WEEKLY JOURNAL PRACTICAL INFORMATION, SCIENCE, MECHANICS, CHEMISTUY, A OF ART, AND MANUFACTURES. Vol. LXXXIII.-No.15.] 13, 1900. [U.oo A YEAR. E8TABLIBHJlD IM5. NEW YOHK, OCTOBER _ WEEKLY. ======:::,
Arc Lamp �rojecting Apparatus.
Palace of Machinery, SJiJ.owing Basin and Luminous Fountains.
Lighting of Parabolic Jets. Oascade Lightblg. The "Jeu' d'Orgue," or Arc Light Oontrolling Drums.
FaQade of the Palace of Electricity, Showing the OhAteau d'Eau and Luminous Fountains.
THE l'ABIS EXPOSITIOlf-THE ELECTBICAL FOUlfTAIlfS or TIlE PALACE o_r ELECTBICITY.-LSee page 281.) 226 J £ieutift£ �meri£au. OCTOBJ!R t3, t900-
tance of 55� miles at the rate of 66'6 miles an hour, ciple for her guidance that. the British navy must be Jtitutifit �mttitln. while the two Pennsylvania Railroad trains run be mOl'e than equal to any other two navies Gombined, tween the same points a dh;tance of 59 miles at the Eugland has set herself a truly stupendous task, tile rate of 64'3 miles an hour. Following these is a French magnitude of which cau best be appreciated when we ESTABLISHED 1845 train, which runs the distance from Moreeux to Bor look at the extraordinary developmeut taking place in deaux, 67% miles, at the rate of 61'6 miles per hour, the German, French, and Russian lIavies. 'I'he British IVIUNN & CO., EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS. and ne.l:t to this are four trains on the Camden-Atlan programme calls for the laying down this year of two tic City lines, with speeds of 61 and 60'5 miles an hour. battleships, six first-class al'mol'ed cruisers, one second PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT Then follows a train on the Paris-Amiens route, which class cruiser and half a '!ozen sloops, gunboats and No. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. covers 81% miles at a speed of 60'5 miles an hour. torpedo boats. Including these, the number of vessels 1'he ne.l:t two fast rUilS are short ones of 15 miles from under construution in 1900 is seventeen battleships Dorchebter to Wareham in England, which are booked (only one less than the total number of battleships TERMS TO SUBSCRIBERS e r e o to be mad at a speed of 60'1 miles an hour. It is a already constl'ucted, building, or proposed for our own g�: �g�: g�: �=: {:: a�\ f�i'':�?� � :�e �r��:.r£0 iii8: ·M.'t� significant fact that out of forty-three expresses, with navy), twenty armored cruisers, one first-class protect THE SCIENTIFIO AMERICAN PUBLIOATIONS. a speed of over 55'5 miles an hour, these Dorchester ed cruiser, two second·class protected cruh;ers, one Scientific American (I!:stablished 1845)...... ,,�.OO a year. .. Wareham trains and three trains on the Caledonian third·class cruiser, eight sloops, four torpedo boats, SCIentific American Supplement (Established 1876) ...... 5.00 Scientilic American Building Edition (Established 1885)• ...... 2.50 Railroad, two of which cover 32% mile!' at 59'1 miles twenty-one destroyers, and one royal yacht. In 1!l99, Scientillc American Export li:dition (Est ablished 1870) ...... 3.00 The combined subscription rates and rates to foreign countries will an hour and 56'5 miles an hour, and the third, 89% England added nineteen vessels with an aggregate ton be furnished upon application. Remit by postal or express money order. or by bank draft or check. miles at 556 miles an hour, are the only ones that - nage of 122,322 tons to her fleet, while in 1898 she added MUNN &; CO.,361 Broadway, corner Franklin Street, New York. represent the English railroads; although it is but a thirty ships with a total tounage of 140,988 tons. This few years ago that English roads were supreme in the year's budget provides for an increase of 4,240 in the NEW YORK, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 18,1900. matter of speed among the railroads of the world. personnel ; an addition which will bring the total · Out of a total of 57 trains given in this table, there are strength up to 114,880 officers and men. The total ns.- EXTENSION OF THE RAPID TRANSIT TUNNEL TO only three other Engl ish trains w.hich have- a speed of val estimates for the year 1900-1901 amounted to BROOKLYN. 55 miles an hour or over, Summing up, we find that $137,613,000. One of .the most important steps ever taken in con America heads the list in point of speed, with twenty The French shipbuilding programme of 1896, which llection with the scheme for underground rapid transit three trains, while France has twenty-six trains and covered a pel'iod extendinl{to 1907, called for the con ill New York is the adoption by the Rapid Transit England eight in the table referred to. struction of 220 vessels. Iu addition to this, the pro Board of the route and plans for the construction of the The credit for running the fastest long distance gramme for this year authorizes the construction of the �y�tem to Brooklyn by means of a tunnel beneath the train in the world is due to the Orleans and Midi Rail following types of vessels, which are considered neces East River. The plan contemplates the extension of the road, whose train from Paris to Bayonne, a distance of sary to reuder the FI'ench fleet more houlOgeneous than t llnnel from its present proposed terminus at City Hall 486� miles, is run .at a speed, includmg six stops, of it is at present: Six battleships, five armored cruisers, Park to Bowling Green, and thence by way of White� 54 '13 miles an hour. This is better than the Empire twenty-eight destroyers, one hundred and twelve tor hall Street to the East River. The line will be carried State Express, which runs from New York to Buffalo, pedo boats, and twenty-six .submarine torpedo boats. below the river from the foot of 'Whitehall Street to the 440 miles, at a rate, including four stops, of 53'33 miles When the programme is completed, the French fleet foot of Joralemon Street, Brooklyn, beneath which it an hour. The best work of the English railroads is will consi�t of twenty-eight battleships, twenty-four will run as far as the City Hall, where there will be a that done on the Great Northern from Kiug'8 Cross to armored crUisers, fifty-two destroyers, two hundred aud , tation. From the City Hall it will be carried beneath Edinburgh, a distance of 393� miles, which i.s covered sixty-three torpedo boats and thirty-eight submarine Fulton Street to Flatbush and Atlantic Avenues, which at an average speed, including three stops; of 50'7 boats. The total cost of the old and the additioual will constitute the present terminus of the line. 'That miles per hour. programme will be $142,440,000. section of the extension which lies beneath the river, We have said that by virtue of the high ayerage '.rhe expressed determinat.ion of Germany to become together with its approaches on either side, will con speed and great number of its longcdistance express a great naval power lenJs particular interest to that sist of two Hi· foot cast iron tubes which will provid e trains, FI'ance holds the premier position to-day, a part of the report which deals with her navy. The two �eparate tunnels, one for each track, At the statement which is borne out by the fact that there are policy of the Emperor is "to provide the German em- Brooklyn- City Hall two loops will be constructed, one thirteeu expreslles which al'e booked to run at average . pire with a navy so strong that no power will dispute above the other.: ',()f these, one will be used for the New speeds, including stops, of from 51'3 to 57'7 miles per with her upon the high seas." Although there is COl!' York trains, and the other will be built in anticipation hour, over distances of from 123 to 486?4' luiles. The siderable opposition to the bill to carry into effect tile of the time when the development of underground fa�test of these, which runs from Bayonne to Bordea ux, latest proposals for an increase, it is pojnted out in the tunnels in Brooklyn will call for the running of local cover� a distance of 128 miles at 57'7· miles per hour, report that even if these proposals should fail to be put trains. The new plan also contemplates anoth.�r:. loop with two stops; while the most creditable run is oue through, the program we as already authorized insures on the New York system, which is to comllJence beneath from Paris to Bayonne, of 486?4' miles, at 54'1 miles an possession by Germany in the early part of the coming Broad way, near Exchange Place, and be carried beneath hour, above referred to. The letter to the Time�, with century of an extremely powerful fleet. In 1900 it con· Bowling Green, Srate Street, Battery Park, and White its valuable tables, will be found'in full in the CUl'1'ellt sists of seventeen battleships, ten large cmisers, twenty hall Stl'eet, returning to Bl'Oad way. The length of the issue of the SUPPLEMENT. slllall cruisers, twelve divisions of torpedo boats. In Brooklyn extension will be 4% miles, of which about a Commenting upon this very interesting and impar '1908 G ermany will possess twenty-nine battleships, mile and a half will be of cast· iron tube construction. tial cOlllluunication, The Eugineer and Engineering twenty large cruisers, fifty-one small cruisers, and six It is estimated that the trip from one city hall to the have taken very different and very charactel'istic teen divisions of torpedo boats; while III 1916 she will other will occupy eight minutes. points of view. Engineering accepts the situation with possess thirty-eight battleships, twenty large cruisers, I� view of the fact that it is probable that delays in the remark that it is ,. mortifyiug to observe what an forty-five 8wall cruisers and sixteen divisions of tor ciueutal to obtaining the authority of the Municipal extrcluely poOl' show is made by Great Britain in II. pedo boats. Assem bly and the approval of property owuers will field in which she was long pre'emineut," and adds The naval budget of Italy for the year 1900-1901 prevent the cOlllmencing of work on this extension for that .. if we take into account the special conditions in amounts to $24,435,000, while an annual expenditul'e of twelve months or more, the Rapid Transit Board is to each ca�e, the American pel'formances al'e made to ap $2,000,000 ba� been ll.utllOrized for the period ending in be congratulated on having so promptly adopted the pear even more extraol'dinary than is at first ap 1903. italy has. at present on the stocks four first-class plans of its chief engineer. There is no questi@n of parent." The Engineer, on the other hand, states that. battleships, three arlllored cruisers, three small cruisers, the wisdom of ext.ending the New York tUllnel to the .. the occasion has been seized as a favorable oppor ten destl'Oyers, and three first-class torpedo boats, ' in southern extremity of Manhattan Islaud ; and no sys tunity for drawing invidiout! comparisons between the