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ENG 26 cities but the shortage of roads, utility vehicles for Europeans and for new markets and greater legislation and affordable power the Japanese. While the American energy efficiency. Consequently The roots of the automobile 1860-1900: sources held back their emergence. 1900-1939: 1945-1973: market featured models such 1974-1995: carmakers tailored their production Although the automotive industry as the Ford Super Deluxe (1946) to market needs and designed more The emergence from the at first opted for commercial and the forging of a world on and the Cadillac Coupe DeVille efficiency and functional vehicles such as people industry in Barcelona public transport, by the late 19th (1955), the Citroën 2CV, Mini Austin carriers and compact sports cars. century private transport had Rover (1959), Trabant 601 (1960) This adjustment and technological AUTOMOBILE / horse to the become the priority. In this period a new project wheels and Renault 4 (1961) were being robotization investment gave rise to automation automobile races began and the driven on Europe’s roads. However, in the industry’s factories, especially While industrial Europe was After the Second World War (1939- The 1973 oil crisis brought the A standard bearer of BCN of an industry combustion first big carmakers were established: the technological nest which 1945) the United States was the the 1973 oil crisis led to a global automobile industry to its knees. in Japan and South Korea. We URBAN HISTORY Benz (1890), Peugeot (1896), Opel, fostered the birth of the car, world’s greatest economic power. economic recession which had a The boom in the preceding years were on the threshold of the the second industrial GUIDE The automotive industry has been more efficient Renault (1898), FIAT and Buick. In from the beginning of the 20th Once the West had weathered special impact on the automotive and the emergence of markets in technological revolution of the revolution engine Barcelona the first make of Spanish century the United States led the first post-war period, the industry. Although Spain had been Socialist and Third World countries early 21st century. than other sectors in addressing the economic crises The second industrial The age of the automobile began. car was created, La Cuadra (1899). the automobile industry. The automotive industry, which had part of the car boom, it joined it were slowing down. Production experienced since the start of the second industrial late on in the early 1960s due to revolution was especially There were still no large companies News about automobile pioneers new oil fields and chemical been restructured following the costs rose and financial returns fell. revolution. Companies which have been able to industry were significant, but 1929 crisis, went through a period the Civil War (1936-1939) and the Sales dropped by 30% between vibrant in Barcelona and and engines were designed its hinterland. The legacy retain optimal scaling strategies and empathy for by engineers and scientists in 1769. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot builds the the really determining factors of unprecedented expansion Franco regime’s economic autarchy 1979 and 1983. For manufacturers first steam vehicle. were its large market, an with the American market in full policy. and users alike, cars were now an handed down (experience in new technology have become stronger and once workshops. These were the years the trade, business diligence of technological inventions and 1839. Robert Anderson devises the first exporting strategy and making recovery, a willing Europe, major expensive product to make, buy again drawn in countless economic and social electric vehicle. cars affordable as a result of US investment and an emerging and drive. The industry reacted by and innovative spirit) opened practical solutions, times of fierce the way to technological 1886. Karl F. Benz creates the first new production and work Publicity for the Ford at the Motor Shoe, economic power in Japan. These cutting production costs, offshoring activities. competition between steam-power innovations (the spark-ignition enthusiasts and advocates of the vehicle with an internal combustion organisation systems such as 1924. AGFB were the years of large cars for factories, merging manufacturers engine. the assembly line introduced the American middle-classes and and investing heavily in the search engine, organic chemistry) and internal combustion engine. The the use of new power sources . At the Universal Exposition in by Ford in 1913, or Sloanism, AFGB guidelines were set by carriages and 1889 (oil, gas and electricity). The Paris the car is presented to the public which enabled General Motors steam technology. Noisy machines automotive industry is the started driving around