DOCSLIB.ORG

Yunan Hikâyelerinde Kadin Ve Ulusal Kimliğin Üretimi (1880-1922)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Yunan Hikâyelerinde Kadin Ve Ulusal Kimliğin Üretimi (1880-1922) T.C. İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ BATI DİLLERİ ve EDEBİYATLARI ANABİLİM DALI ÇAĞDAŞ YUNAN DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI BİLİM DALI DOKTORA TEZİ YUNAN HİKÂYELERİNDE KADIN VE ULUSAL KİMLİĞİN ÜRETİMİ (1880-1922) Aslı ÇETE 2502140469 TEZ DANIŞMANI Prof. Dr. Damla DEMİRÖZÜ İSTANBUL – 2020 ÖZ YUNAN HİKÂYELERİNDE KADIN VE ULUSAL KİMLİĞİN ÜRETİMİ (1880-1922) ASLI ÇETE 19. yüzyıl başında ulus devlet olarak kurulan Yunanistan, ulusal kimliğini iki ayrı geçmiş üzerinden tanımlıyordu: Antik Hellen ve Doğu Roma (Bizans) İmparatorluğu. Bu iki önemli kimlik kodu, 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında resmi düzeyde bir araya gelerek Yunan ulusal kimliğinin ana yapı taşlarını oluşturmuştur. Ulusçu tarih anlatısının bir sonucu olarak zaman içinde “devamlılık” yaratma çabası, önce Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu’nu bir Yunan Ortaçağına dönüştürmüş, devamında yaşanan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nu ise “400 yıllık kölelik” şeklinde tanımlamıştır. Özgürlük-kölelik ikilemi Yunan resmi ulusal anlatısının ana motifini oluşturur. Buna göre, kadın olarak cinsiyetlendirilen vatan, Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu’nun son yıllarında giderek artan yozlaşma sonucu Tanrı tarafından cezalandırılarak Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda “köle” haline getirilmiştir. “Günah” işleyen ve bunun sonucunda boyunduruk altına alınan kadın, Hellas, erkek kahramanlar tarafından özgürleştirilerek “doğru yola getirilir” ve “kurtarılır”. Böylece geçmişin “saf ve şanlı” günleri yeniden kazanılır. Bu çalışmada 19. yüzyıl Yunan düşünce hayatına yön vermiş beş düşün adamı olan Georgios Viziinos, Aleksandros Papadiamandis, Andreas Karkavitsas, Giannis Psiharis ve Hristos Hristovasilis’in 1880-1922 yılları arası yayımlanmış hikâyelerinde ulusal kimliğin ve kadının nasıl kurgulandığını araştırdık. Beş bölümden oluşan tezin ilk bölümünü “ulus” ve “ulusçuluk” kavramlarına ve bu alanda üretilmiş teorilere ayırdık. Tezin ikinci bölümünde Çağdaş Yunan Aydınlanmasını kısaca özetledikten sonra Yunanistan’ın ulusal devlet olarak tanındığı 1830 yılından 1880 yılına dek nasıl bir kimlik kurgusuna girişildiğini anlattık. Bu bağlamda Yunan resmi tarih anlatısını ve iii bu anlatı içinde yer alan “öteki”yi ve kadını ele aldık. Üçüncü bölümde, 1880 sonrası ulusal kimliğin yeniden tanımlanışını, dönemin konjonktürüne uygun olarak nasıl yeniden üretildiğini ve edebiyata ne şekilde yansıdığını inceledik. Bu bağlamda, dört alt başlık altında tarihi-edebi gelişmeleri sunduk. İlk olarak dönemin siyasi olaylarına kısaca değinip Yunan entelektüel yaşamının ve ulusal kimliğinin ayrılmaz bir parçası olan dil sorununun, 1880’lerde nasıl yeniden gündeme geldiğini açıkladık. Sonrasında, özellikle Yunan hikâyeciliğini tanımlayan İthografia terimini ayrı bir başlık altında anlattık. Dördüncü bölümde, bu tezin ana inceleme konusunu oluşturan beş yazarın hikâyelerinde, ulusal kimliğin ve yerli/ulusal kadının nasıl üretildiğini; “öteki”nin kadınına nasıl bir bakış açısı geliştirildiğini; 19. yüzyıl söylemine uygun olarak “kadınlık” ve “erkeklik” kavramlarının hangi kriterler üzerinden tanımlandığını örneklerle tartıştık. Bu doğrultuda ele aldığımız hikâyelerin beş temel algı karşısındaki tutumlarını tespit ettik: kadın, “öteki”, zaman, din ve mekân. Beşinci ve son bölümde ise, tüm bu incelemeler ışığında ortaya çıkan sonuçları değerlendirdik. İncelenen toplam 281 hikâyede genel olarak ulaştığımız sonuçlar şu şekilde özetlenebilir: Yazarlar din, dil, zamanda “devamlılık” gibi ulusal kimlik unsurlarını farklı oranda kullanmışlardır. Örneğin, Antik Hellen’in kullanımı Karkavitsas’ta çok düşükken, Psiharis’te çok yüksek, Hristovasilis’te ise Bizans ile eşit orandadır. Olumsuz “öteki” imajı ise bütün bu eserlerde gözlemlenen ortak paydadır. 