addition to two first-class battleships of what is known tem of rapid transit designed for the accommodation railways of the United States and of this country." as Admiral Bettolo'� naval programme. of Greater New York would be adequate that did not '1'he latter 'contemporary takeS occasion to felicitate The activity of Japan is shown in the fact that the illclude the Borough of Brooklyn and rapidly growing itself on t.he fact that " it has done something to pre 117 warships called for by the naval programme of suburbs of Loug Island. The natural features of the vent the perpetuation of the preposterous statements 1!l95 have been completed, or al'e under con8truction, ' site on which New York is built render it inevitable as to enormous speeds attained on American. rail ways." and it is likely that a new program mil will shortly be that ultimately the great tide of suburban home In view of the fact that the speeds as given are abo laJd down. The budget for 1900 calls for the expendi seekers will flow out on to Long Island, in preference solutely correct, there is something highly diverting to ture of $46,946,000. to moving over the qongestpd roads of travel which ex American readers of The Engineer in the persistency Russia, like Germany and France, has now formu tend northward through Manhattan Island. While with which it has endeavored to escape from facts lated a prograwme of naval construction. The sum the cOlllpletion of the underground tunnel will lead to which have long been recognized by the world at of $45,000,000 was voted in 1898 for the completion in the rapid settling up of the suburban districts north large. six years of ten armored cruisers, ten second-cla.ss of the Harlem River, the accessi bility of the Boroughs cruisers, and twenty destroyers. This was a special of Brookly'n aud Queens is certain to attract an enor THE WORLD'S NAVAL PROGRESS FOR 1900. programme, additional to the regular aunual naval mous number of home-seekers, when once the travel The most important contribution, and the one pos estimates. Although Russia's naval blldget has in on the Brooklyn Bridge has been relieved by the con sessing the most popular interest, in "Notes on Naval creased from $29,000,000 in 1897 to $45,000,000 in 1900, it t struction of the new rapid transit tunnel to he south, Progress for 1900," which have recently been published is reported that the government will shortly announce and the new East River Bridge to the north, of that under the direction of Capt. C. B. Sigsbee, chief in a new programme for the increase of her fleet. overcrowded structure. telligence officer of the navy, is an article by Lieut. Spain ill selling her obsolete warllhips, aud with the .4'" ., Wm, M. Howard, entitled "Increase in Naval Strength money thus secured two vessels of about 2,000 tons dis RAILROAD SPEEDS IN 1899. as.shown by the Naval Budgets." One cannot turn placement are to be constructed and used for the train In a recent letter to 'file Loudon Times, a cor over the pages of this work wit,hout feeling that ing of officers and men. The money voted under the respondent, who has evidelltly gone into the subject there is little evidence that the feverish naval activ budget of th is year is to be spent in completing and with great care, has compiled several tables, showing ity of the past few years is abating. A study of increasing t.he crews of the" Pelayo," " Carlos V,," tbe fastest trains, the distances they run, and their the budgets and programmes of construction of the " NUIDancia," " Vittoria," and" Nautilus." �peeds, on the leading railroads of the world, The various naval powers indicates that in the early years COlUparing our o wn progress with that of the other tables will be in some respects particularly gratifying of the coming century the great navies of the world naval powers, it is evident that there must be no re to American readers, although it must be confessed will continue to add to their fleets with increasing laxation in our naval activity. Althollghwe have not that in respect to the total number of fast long-dis rapidity. laid d()wn programmes of construction extending over tallce trains, France, which of late years has made As usual, it is Great Britain which leads the way by several years, our present system of authorizing a cpr wonderful strides in the development of her railroads, voting the largest sum of any of the Powers for the tain number of ships each year, if maivtained at tlttl easily holds the premier position. U uder the table of support and increase of her navy. So rapid, howevel', rate whicp has marked our recent progress, will enable the fastest booked speeds, from start to stop, this has been the growth of other navies which may at us to retain ollr position as fourth naval power; but it country heads the list with four notable trains which any time become her combinpd opponents, that the is evident that any relaxation, such as would be causpd are run on the Philadelphia and Reading and Pennsyl progressive element in naval affairs.in that country con by the failure of Congress to vote naval appropriations vania Railroaris, frOID Camden to Atlantic City. The siders that the Admiralty pl'ogl'aIDme for this year is in any particular year, would cause us to lose our pres· two Philadelphia and Heading trains cover the dis- altogether inadequate In laying it down as the prin- ent creditable standhlg. OCTOBER 13, 1<)00.
CULM :BANKS AND FUEL GAS. the pipe per hour, the larger and more expensive must repairs, and about one· fourth for power. This indi :BY ALTON D. ADAM.S. be the pipe line, or the powt'r required to maintain the cates .that the transmission charge could be reduced .Nt:.1.i' the mines of hard coal, great mounds of anthra flow. Figures for an assumed case of gas transmission, by a smaller investment in pipe line and the use of cite culm have accumulated. This culm or very finely to a given distance and for.a certain heating and more power for pumping the gas. As the flow of gas divided coal continues to pile up from year to year, power capacity, covering' the size and approximate is presumed to be continuolls, gas holders must be because its value in coal markets i.s not sufficiently cost of tht' pipe line, will perhaps best illustrate what. provided at both ends of the line, but their combiu6u great to cover the transportation charges. So great can be done. For the purpose of this example, the capacities ne�d be no greater than for the case of a have the quantities of this fine coal become that it is water gas abovt' described will be employed. It may city gas works of equal capacity. Including the cu;,.l, an impediment to mining operations, and the owners be stated that the water gas here mentioned is quite of the plant for pumping gas, estimated at $30,OuO. $2dO,UUu. would gladly see it removed without asking any com different from the so-called water gas commonly dis to that of the pipe line gives a. total of SO,OOO pensation. While these little mountains of culm are tributed in cities for purposes of illumination. The The cubic feet of gas delivered per hOUl· are oxidizing, unprotected from the action of rain and sun, heating and illuminating power of plain water gas is competent t,o develop 2,000 horse power during 24 the demand for cheaper gas in heating and industrial usually much increased by the addition of oil gas from hours per day, on an investment of $115 per hor.. e operations is daily increasing at cities only a few tens petroleum or naphtha before distribution for general power for the transmission equipmen.t. This supply or a few scores of miles distant. The minds of those use. Plain water gas is entirely suitable for heating of gas can develop heat energy that is equivalent to familiar with these facts have often turned to the idea and power purposes, also for illumination if 'incan 7,620 kilowatts at an investment of only $30 per heat that in some way the energy wasting in these mounds descent gas mantles are used. ing capacity equivalent to one kilowatt. of fine coal might be gathered up in . gas and trans The open flame of pure water gas has very little ferred through pipes to distant points of use. Such illuminating power, but water gas from a distant works THE NO:BEL PRIZES FOR SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES. plans have not yet gone beyond the interrogation point, could be readily mixed with hydrocarbon gases from Many of our readers will be interested to know that Will it pay? and little seems to have been done in the petroleum, if desired for purpose,; of illumination in the forma.lrules and regulations relating to the award way of an answer to this important question. The open flame burners. Maps of the United States show ing of prizes under the Nobel bequest have now been controlling factor in the problem is evidently one of quite a number of citiell not more than fifty miles dis formulated and published, and in the SUPPLEMENT transportation. Though culm cannot be handled, tant from the anthracite coal fields, in each of which a for the current week we give them in full. The three 700,SOO,lJOO transported and delivered to consumers at a profit, it yearly consumption of cubic feet of water corporations awarding the Nobel prizes are the Royal is possible that a gas containing a part of the coal'1:! gas may readily be expected. This amount of plain Academy of Science at Stockholm, the Swedish Acade 350,- energy may be transmitted through a pipe to .more watel' gas IS the equivalent in heating capacity of my at Stockholm, and the Carolin Institute of Med i advantage. While experience has nothing to offer on 400,000 cubic feet of coal gas or carbureted water gas, cine and Surgery at Stockholm. The first award will just the case in hand, some of its lessons may be drawn or of 9,110 tons of coal. Owing to the low efficiency of take place December 10, 1901. The prizes are assigued from similar instances. It is known that natural gas ordinary heating and cooking apparatus; where coal is as follows: 1. To the person having made the nlUst has been and is successfully transmitted through pipes used, the 700,800,000 cubic feet of plain water gas important discovery or invention in the department of over di;;tances as great as one hundred miles. Petro would be the practi�al equivalent of 20,000 to 40,000 physical science. 2. To the person having made the le'llD is also economically transferred long di:;tances tons of coal for general purposes. The amouut of most important discovery and having produced the through pipes, and there seems to be ample precedent water gas just named as a yearly consumption corres greatest improvement in chemistry. 