MANUFACTURES. Vol

WEEKLY JOURNAL PRACTICAL INFORMATION, SCIENCE, MECHANICS, CHEMISTUY, A OF ART, AND MANUFACTURES. Vol. LXXXIII.-No.15.] NEW YOHK, OCTOBER 13, 1900. [U.oo A YEAR. E8TABLIBHJlD IM5. _ WEEKLY. =============:::, Arc Lamp �rojecting Apparatus. Palace of Machinery, SJiJ.owing Basin and Luminous Fountains. Lighting of Parabolic Jets. Oascade Lightblg. The "Jeu' d'Orgue," or Arc Light Oontrolling Drums. FaQade of the Palace of Electricity, Showing the OhAteau d'Eau and Luminous Fountains. THE l'ABIS EXPOSITIOlf-THE ELECTBICAL FOUlfTAIlfS or TIlE PALACE o_r ELECTBICITY.-LSee page 281.) 226 J £ieutift£ �meri£au. OCTOBJ!R t3, t900- tance of 55� miles at the rate of 66'6 miles an hour, ciple for her guidance that. the British navy must be Jtitutifit �mttitln. while the two Pennsylvania Railroad trains run be mOl'e than equal to any other two navies Gombined, tween the same points a dh;tance of 59 miles at the Eugland has set herself a truly stupendous task, tile rate of 64'3 miles an hour. Following these is a French magnitude of which cau best be appreciated when we ESTABLISHED 1845 train, which runs the distance from Moreeux to Bor look at the extraordinary developmeut taking place in deaux, 67% miles, at the rate of 61'6 miles per hour, the German, French, and Russian lIavies. 'I'he British IVIUNN & CO., EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS. and ne.l:t to this are four trains on the Camden-Atlan programme calls for the laying down this year of two tic City lines, with speeds of 61 and 60'5 miles an hour. battleships, six first-class al'mol'ed cruisers, one second PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT Then follows a train on the Paris-Amiens route, which class cruiser and half a '!ozen sloops, gunboats and No. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. covers 81% miles at a speed of 60'5 miles an hour. torpedo boats. Including these, the number of vessels 1'he ne.l:t two fast rUilS are short ones of 15 miles from under construution in 1900 is seventeen battleships Dorchebter to Wareham in England, which are booked (only one less than the total number of battleships TERMS TO SUBSCRIBERS e r e o to be mad at a speed of 60'1 miles an hour. It is a already constl'ucted, building, or proposed for our own g�: �g�: g�: �=: {:: a�\ f�i'':�?� � :�e �r��:.r£0 iii8: ·M.'t� significant fact that out of forty-three expresses, with navy), twenty armored cruisers, one first-class protect THE SCIENTIFIO AMERICAN PUBLIOATIONS. a speed of over 55'5 miles an hour, these Dorchester ed cruiser, two second·class protected cruh;ers, one Scientific American (I!:stablished 1845). ......... ................,,�.OO a year. .. Wareham trains and three trains on the Caledonian third·class cruiser, eight sloops, four torpedo boats, SCIentific American Supplement (Established 1876) . .. ........ 5.00 Scientilic American Building Edition (Established 1885)• ....... 2.50 Railroad, two of which cover 32% mile!' at 59'1 miles twenty-one destroyers, and one royal yacht. In 1!l99, Scientillc American Export li:dition (Est ablished 1870) .... .... .. 3.00 The combined subscription rates and rates to foreign countries will an hour and 56'5 miles an hour, and the third, 89% England added nineteen vessels with an aggregate ton be furnished upon application. Remit by postal or express money order. or by bank draft or check. miles at 556 miles an hour, are the only ones that - nage of 122,322 tons to her fleet, while in 1898 she added MUNN &; CO.,361 Broadway, corner Franklin Street, New York. represent the English railroads; although it is but a thirty ships with a total tounage of 140,988 tons. This few years ago that English roads were supreme in the year's budget provides for an increase of 4,240 in the NEW YORK, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 18,1900. matter of speed among the railroads of the world. personnel ; an addition which will bring the total · Out of a total of 57 trains given in this table, there are strength up to 114,880 officers and men. The total ns.- EXTENSION OF THE RAPID TRANSIT TUNNEL TO only three other Engl ish trains w.hich have- a speed of val estimates for the year 1900-1901 amounted to BROOKLYN. 