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The Politics of Executive Constraints Across Sub-Saharan Africa
REINING IN THE BIG MEN: THE POLITICS OF EXECUTIVE CONSTRAINTS ACROSS SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Kristin Alisa McKie January 2012 © 2012 Kristin Alisa McKie REINING IN THE BIG MEN: THE POLITICS OF EXECUTIVE CONSTRAINTS ACROSS SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Kristin Alisa McKie, Ph. D. Cornell University 2012 Under what conditions does the rule of law, especially with regards to the constraining of executive power, become institutionalized in newly liberalized countries where presidential authority has historically been greatly unchecked? This dissertation explores this puzzle by exploring two inter-related questions: first, why would a longtime ruling party acquiesce to institutional constraints being placed on the executive in the first place, and second, once implemented, why are these institutional rules able to successfully constrain leaders in some sub-Saharan states but not others? To address both questions, my dissertation investigates variation in the adoption of, and later adherence to, executive term limit laws and other constraints on presidential power across Africa. Based on both a medium-n quantitative analysis and extensive qualitative interview and archival data collected during eleven months of fieldwork in Uganda and Zambia, I construct an explanation that challenges previous assumptions about the development of constitutionalism in liberalizing countries. I argue that, due to the rarity of divided governments across sub-Saharan Africa, members of parliament from the ruling party ultimately choose whether or not to restrain executive tenure based on their perceptions of their party’s (and, therefore, their own) electoral competitiveness. -
Zambia's 2001 Elections: the Tyranny of Small Decisions, 'Non-Decisions
Third World Quarterly, Vol 23, No 6, pp 1103–1120, 2002 Zambia’s 2001 elections: the tyranny of small decisions, ‘non-decisions’ and ‘not decisions’ PETER BURNELL ABSTRACT The course of the 1990s witnessed deterioration in the quality of elections held across sub-Saharan Africa. Zambia’s elections for the presidency, parliament and local government held on 27 December 2001 are no exception. They returned the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD) to power, but with much reduced popular support and leaving doubts about the legitimacy of the result. A ‘tyranny of small decisions’, ‘non-decisions’ and ‘not decisions’ perpetrated over 12 months or more leading up to these elections combined to influence the outcome. The previous MMD government and the formally autono- mous Electoral Commission were primarily but not wholly responsible. For independent analysts as well as for the political opposition, who secured a majority of parliamentary seats while narrowly failing to capture the presidency, identifying the relevant category of ‘decisions’ to which influences belong and comparing their impact is no straightforward matter. Zambia both illustrates the claim that ‘administrative problems are typically the basis of the flawed elections’ in new democracies and refines it by showing the difficulty of clearly separating the administrative and political factors. In contrast Zimbabwe’s presi- dential election in March 2002, which had the Zambian experience to learn from, appears a more clear-cut case of deliberate political mischief by the ruling party. There is little doubt that in the course of the 1990s the quality of Africa’s elections went into decline. -
Observing the 2001 Zambia Elections
SPECIAL REPORT SERIES THE CARTER CENTER WAGING PEACE ◆ FIGHTING DISEASE ◆ BUILDING HOPE OBSERVING THE 2001 ZAMBIA ELECTIONS THE CARTER CENTER STRIVES TO RELIEVE SUFFERING BY ADVANCING PEACE AND HEALTH WORLDWIDE; IT SEEKS TO PREVENT AND RESOLVE CONFLICTS, ENHANCE FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY, AND PROTECT AND PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS WORLDWIDE. THE CARTER CENTER NDINDI OBSERVING THE 2001 ZAMBIA ELECTIONS OBSERVING THE 2001 ZAMBIA ELECTIONS FINAL REPORT THE CARTER CENTER The Democracy Program One Copenhill Atlanta, GA 30307 (404) 420-5188 FAX (404) 420-5196 WWW.CARTERCENTER.ORG OCTOBER 2002 1 THE CARTER CENTER NDI OBSERVING THE 2001 ZAMBIA ELECTIONS 2 THE CARTER CENTER NDINDI OBSERVING THE 2001 ZAMBIA ELECTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Carter Center Election Observation Delegation and Staff ............................................................... 5 Terms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 7 Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 10 Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................. 15 Background ...................................................................................................................................... -
Volume 4, Number 2, 2004