3. To the author for their use where available from the financial stand ponds to an average constant hourly flow from the pipe of the most important discovery in the department of point. It may be accepted without argument that line of 80,000 cubic feet. During a year of 3,000 work physiology or medicine. 4. The author having pro culm would be valuable, were the costs of transporta ing hours thill flow of gas would supply gaS' engines duced the most notable literary work in the sense of tion eliminated, and it therefore remains to be discov with a total capacity of 5,S4O horse power, allowing 40 idealism. 5. To the person having done the most, or ered whether these costs can be so reduced in gas pipe cubic feet of gas per brake horse power hour. A pipe the best, in the work of establishing the brotherhood lines as to render the enel·gy of this now refuse coal of twelve inches internal diameter will deliver this of nations, for the suppression or the reduction of available. wate.r gas from a dilStance of fifty miles at the rate of standing armies, as well as for the formation and the Most of the ex pense of gas transfer through a long 80,000 cubic feet per hour, if supplied at a pressure of propagation of peace conferences. pipe line arises from the items of interest and depreci 45 pounds per square inch. '1'0 pump the gas through For physical science and chemistry the Swedish ation on the cost of construction, a smaller amount be this pipe at the rate and pressure just named requires Academy of Science will award the prize, For works ing due to the;��.velopment of power to pump the gas. 300 horse power. The plant to furuish this power in physiology or medicine, the Carolin I�stitute will '1'lIe capacity of a gas pipe line and the 'cost of pump slIould be located at the'gas works near the coal mines, give the prize; for literature, the Academy of Stock ing tbe gas depend on the weight and volume to be and should opemte contin uously during each twenty holm: and finally, for the work of peace, by a com moved per hour or other unit of time, hut the value of fpur hours. mittee of five members elected by the Norwpgian the gas varies directly with its heating capacity on The yearly cost per horse power at snch a plant, Stortung. It is expressly stipulated in Dr. Nobel's combustion. If the energy of culm is to be cheaply considering its location and the cheap fuel, may be will that nationality shall not be . considered, sO" that $30 $9,000 transmitted in gas, it is, therefore, highly important taken at or as a total. Fifty miles of wrought the prizes may accrue to the most worthy without cou that the kind of gas to which the energy of coal is iron or steel pipe, 12 inches in 'diameter, with sides sideration as to place of birth. The matter of the estate transferred shall have as little weight and as large a 0·083 inch thick, and a safe working strength nearly has been satisfactorily adjusted with the Nobel heir& ileating capacity per cubic foot as possible. Since the four times as great as the proposed gal:! pressure, Er.ilh of the annual prizes given by the will must be culm now considered has ne present value and itsre weighs 1,848 tons. A liberal estilllate for the cost of awarded at least once in the course of every period of moval free of charge will be a benefit to the pre�ent own this pipe, including the laying and conuection in po fiveyears, and the sum total of a prize thus awarded ers, the efficiency of the gas-making process ad.opted is sition, is $200,000. Annual interest, depreciation and shall in no case be less than 60 per cent of the not nearly so important as is the quality of the gas repairs at 15 per cent on this sum, amounting to $30,000, yearly revenues diposable for the distribution of the produceli There are two well-known processes for the is a sufficient allowance for these items. The total p,·izes ; neither can it be divided into more than three production of gas from anthracite coal, known as the yearly charge for the transmission of 700,800,000 cubic prizes at the most. The liI�itation of the will declar producer and the water-gas methods respectiVely. feet of gas is, therefore, $39,000. This is equivalent to ing that the annual distribution of the-prizes must be 'l'wo thousand pounds of anthracite coal yield on treat a cost of 5'6 cents for each 1,000 cubic feet transmitteli directed to works executed in .. the courlSe of the pre ment abo'ut 160,000 cubic feet of producer gas. This As the prime incentive to the transmission is the ceding year" must be interpreted in this � that �as develops on combustion fully 125 heat units per cheap or worth.less fuel near the mines, the cost of the the objects of the rewards shall be the most recent re cubic foot or a total of 20,000,000 heat units. Allowing transmission should be compared with the value of the sults of research displayed in the departments indi 12,500 heat units per pound for the heating capacity of coal consumed per 1,000 cubic feet of a plain water gas cated by the will; older works will be considered only the coal, the energy of one ton is 25,000,000 heat units. produced at the ordinary city gas works. At the rate in the event that their importance shall have been de The producer gas process therefore delivers SO per cent previously stated of 33,333 cubic feet of plain water gas monstrated in recent times. of the heating power of coal. Water gas to the amount produced per ton of coal consumed, 60 pounds of coal In order to be admitted to the competition, every of 33,333 cubic feet may be generated with one ton of are required to generate 1,000 cubic feet of the gas. Of written work must have been published by means of anthracite coal, and each cubic foot of gas has a capac this 60 pounds, about 50 pounds must be anthracite the printing press. Various regulations have beell ity to develop 325 heat units. The 33,333 cubic feet of coal for use in the gas generators, but the remaining made relative to tbe division of the prizes, and as ro water gas therefore represent 10,833,225 heat units, or 10 pounds may be bituminous coal for use under the whether the prizes may be adjudged to an i nstitution 0.; a little more than 40 per cent of the energy of the coal.· boilers that supply steam to the generators, Assum� a society. If none of the works submitted to the com Producer �as, therefore. makes available nearly twice ing $4 per ton as an average price for all of the coal, petition possess.the quality desired, the sum total of as much of the heating power of coal as does water gas. the 60 pounds consumed to generate 1,000 cubic feet of the prize is reserved for the following year. For admis The water gas, however, has about two and one-half plain water gas costs 12 cents. As the total charge sion to the competition it is necessary to be proposed in times as much heating capacity per cubic foot as that against 1,000 cubic feet of gas was found to be 0'6 writing by a qualified person, and no attention will be from the producer, and this has an important influ cents for. transmission over a distance of 50 miles from paid to requests addressed by persolls desiring to ob ence on the cost of a pipe line and on the subsequent a place of free fuel, the expense for coal at $4 per ton tain a prize themselves, At the annual competition an power for pumping. Producer gas has approximately is more than twice as great as the charge for trans annual committee considers proposals which have been 084 and water gas 0'57 as much wei�ht as air per cubic mission; With anthracite coal at $2 per ton, its cost offered in the course of the year immediately preced foot,' or, in other words, the weight of producer gas is per 1,000 cubic feet of gas generated at city works is ing, up to the date �f February 1. Each propo;;al must 65 pounds and of water gas 45 pounds per 1,000 cubic just about equal to the charge for transmission of the . be accompanied by writings and other documents upon feet. '1'0 supply a heating capacity equal to that of same amount of gas over a distance of 50 miles. which it is founded. The proposal mllst be drawn up one cubic foot of water gas, 2·6 cubic feet of producer The estimates just made are for a transmission of 50 in English, French, German, Latin, or in one of the gas are required, and the weight of this amount of miles, but the costs for the same quantity of gas' over Scandinavian languages. producer gas is 375 times as much as the weight of the any other distance can be readily derived from them. At the solemn reunion which takes place on the an sin:;rlecubic foot of water gas. This great difference in All of the expenses of the transmission vary directly as niversary of the death of the donor, Decem bel' 10, the weight and volume for a given heating capacity is in the distance, provided that other factors remain con· corporations will make known publicly their deci�ion herent in the compositions of producer and water gas. stant. If the pipe line is extended to a length of 100 and bestow upon the laureate a check for the value More than one-half, or 55 to 60 per cellt of the pro miles. the weight and cost of pipe is twice as great, of the prize, a diploma, and a gold medal bearillg" the oucer gas, as to both weight and volume, is composed and the required power is twice as great, for the same effigy of the donor with an appropriate Jegend. The of nitrogen and inert gas that has no fuel value. delivery of gas. For the line of 100 miles t.he cost of laurete is obliged, unless prevented by unforeseen cir Water gas, on the other hand, contains only 2 or 3 transmission per 1,000 cubic feet of gas is therefore cumstances, to give during the six months following per cent of nitrogen, while nearly 90 per cent of its 11'2 cents, or nearly the value of the coal from which each reunion a public lecture ou the subject of the weight and volume is a mixture of hydrogen and car the gas may be generated when it is worth four dollars work crowned. This lecture will" be given in Stock bon monoxide, both excellent fuels. The facts just per ton. If the distance of the transmission is only 25 holm. or for the peace prize in Christiania. Decisions cited indicate the d.ecided advantage of water gas over Iniles, the cost per 1,000 cubic feet of gas drops to 2'S in regard to the prizes are without appeal. There are producer gas, as to the weight and volume of each cents and ilS equivalent to that of anthracite coal at many other provisions, which are fully set forth in the that must be forced through a pipe line per unit of one dollar per ton. Inspection of the items 'in the rules and regulations as published in the SUPPLE' time, for a givpn heating capacir.y. The greater the transmission estimate shows that' more than three MENT. The prizes which will l'edi�rributpd in 1901 will volume and weight of gas moved past any section of fourths of the total are for interest, depreciation auu amount in all to $402,000, or $80,400'ior each division. OCTOBER 13, I<}OO.
