Message from the Director ............................................................................................................................................5 Summary of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance .............................................................................................................6 OFDA Emergency Response ........................................................................................................................................8 Prior-Year (FY 1984. 1985. and 1986) and Non-Declared Disasters Argentina Floods .......................................................14 Madagascar Drought ..................................................68 Brazil Floods/Mudslide ............................................ 15 Malawi Food Shortage ...............................................69 Costa Rica Floods .......................................................18 Mali Epidemic ............................................................74 Dominican Republic Floods .......................................20 Mauritania Epidemic ..................................................75 Haiti Hurricane .......................................................... 22 Mozambique Civil Strife ............................................ 76 Jamaica Hurricane ...................................................... 24 Niger Drought ............................................................ 84 Panama Emergency ................................................... 34 Niger Floods ...............................................................85 Paraguay Floods .........................................................35 Nigeria Accident (Toxic Waste Incident) ..................87 Somalia Civil Strife ....................................................89 South Africa Food Shortage .......................................91 EMQW Sudan Civil Strifeprought ......................................... 93 - Turkey Landslide ........................................................38 Sudan Epidemic .........................................................99 Sudan Floods ...........................................................100 Uganda Displaced Persons .......................................107 Afriep Uganda Drought ...................................................... 108 Africa Insect Infestation ............................................ 4 1 Morocco Algeria Tunisia Bangladesh Floods .................................................. 110 Chad Burma Civil Strife ................................................... 123 Niger Burma Fire .............................................................. 125 A4al i China Floods 1 .........................................................126 Senegal/Gambin China Floods I1 .........................................................127 Mauritania India Earthquake ..................................................... 129 Cape Verde India Floods ............................................................. 132 Sudan Indonesia Volcanic Eruption ........................... .... 134 Ethiopia Nepal Earthquake ............................................ 135 Benin EpidLlnic.......................................................... 57 Pakistan Accident ................................................... 139 Benin Floods ........................................................... 58 Papua New Guinea Landslide ..................................141 Burkina Faso Floods .................................... ... ............60 Philippines Fire I ..................... .............................142 Burundi Displaced Persons .................................... 6 1 Philippines Fire I1 ................................ .. ......143 Guinea Bissau Epidemic ........................................... 63 Philippines Typhoon ................................................144 Lesotho Floods ................. ...... .............................65 Vanuatu Cyclone ................................. .. ..,...,.,...,...151 U.S. Private Voluntary Oraanizations (PVOs) and Private Groups ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency AFB Air Force Base ARC American Red Cross AFRIOEO Africa Bureau's Office of Emergency CARE Coopention for American Relief Everywhere Opentions (A.I.D.) - CRS Catholic Relief Services A.I.D. Agency for International Development CWS Church World Service CDC Centers for Disease Control, Depart. of FHI Food for the Hungry lnternational Health & Human Services HKI Helen Keller International ClNCPAC Commander-in-Chief Pacific (DOD) LWR Luthenn World Relief (U.S.) DLTF Deser: Locust Task Focce MAP Medical Assistance Programs,lnternational DOD Department of Defense PVO Private voluntary agency FFP Food for Peace Office (A.I.D.) SCFIUS Save the Children Federation1U.S. FFW Food-for-work. aid program WVRD World Vision Relief & Development FEWS A.1.D.-sponsored Famine Early Warning YMCA Young Men's Christian Association System OFDA Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (A.I.D.) lnternational Non-Governmental Oraanizations OICD Office of lnternational Cooperation and CAFOD Catholic Agencies for Overseas Development Development/U.S. Depart. of Agriculture (U.K.) REDSO Regional Economic Development & SCFIUK Save the Children Fund1U.K. Services Office, USAID regional offices MSF Medecins sans frontieres (Doctors Without in Abidjan and Nairobi Borders) Southcorn U.S. Southern Cornmand (DOD) in Panama NCO Non-governmental organization USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture US(; United States Government USFS U.S. Forest Service, USDA International Organizations USGS U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Department EC European Communities of the Interior ESCAP 1J.N. Economic & Social Commission for WASH Water and Sanitation for Health (A.I.D.) A$ia nnd the Pacific FA0 U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization ICRC lnternational Committee of the Red Cross Food Acronvms LRCS League of Red Cross and Red Crescent CSM corn-soya milk Societies USM dry skim milk LWF Lutheran World Federation ICSM instant corn-soya milk PAHO Pan American Health Organization NFDM non-fat dry milk UNDP U.N. Development Program SFCM soy-fortified corn meal UNDRO U.N. Office: of the Disaster Relid SFRO soy-fortified rolled oats Coordi~ator SFSG soy-fortified sorghum grits UNHCR U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees vegoil vegetable oil UNICEF U.N. Children's Fund WSH wheat-soya blend WCC World Council of Churches WFP World Food Program WHO World Hea!t h Organization Other ORS oral rehytlration salts (a sugnr-salt combinxtion for diarrheal-diseases) U.S. Organizations TDY temporary duty (assignment) AELGA African Emergency Lo~~st/Gri~sshopper SADCC Southern Africa Development Coordini~tion Assistilnce Project Colnlni ttee OFDA directed an unprecedented number of It is my sincere desire i.1 continue promoting the disaster relief operations during FY 1988. In all, humanitarian work of the USG, particularly OFDA, OFDA responded to 60 disasters during the fiscal and to encourage strengthened. concerted cooperation year. ranging frorn drought to flooding. an among the United States and other Western nations in ammunition dump accident to a toxic waste incident, responding to the needs of disaster victims throughout epidemics to civil strife, earthquakes to volcmic the world. eruptions. landslides to insect infestations. Disaster The battle against desert locust infestations operitions ranged in complexity from a dispersion of throughout Sahelian and North Africa and the Near relief funds to major relief efforts where team were East represents one such example of what can be deployed. large quantities of relief goods were achieved when donor nations band together. lhe mustered, and transportation was secured. Several of most recent locust plague arose from the great OFDA's responses were very intricate. requiring a lot drought of 1984-1986 which caused millions of of financial input and staff time--Bangladesh hun?;n deaths in Africa. Locust plagues are cyclical tlooding. Hurricane Gilbert's devastation, the tragic a:td result from the drought-breaking rains which give civil strife which continues to threaten the lives of life to dormant eggs. OFDA, in conjunction with millions of Sudanese. These all received nciional and international donors, has been fighting considerable media attention. However, other less- the spread of the voracious insects for several years. publicized c,?tastrophes. such as the civil conflicts in The severity and longevity of the disaster caused the Mozambique and Somalia. also required considerable USG to form a Desert Locust Task Force (DLTF) I USG aid and support. Is addition. the toxic waste during FY 1988. Robert Huesmann headed the 15- incident in Nigeria points to a growing risk in the person team. while OFDA administered the work of international community of hazardous materials the DLTF, thus giving life to A.I.D.'s recognition that disposal, a problem that will only grow over the the infestations threatened not only crops and coming years. agricultural development but the livelihood and well- OFDA strives to assist host countries become being of millions people. The success of the locust self-scfficient in managing their own disasters by campaign through the efforts of thc DLTF and the building relevant institutions. transferring appropriate international donor community has actually made the and applicable technology. and undertaking mitigation DLTF obsolete and the DLTF was disbanded shortly techniques to temper the effects of future before I left OFDA in June 1989. catastrop!les. OFDA dedicates about