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2010 Reference Guide.Indd

2010 Reference Guide.Indd

TALL BUILDINGS The 2010 CTBUH Reference Guide of the what, when and where of tall and urban

TALL BUILDINGS The 2010 CTBUH Reference Guide of the what, when and where of tall and urban

www.ctbuh.org Editor Antony Wood

Coordinating Editor & Design Nathaniel Hollister

Other Contributors Steven Henry, Jan Klerks, Matthew Lacey, Marshall Gerometta, Philip Oldfi eld

Published by The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

© CTBUH 2010

Printed and bound in by Source4.

Copyright 2010 Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

ISBN 978-0-939493-30-2

CTBUH has endeavored to determine the copyright holders of all images. Those uncredited have been sourced from listed authors or from within CTBUH

Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

S. R. Crown Hall t: +1 312 567 3487 Institute of Technology f: +1 312 567 3820 3360 South State Street e: [email protected] Chicago, IL 60616-3793 www.ctbuh.org

Tall Buildings: A Reference Guide

This reference guide provides a snapshot of tall buildings internationally, through data, graphs and statistics1. In addition to documenting what is already built, it looks to those projects currently under construction and those proposed, thus giving a clear indication of the trends and directions in the industry. It also describes the CTBUH height criteria upon which tall buildings are measured, and profi les other output from the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat; the recognized source of information on all things tall and urban.

1 Unless otherwise noted all data contained within this reference guide is accurate as of January 4th, 2010.

Contents

Height Criteria and Defi nitions 7 What is a Tall Building? 8 How is the Height of a Tall Building Measured? 10 Other Criteria: Status, Structure, Floors 12 Height Calculator 14

World’s Tallest 17 The Tallest Ten 18 World’s Tallest Lists 30 50 Tallest Urban Agglomerations 38

Annual Review of Construction 43 2009: A Tall Building Review 44 2008: A Tall Building Review 54

The Past, Present and Future of Tall 63 History of the World’s Tallest 64 Rise of the Supertall 68 Innovative 20: Challenging the Typology 72

Award Winners 85 2009 Award Winners 86 Best Tall Building Awards Criteria & History 91 Lynn S. Beedle Award 94 Medal 96

CTBUH Resources 99 World Congresses/Conferences 100 Publications 104 Other Activities and Output 112

Contents 5 The Tallest Ten

The World’s Tallest Ten has undergone dramatic change in the last decade. Three buildings have held the “World’s Tallest Building” title in the last six years, most recently the . Of the tallest ten buildings in the world currently, fi ve have been completed since 2003. The mid to long term will inevitably be aff ected by the current global economic recession as less supertall buildings are currently starting on site. However, the recent rapid change of the Tallest Ten is predicted to continue in the immediate future, with fi ve new Tallest Ten buildings scheduled to complete in the next year or two, and numerous others completing after that. The fi ve buildings close to completion are: Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel (591m/1939ft); International Commerce Centre (, 483m/1585ft); Nanjing Greenland Financial Center (450m/1476ft); Guangzhou International Finance Center (440m/1444ft); and Kingkey Finance Center (, 439m/1440ft).

See pages 28–29 for a diagram and analysis of the tallest ten buildings.

18 World's Tallest Tall Buildings: A Reference Guide (1) Burj Khalifa , UAE

Height 828m/2717ft Highest Floor 585m/1918ft Height to Tip 830m/2723ft

Completion 2010 Building Use Offi ce/Residential/Hotel Structural Material Steel/Concrete Total Floors 162 Total Area 464,511 m²/5,000,118 ft²

Owner/Developer Emaar Properties Architect Skidmore Owings & Merrill LLP Structural Engineer Skidmore Owings & Merrill LLP MEP ETA M&E Contractor Samsung Engineering and Construction; Arabtec; Besix s e ie i tie ti t rtie e p rope r P r P rP ar P a P ma ©Ema ©Em ©E ©

World's Tallest 19 World’s Tallest Ten (as of January 4th, 2010)

Height is measured from the level of the lowest, signifi cant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, fl ag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to defi ne the CTBUH rankings of the World’s Tallest Buildings.

See page 10–13 (Height Criteria and Defi nitions) for a full description of the CTBUH height criteria, defi nitions and footnotes.

828m/2717ft

508m/1667ft 492m/1614ft Burj Khalifa 452m/1483ft Dubai 2010

Taipei 101 Taipei World 2004 Financial Center Shanghai 2008 1 & 2 1998

1 2 3 4 5

28 World's Tallest Tall Buildings: A Reference Guide Location Completion

Asia N. America 2010 1990’s Middle East 2000’s 1970’s

Structural Material Function

Steel Composite Offi ce Mixed-Use Concrete Steel/Concrete

442m/1451ft 423m/1389ft 421m/1380ft 412m/1352ft 390m/1280ft

Willis Tower Chicago 1974 Trump International Hotel & Tower Jin Mao Building Chicago Two International Shanghai CITIC Plaza 2009 Finance Centre 1999 Guangzhou Hong Kong 1996 2003

6 7 8 9 10

World's Tallest 29 World’s Tallest Lists

The CTBUH organizes tall building projects into three major catagories1: completed, under construction and proposals. The following pages provide lists and statistical information on: the 100 tallest buildings completed, the 50 tallest buildings under construction and the 50 tallest proposals.