HIGH POWBl& BlfGmES AlfD THBBE-PHASE resulting shade being much deeper in the former lng and furniture leathers, and refers to the movement lGEliEBATOBS AT PARIS. case than in the latter. Skins of the same class, moree awong bookbinders and others Interested in the pre· BY FRANK C. PBRKINS. over, exhibit in a more or less degree this difference in servation of books for the investigation of the causes Some of the most interesting as well as important texture, and it ill a fact well known ,to leather dyers of decay, which has caused the appointment by the exhibits at the Paris Exposition this year are the large that in a number of skins which have been dyed in the Council of the Society of Arts of a comwittee to con direct-connected Drehstrom alternating current gene same bath, there are always one or two which are not sider the whole question of leather for bookbinding. rators and high:power triple expansion. engines, the . exactly the same shade as the rest. I have been con Mr. Lamb writes:' largest of which are of European make. sulted from time to time by leather manufacturers, .. During the past few months there has been con A three-phase alternator which is of considerable in· who have found difficulty in dyeing level, that is, ob- siderable controversy among· the principal bookbind terest is the one built and installed ers in London with regard to leather at the Exposition by the French used in bookbinding, so perhaps firm the Compagnie G�n4'irale Elec it may not be out of place for me trique of Nancy, shown in the to say a few wo,.ds on the mat smaller engraving. Thill is of tho ter. Bookbinders contend that the type of alternators having revolv leather used in bookbinding perish ing field magnets and stationary es in the course of a comparatively armatures. This fly-wheel field short period.-The chief cause of magnet hasa speed of 93'5 revolu these leathers rotting in a compara tions per minute and has a fre tively short tiwe is undoubtedly quency of current in the armature the reckless nse of sulphuric acid of fifty periods per second. In each in clearing and dyeing, and in- phase it generates a current of 87 8ufficient precautions being taken a.mperes at a potential of 3,000 to remove the acid, or- to neutral volts. In order to secure mechan ize it, after dyeing. If the least ical rigidity in the armature, it wi ll trace of acid is left in the leather, be noted that on each side there are it becowes concentrated in the fiber six rods of forged iron terminating .when the leather is thoroughly dry, at a collar piece, each of which can and cowpletely destroys the leather. be adjusted by set screws. This I have here a few specimens of stationary armature has the ap leather that were dyed with acid pearance of great lightness. This colors about two years ago ; these, firm in their construction greatly as you will see,though the leather decrease the gross weight of cast was well washed after dyeing, are iron parts relatively to the active completely rotten, the fiber being weight of the plates of the arma entirely destroyed. I have found ture. that it is practically impossible to 'l'he direct current dynamo used remove sulphuric acid from leather to excitethe fields of this alternator by washing in water, as samples of is seen in the foreground in the leather which were dyed with t he sllIall engraving, and it will be noted acid colors, and the addition of the is directly connected to the driving requisite amount of sulphuric acid, shaft of the main machine. The on analysi!! still showed traces of collector brushes of this machine the vitriol, after they had been left are seen on the end of the shaft, in a r u nning stream of water for a the commutator being placed on period of five weeks. I think that the extrewe outside, while the slip another matter which has been to rings and brushes of the alternator sOllle extent overlooked by those are inside the main bearing. authorities who have been con The three-phase alternator shown sulted on the matter by the book hi the larger engraving is directly binders is the use of soda for strip connected to a 1,000 horse power ping the natural tannage of many llOrizontal compound engine manu of the foreign tanned leathers, as factured by Weyher & Richemond, I wentioned earlier in this lecture; of Paris. This engiue is on exhibi this, in my opinion, causes the tion in the French section, and is leathel\ to be unreliable, though capable of delivering a cnrrent of undoubtedly sulphuric acid is the 250 amperes at a potential of 2,200 chief cause of the mischief.. In wy volts. The speed of the revolving opinion, bookbinding leathers and field' magnet is 95 revolutions per THREE-PHASE ALTERNATOR, WITH 1,000 HORSE POWER ENGINE. leathers for furniture ' purposes minute, and the frequency . should not be dyed with at this speed is 50 periods the acid colors together per second. The field mag with the addition of sui nets consist of 64 pole phuric . acid. If the acid piel!es, which are excited colors are used, they should as described in the other be used either without any case. addition, or, if any, only ••• the addition of acetic acid, A ppllcatlon o� Aniline or a little bisulphate of Dye8tuWs to Leather. soda, which latter agent., Mr. M. Chas. Lamb, head so far as I have been able of the Leather Dyeing and to test, has apparently no Finish i n g Department, injurious effect upon the Herold's Institute, Be r leather, if not used in great mondsey, read a paper on excess. The leather should the dyeing of leather early on no account be stripped thi!! year before the West of the tanning with an Ri_�of the So alkali, nor should it be ' ciety of Dye� a:lla''C6Ior cleared with vitriol or any ists, and reprinted in the other acid that has an in journal of the society. The jurious effect upon leather; author writes : practically the only orfe .. '.rhe dyeing of leather, permissible be inga cetic I may say without fear of acid. It would .be much contradiction, is the most better to use the basic dyes, difficult branch of the art where no acid is requirfld, of dyeing. The difficulties when dyeing these leathers, encountered by the leather though unfortunately this dyer are numerous ; one of class of coloring matter has the many is that skins the reputation of not being which have been tanned so fast to light as the acid with different tanning ma dyes." terials take the dye very ••• THREE·PHASE ALTERNATOR AT PARIS EXPOSITION. differently. This is due to A PETROLEUM spray is the fact that the vegetable used on the Missollri Paci material, with which tile skins have been tanned, taining in one and the saw €I skin the same shade ficline for lighting the fires of 10cQmotives. The reser itself contains coloring matter which is iwparted to throughout. This is usually due, not to theldyestnff voir for the oil is mounted on wheels. Compressed air the leather. Another of the dyer's difficnlties comes used, or the method of dyeing, but to the preparatory is med to spray the oil. The air can be taken from of the very marked and characteristic differences in treatment being insufficient." any Westinghouse receiver or pump. In using the the fibrous structure of the skins derived from dif Mr. Lamb gives an account of the operations prelim apparatus, the bed of coal is first placed on the grate, ferent sources, some skins being open and loose in tex inary .to the actual dyeing, and then proceeds to de and then the jet "'pray is ignited and direct.ed on to ture, and others firmer and more compact, which affects scribe the three distinct methods of dyeing in u�e in the coal, being moved over the surface uutil . the the dyeing, in that an open, coarse-textured skin will this country, viz. the " tray ," the "paddle," and' the whole is ignited, which usually requires about fiftee� absorb more dye than will a skin of firwer texture, the .. drum" methods. He specially alludes to .bookbind- minutes. OCTOBER 13, 1900.
