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ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFLECTIONS OF IDENTITY ON ARCHITECTURE IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION M.Sc. THESIS Deniz Ceren KUDUĞ Department of Architecture Architectural Design Programme JANUARY 2014 ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REFLECTIONS OF IDENTITY ON ARCHITECTURE IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION M.Sc. THESIS Deniz Ceren KUDUĞ (502051009) Department of Architecture Architectural Design Programme Thesis Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pelin DURSUN JANUARY 2014 İSTANBUL TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ KÜRESELLEŞME ÇAĞINDA KİMLİĞİN MİMARLIK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Deniz Ceren KUDUĞ (502051009) Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı Mimari Tasarım Programı Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Pelin DURSUN OCAK 2014 Deniz Ceren Kuduğ, a M.Sc. student of ITU Institute of Science and Technology 502051009, successfully defended the thesis entitled “REFLECTIONS OF IDENTITY ON ARCHITECTURE IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION”, which she prepared after fulfilling the requirements specified in the associated legislations, before the jury whose signatures are below. Thesis Advisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pelin DURSUN .............................. İstanbul Technical University Jury Members : Prof. Dr. Belkıs ULUOĞLU ............................. İstanbul Technical University Prof. Dr. Zuhal ULUSOY .............................. Kadir Has University Date of Submission : 16 December 2013 Date of Defense : 22 January 2014 v vi To my spouse and my family, vii viii FOREWORD I am so grateful to my advisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pelin Dursun for her academic assistance and psychological support, to my family and my spouse Arman Kuduğ for their help, patience, understanding and encouragement, to Prof. Dr. Ashraf Salama for his professional advices, assistance and contributions during the completion process of this study. December 2013 Deniz Ceren KUDUĞ (Architect) ix x TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ............................................................................................................. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. xiii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xv SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. xxi ÖZET ...................................................................................................................... xxiii 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 2. IDENTITY AND GLOBALIZATION ................................................................. 5 2.1 Consequences of Globalization on Identity ..................................................... 19 2.2 Construction of Identities in the Age of Globalization .................................... 34 3. EFFECTS OF IDENTITY ON ARCHITECTURE IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION ................................................................................................. 51 3.1 Architecture and Identity .................................................................................. 51 3.2 Globalization, Architecture and Identity .......................................................... 62 3.2.1 Homogenization of architecture in global cities and creation of iconicity by ‘star architects’ for city branding ......................................................... 69 3.2.2 Alternative architectural approaches in the global age in relation to identity concept ......................................................................................... 87 3.2.3 The main problematic of “architecture-identity” relation in the age of globalization ........................................................................................... 139 4. ANALYZING THE ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSES REGARDING IDENTITY IN THE CITY OF DOHA ................................................................ 143 4.1 City of Doha ................................................................................................... 143 4.2 Analysis of Examples in Doha ....................................................................... 152 4.2.1 Tornado Tower ........................................................................................ 153 4.2.2 Aspire Zone ............................................................................................. 160 4.2.2.1 Aspire Mosque ................................................................................. 163 4.2.2.2 Aspire Tower (The Torch Hotel) ..................................................... 165 4.2.2.3 Khalifa Stadium and Aspire Dome, Aspire Zone ............................ 168 4.2.3 Souq Waqif ............................................................................................. 172 4.2.4 Doha Tower ............................................................................................. 182 4.2.5 Texas A&M Engineering College in Doha Education City .................... 188 4.2.6 Museum of Islamic Art (MIA) ................................................................ 198 4.2.7 Liberal Arts and Sciences Building (LAS) ............................................. 206 4.2.8 Msheireb Development Project, Heart of Doha ...................................... 213 4.3 Evaluation ....................................................................................................... 229 5. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 237 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 249 CURRICULUM VITAE ........................................................................................ 265 xi xii LIST OF TABLES Page Table 5.1 : Urban spaces of Doha associated with building examples given within the study. ............................................................................................... 232 Table 5.2 : Analysis of identity referentials in architecture addressing the responses of the analyzed buildings to the problematic of continuity. .................. 233 xiii xiv LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2.1 : Differentiating parameters and conditions while relating identity to a social representation and the unstable condition of the representation as a consequence. ..................................................................................... 12 Figure 2.2 : Reflexive nature of identity and “resistance” as an overcome mechanism. .......................................................................................... 14 Figure 2.3 : Identity and change (Url-001). ............................................................ 18 Figure 2.4 : Chaotic condition of identity (Url-002). .............................................. 24 Figure 2.5: Universal values and consciousness imposed by images (Author) ..... 25 Figure 2.6 : Interconnectedness of globalization (Url-003) (Url-004). ................... 27 Figure 2.7 : Global electronic, informational and cybernetic technologies for information and communication (Url-005) (Url-006). ........................ 28 Figure 2.8 : Dominant global culture (Url-007) (Url-008) (Url-009). .................... 28 Figure 2.9 : Picasso’s Guernica and Spice Girls (Url-010) (Url-011). ................... 29 Figure 2.10 : Immigration questions authenticity (Url-012) (Url-013) (Url-014). ... 31 Figure 2.11 : Hybridity (Url-015). ............................................................................ 33 Figure 2.12 : Global dominance and resistance (Url-016) (Url-017). ...................... 36 Figure 2.13 : Imagined communities (Url-018). ....................................................... 39 Figure 2.14 : Global identities (Url-019). ................................................................. 48 Figure 3.1 : Place and identity (Url-020). ............................................................... 56 Figure 3.2 : Architecture and identity (Url-021). .................................................... 65 Figure 3.3 : Lost concept of place (Url-022). ......................................................... 66 Figure 3.4 : Globalization and architecture (Url-023). ........................................... 68 Figure 3.5 : Guggenheim Bilbao (Url-024). ........................................................... 71 Figure 3.6 : Monumental massiveness versus global iconicity (Url-025) (Url-026). ............................................................................................................. 75 Figure 3.7 : “Cloud” by Will Alsop (Url-027). ....................................................... 77 Figure 3.8 : Eye-catching iconicity (Url-028). ........................................................ 78 Figure 3.9 : High-rise iconicity dominating the city, St. Mary Axe (Gherkin) building in London (Url-029) (Url-030). ............................................ 80 Figure 3.10 : Taipei 101 tower in Taiwan (Url-031). ............................................... 81 Figure 3.11 : Central Business District in Singapore (Url-032). .............................. 82 Figure 3.12 : London bridge tower (The shard) by Renzo Piano (Url-033). ............ 82 Figure 3.13 : Millennium Dome by Zaha Hadid (Url-034). ..................................... 84 Figure