1880- 1910 yılları arası Makedonya “sorunu” çerçevesinde özellikle Bulgar ulusçuluğu ile ciddi bir çatışma söz konusuydu. Buna rağmen hikâyelerde Bulgar’a çok az yer verilmiştir. Değinilen Bulgarların tümünün “olumsuz” imaja sahip olması da kayda değer bir diğer ilginç bulgu olarak karşımıza çıkıyor. Sıradan halk arasında mutlak “iyi” ve mutlak “kötü” karakterlere rastlanılmazken, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun temsili sultanın ve emrinde çalışan Arap, Arnavut/Arvanit gibi Müslüman yöneticilerin mutlak “kötü” şeklinde sunulduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Her ne kadar Osmanlı/Türk, diğer etnik unsurlara göre daha olumsuz algılansa da bu durum, halk arasından sıradan bir karaktere indirgenmez. Olumsuz algı, çoğunlukla Osmanlı yönetimine yöneliktir. iv Osmanlı/Türk’ün yanında yerli yabancı tüm kadınların da ötekileştirildiği görülür. İncelenen hikâyelerde kadının, Yunan resmi tarih anlatısının ulusal “öteki” olarak kabul ettiği Osmanlı/Türk’ten bile daha olumsuz algılandığı tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yunan Hikâyeleri, Kadın, 19. Yüzyıl, Ulusal Kimlik, Ulusçuluk. v EXTENDED ABSTRACT WOMEN AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN GREEK STORIES (1880–1922) ASLI ÇETE Towards the end of the 18th century, with the influence of the European Enlightenment, a variety of discussions took place among the Greek intellectuals of the Ottoman Empire about their roots, who they were and their desire to create a new order. In these discussions, the Church, which initially played an active and innovative role, increasingly clung to traditions and argued that the status quo — the position of the Greek community within the Ottoman Empire — had to be preserved. Intellectuals such as Rigas Velestinlis and Adamandios Korais, who were more revisionist in their search for an identity and a new order, suggested different ways to alter the political structure. Velestinlis imagined a state in which all citizens of the Ottoman Empire could live together equally, regardless of religion, language and ethnicity, and desired that the Hellenic element be dominant in this state he dreamt of. Korais, on the other hand, dreamt of a Greece that separated from the Ottoman Empire and gained its independence as in other nationalist movements of the period. In the early years following its establishment, the Greek national state was skeptical of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) empire, and was in a quandary over whether to include it in its national history. Nevertheless, as the prejudices about the Middle Ages were overcome in Europe by the mid-19th century, Byzantines began to settle as an intermediate period in the Greek national history. As a result of this development, traditions that were believed to had been used since the ancient Hellenic times began to be sought in the Byzantine Empire, and those that were believed to had been used since the ancient Hellenic and Byzantine times began to be sought in modern Greek society. vi Founded as a national state at the beginning of the 19th century, Greece has defined itself as the heir to the Ancient Hellenic culture through a code, which it established through language, and as the heir to the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire through another code, which it established through religion (Orthodox Christianity). These two significant identity codes came together at the official level in the second half of the 19th century to form the main building blocks of Greek national identity. As a result of a nationalist narrative history, the insistence on seeking “continuity” over time first transformed the Eastern Roman Empire into a Greek Medievalism, and then described the subsequent Ottoman Empire as a “400 years of slavery.” The freedom–slavery quandary constituted the main motive