!RE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE HYDROSTATIC in Pearson's Magazine. Alla result of the experiments vation as for scientilic study. At Trappes, between LEVEL IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. in questioD, it was asserted that a man could be lifted Versaille.s and Rambouillet, not far from the famous BY OWllN B. llAGINNIS. several hundred feet in the air without the slightest ruiDs of Port Royal des Champs. a camp and an ob The science of modern building construction necessi danger and without the aid of aDY gas receptacle. An servatory have beeD established where a few earnest tates the introduction of such instruments, tools, and apparatus strong enough to lift two men weighs hardly scientists are devotiDg their time to the study of the appliances as will expedite the work and lessen ex more than 100 pouDds. Kites can be assembled and upper strata of the atmosphere. This meteorological pense by economiziDg time. Such aD implemeDt is sent into the air in fivemiD utes. Their desceDt can be station owes its existeDce to the untiriDg energy of the hydrostatic or water level, shown in the accom regulated by a parachute. The cost is hardly a fiftieth M. Leon .T. de Bort, who has sacrificed Dot only his panyiDg drawing. The instruments most popular for part of that of a balloon asceDsion. time but also his fortune to furtheriDg the science of leveliDg in layiDg out large works are the eDgineer's Baden-Powell began his experimeDts in 1893. If he meteorology. transit, theodolite or architect's Y level, all of which has not magDified the importance of the results which Perhaps the most curious structure among the iso· are of the utmost utinty for mechaDical operations. he has obtaiDed, it is not too much to hope that. before lated buildings which comprise the station at Tra ppes However, the form of improvised water level showD in the Trans\'aal war has seen its close, the utilit.y of the is the rotatiDg house in which baliooDs are inflated. our engraviDg is. perhaps. most adapt- The house is mounted opon rollers so able. as it can be easily and cheaply = that it can be turned to suit the direction made, is accurate in its action and simple of the wind, and is cODnect,ed by under in its application. As will be seen, it grouDd pipes with the hydrogen plant consists of a long piece of ribbed rubber which forms aD annex to the balloon and hose or pipe. half aD inch internal dia kite shed. ,In one of the adjaceDt build meter, with pieces of transparent glass iDgs such iDstruments of precisioD as tubing. twelve or eighteen iDches 10Dg, thermometers, barometers aDd the like fnserted in each end. These glass tubes are kept. The remainiDg houses serve should. if obtainable, be graduated into either as photographic dark rooms aDd inches and parts of inches down to sh camera obscuras for photographing teenths, but if graduated tubes are not to clouds, or as workiDg rooms in which be .had, smooth tubes of clear thick glass mathematical computations are made. of chemical tUbiDg will do, and a quarter The experimeDts at Trappes are con ' or half-inch section can be cut off the end .. ducted with pilot'balloons and kites. of the rubber pipe and set over the glass The pilot-balloon is free. ODce inflated tubes, which will slide up or down so as aDd left to itself. it rises aDd drifts away to form a gage. to fall whenever its gas has escaped. If Water is poured into the rubber hose it laDds in a country in which the people pipe and glass tubes till the ends over are eDlightened and civilized, it is sent flow, when they are kept full by placiDg back to the startiDg place. together with a small tip or faucet at the ends of the all the automatic recordiDg apparatus tubes, as shown. When in use, the fau with which it was equipped. cets mUt!t be opened in order to allow the The recordiDg apparatus referred to water to find its own levelo One glass comprises several small alumiDium cagel:'. tube is placed agaiDst the wall which has Upon a cyliDder rotated by clockwork, been built to the requ ired height, being three peDS register the thermometric, held firmly agaiDst the face 'of the wall barometric, and hygrometric conditioDs. · with the gage set four, six or eight inches As a matter of precaution, each iDstru- from the top as desired. the gage being A SIIIPLE HYDROSTATIC LEVEL. ment is accompanied by a checkiDg appa kept at the edge of the brick or stone wall ratus, with the records of which the in templet, from which the required level is to be meas kite as an instrument in modern warfare will be dications of the first iDstrument must agree.. ured. Here it is held by one man, while another car assured. If the truth must be told, it is . difficult to Althoughthe Trappes Observatory for dYDamic mete ries the other glass tube to the object to be measured. imagiDe a man suspended 2,000 feet above the ground orology has been in existeDce but t IVOyears , as lIlan y as When the water is exactly on the line of the gage. the from a maehiDe which is the plaything of the wiDds 174 pilot-ballooDs have been sent up from its grounds. level poiDt is determined,.and the distance of the de and which is only too read y to pluDge down at aDY These ballooDs have attaiDed an average height of tail above or below the gage will denote the discre momeDt. But it ·is still more difficult to imagine this 6,000 meters (19,680 feet), and almost all have fallen in pancy in the relative heights. This will be readily same man, without that feeling of security so essential the east, whatever the distance they covered . One bal understoorl from the engraving, wbere this simple to accurate observation. spyiDg upon an enemy aDd loon fell in the very heart of the city of Berlin. That instrument is represented in use as setting the levels endeavoring to gather such information as may be of the prevailing wiDds in the upper strata of the atmo on top of a foundation wall for templets for iron value. sphere are therefore southwest or southe ast is ob beams, or in a pOSition where tile transit or Y level The proper sphere of the kite's usefulness would vious. and staff would not be so convenient or so applicable. seem to be in that field of meteorological experiment in In addition to pilot-balloons, Hargrave box-kites are ' MaDY masons use this instrument with a rod for finding whi(,h FraDkliD was a pioneer. That the kite can also used, varyiDg in height from 6 to 8 feet. They are se depths of trenches for walls, piers, etc., for leveling for be used for military purposes (I;ignaling and the like), cured t o a wiDdlass upon which 10, 000 meters (32, 800 templets, sills, water tables, or other details, especially and especially for taking bird's eye photographs by feet) of steel wire are wouDd. The wind lass is driven in an excavation which is cro wded with piers, shores. means of automatic apparatus. seems likely enough. by aD electric motor. At the ground end of the wire derricks or appliances, which, of course, render the use But the lifting of a man to the dizzy height of a an instroment is mounted which iDdicates the length of the transit or Y level impossible. thousaDd feet or more, so that he lDay leisurely study of wire paid out and the allgle of its inclinatioD. •••• • an enemy's position, traDscends _W i t h i n the THE ]!'BENCH IIETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATORY AT the bouDds of possibility. box· kites other TRAPPES. In FraDce both the kite and instrumellts It is. perhaps, not generally known that Major the balloon are also used ; but are placed Baden-Powell, who has . distiDguished himself more not so much for military obser- which record than once iD the tempera the Transvaal ture, pressure War, is not only of the .a tmo a soldier of un· s p h ere. and question able h yg rom e t ric ability but a con�dition of scientist whose the strata meteoro I ogica I which have investiga t i 0 DS beeD traversed. have been stamped with THE Dppart the official ap l1IeDt of Works proval of Eng of New South land's war mill Wales is about istry. It wa, I to iDtroduce a through his in· large floating fluence t hat CI'll11e for use at the Eng I i sh the por t of a I' 111 Y abaD ' ��""'�iiI Sydney. . The doned t,he CUI1l craue, which is brous military to be construct balloon and .cd within · the adopted in its colo D y, is to stead the lDore have a lifting easily control capacity of 80 led and . more tons at a speed s imp I y con of 5 feet per structed kite. llliDute, aDd 20 '1' he experi tons at a speed meDts made by' of 14 feet per the E n g 1 ish minute. It is lIlajo� in col estimated that laboration it will cost with his broth· about ODe hun er officers have dred thousand been described BALLOON-INFLATING HOUSE. KITE-LlNE·WINDING APPARATUS. dollars. 230 $ titutifit JlUtricJu. OCTOBER 13, 1<)00.
Automobile News. A CABLE·GRIP FOR MINING·CARS. Scleotle N ote •• A new apartment house in course of erection on The accompan yin g illustrati(lns represent an im The tomb of Sir Humphry Davy, at Geneva, which West End Avenue and Seventy-ninth Street, New York, proved cable grip invented by Mr. George C. Niles, of · has been in a neglected state for some time, has recently will have attached to it automobile stables for housing Arcata, Cal., for use on mining-cars and other vehicles been restored. the a to ob es of tenants. Facilities for char ing to be o ll d t a e ng cable. F g 1 r esents u m il g pr pe e by a r v li i . epr Astronomer Wolff, of Heidelberg, has, by means of the electric ve ic es e ro ed on the first floor, and the device in ers ec ve; Fig. 2 rt sec n. h l ar p vid p p ti in pa ial tio his photographic process, discovererl three asteroids i n the second floor is n te ded living apartments for The grip comprises a fixed jaw secured to a bracket i n for a single night. the vehi cle attendants. and a U·shaped clamping-band between the unequal Nearly every window in Paris, specially in the poor members of which the jaw projects. The lower m iddle The new system of electrically propelled vehicles ua te , has plants growing we portion of the band clamps the cable against the free er q r rs in pots. A althy known as the Lombard-Gerin ·automotor has recently hilanthropist has had the idea of openi ng a hospital end of the fixed jaw. The band is clamped to opposite p been put in operation at Vincennes Park. In this sys for sick plants in the Faubourg St. Antoine. Green sides of the fixed jaw by means of a bolt and nut, B, tem the car, a kind of omnibu�, is driven by a motor houses have been built and there are gardeners to look the bolt passin g through a slot in the longer member of attached to one of the axles ; it takes its current from after plants that are brought in until they recover. the band. The end of the longer member of the band is an overhead wire. which supports a rol ling trolley car They are then returned to their owners. screw-threaded, passes throu h a slot in the bracket of riage from which hangs a flexiblecable connected with g the fixed jaw, and is held in place by a