1For a full defi nition of CTBUH building status categories, see page 12.

30 World's Tallest Tall Buildings: A Reference Guide The Tallest Buildings Completed

The charts below provide an analysis of the tallest 100 completed2 buildings worldwide as of January 2010. The table on the following pages contains information on these projects, including: building name, location, year of completion, number of stories, height in meters and in feet to architectural top and structural material.

Location Completion (decade) Structural Material

4% 4% 5% 7% 28% 11% 41% 24% 35% 49%

28% 18% 41%

Asia Australasia 1930’s 1980’s Steel Steel/Concrete Middle East Europe 1960’s 1990’s Concrete Concrete/Steel N. America 1970’s 2000’s Composite Unknown

FunctionHeight (meters) Stories

5% 5% 7% 7% 20% 17%

11% 34% 57% 62% 72%

Hotel Mixed-Use 200’s 500’s 1–49 100–124 Offi ce 300’s 800+ 50–75 125+ Residential 400’s 75–99

2A completed building can be considered such – and added to the “tallest” lists – if it fulfi lls all of the following three criteria: 1) topped out structurally and architecturally, 2) fully-clad, 3) open for business, or at least partially occupied.

World's Tallest 31 The World’s 100 Tallest Buildings (Part 1) # Building Location Completion Stories Height (m) Height (ft) Material 1. Burj Khalifa Dubai 2010 168 828 2717 Steel/Concrete 2. Taipei 2004 101 508 1667 Composite 3. Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai 2008 101 492 1614 Composite 4. Petronas Tower 1 Kuala Lumpur 1998 88 452 1483 Composite 4. Petronas Tower 2 Kuala Lumpur 1998 88 452 1483 Composite 6. Chicago 1974 108 442 1451 Steel 7. Trump International Hotel & Tower Chicago 2009 98 423 1389 Concrete 8. Jin Mao Building Shanghai 1999 88 421 1380 Composite 9. Two International Finance Centre Hong Kong 2003 88 412 1352 Composite 10. CITIC Plaza Guangzhou 1996 80 390 1280 Concrete 11. Shenzhen 1996 69 384 1260 Composite 12. 1931 102 381 1250 Steel 13. Central Plaza Hong Kong 1992 78 374 1227 Concrete 14. Bank of Hong Kong 1989 70 367 1205 Composite 15. Bank of America Tower New York 2009 54 365 1198 Steel 16. Dubai 2008 68 360 1181 Concrete 17. Emirates Tower One Dubai 1999 54 355 1165 Composite 18. Tuntex Kaohsiung 1997 85 348 1140 Composite 19. Center Chicago 1973 83 346 1136 Steel 20. Hong Kong 1998 73 346 1135 Steel 21. Chicago 1969 100 344 1128 Steel 22. Rose Rotana Tower Dubai 2007 72 333 1093 Composite 23. Shimao International Plaza Shanghai 2006 60 333 1093 Concrete 24. 2008 68 331 1087 Steel 25. China World Trade Center III Beijing 2009 74 330 1083 Steel 26. Gold Coast 2005 78 323 1058 Concrete 27. Hotel Dubai 1999 60 321 1053 Composite 28. I Hong Kong 2006 80 319 1046 Concrete 29. New York 1930 77 319 1046 Steel 30. New York Times Tower New York 2007 52 319 1046 Steel 31. Bank of America Plaza Atlanta 1993 55 317 1039 Composite 32. U.S. Bank Tower Los Angeles 1990 73 310 1018 Steel 33. Menara Telekom Headquarters Kuala Lumpur 1999 55 310 1017 Concrete 34. Emirates Tower Two Dubai 2000 56 309 1014 Concrete 35. AT&T Corporate Center Chicago 1989 60 307 1007 Composite 36. The Burj Dubai Dubai 2008 63 306 1004 Concrete 37. JP Morgan 1982 75 305 1002 Composite 38. Baiyoke Tower II Bangkok 1997 85 304 997 Concrete 39. Chicago 1990 64 303 995 Concrete 40. Wells Fargo Plaza Houston 1983 71 302 992 Steel 41. Riyadh 2002 41 302 992 Steel/Concrete 42. Kuwait City 2009 60 300 984 Concrete 43. 2006 36 300 984 Composite 44. Hong Kong 2008 69 298 979 Concrete 45. First Bank Tower Toronto 1975 72 298 978 Steel 46. Melbourne 2006 91 297 975 Concrete 47. 2008 57 297 974 Composite 48. Landmark Tower Yokohama 1993 73 296 972 Steel 49. Dubai 2008 63 296 971 Concrete 50. 311 South Chicago 1990 65 293 961 Concrete