of the Greek official national narrative. In this respect, the homeland, which was imagined as a woman, had been punished by God as a result of the ever-increasing corruption in the final years of the Eastern Roman Empire and turned into a “slave” in the Ottoman Empire. Hellas, the woman who committed a “sin” and was consequently subjugated, was liberated and “disciplined” by male heroes. In this way, the “pure and glorious” days of the past were reclaimed. In this study, we investigated how the national identity and women were portrayed in the stories published between the years 1880 and 1922 by Georgios Viziinos, Alexandros Papadiamandis, Andreas Karkavitsas, Giannis Psiharis and Hristos Hristovasilis, who were the five philosophers who oriented the 19th century Greek philosophical life. We allocated the first chapter of this five-chapter thesis to the concepts of “nation” and “nationalism” and the theories proposed in this field. In the second chapter of the thesis, after a brief summary of the Modern Greek Enlightenment, we described how an effort to create an identity was undertaken from 1830, when Greece was recognized as a national state, to 1880. In this context, we discussed the Greek official narrative history and the “other” and the woman in this narrative. In the third chapter, we examined the redefinition of the national identity after 1880, how it was reproduced in compliance with the conjuncture of the period, and how it was reflected in literature. In this context, we presented historical/literary developments under four sub-headings. First, we briefly addressed the political vii events of the period and explained how the language problem, which was an integral part of Greek intellectual life and national identity, was reintroduced in the 1880s. Next, we explained the term “ithografia”, which specifically describes Greek storytelling, under a separate heading. In the fourth chapter, we discussed with examples how the national identity and the concept of native/national woman were established, how a point of view was developed towards a woman of the “other,” and according to what criteria the concepts of “femininity” and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dositheos Notaras, the Patriarch of Jerusalem (1669-1707), Confronts the Challenges of Modernity
    IN SEARCH OF A CONFESSIONAL IDENTITY: DOSITHEOS NOTARAS, THE PATRIARCH OF JERUSALEM (1669-1707), CONFRONTS THE CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Christopher George Rene IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Adviser Theofanis G. Stavrou SEPTEMBER 2020 © Christopher G Rene, September 2020 i Acknowledgements Without the steadfast support of my teachers, family and friends this dissertation would not have been possible, and I am pleased to have the opportunity to express my deep debt of gratitude and thank them all. I would like to thank the members of my dissertation committee, who together guided me through to the completion of this dissertation. My adviser Professor Theofanis G. Stavrou provided a resourceful outlet by helping me navigate through administrative channels and stay on course academically. Moreover, he fostered an inviting space for parrhesia with vigorous dialogue and intellectual tenacity on the ideas of identity, modernity, and the role of Patriarch Dositheos. It was in fact Professor Stavrou who many years ago at a Slavic conference broached the idea of an Orthodox Commonwealth that inspired other academics and myself to pursue the topic. Professor Carla Phillips impressed upon me the significance of daily life among the people of Europe during the early modern period (1450-1800). As Professor Phillips’ teaching assistant for a number of years, I witnessed lectures that animated the historical narrative and inspired students to question their own unique sense of historical continuity and discontinuities. Thank you, Professor Phillips, for such a pedagogical example.