Volume 4, Number 2, 2004 Electoral Systems, Constitutionalism and Conflict Management in Southern Africa The Need for Electoral Reform in Botswana Electoral Reform and Political Stability in Lesotho Towards Stable Electoral Laws in Mozambique Elections, Constitutionalism and Political Stability in South Africa Electoral Violence, Political Stability and the Union in Tanzania Constitutionalism, the Electoral System and Challenges for Governance and Stability in Zimbabwe Contents Foreword 7 Jannie Malan Electoral Systems, Constitutionalism and Conflict Management in Southern Africa 11 Khabele Matlosa The Need for Electoral Reform in Botswana 55 Mpho G. Molomo Electoral Reform and Political Stability in Lesotho 79 Francis Kopano Makoa Towards Stable Electoral Laws in Mozambique 97 Iraê Baptista Lundin Elections, Constitutionalism and Political Stability in South Africa 119 Dren Nupen Electoral Violence, Political Stability and the Union in Tanzania 145 Hassan O. Kaya Constitutionalism, the Electoral System and Challenges for Governance and Stability in Zimbabwe 171 Lloyd Sachikonye Editors Prof Jakes Gerwel Chairperson, Board of Trustees, ACCORD Prof Jannie Malan Senior Researcher, ACCORD Guest Editors Dr Khabele Matlosa Manager of Research, Electoral Institute of Southern Africa Senzo Ngubane Head of Research, ACCORD Advisory Board Dr Alejandro Bendana Centro de Estudios Internacionales, Managua Mr Vasu Gounden Executive Director, ACCORD, Durban Ms Phyllis Johnson Director, Southern African Research and Documentation Centre, Harare Prof -
Political and Economic Liberalisation in Zambia 1991–2001
RAKNER I Page 1 Wednesday, October 1, 2003 2:17 PM Political and Economic Liberalisation in Zambia 1991–2001 Lise Rakner The Nordic Africa Institute, 2003 RAKNER I Page 2 Wednesday, October 1, 2003 2:17 PM Indexing terms Economic development Economic reform Donors Political development Zambia Cover photo: Gisela Geisler A rally for the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) before the 1991 transitional elections. Language checking: Elaine Almén Index: Margaret Binns © the author and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2003 ISBN 91-7106-506-7 Printed in Sweden by Elanders Gotab, Stockholm 2003 RAKNER I Page 3 Wednesday, October 1, 2003 2:17 PM Contents Acronyms . 6 Acknowledgements . 9 1. REFORM FOR POLITICAL SURVIVAL: POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISATION IN ZAMBIA 1991–2001 . 11 The Case of Zambia . 11 Political Liberalisation 1991–2001. 13 Economic Liberalisation 1991–2001 . 14 The Expectations: The Dual Reform Perspective . 15 The Argument: Zambia’s Dual Reform Experiences . 15 The Decline of Interest Group Influence. 16 The Increased Leverage of the MMD Government vis-à-vis Its External Partners . 17 Introduction of the Central Actors. 18 The Domestic Policy Game between Government and Interest Groups . 18 The External Policy Game between Government and Donors . 21 The Sources of Analysis . 24 Outline of the Analysis . 24 2. POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LIBERALISATION IN THEORY AND IN AFRICA . 26 Interconnections between Political and Economic Liberalisation . 26 The Argument for Authoritarianism . 27 The Dual Reform Perspective. 28 Economic and Political Liberalisation in sub-Saharan Africa . 31 The Partial Reform Syndrome in Africa . 33 The Role of the International Donor Community in sub-Saharan African Reforms . -
Governance and Public Services Delivery in Zambia
Governance and Public Services Delivery in Zambia OSSREA Documentation Centre P. O. Box 31971 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC SERVICES DELIVERY IN ZAMBIA Editors: Jotham C. Momba Mwamba D. Kalabula © Ossrea 2007 Published by UNZA Press for Ossrea. Zambia Chapter ISBN 9982-03-045-0 CONTENTS Preamble Jotham C. Momba Zambia's Electoral System in Perspective 5 Laurent C.W. Kaela Citizenship, Democracy and Politics of Exclusion: The Challenges Facing the Mwanawasa's 'New Deal' Government 19 Neo Simutanyi Rolling Stones: ACrisis for Democracy 26 Friday E. Mulenga Enhancing Local Government: Lessons From Bilateral Cooperation 36 Peter K. Lolojih Administrative Reforms and the Search for Efficient Delivery of Public Service: the Challenges Facing Health and Educational Boards 44 Moderate M. Momba Local Governance and Urban Economies: What Role for Urban Markets in Zambia 53 Wilma S. Nchito The Impact of Privatisation in Resuscitating Zambia's Economy 62 Kamini Krishna Economic Development in Relation to Poverty and Social Services Delivery 69 Davidson Chilipamushi Financial Mismanagement in the Zambian Public Sector: The Case of Presidential Housing Initiative 81 Nessan Ronan The Impact of Cost Sharing on Demand for Basic Education in Zambia 90 Charles M. Subulwa Cooperating Partners and the Delivery of Educational Services to Children with Special Educational Needs in Zambia: ESSPIII Case Study 99 Darlington M. Kalabula Preamble Jotham C. Momba University of Zambia Introduction The papers constituting the chapters for this book came out of a number of local workshops that have been held by the Zambia Chapter of the Organisation for Social Science Research for Southern and Eastern Africa (OSSREA). -
