/feart.2018.00223 Complex and Cascading Triggering of Submarine Landslides and Turbidity Currents at Volcanic Islands Revealed From Integration of High-Resolution Onshore and Offshore Surveys Michael A. Clare 1*, Tim Le Bas 1, David M. Price 1,2, James E. Hunt 1, David Sear 3, Matthieu J. B. Cartigny 4, Age Vellinga 2, William Symons 2, Christopher Firth 5 and Shane Cronin 6 1 National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom, 2 National Oceanography Centre, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, 3 Department of Geography & Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom, 5 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie Edited by: University, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 6 School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Ivar Midtkandal, University of Oslo, Norway Reviewed by: Submerged flanks of volcanic islands are prone to hazards including submarine Gijs Allard Henstra, landslides that may trigger damaging tsunamis and sediment-laden seafloor flows (called University of Bergen, Norway “turbidity currents”). These hazards can break seafloor infrastructure which is critical for Miquel Poyatos Moré, University of Oslo, Norway global communications and energy transmission. Small Island Developing States are *Correspondence: particularly vulnerable to these hazards due to their remote and isolated nature, small size, Michael A. Clare high population densities, and weak economies. Despite their vulnerability, few detailed [email protected] offshore surveys exist for such islands, resulting in a geohazard “blindspot,” particularly in Specialty section: the South Pacific. -
Plants of Kiribati
KIRIBATI State of the Environment Report 2000-2002 Government of the Republic of Kiribati 2004 PREPARED BY THE ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DIVISION Ministry of Environment Lands & Agricultural Development Nei Akoako MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMEN P.O. BOX 234 BIKENIBEU, TARAWA KIRIBATI PHONES (686) 28000/28593/28507 Ngkoa, FNgkaiAX: (686 ao) 283 n34/ Taaainako28425 EMAIL: [email protected] GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KIRIBATI Acknowledgements The report has been collectively developed by staff of the Environment and Conservation Division. Mrs Tererei Abete-Reema was the lead author with Mr Kautoa Tonganibeia contributing to Chapters 11 and 14. Mrs Nenenteiti Teariki-Ruatu contributed to chapters 7 to 9. Mr. Farran Redfern (Chapter 5) and Ms. Reenate Tanua Willie (Chapters 4 and 6) also contributed. Publication of the report has been made possible through the kind financial assistance of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme. The front coverpage design was done by Mr. Kautoa Tonganibeia. Editing has been completed by Mr Matt McIntyre, Sustainable Development Adviser and Manager, Sustainable Economic Development Division of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). __________________________________________________________________________________ i Kiribati State of the Environment Report, 2000-2002 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. I TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. -
Unlocking the Inherent Potential of Plant Genetic Resources: Food Security and Climate Adaptation Strategy in Fiji and the Pacifc
Environment, Development and Sustainability (2021) 23:14264–14323 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01273-8 REVIEW Unlocking the inherent potential of plant genetic resources: food security and climate adaptation strategy in Fiji and the Pacifc Hemalatha Palanivel1 · Shipra Shah2 Received: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 January 2021 / Published online: 17 February 2021 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature 2021 Abstract Pacifc Island Countries (PICs) are the center of origin and diversity for several root, fruit and nut crops, which are indispensable for food security, rural livelihoods, and cultural identity of local communities. However, declining genetic diversity of traditional food crops and high vulnerability to climate change are major impediments for maintaining agri- cultural productivity. Limited initiatives to achieve food self-sufciency and utilization of Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) for enhancing resilience of agro-ecosystems are other seri- ous constraints. This review focuses on the visible and anticipated impacts of climate ge, on major food and tree crops in agriculture and agroforestry systems in the PICs. We argue that crop improvement through plant breeding is a viable strategy to enhance food security and climatic resilience in the region. The exploitation of adaptive traits: abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, yield and nutritional efciency, is imperative in a world threatened by cli- matic extremes. However, the insular constraints of Fiji and other small PICs are major limitations for the utilization of PGR through high throughput techniques which are also cost prohibitive. Crop Improvement programs should instead focus on the identifcation, conservation, documentation and dissemination of information on unique landraces, com- munity seed banks, introduction of new resistant genotypes, and sustaining and enhancing allelic diversity. -
Learning Lessons from the 2007 Floods
Interim Report Learning lessons from the 2007 floods lessons from Learning Learning lessons from the 2007 floods An independent review by Sir Michael Pitt The Pitt Review Cabinet Office 22 Whitehall London SW1A 2WH Tel: 020 7276 5300 Fax: 020 7276 5012 E-mail: [email protected] Sir Michael by Pitt review independent An www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/thepittreview Publication date: December 2007 © Crown copyright 2007 The text in this document may be reproduced free of charge in any format or media without requiring specific permission. This is subject to the material not being used in a derogatory manner or in a misleading context. The source of the material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the document must be included when reproduced as part of another publication or service. The material used in this publication is constituted from 75% post consumer waste and 25% virgin fibre December 2007 December Ref: 284668/1207 Prepared for the Cabinet Office by COI Communications Home Office figures show Areas of Lincolnshire and East Yorkshire, WEATHER REPORT WEATHER REPORT NEWS REPORT WEATHER REPORT Summer 2007 that 3,500 people have which supply about 40% of British produce, Severe thunderstorms A month’s rain falls Overnight rain causes Some parts of Yorkshire receive over four times the been rescued from flooded see thousands of tonnes of vegetables ruined. homes and a further 4,000 and the resulting floods in one hour in Kent. floods in Boscastle, average monthly rainfall. Severe rain in Hull causes Experts predict that floods will cost an extra Floods Timeline call-outs were made by leave parts of the Residents of Folkestone three years after record surface water floods. -