    [Show full text]
  • In Search of Fundamentals to Resist Ethnic Calamities and Maintain National Integrity
    Scholarship Report – L. Picha Meiji Jingu & Shiseikan In Search of fundamentals to resist ethnic calamities and maintain national integrity Lefkothea Picha June-July 2013 1 Scholarship Report Meiji Jingu (明治神宮) & Shiseikan (至誠館) Contents Acknowledgements and impressions …………………………………… Page 3 a. Cultural trip at Izumo Taishia and Matsue city Introduction: Japan’s latest Tsunami versus Greek financial crisis reflecting national ethos…………………............................................................................ 6 Part 1 The Historic Horizon in Greece................................................... 7 a. Classical Period b. Persian wars c. Alexander’s the Great Empire d. Roman and Medieval Greece e. The Byzantine Period f. The Ottoman domination g. Commentary on the Byzantine epoch and Ottoman occupation h. World War II i. Greece after World War II j. Restoration of Democracy and Greek Politics in the era of Financial crisis Part 2 The liturgical and spiritual Greek ethos …………………………. 10 a. Greek mythology, the ancient Greek philosophy and Shinto b. Orthodox theology, Christian ethics and Shinto c. Purification process – Katharmos in ancient Greece, Christian Baptism and Misogi Part 3 Greek warriors’ ethos and Reflections on Bushido ..................... 14 a. Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC) b. Ancient Greek warriors armor c. Comparison of Spartan soldiers and Samurai d. The motto “freedom or death and the Greek anthem e. Monument of the unknown soldier and Yasukunii shrine f. Women warriors and their supportive role against invaders g. Reflections on Bushido and its importance in the modern era h. Personal training in Budo and relation with Shiseikan Part 4 Personal view on Greek nation’s metamorphosis………………… 20 a. From the illustrious ancestors to the cultural decay. Is catastrophy a chance to revive Greek nation? Lefkothea Picha 2 Scholarship Report Meiji Jingu (明治神宮) & Shiseikan (至誠館) Acknowledgments and impressions I would like to thank Araya Kancho for the scholarship received.
    [Show full text]
  • The Concept of “Sister Churches” in Catholic-Orthodox Relations Since
    THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA The Concept of “Sister Churches” In Catholic-Orthodox Relations since Vatican II A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Theology and Religious Studies Of The Catholic University of America In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Philosophy © Copyright All Rights Reserved By Will T. Cohen Washington, D.C. 2010 The Concept of “Sister Churches” In Catholic-Orthodox Relations since Vatican II Will T. Cohen, Ph.D. Director: Paul McPartlan, D.Phil. Closely associated with Catholic-Orthodox rapprochement in the latter half of the 20 th century was the emergence of the expression “sister churches” used in various ways across the confessional division. Patriarch Athenagoras first employed it in this context in a letter in 1962 to Cardinal Bea of the Vatican Secretariat for the Promotion of Christian Unity, and soon it had become standard currency in the bilateral dialogue. Yet today the expression is rarely invoked by Catholic or Orthodox officials in their ecclesial communications. As the Polish Catholic theologian Waclaw Hryniewicz was led to say in 2002, “This term…has now fallen into disgrace.” This dissertation traces the rise and fall of the expression “sister churches” in modern Catholic-Orthodox relations and argues for its rehabilitation as a means by which both Catholic West and Orthodox East may avoid certain ecclesiological imbalances toward which each respectively tends in its separation from the other. Catholics who oppose saying that the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church are sisters, or that the church of Rome is one among several patriarchal sister churches, generally fear that if either of those things were true, the unicity of the Church would be compromised and the Roman primacy rendered ineffective.