55 miles an hour or over, Summing up, we find that $137,613,000. One of .the most important steps ever taken in con America heads the list in point of speed, with twenty The French shipbuilding programme of 1896, which llection with the scheme for underground rapid transit three trains, while France has twenty-six trains and covered a pel'iod extendinl{to 1907, called for the con ill New York is the adoption by the Rapid Transit England eight in the table referred to. struction of 220 vessels. Iu addition to this, the pro Board of the route and plans for the construction of the The credit for running the fastest long distance gramme for this year authorizes the construction of the �y�tem to Brooklyn by means of a tunnel beneath the train in the world is due to the Orleans and Midi Rail following types of vessels, which are considered neces East River. The plan contemplates the extension of the road, whose train from Paris to Bayonne, a distance of sary to reuder the FI'ench fleet more houlOgeneous than t llnnel from its present proposed terminus at City Hall 486� miles, is run .at a speed, includmg six stops, of it is at present: Six battleships, five armored cruisers, Park to Bowling Green, and thence by way of White� 54 '13 miles an hour. This is better than the Empire twenty-eight destroyers, one hundred and twelve tor hall Street to the East River. The line will be carried State Express, which runs from New York to Buffalo, pedo boats, and twenty-six .submarine torpedo boats. below the river from the foot of 'Whitehall Street to the 440 miles, at a rate, including four stops, of 53'33 miles When the programme is completed, the French fleet foot of Joralemon Street, Brooklyn, beneath which it an hour. The best work of the English railroads is will consi�t of twenty-eight battleships, twenty-four will run as far as the City Hall, where there will be a that done on the Great Northern from Kiug'8 Cross to armored crUisers, fifty-two destroyers, two hundred aud , tation. From the City Hall it will be carried beneath Edinburgh, a distance of 393� miles, which i.s covered sixty-three torpedo boats and thirty-eight submarine Fulton Street to Flatbush and Atlantic Avenues, which at an average speed, including three stops; of 50'7 boats. The total cost of the old and the additioual will constitute the present terminus of the line. 'That miles per hour. programme will be $142,440,000. section of the extension which lies beneath the river, We have said that by virtue of the high ayerage '.rhe expressed determinat.ion of Germany to become together with its approaches on either side, will con speed and great number of its longcdistance express a great naval power lenJs particular interest to that sist of two Hi· foot cast iron tubes which will provid e trains, FI'ance holds the premier position to-day, a part of the report which deals with her navy. The two �eparate tunnels, one for each track, At the statement which is borne out by the fact that there are policy of the Emperor is "to provide the German em- Brooklyn- City Hall two loops will be constructed, one thirteeu expreslles which al'e booked to run at average . pire with a navy so strong that no power will dispute above the other.: ',()f these, one will be used for the New speeds, including stops, of from 51'3 to 57'7 miles per with her upon the high seas." Although there is COl!' York trains, and the other will be built in anticipation hour, over distances of from 123 to 486?4' luiles. The siderable opposition to the bill to carry into effect tile of the time when the development of underground fa�test of these, which runs from Bayonne to Bordea ux, latest proposals for an increase, it is pojnted out in the tunnels in Brooklyn will call for the running of local cover� a distance of 128 miles at 57'7· miles per hour, report that even if these proposals should fail to be put trains. The new plan also contemplates anoth.�r:. loop with two stops; while the most creditable run is oue through, the program we as already authorized insures on the New York system, which is to comllJence beneath from Paris to Bayonne, of 486?4' miles, at 54'1 miles an possession by Germany in the early part of the coming Broad way, near Exchange Place, and be carried beneath hour, above referred to. The letter to the Time�, with century of an extremely powerful fleet. In 1900 it con· Bowling Green, Srate Street, Battery Park, and White its valuable tables, will be found'in full in the CUl'1'ellt sists of seventeen battleships, ten large cmisers, twenty hall Stl'eet, returning to Bl'Oad way. The length of the issue of the SUPPLEMENT. slllall cruisers, twelve divisions of torpedo boats. In Brooklyn extension will be 4% miles, of which about a Commenting upon this very interesting and impar '1908 G ermany will possess twenty-nine battleships, mile and a half will be of cast· iron tube construction. tial cOlllluunication, The Eugineer and Engineering twenty large cruisers, fifty-one small cruisers, and six It is estimated that the trip from one city hall to the have taken very different and very charactel'istic teen divisions of torpedo boats; while III 1916 she will other will occupy eight minutes.

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