towns and for the first time. to offer a range of very diverse models in the mid-1920s. outcome of this process of Starting in 1920 countless industrial diversification and manufacturers sprang up internationalisation of the all over the place, yet three economy and trade. of them set the standard: Ford (1903) in the cars for all strategy, Rolls Royce (1906) Illustration of a factory, 1929 AGFB as a luxury brand and Bugatti (1909) in sports cars. However, the economic crisis in 1929 The automobile arrives slowed the industry down Right from the outset Barcelona was involved in developing and and this led to manufacturers implementing the global automotive industry. Unlike other sectors in the merging or closing, adopting economy, this industry was driven by local entrepreneurs and financiers. cost-cutting strategies and The shortage of oil and committing to large-scale gas led to hydraulic Cartoon by Cesc. Assem- markets. blea Obrera underground power production and magazine. CCOO trade foreign capital had union at SEAT. facilities for investing Benz automobile patent, 1886 Poster for the Universal Exhibition of Paris, Oldsmobile advertisement, 1938. AGFB AMSEAT FOIM, 1968. AGFB in strategic sectors 1889. AGFB such as chemicals. Furthermore, the city’s excellent geographical location was reinforced Yellow by infrastructure works 1895 Manifesto. AGFB in roads, railways and In the United its port. This effort paid States the car magazine off: Barcelona and its The Horseless Age is surroundings became published. The appearance 1964 established as a leading of automobiles marks the Speed and industrial district for end of horse-based technology; the car is the automobiles. civilisation. horse of the hero of the Wikicommons new westerns. Museu d’Història de Barcelona 1928 Registration plate of James Plaça del Rei, s/n. 08002 Barcelona Bond’s car, 1964. Alamy The Yellow Stock Photo Information and bookings: [email protected] 1914 Manifesto, a surrealist 93 256 21 22 Films and cars statement signed by 1957 Salvador Dalí, Lluís Montanyà 1934 barcelona.cat/museuhistoria become the paradigm of Taxis have become The SEAT 600 1904 modernity. Charlie Chaplin and Sebastià Gasch, mentions is the first car for the facebook.com/barcelonacultura 1925 the symbol of cities. In 1955 Writer and suffragette devises the role of his classic the Motor Show in one of its working-classes in twitter.com/bcncultura Political Barcelona they have been Cars become Share of the Hispano Suiza company, 1918 Emilia Pardo Bazán gets character, a tramp wearing points. Spain. leaders and black and yellow since 1934. standards of into a car to demand gender a hat, in the movie Kid Golden Arrow automobile, Prieto Rius family, 1960. MUHBA URBAN HISTORY GUIDES magnates use the car Taxi of the David make. Author: technology and equality. Auto Races at Venice. 1929. AGFB Arxiu Francesc Prieto as a symbol of power. Enfo/Wikicommons functionality yet also Paradigm of modernity 1. BARCINO/BCN 14. INDIANES 1736-1847 / BCN Sant Feliu de Codines, c. 1920. Rolls Royce Phantom (1925) beauty. 2. GAUDI/BCN 15. REREGUARDA/BCN MMCX Sant Feliu de Codines In 1901 Pere Romeu i Borràs, owner of Els Quatre Gats, replaced the picture in Barcelona (1929). Citroën DS. AGFB by his friend Ramon Casas on the walls of the premises showing the two 3. DIAGONAL/BCN 16. ROMANESQUE 11th-13th / BCN Author: Bert. AGFB of them on a tandem by another in which they are travelling by car at 4. PARCS/BCN 17. CALL/BCN high speed. It was a sign of the new times. In this café, a favoured haunt of 5. GOTHIC/BCN 18. BALCONADA/BCN Catalan Art Nouveau artists, internal combustion engines were inspiring 6. WATER/BCN 19. INDIANS 1835-1888 / BCN 1982 the future. 7. BARRAQUES/BCN 20. MACOSA/BCN 1917 Thousands of In the Mexican 8. DEFENSA 1936-39 / BCN 21. II GUERRA MUNDIAL 1939-1945/BCN 1948 images of what the (1910) and Russian (1917) 9. ORIENT/BCN 22. LA MAQUINISTA / BCN Cars are seen as cars of the future will revolutions, vehicles carry a private space and a be like are generated. 10. SEAT 1950-65 / BCN 23. PUIG I CADAFALCH / BCN ideas and combat. 11. POBLENOU/BCN 24. SEXUALITATS S.XX / BCN beacon of freedom. Jack Blade Runner, 1982. Warner Children’s drawing, Russia Kerouac begins writing his Bros 12. TEATRES/BCN 25. AIGUA KM ZERO / BCN 1917. State Historical novel On the Road. 13. COOPERATIVES 1842-1939/BCN Museum of Russia Wikicommons © of the MUHBA edition, 2019 1st edition: May 2019 AUTHOR Marià Hispano Vilaseca REVISION Tomàs Fernández de Sevilla Mary Anderson llenges of globalisation and connect The vitality of the automotive sector’s auxiliary industry PUBLISHING COORDINATORS Marta Iglesias and Ana Shelly Oldsmobile The automotive sector and creates the windscreen to global markets and international Vehicle
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