    [Show full text]
  • Ta Matia Nov01.P65
    www.goyanz.org.nz Issue No. 10 November 2001 GOYA 50th Reunion Greek Church Is By John Serepisos Destroyed In Wake of Towers’ Collapse abour weekend 2001 will long be remembered for the get- together of the original immigrants to New Zealand who arrived St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church, L here on the MV GOYA in three separate sailings in 1951. On a tiny church that for decades stood the Saturday afternoon a special commemorative function was held at alone in the middle of a parking lot the Greek Community Centre where a slide-show presentation was held across the street from the World Trade depicting immigrants and scenes from the GOYA voyage to New Centre, was swept away in the wave of Zealand. It was a good chance for many of the original voyagers to destruction as the complex collapsed. reflect and catch up with old friends and family. It was also a timely “I was down there on Wednesday,” says reminder to the younger generation and descendents of the hardships Father Romas, known as Father John among his congregants. “My and sacrifices that the GOYA immigrants had to endure. heart was broke in two. My church is gone — and to have so many people in the World Trade Centre that are dead.” Before the end came, the four-story building was known as a survivor, its plain white-washed walls cloaked in the shadows of the steel- and-glass skyscrapers that rose as the neighborhood evolved from a bustling immigrant enclave into a center of global finance. Property values soared, but despite developers’ continual efforts to get the church to sell out, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Legislative Council
    New South Wales Legislative Council PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) Fifty-Seventh Parliament First Session Thursday, 18 March 2021 Authorised by the Parliament of New South Wales TABLE OF CONTENTS Committees ............................................................................................................................................. 5131 Portfolio Committee No. 5 - Legal Affairs ......................................................................................... 5131 Government Response: Anti-Discrimination Amendment (Complaint Handling) Bill 2020 ........ 5131 Portfolio Committee No. 7 - Planning and Environment ................................................................... 5131 Report: Rationale for, and Impacts of, New Dams and Other Water Infrastructure in NSW - Part 1 .................................................................................................................................................................... 5131 Visitors .................................................................................................................................................... 5131 Visitors ................................................................................................................................................ 5131 Business of the House ............................................................................................................................. 5131 Postponement of Business .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Truth About Greek Occupied Macedonia
    TheTruth about Greek Occupied Macedonia By Hristo Andonovski & Risto Stefov (Translated from Macedonian to English and edited by Risto Stefov) The Truth about Greek Occupied Macedonia Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2017 by Hristo Andonovski & Risto Stefov e-book edition January 7, 2017 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface................................................................................................6 CHAPTER ONE – Struggle for our own School and Church .......8 1. Macedonian texts written with Greek letters .................................9 2. Educators and renaissance men from Southern Macedonia.........15 3. Kukush – Flag bearer of the educational struggle........................21 4. The movement in Meglen Region................................................33 5. Cultural enlightenment movement in Western Macedonia..........38 6. Macedonian and Bulgarian interests collide ................................41 CHAPTER TWO - Armed National Resistance ..........................47 1. The Negush Uprising ...................................................................47 2. Temporary Macedonian government ...........................................49
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Role of Intellectuals in the 1931 Uprising
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1999 Intellectuals and Nationalism in Cyprus: A Study of the Role of Intellectuals in the 1931 Uprising Georgios P. Loizides Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Loizides, Georgios P., "Intellectuals and Nationalism in Cyprus: A Study of the Role of Intellectuals in the 1931 Uprising" (1999). Master's Theses. 3885. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/3885 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTELLECTUALS AND NATIONALISM IN CYPRUS: A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUALS IN THE 1931 UPRISING by Georgios P. Loizides A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Sociology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 1999 Copyright by Georgios P. Loizides 1999 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to begin by thanking the members of my Thesis Committee, Dr. Paula Brush (chair), Dr. Douglas Davidson, and Dr. Vyacheslav Karpov for their invaluable help, guidance and insight, before and during the whole thesis-pregnancy period. Secondly, I would like to thank my friends and colleagues at the Department of Sociology for their feedback and support, without which this pro­ ject would surely be less informed. Georgios P.