nut, A. basket modeler has been invented by Mr. Thomas the vehicle. At Vincennes a series of posts have been A When the nut, B, is released and the nut, .A,scr ewed Taylor, the superintendent of the Liverpool School for erected along the road which passes around Lake Indigent Blind, for the purpose of assisting blind D aumesnil. As there are, of course, no rails, two bare people in the construction of their baskets. The de copper wires are strung upon the posts ; upon this vice consists of a wood n base· board drilled with holes rolls the carriage, carrying the flexible cab le. '.r he e into which are fit e steel ns arranged to the re cable passes into a hollo w mast supported on the top t d pi quired shape. The w i cker is then worked over these of the vehicle ; its length Illay be increased or dimin pins with the utmost ease and rapidi ty. ished, the slack being partly taken up by a cou ter n • weigh t co ntained in the column. The trolley is itself The Prnssian government is making systematic in- provided with an electric motor, which operates two quiries with a view to increasing knowledge upon the friction rollers driving the main pulleys, which travel su bject of cancer. Every registered physician has over the wire. The motor of the vehicle is of the con· received a paper asking questions relative to experi· tinuous current type with series winding. On the op ence in cancer cases, An attempt is being made to posite end of the shaft it carries a collector formed of find out if cancer is heredi tary, if it is contagious, and three rings, by which alter nating cu rrent, threecphase, whether it is connected with any particular habit, is taken when the motor is in operation. This current such as over-indulgence in alcohol, tobacco, etc. , and is used to drive the motor of the trolley, and to this whether it is more prevalent in one district than in end the cable uniting the latter to the vehicle has six another. wires, two of these being direct current at 500 volts to Widespread damage has been caused in the Archreo the motor of the vehicle; this current then returns to logical Museum in Florence through the madness of a tIle trolley in the form of three-phase current by three door-keeper. He at first endeavored to murder the 1I· i 1·es of the cable. The sixth wire is used to control a director of the museum, but as his efforts in this direc brake on the motor of the trolley. This system has tion were frustrated, he seized a chair and commenced been previously tried over a stretch of road five miles to smash everything that came within his reach. Be· ill length along the quay of I�sy-les·Moulineaux, out AN IMPROVED CABLE·GRIP. fore he was overpowered he had hopelessly pounded side of Paris, where it succeeded very well. The to fragments an ancient historic vase discovered in tests made at Vincennes have met with equal success, up, the clamping-band forces the cable up agai nst the China in 1844 and estimated to be worth $100,000, and and show to the public the method of working and free end of the fixed jaw. This adjustment haVing also a Roman chariot found in Egypt which was worth the advantages of the �ystem. been made, the nut, B, is screwed up so as to hold the over $600,000 and which we have illustrated. members of the clamping-band firmly in position on One of the most interesting features hl the recent A short time ago, during some digging operations in opposite sides of the fixed jaw. The short member of series of military maneuvers carried out in France Chester, England, an interesting relic of the Roman the clamping-band is bent to fit the correspondingly has been the use of automobiles for transporting the occupation of Great Brit.ain was unearthed. This was shaped outer face of the fixed jaw, sO that the lower officers and for carrying searchlights. The officers are a section of lead piping, supposed to have been laid cu rved portion of the clam pi ng- band properly fits the now commencing to use the automobile. and fin d it a about the year 79 A. D. , and was uti lized for the pllr cable after h aving been adj usted. great convenience. General Brug�re, for instance, has pose of carrying water to the Roman camp. About o li h .,.�. pr fessed quite a king for the automobile ; during t e twelve months ago a similar piece of piping was un A CONVENIENT ENVELOP MOISTENER AND maneuvers he made a trip from Chartres to Rambouil earthed near this same spot, but its origin was d is· SEALER. let, in order to pay his respects to President Loubet. puted. This new discovery, however, sets all such . An invention which has recentl y been patented by Mounted on a 16 horse power machine, he made a controveries at rest, since upon the piping are plai nly Charles L. of Westerly, R. I., provides a simple speed of 36 m iles an hour, the train making only 30 Vose, inscribed th e words " Cnmus Julius Agricola." This device for mo sten ng and seali n g envelops in a manlier miles ; hp. now prefers the automobile to the horse. i i relic is additionally interesting since it is said to be the General Lucas also favors the a utomobile, but prefers which is certainly far Illore cleanly than the method only inscription extant bearing the Roman go,"ernor's travel at somewhat safer speeds. The officers h ad with which we are all famili ar. to name. prepared a surprise on the occasion of the maneuvers, The moistener and sealer consists essentially of a One effect of the cotton crisis in Liverpool, Manches in th e shape of an automobile searchlight. This was cen tral glass tube provided at one end with a soft rub ter, and the other towns of Lancashire, owing to the kept secret until the last moment, haVing beeu COll ber nipple iu which a sponge is received, and at the fai lure in A merican cotton, has been the introd uction �tructed unde1' the supervision of General Brug�re. of Egyptian cotton upon the English market. Efforts M. Marcel Renault is the i nventor of the system. The have been made for some ti me past to induce the spin· antomobile used is of the road-wagon type. having two ners of Lancashire to experiment with the Egyptian seats in front. In the rear has been constructed a light prod uct, but with only indifferent succesi<, since t he column which supports the searchlight at the top, supply from America was so adeqnate. But America's carrying an arc lamp entirely inclosed in a metallic case shortage has proved Egypt's opportunity, and now which takes about 7 horse power. Below is a small several spill ners are usi ng Egyptian raw material. If dynamo of 7 horse power ; it is mounted on a secondary the latter article o b tains a strong footing among the shaft, which may be con nected with the main shaft of Lancashire spinners, it w i ll possibly be a heavy blow the motor by a transmission system capable of beir.g for the American growers, sillce the Egyptian pro disconnected at will. The machine started out afte� ducers will exert themselves to the utmost to flood the dark on the immense plain of Beauce, which extends market. If they can only succeed in meeti ng the de around Chartres, llIaking a certain distance lighted man d , they will be sure of an increasing and lucl"ati I'e only by its acetylene headlight, which covers about 150 trade. feet. At intervals the machine stopped, and by llIeans of a lever the dynamo was set i n motion; the search· M. Schoen has devised a new photographic printin g light then sent a stream of light coveri ng a d i stance of process. The inventor bases h is discovery upon thc two miles, and by its means the country around was use of d iazo compounds, as in the primulin process and explored. After proceeding a certain distance this feer-type. He converts ortho-amido·salicylic acid into maneu ver was repeated, and it was seen what valu its diazo compou nd by the action of sodium nitrite on able services an apparatus of this kind would render in a well cooled solution of the acid in dilute hydrochlo such cases. The military staff were greatly satisfied VOSE'S ENVELOP MOISTENER AND SEALER. ric acid. The precipitated prod uct which results is with its performance, and there is no doubt that this washed w i th SUlali quantities of water, and is subse a to obile searchlight will prove a valuable adjunct quently dissolved in a dilute sodi um carbonate solu u m other end w ith a hard ru bbpr cap in which the metal th r to the army. .ForiIlu�t ,ratiolls see the cu rrent SUPPLE bearings of a soft rubber roller are held. 'l'he central tion. The paper to be coated is ei e immersed in MENT. On one occasion, a m ember of General Bru glass tube contains water which is fpd to the sponge. this solution, or the latter may be applied to the paper g�re's staff traveled over 100 miles in an automobile In sealing an envelop, the gumme(j flap is moistened with a brush ; or with a mixture of it and gelatine, in a very few hours, and was able to supply t he com by means of the sponge. The device is then turned and then dried in the dark room. The paper is then mander-in -ch ief of the army with full details of the aroun d, and the moistened flap even ly and squarely placed in the pri ntin g frame under the negative, and operations acc m l is ed by t e various detachments. printed in the ordinary way until a strong red image is o p h h sealed by means of the ro lls journaled -in the cap pre The Scotte train appears to have d isti nguished itself viou sly mentioned. obtained. The fixingand toning of the prints are ex also in these maneuvers. One morning this train left For the purpose of holding the moistener ann. sealer ceedi ngly simple, si nce the print has only to be washed Paris at ix o'olock of a s he c e w th ferro- r s a e until s in the morning with a load when not in use, Mr. Vose employs a holder composed in water, s i t as i p us i t paper, 30,000 pounds of corn for the front, and returned the of a soft ru bber suction base upon which a glass the yellow color of the unexposed parts of the paper m g a has disappeared, when the finished picture in red. is ob sa e n i h t, having ccomplished a total distance of holder is mounted . When the rubber snction base is 50 miles. To perform the same task with animal labor moistened and pressed down on a table or desk so that tained. T h is red substance is the resultant effect caused it was estimated that thirty-six horses would have the air is expelled, the holder will be so firmly affixed by the . light acting upon the diazo compound. The been they would have occupied color does not change at al l th h required, and that that its removal requires no little effort. roug exposure to the th ree days to cover the same distance with the sallle • ·e· • light, but a variety of tones may be obtained by i lll·· con voy, which would have been twice as long and A CORRESPONDENT in Providence, R. 1.. suggests t.hat mersing the fi nished picture in ( solutions of salts of would have required a larger escort. wireless or aerial telegraphy be called " airograph." iron, cobalt, etc. , or in lime or baryta water. OCTO:BER 13, 1<)00. J ,itutifit �lUtritau.