Anita Sæbø Hovedfagsoppgave I Statsvitensk
Zambiske aviser i landets demokratiseringsprosess: - Bremsekloss eller katalysator? Anita Sæbø Hovedfagsoppgave i statsvitenskap Universitetet i Oslo, Institutt for statsvitenskap April 2007 FORORD Det er mange som fortjener en stor takk for å ha hjulpet og oppmuntret meg underveis med denne oppgaven: Tusen takk til veileder, Dan Banik, for utholdenhet og alltid like konstruktive forslag, innspill og tilbakemeldinger. Du er en stor motivator. Jeg kunne aldri ha skrevet denne oppgaven uten alle intervjuobjektene mine. Takk for at dere brukte så mye tid på prosjektet mitt, deltok i diskusjoner, foreslo materiell og ikke minst hjalp meg med å finne dette. Betty, David, Helene, N’gama, Norm og Zenzele, dere gjorde oppholdet mitt i Zambia helt spesielt. Jeg hadde to flotte måneder hos dere og lengter ofte tilbake. Tusen takk til alle dere her hjemme som har hjulpet meg: Mamma og pappa for oppmuntringer og ”skriveferier” med tipp topp service, Marthe og Isabel for vennskap, vertskap og humoristisk håndtering av alle oppgavefrustrasjoner og Rune fordi du alltid stiller opp for meg. Og til slutt en spesiell takk til Toril. Fordi du bryr deg om meg og mitt når det er så mye annet å tenke på. Oversikt over forkortelser AFRONET The Inter-African Network for Human Rights and Development AZP Agenda for Zambia Party CRC Constitutional Review Commission IBA Act The Independent Broadcasting Authority Act IMF International Monetary Fund MECOZ The Media Council of Zambia MISA Media Institute of Southern Africa MISA-Zambia Media Institute of Southern Africa -
Leadership and the Problem of Electoral Democracy in Africa
Leadership and the Problem of Electoral Democracy in Africa Leadership and the Problem of Electoral Democracy in Africa: Case Studies and Theoretical Solutions By E. Ike Udogu Leadership and the Problem of Electoral Democracy in Africa: Case Studies and Theoretical Solutions By E. Ike Udogu This book first published 2016 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2016 by E. Ike Udogu All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-9939-9 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-9939-0 This book is dedicated to the African Union, for providing impressive templates for good governance in Africa, scholars, and civil society groups fighting for the advancement of consolidated democracy in this millennium. CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................................ ix Acknowledgments ...................................................................................... xi Acronyms ................................................................................................. xiii Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 General -
1. One Zambia Forework
One Zambia, many histories Afrika-Studiecentrum Series VOLUME 11 One Zambia, many histories Towards a history of post-colonial Zambia Edited by Jan-Bart Gewald Marja Hinfelaar Giacomo Macola Brill Cover photo: ISSN ISBN © Brill Contents List of photographs vii List of tables viii List of figures viii Foreword ix Acknowledgements x Abbreviations xi 1. Introduction 1 Jan-Bart Gewald, Marja Hinfelaar & Giacomo Macola PART I: POLITICAL UNITY AND DISSENT 2. Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula, UNIP and the roots of authoritarianism in nationalist Zambia 17 Giacomo Macola 3. Rebellion or massacre? The UNIP-Lumpa conflict revisited 45 David M. Gordon 4. ‘You can’t fight guns with knives’: National security and Zambian responses to UDI , 1965-1973 77 Andrew J. DeRoche 5. Enemies within? Opposition to the Zambian one-party state, 1972-1980 98 Miles Larmer PART II: THE PUBLIC ROLE OF RELIGION 6. Legitimizing powers: The political role of the Roman Catholic church, 1972-1991 129 Marja Hinfelaar 7. Towards a history of the Charismatic churches in post- colonial Zambia 144 Austin M. Cheyeka v 8. Islam in post-colonial Zambia 164 Felix J. Phiri PART III: THE ECONOMY AND THE STATE 9. ‘The devil you know’: The impact of the Mulungushi economic reforms on retail trade in rural Zambia, with special reference to Susman Brothers & Wulfsohn, 1968-80 187 Hugh Macmillan 10. The informalization of Lusaka’s economy: Regime change, ultra-modern markets, and street vending, 1972-2004 213 K. Tranberg Hansen PART IV: NEW AND OLD FORMS OF POLITICS IN THE THIRD REPUBLIC 11. Fighting for democracy of the pocket: The labour movement in the Third Republic 243 Friday E. -
Transition in Zambia: the Hybridisation of the Third Republic