    [Show full text]
  • Extensions of Remarks E565 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS
    April 7, 2005 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E565 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TRIBUTE TO DR. ANDREW MES- erations through investing in the long-term tries have since agreed to normalize relations. SENGER, A TRUE FRIEND OF mission of the Leadership Institute. Although inexplicable, even after 12 long LIBERTY Thank you, Dr. Messenger, for investing in years of discussion and debate between the the lives of the future leaders of this country representatives of Greece and Macedonia, HON. RON PAUL through your faithful and generous support of and a host of international mediators, dif- OF TEXAS the Leadership Institute. ferences over Macedonia’s official name re- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES f main. Recently, last November, the United States Wednesday, April 6, 2005 PERSONAL EXPLANATION joined 108 other nations in officially recog- Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, I rise to pay tribute nizing the constitutional name of the Republic to a friend and patriot, Dr. Andrew L. Mes- HON. RON LEWIS of Macedonia. America’s official recognition of senger, of Riverdale, Michigan. OF KENTUCKY the Republic of Macedonia should be seen as As a physician, I know Dr. Messenger is the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a clear message to both sides that this dispute type of doctor all of us would want to have to over the name has simply gone on too long. take care of us. He is capable, loves his work, Wednesday, April 6, 2005 A new, accelerated round of discussions be- genuinely cares about his patients, and is al- Mr. LEWIS of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, I was tween officials from Greece and Macedonia— ways available if someone needs him.
    [Show full text]
  • 93323765-Mack-Ridge-Language-And
    Language and National Identity in Greece 1766–1976 This page intentionally left blank Language and National Identity in Greece 1766–1976 PETER MACKRIDGE 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Peter Mackridge 2009 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mackridge, Peter.
    [Show full text]
  • Essays in Orthodox Ecclesiology
    ESSAYS IN ORTHODOX ECCLESIOLOGY Vladimir Moss © Copyright: Vladimir Moss, 2014. All Rights Reserved. 1 INTRODUCTION 4 1. THE CHURCH AS THE BRIDE OF CHRIST 5 2. DO HERETICS HAVE THE GRACE OF SACRAMENTS? 20 3. THE BRANCH AND MONOLITH THEORIES OF THE CHURCH 42 4. THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCHATE AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER 52 5. THE CYPRIANITES, THE TIKHONITES AND BISHOP AGATHANGELUS 58 6. WHAT IS THE LOCAL CHURCH? 62 7. THE HERESY OF ECCLESIASTICAL ELITISM 76 8. ON THE CONDEMNATION OF HERETICS 80 9. THE CESSATION OF DIALOGUE 94 10. THE LIMITS OF THE CHURCH: A REVIEW OF THE ARGUMENT 97 11. “THERE IS NONE THAT WATCHETH OUT FOR MY SOUL” 106 12. PATRISTIC TESTIMONIES ON THE BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST 112 13. SCRIPTURAL AND PATRISTIC TESTIMONIES ON THE NECESSITY OF HAVING NO COMMUNION WITH HERETICS AND SCHISMATICS 122 14. KHOMIAKOV ON SOBORNOST’ 125 15. THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT 130 16. THE UNITY OF THE TRUE ORTHODOX CHURCH 145 17. ON NOT ROCKING THE BOAT 160 18. ORTHODOXY, UNIVERSALISM AND NATIONALISM 169 19. IN DEFENCE OF THE TRUE ORTHODOX CHURCH OF GREECE 187 20. THE POWER OF ANATHEMA 193 21. THE APOSTOLIC SUCCESSION OF THE ROMANIAN OLD CALENDARIST CHURCHES 210 22. IS THE SERBIAN TRUE ORTHODOX CHURCH SCHISMATIC? 219 23. TOWARDS THE EIGHTH ECUMENICAL COUNCIL 243 24. THE KALLINIKITE UNIA 250 25. TOWARDS THE “MAJOR SYNOD” OF THE TRUE ORTHODOX CHURCH 262 2 26. THE KALLINIKITE UNIA – CONTINUED 271 3 INTRODUCTION This book collects into one place various articles on ecclesiological themes that I have written in the last fifteen years or so.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revival of Political Hesychasm in Greek Orthodox Thought: a Study of the Hesychast Basis of the Thought of John S