Asia Middle East N. America Australasia Europe

32 World's Tallest Tall Buildings: A Reference Guide The World’s 100 Tallest Buildings (Part 2) # Building Location Completion Stories Height (m) Height (ft) Material 51. SEG Plaza Shenzhen 2000 71 292 957 Concrete 52. American International Building New York 1932 67 290 952 Steel 53. Key Tower 1991 57 289 947 Composite 54. Shanghai 2001 66 288 945 Steel/Concrete 55. One Liberty Place Philadelphia 1987 61 288 945 Steel 56. Dubai 2006 59 285 935 Concrete 57. Shanghai 2003 55 285 934 Concrete 58. Seattle 1984 76 284 933 Composite 59. Chongqing World Trade Center Chongqing 2005 60 283 929 Concrete 60. Cheung Kong Centre Hong Kong 1999 63 283 928 Steel 61. The Trump Building New York 1930 71 283 927 Steel 62. Bank of America Plaza Dallas 1985 72 281 921 Composite 63. United Overseas Bank Plaza Singapore 1992 66 280 919 Steel 64. Singapore 1995 66 280 919 Composite 65. Overseas Union Bank Centre Singapore 1986 63 280 919 Steel 66. Citigroup Center New York 1977 59 279 915 Steel 67. Hong Kong New World Tower Shanghai 2002 61 278 913 Composite 68. Diwang International Commerce Center Nanning 2006 54 276 906 Concrete 69. Scotia Plaza Toronto 1989 68 275 902 Composite 70. Williams Tower Houston 1983 64 275 901 Steel 71. Wuhan World Trade Tower Wuhan 1998 60 273 896 72. I Hong Kong 2008 68 270 886 Concrete 72. The Cullinan II Hong Kong 2008 68 270 886 Concrete 74. Renaissance Tower Dallas 1975 56 270 886 Steel 75. China International Center Tower B Guangzhou 2007 62 269 884 Concrete 76. Dapeng International Plaza Guangzhou 2006 56 269 883 Composite 77. Dubai 2003 55 269 883 Concrete 78. One Shanghai 2008 47 269 883 Concrete 79. Naberezhnaya Tower C Moscow 2007 61 268 881 Composite 80. Al Faisaliah Center Riyadh 2000 30 267 876 Steel/Concrete 81. 900 North Avenue Chicago 1989 66 265 871 Concrete/Steel 82. Bank of America Corporate Center Charlotte 1992 60 265 871 Concrete 83. Al Kazim Tower 1 Dubai 2008 53 265 869 Concrete 83. Al Kazim Tower 2 Dubai 2008 53 265 869 Concrete 85. BOCOM Financial Towers Shanghai 1999 50 265 869 Concrete 86. 120 Collins St. Melbourne 1991 52 265 869 Concrete 87. SunTrust Plaza Atlanta 1993 60 264 867 Concrete 88. Triumph Palace Moscow 2005 61 260 853 Concrete 89. Tower Palace Three, Tower G Seoul 2004 73 264 865 Composite 90. Trump World Tower New York 2001 72 262 861 Concrete 91. Chicago 1976 74 262 859 Concrete 92. Grand Gateway Plaza I Shanghai 2005 54 262 859 Concrete 92. Grand Gateway Plaza II Shanghai 2005 54 262 859 Concrete 94. Chicago 2009 87 262 858 Concrete 95. Los Angeles 1974 62 262 858 Steel 96. BCE Place-Canada Trust Tower Toronto 1990 53 261 856 Composite 97. Grand Lisboa Macau 2008 47 261 856 Steel/Concrete 98. Dual Towers 1 Manama 2007 53 260 853 Concrete 98. Dual Towers 2 Manama 2007 53 260 853 Concrete 100. 101 Collins Street Melbourne 1991 50 260 853 Composite

Asia Middle East N. America Australasia Europe

World's Tallest 33 The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, based at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, is an international not-for-profit organization supported by architecture, engineering, planning, development and construction professionals, designed to facilitate exchanges among those involved in all aspects of the planning, design, construction and operation of tall buildings.

The CTBUH is the world’s leading body in the fi eld of tall buildings and the recognized source of information on tall buildings internationally. It is the arbiter of tall building height and determiner of the title of “The World’s Tallest Building.”

Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

S. R. Crown Hall t: +1 312 567 3487 Illinois Institute of Technology f: +1 312 567 3820 3360 South State Street e: [email protected] Chicago, IL 60616-3793 www.ctbuh.org

ISBN 978-0-939493-30-2

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