Democratic transition and consolidation in Africa Transition in Zambia: The Hybridisation of the Third Republic DR GERO ERDMANN INSTITUTE OF AFRICAN AFFAIRS, HAMBURG/BERLIN DR NEO SIMUTANYI UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA KONRAD ADENAUER FOUNDATION • OCCASIONAL PAPERS • ZAMBIA • DECEMBER 2003 © KAS, 2003 All rights reserved While copyright in this publication as a whole is vested in the Konrad-Adenauer- Stiftung, copyright in the text rests with the individual authors, and no paper may be reproduced in whole or part without the express permission, in writing, of both authors and the publisher. It should be noted that any opinions expressed are the responsibility of the individual authors and that the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung does not necessarily subscribe to the opinions of contributors. Published by: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Gelu House, 1st floor Kamuzu Procession Road Lilongwe Malawi Telephone: +265 1 75 92 74 Telefax: +265 1 75 90 74 E-mail: [email protected] www.kas.de Editing, DTP and production: Tyrus Text and Design, South Africa Reproduction: Rapid Repro, South Africa Printing: Montfort Press, Balaka, Malawi Table of contents List of tables v About the authors vi Preface vii Chapter1: Introduction 1 1.1 Methodological approach and research programme 1 1.2 Conceptual remark 2 Chapter 2: The starting point at 1990: Characteristics of the 3 previous regime and democratic deficits 2.1 Characteristics of political rule during the 3 non-democratic regime 2.2 Political opposition under authoritarian rule 6 2.3 Violation of human rights 6 2.4 Participation -
Post 2016 Election Violence in Zambia
CHURCH-STATE RELATIONSHIP AND ELECTIONS: POST 2016 ELECTION VIOLENCE IN ZAMBIA By Bwalya Mulenga Felix (BTh, BTh Hons) SUBMITTED FOR EXAMINATION POSTHUMOS Supervisor: Prof Lillian C. Siwila Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Systematic Theology in the School of Religion, Philosophy and Classics, University of Kwazulu- Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. April 2019 1 Declaration I Bwalya Mulenga Felix (215082030) , declare that this dissertation, ‘Church-State relationship and presidential elections: Post 2016 election violence in Zambia,’ is my own work, and that any and all sources that I have used or quoted have been dully indicated and acknowledged by means of complete reference following the Harvard style of in-text referencing and in the bibliography. Sign………………………………… Date……………………………. Name of the Supervisor: Prof. Lillian C. Siwila 2 Dedication It is my genuine and warmest gratefulness that I dedicate this dissertation to the memory of Lily Phiri you left fingerprints of grace on our lives. You shall not be forgotten. 3 Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to express my immense gratitude to my God the Almighty for His grace upon me to complete this work. I am profoundly indebted to my Supervisor Prof. Lillian Siwila for the constructive guidance during my research. You gave me a lifetime memory of your benevolence and intelligence. Lastly, I would like to acknowledge with a sincere heart the contributions of the School of Religion, Philosophy and Classics and everyone -
Title Traditionalism, Democracy and Political Participation: the Case Of
Traditionalism, democracy and Political Participation: The Title Case of Western Province, Zambia Author(s) SUMBWA, Nyambe Citation African Study Monographs (2000), 21(3): 105-146 Issue Date 2000-07 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/68196 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University 21-3/2 03.4.4 4:40 PM ページ105 African Study Monographs, 21(3): 105-146, July 2000 105 TRADITIONALISM, DEMOCRACY AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: THE CASE OF WESTERN PROVINCE, ZAMBIA Nyambe SUMBWA Department of Language and Social Sciences Education, University of Zambia ABSTRACT This paper discusses several issues in relation to 1996 Presidential and Parliamentary elections in Zambia. First, the extent to which the Lozi commonality still accorded loyalty to their traditional authority (the Litunga) and the question of whether or not they were going to be influenced to vote according to his will. Second, the issue of the rela- tions that existed between the Lozi Royal Establishment and the Movement for Multi-party Democracy (MMD) Government, and its related subject ― ‘The Barotseland Agreement.’ Third, the issues of the people’s perceptions of the elections, with reference to their being free and fair, the people’s political party/party leader preferences, the people’s rating of the ruling party’s performance in terms of development and the upholding of human rights, etc. Last but not the least, the paper deals with the manner in which the election campaigns were conducted as well as the results of both the Presidential and the Parliamentary polls them- selves. Key Words: Elections; Lozi people; Tradional authority; Democracy; Political participation.