    ABSTRACT The Revival of Political Hesychasm in Greek Orthodox Thought: A Study of the Hesychast Basis of the Thought of John S. Romanides and Christos Yannaras Daniel Paul Payne, B.A., M.Div. Mentor: Derek H. Davis, Ph.D. In the 1940s Russian émigré theologians rediscovered the ascetic-theology of St. Gregory Palamas. Palamas’s theology became the basis for an articulation of an Orthodox theological identity apart from Roman Catholic and Protestant influences. In particular the “Neo-Patristic Synthesis” of Fr. Georges Florovsky and the appropriation of Palamas’s theology by Vladimir Lossky set the course for future Orthodox theology in the twentieth century. Their thought had a direct influence upon the thought of Greek theologians John S. Romanides and Christos Yannaras in the late twentieth century. Each of these theologians formulated a political theology using the ascetic-theology of Palamas combined with the Roman identity of the Greek Orthodox people. Both of these thinkers called for a return to the ecclesial-communal life of the late Byzantine period as an alternative to the secular vision of the modern West. The resulting paradigm developed by their thought has led to the formation of what has been called the “Neo- Orthodox Movement.” Essentially, what the intellectual and populist thinkers of the movement have expressed in their writings is “political hesychasm.” Romanides and Yannaras desire to establish an Orthodox identity that separates the Roman aspect from the Hellenic element of Greek identity. The Roman identity of the Greek people is the Orthodox Christian element removed from the pagan Hellenism, which, as they argue, the Western powers imposed on the Greek people in the establishment of the modern nation-state of Greece in 1821.
    [Show full text]
  • The Parastatiki GEOMETRY in GREEK EDUCATION of 19TH
    Journal of Applied Mathematics & Bioinformatics, vol.7, no.3, 2017, 13-82 ISSN: 1792-6602 (print), 1792-6939 (online) Scienpress Ltd, 2017 Descriptive Geometry in the Greek Military and Technical Education during the 19th Century Andreas Kastanis1 Abstract Greece came into contact with Descriptive Geometry (henceforth, DG) relatively early. Monge’s courses were taught for a long time in the Greek Military Academy. During the second half of the 19th century the teaching of Descriptive Geometry blossomed. In some of its applications, and especially in the field of Perspective, there were certain ideological obstacles, which were, however, overcome with the advent of Enlightenment. The teaching of DG was extended at the Greek Technical University (Polytechnic School), at the Greek Naval Academy and the School of Non-commissioned Officers (NCO). The French textbooks, written by Leroy or Olivier, were used as the core material for the Greek handbooks. During the last two decades of the 19th Century, the first books which were published in Greek, were mostly translations of the aforementioned French ones. It is also noteworthy that the vast majority of professors were military officers. 1 Department of Theoretical Sciences, Hellenic Military Academy, 166 73, Vari Attikis, Greece. E-mail: [email protected] Article Info: Received : October 30, 2015. Revised : January 28, 2016. Published online : December 30, 2017. 14 Descriptive Geometry in the Greek Military and Technical Education … Keywords: Descriptive Geometry; Monge; Leroy; Olivier; Military Academy; Greece 1 Introduction DG was the development from a technique of representing a three- dimensional object on a plane by projecting it onto two perpendiculars in each plane [18, 4; 2, 887].
    [Show full text]