ELECTRICAL PALACE AND FOUNTAIN AT THE toward the front; from the main pipes are branches sembles a piano key in appearance; there is thns a PARIS EXPOSITION. formed of lead pipe which supply the jets. The four suecession of these keys, each of which closes a dUi'er The Electrical Palace and Fountain occnpy one end fountains in the rear on each side have a central jet ent circuit. Below the keys revolves a cylinder of of the Champ de Mars and constitute the central fea with three others grouped around it ; the large foun metal around which are fixed a number of screws, ture of this part of the Exposition grounds. By day, tains in front ha\Te each eleven jets. whose heads form projecting points. These strike the the en!lemble presents a highly decorative effect, but it The illumination of the paraholic and vertical jets of 'keys and canse ,the levers to .be operated in 81lcceFsion is at night that it appears to best advantage, when the the fountain is carried out by means of arc lamps and according to a given arrangement. In this manllf'l' thp crest of the Electrical Palace is outlined by thousands reflecting mirrors, placed in the basement underneath solenoids of all the apparatus are operated at on ('I', of incandescent lamps of varying colors, and the vari the fountain, the light being projected up either verti and all the jets are illuminated at once with a pre· ous cascades and jets of the fountain are brilliantly cally or at an angle according to the character of the determined arrangement of color. The cylinders are illuminated. jet. The parabolic jets are illuminated at their com turned by a hand-wheel and gearing in the cf'nter, and One of the great difficulties which confronted the mencement and also where they fall into the basin bv the different changes of .color may be made in more or projectors of the Exposition was to mask the great Ma two separate windows, each wit.h its own apparatll�, less rapid succession. Below the keyboard is a set of 1889. these being arranged to always give the corresponding chinery Hall of the Exposition of It was decided . levers by which all the solenoids of each color may be not to remove it, but to conceal it in such a way as to colors. operated independently of the keyboard: thus one make it harmonize with the surrounding buildings. Underneath the fountain is a very extensive base lever throws on.all the reds, etc. A third lever works This was done by covering the entire front by a ChMeau ment, where all the arrangements are provided for the all t�e solenoids at once, thus giving either extinction, d'Eau or large fountain. It consists of a lofty hemi water supply and the lightin/!,. The basement has with all the shutters down, or the white light of the spherieal structure, the concave side facing on the gar been constructed with cement walls and floors; the arc, when all are raised. The fourth lever is used to dens, forming at the same time the chief architectural ceiling is braced at intervals by pillars. In the rear, lift all the keys to allow the cylinders to be changed. and central feature of the Palace of Elf'ctricity and the below the central niche, are the two main pumps for A number of these cylinders have been prOVided, each apparent source of the cascade. The faQade of the Elec the water supply. These are driven by electric motors, I!:iving a different play of color. trical Palace is surmounted by an orfil\loental crest and the volume of water furnished to the fountains is The circllits of the incandescent lamps for the illu formed of repou�s� metal work arranged in various de over 350 gallons per secoud. The water pa.sses from mination of the cascades and the other parts of the sil!:ns; some of these are formed by the addition of the pumps to two large pipes, about two feet in dia fountain, as well as those upon the crest of the Palais stained glass. The general tone of the metal work is meter, which proceed toward the front, where the d'Electricite in the rear, pass to a similar .• jeu d'orgue," buff and white, which harmonizes well with the faQade branch pipes lead to the different parts of the foun provided with cylinders giving a certain arrangement of the electric fountain, which is of cream white staff. tain. The main point of interest in the basement is of color. The incandescent circuit has, besides, an ap At the top of the crest is a serills of white globes con the installation of reflecting apparatus with arc pro para.tus which permits a gradual lowering of brilliancy ta.ining incandescent lamps of different colors, below jectors for illuminating the jets and giving the differ� and a I!:radual passage from one color to another. This is a similar series of globes, and the form of the crest is ent colors. The light is sent up through hea.vy glass consists of a flat metal table upon which are arrang'ed outlined by incandescent lamps which are distributed panes, laid in the cement floor of the. basins; the a number of contact-bar�, across which are moved over it. The whole may be illuminated in red, yellow, mechanism of the different color screens has been ar three sets of contact-brushes by means of an appro blue or white, by a suitable arrangemf'nt of circuit�, or ranged 80 as to be entirely automatic, and is operated priate mechanism operated by a motor. To the con different combinations of color may be secured. A nuUl by an electro· magnetic system. The wires of all the tact-bars are connected the terminals of a series of re ber of arc projectors placed in apparatus pass to a central sistance coils placed below. the rear illuminate the stained switch board, or "jeu d'orgue," •. e .• glass designs with striking effect. anli they are thus all con The Glasgow .ExhlbltloD oC 1901. At the highest point is a group trolled from one point. The arrangements for the great exhibition to be representing the Genius of Elec The elect.ro-magnetic ap held in Glasgow next year are rapidly approaching tricity drawn in a car by hippo paratus used is simple in its completion. The entries for the exhibits were closed griffs; in the rear of the group action and at the silme time more than three months ago. It is anticipated that it is an immense star formed of a very effective. The general will prove a gigantic success. The last exhibition, gilded metal frame carrying glass appearance of one of these which was held in 1888, and was opened by the brilliants strung upon wires. projectors will be seen in the Prince of Walps, attracted 6,000,000 visitors and real The central niche of the faQade illustration. Thet!e are made ized a profit of $270,000. The present exhibition will is surmounted by an arch in in different, sizes, according be held in the same place as the last, Kelvin Grove handsome relief desil!:ns. The to the importance of the jet Park, a charming expanse of sixty-seven acres. Her central niche extends back to a to be illuminated, but their Majesty the Queen, and the other chief personages of considerable depth; it is also appearAnce is practically the the roya.l family, have extended their patronage to very handsomely ornamented by same. In tbe rear is an arc the exhibition, and it has also received the support appropriate relief designs and of the elite of English society, groups. In the center is the and of the principal scientists of grotto from which proceeds the the cOllntry. The scope of the main cascade. Below the grotto exhibition is to present a full are a series of basins descending illustration of the produce and in a succession of different le\'els manufactures of the British Em and finally reaching the· main pire, its dependencies, dominions basin. The water is elevated to and colonies, together with an the height of the grotto, from adequate representation of other which it falls, forming the princi countries. Naturally, since Glas THE PARIS EXPOSITIO�-SECTION THE ELECTRICITY BUILDING AND CHATEAU D'EAU. pal cascade, into the succession OF gow is the focus of the shipbuihl- of basins below. One of the ing, engineering, and manufac basins of the descending series has been Ulade some lamp with its parabolic reflector, and in front of turing, industries of Scotland, the collection and ex what larger than the others, and is provided with a this is a series of color screens. These are formed of hibition of, machinery will be excE'ptionally promi series of parabolic jets which are directed .toward the a brass framework· holding the panes of glass, leaded nent. For the accommodation of this section a tre front. toget.her, this arrangement' being used to avoid crack mel'dou8 building has been erected. In order to produce an effective illumination of the ing by the heat of the arc. Each frame is made Probably the most striking buildings, however, are cascades it has been found necessary to divide these in two· halves, which are hinged tOl!:ether so that the new art gallery and museUIIJ, in which are to be into drops, !los a sheet of water illuminated by lamps when the upper half closf's it draws the lower half placed the art and sdence collections of the Corpora placed in the rear would not appeal' luminolls in itself, with it. There' are thus three sets of shutters, tion of Glasgow. This building was really intf'nded as while the drops reflect the light, and the cascade thus one for each color, red, yellow, and blue; The closing a memorial of the 1888 exhibition, and, indeed, the appears illuminated. The borders of the basins are of the shutters is carried out automatically by the profit derived fmm that show constituted the nucleus provided with an arrangement to separate the water magnetic arrangement been to the right and left. One of the vast SUIll that hal:! since bef'n collecte
LAUN.H OF THE )[ORITOB "WYO)[ING." sel, ,the " Wyoming" is considerably less in dimensions one round from them will have 12,800 foot-tons more The " Wyoming" is one of four similar vessels which compared with the ., Monterey," though both are prac energy than one round from the four guns of the larger were authorized in May, 1898. The others are the tically of the same type. The " Monterey " is 255 feet vessel. .. Arkansas," building at Newport News ; th£. .. Con in length, and is 59 feet bearD, with a depth of 14 feet The keel of the new monitor was laid in Oetober, necticut," building at Bath, Me. ; and the " Florida." 10 inches. The " Wyom ing's " dimensions are : Length, 1899, and her completion, is promised in six months. which is under construction at the Le wis Nixon yard, 252 feet ; beam, 50 feet ; and mean draught, 12 feet 6 Elizabethport, N. J. These ships represent the modern iuches. The side armor of the former ,vessel is 13 Signaling WUh KltelJ. development of the monitor type of warship, and in inches in greatest thickness, tapering to 8 inches at the A system of war signals with colored parachutes in them an attempt is made to mitigate as far as possi ends ; of the latter, 11 i nches, tapering to 3 and I) midair was te8ted September 29, by :, W. A. Eddy. of b!e the inherent Bayonne. A light defects of a sys box 3 feet square tem of des i g n was sent up by which, while it two 9·foot kites. was well suited to The box was di- the rivers, bays v,ided into two and shallow wa com partments, ters of the civil e a c h provided war, is ill adapt with a. trap door ed to the require and each contain ments of a mod ed an Amprican ern wars hip, flag and a. fo lded which should be paper parachute; capable of keep One of the para' ing the sea and chu tes had secur casting loose its ed to it a disk of guns in almost silvered paper. any kind of The flashing of weather. the sunlight upon However, with such a disk can be in the limitations seen a long dis of her type, the tance. 'I'he tra p "Wyoming " is a doors were secur serviceable vessel, ed by lighted tillle SINGLE-TUBRET, HARBOR-DEFENSE MONITOR " WYOMING. " for she is heavily fuses, and one was t ns. 12 Belt, Inches; tarrets, Inches; 11 inches; armed, well pro DllJplaeement, 3,235 o Speed� knots. Normal Coal Su pply, 400 ton@. Armo r: 11 10 barbettes, to release deck, 1;.6 inches. Armament : Two 4O-callber. 12-lnch B. L. rifles; rour 4-IDCh R. F. rifles; two 6-pounder seml-antomatics; eight I-pounder antomatics. timed tected, and with Complement, 131. Date, 1900. the door in five her modern mOe Il),inutes, and the tive power and for a monitor superior aC(lommodation, inches. Displacement: "Monterey;' 4,084 ; .. Wyom other in ten minutes. When the parachute box reached she will prove to be economical and comfortable. The ing," 3, 235 ; horse power engines, 5,244 and 2,400 re a neight of 500 feet, the first match released the door and four vessels were authorized largely in response to the spectively ; speed, 13'6 and 12. the parachute sailed slowly away with the flagflying . symptoms of hysteria that developed among the citi The armament of the " Monterey " consists of two 12- The kites then carried the box up higher before the zeus of some of our large Eastern seaboard cities when inch and two 10·inch main battery, six 6·pounders, four second compartment was open ed by the other fuse. they imagined themselves threatened by the guns of I-pounders. two Gatlings. Of the " Wyoming." two The idea is to utle different colored flags suspended in Cervera's hapless fleet, and it is probable that the new 12-inch, four 4-inch rapid fire. two 6-pound semi-auto-' series under the parachutes, so that messages can be ' monitors will find a permanent station in four of our matic, four 1-pound automatic, and additiona:! four sent aloft. where they can be readily read at a con most important Atlantic harbors. automatic 1-pounders have been Ituthorized. siderable distance by the aid of glasses. The " Wyoming" was launched at the Union Iron Although the " Wyomiug" will carry only two heavy •••• • Works. San Francisco, on Se ptember 8, in the presence guns, as compared with four carried by the .. Mon THE Russian ice-breaking steamer .. ErmaJl;:, " is of His Excellency the Governor .of Wyoming and an terey," the increased power of her two 12-inch rifles, due being lengthened and the form of thEl bow has beeu enormous crowd of spectators. While a powprful vps- to greltter length ano smokeless powder. is such that altered.