Exorcism -Page 3
, , , Exorcism -page 3 VOLUME XV., NO. 54 an independent student newspaper serving notre dame and saint mary's TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 1980 Attorney outlines pending Diplo~ats lawsuit against University by Mary Fran Callahan prepare Iran ·Senior Staff Reporter Last winter, 66 women initiated a lawsuit- which is to be heard in negotiations St.Joseph's District Court on Nov. 24- charging the University with sex discrimination. Washington (AP)- The di Of the 66 women, 50 are currently faculty members, according to plomatic team sent to Algeria bv attorney Charles Barnhill, who is representing the women in a class President Carter is carrying ~ action suit. Barnhill, of the Chicago-based Charles Barnhill & pledge of non-intervention in Associates, yesterday explained the grounds of the lawsuit. Iran's internal affairs along with "Notre Dame systematically discriminated against them (the plain an explanation of the difficulties tiffs)," he contended. in meeting other terms for free Timothy McDevitt, general counsel for the University, said the ing: the 52 American hostages, women are charging that they were discriminated against in several l!.B. officials said yesterday. areas. Some plaintiffs claim they were denied tenure; others claim "We would like to be as posi they were denied jobs- because of the their sex. tive as possible, but they have to Whether or not the lawsuit can be settled out of court remains understand the legal and other nebulous. complications," one official, When asked if negotiations were pending to reach such a who asked not to be identified, settlement, McDevitt replied, "At the present time, no. -
Governance and Adaptation for Future Flood Risk Total Synthesis Of
Risky Environments: Governance and Adaptation for Future Flood Risk Rhiannon Niven BSoc Sc (Psych) – The University of Adelaide, South Australia BEnv St – The University of Adelaide, South Australia BEnv Policy Mgt (Hons) – The University of Adelaide, South Australia Department of Geography, Environment and Population School of Social Sciences Faculty of Arts University of Adelaide Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2017 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. i List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ ii Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... iii Declaration ................................................................................................................................ iv Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................................v Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1: Introduction ...........................................................................................................1 -
Orography Effects on the Structure of Typhoons: Analyses of 1\Vo Typhoons Crossing Taiwan
TAO, Vol.5, No.2, 313-333, June 1994 Orography Effects on the Structure of Typhoons: Analyses of 1\vo Typhoons Crossing Taiwan CHING-YEN TSAY1 (Manuscript received 2 April 1994, in final form 8 June 1994) ABSTRACT Taiwan is a unique place to study typhoon-orography interactions. On the average, four typhoons encounter the high Central Mountain Range (CMR) per year. This study analyzes the hourly surface wind and pressure structure over the Taiwan area during typhoon Nadine (1971) and typhoon Betty (1961). The results· show the center of Nadine passed over the CMR continuously. On the other hand, secondary circulation and a secondary low formed over western Taiwan when typhoon Betty moved close but still to the east of the CMR. The original center and the secondary circulation/low . moved in different directions. When the original center of Betty weakened over the east side of the CMR, the secondary circulation/low became the dom inating system. This situation is very different from a typhoon track over an open ocean. The formation of the secondary circulation/low started from a pronounced wind shift from northerly to southwesterly over southwestern Taiwan. The southwesterly wind blew against the CMR and induced a ridge in the southern part of the existing lee trough. If the ridge was strong enough, the low pressure zone over the west side of the CMR was separated from the original center over the east side. The southwesterly near the CMR was fur ther deflected to northward by the mountain to form a cyclonic circulation over the west side of the CMR. -
Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900-Present
DISASTER HISTORY Signi ficant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900 - Present Prepared for the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance Agency for International Developnent Washington, D.C. 20523 Labat-Anderson Incorporated Arlington, Virginia 22201 Under Contract AID/PDC-0000-C-00-8153 INTRODUCTION The OFDA Disaster History provides information on major disasters uhich have occurred around the world since 1900. Informtion is mare complete on events since 1964 - the year the Office of Fore8jn Disaster Assistance was created - and includes details on all disasters to nhich the Office responded with assistance. No records are kept on disasters uhich occurred within the United States and its territories.* All OFDA 'declared' disasters are included - i.e., all those in uhich the Chief of the U.S. Diplmtic Mission in an affected country determined that a disaster exfsted uhich warranted U.S. govermnt response. OFDA is charged with responsibility for coordinating all USG foreign disaster relief. Significant anon-declared' disasters are also included in the History based on the following criteria: o Earthquake and volcano disasters are included if tbe mmber of people killed is at least six, or the total nmber uilled and injured is 25 or more, or at least 1,000 people art affect&, or damage is $1 million or more. o mather disasters except draught (flood, storm, cyclone, typhoon, landslide, heat wave, cold wave, etc.) are included if the drof people killed and injured totals at least 50, or 1,000 or mre are homeless or affected, or damage Is at least S1 mi 1l ion. o Drought disasters are included if the nunber affected is substantial.