�WIll' VBBilCAL ilUPLE EXPANSION ENGIll'ES OF �lL& "WYOKDrG."-DrDICAiBD KOBO POWlB Olf �BUL. 8.400. OCTOBER 13. 1900. Iti,utifit �m'ritlll. 233
Ali INGENIOUSLY WHITTLED :FAli. 'ELECTRICAL DUDGE :FOR THE VOLGA RIVER, cated . amidship. The runner makes from 100 to 180 On a street corner near City Hall Park in New York RUSSIA. revollltioDs per minute . It is driven by a divided, city, an industrious old blind man has for years plied In the whole field of civil engineering it would be dif vertical, triple-expansion engine, one set of cylinders a brisk trade in selling the fans which he dexterously ficulno find a device which has done more to expedite being carried on the starboard and the other set on the, whittles from a single piece of wood to the undis the construction of works that involve the bandling port side �f the pump, the whole being connected: guised admiration of the many small boys who gather and removal of great masses of material than the pow upon one shaft. The high pressure cylinder is 21 about him. erful suction dredges which are associated with the inches in diameter; the intermediate, 34 inches ; and The blind man's tools are a jack-knife and a tub of name of Lindon W. Bates, an American engineer. In the low pressure, 39 inches in diameter ; the commOI;l water ; his material a piece of soft white pine 12 or 14 a recent issue of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN we illus stroke being 24 in ches. The indicated horse power is trated the big dredges which are in use by the United from 1,425 to 1,600. Steam for the whole steam plant States government on the Mississippi River, and of is supplied by eight Babcock & Wilcox boilers. four these·the .. Beta " is credited with II. record of between on each hull. These are fired exclusively withnaphtha, seven hundred and eight thousand cubic yards of ma which is fed to each boiler by four burners. the spray terial handled in one hour. One of the most recent ing of the naphtha being accomplished by. a steam machines of tbis class to be constructed is the power jet. ful double dredge that forms the subject of our illus The dredged material is brought up by means of tration, which was built for the Russian govern ment dredging operations on the Volga River. In designing the Volga dredges Mr. Bates introduced several novel features, which were intended to econo· mize time in the maneuvering of the dredges themselves and of the pontoon pipes by which the dredged material is conveyed and discharged . A distinctly novel feature · is the use of electric power for these purposes, the movelI,lents of the dredges and of the pipes being con trolled by twelve separate electric motors, disposed on the dredges themselves and upon th� pontoons. In order to allow. the dredge to be taken through the canals bY;Wh.ich she had to pass from the· Baltic to reach the Volga R.iver, the dredge was constructlld practically in tWQ haives. Each of the two hulls is constructed of stpel· ,and is covered · with a 3 - inch pine deck, above whic.h is bu ilt a deck-house and a pilot-house of light frame composition. At the bow, recesses are formed to accommodate the "suction ladders." A fe w feet back from the bow, one on each side of the hull, are two triangular recesses, which are cut away to accom modate a pair of screw propellers. Each screw shaft is direct-connected to It. 125 horsepower electric motor. The shafts are arranged at an angle of about thirty :Fig. S.-A COMPLETED FAN. degrees with the center line of the vessel, and they not only co-operate with the twin propellers at the stern four suction pipes, which are attached near the bow of in driving the vessel ahead or astern, but they assist the dredge and hinged upon a common horizontal Pig. 1. Pig. a. in swinging the dredge to right or left when the oper axis on the dredge. They are raised and lowered by
HOW THE :FANS ARE JUDE. ation of dredging is in process. The twin propellers at means of derricks , two of which are attached at each the stern are also each direct-connected to a 125- horse bow, an d they are capable of dredging to a maximum inches in length, 2 inches in width, and about an inch power motor. Two 30-horsepower motors are carried depth of 16 feet. The lower ends of the four suction thick. Notches are made in each side of the piece of on each pontoon line , one of which extends from the pipes on each dred/ole are inclosed by rotary cutters, wood somewhat above its middle point, a thickness of stern of each half of the dredge. The four motors on which are robted by means of miter . gears and shaft one-quarter of an inch being left between the notches. each dredgf\ and the motors on the pontoons are all ing which are attached to the suction pipes and move The shorter end of the wood is split downward, as in connected with, and can be controlled from, the pilot with them. Each set of shafting is driven by Ii. cutter dicated in Fig. 2, as far as the notches, into sections house. The electric current is furnished by a 600- kilo engine, which is located in the forward part of the about n of an inch thick. From twenty·five to thirty watt generator, directly connected to a fore-and-aft hull. It will be seen from our illustration that the five parts or blades are needed to make a good fan. triple· expansion engine, which is clearly shown in our suction pipes and cutters form two ladders, supported To form the handle of the fan, the lower, longer por illustration. The engine has cylinders as follows : high one on either side of each hull, and approaching each tion of the wood is partially sectioned to form small pressure, 14� inches ; intermediate, 2�� inches ; and other just in front of the stem of the bow, the four auxiliary fans, or merely thinned down to form a low pressure, 37% inches diameter, the stroke being 24 cutters being spaced at equal distllnces from. each handle. The blades, . after having been thus produced, inches. At a speed of 200 revplutions . per minute the other, the width from outside to ou tside being slightly are notched, as shown in Fig. 1. The wood is then indicated horse power is 800. more than the extreme breadth of the dredge. thoroughly soaked in a tub of water, and the blades Of course, the most im portant feature in a dredge of Some novel features are embodied iil the pontoons, bent to form a fan of the form illustrated in Fig. 3. this type is the main centrifnglll pump, which is 10- which, with the exception of one at the extreme ends
POWERFUL ELECTRICAL SUCTION DREDGE FOR THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT-CAPACITY. 71000 CUBIC :YARDS PER HOUR. 234 J ,itU tifi' �lUtri'JlI. OCT01i:l:R 13, 1<)00 of the respective lines of discharge pipe, are all of necessary alterations are carried out. The huge 8witch Engineering Notell. si milar construction. Each -pontoon is IiO feet in boards of this exchange will be worked on the central The oalorific value of the Q\'erage London domestic len�th from center to ceuter of its couplings. The battery or glow-lamp system. The most 8li.lient char refuse has been esti mated at about 0'99 pound of cross-section of the pontoons is elliptical, the hori acteristic of this state service is that it will become a water from and at 2120 Fah. per pound of refuse burnt. zontal axis measuring 9 feet 3 inches, and the vertical powerful rival to the National Telephone Company, It is calculated that the total amount of power per IIxis 3 feet 3 iuches. The discharge pipe, which is 33 which hitherto has had the monopoly. The state annum which could be obtained from the whole of the inches in diameter, is built through the center of the proposes to offer a system so cheap that many private refuse in London if burned in puitable furnaces would pr}n �on, the pontoon proper thus forming a sort of houses will be supplied with the telephone. The sub amount to 133,000,000 brake horse power hours. l'llipfical jacket which incloses the pipe. scriber can either pay a certain sum annually, which At the Silver Works Company, of Antwerp, hilS Accom llJ odations are provided for seventeen officers is not to be more than $50-this is exactly half what recently been completed an immense chi mney shall, a-Id�men, some above and some below the main deck, is at present charged by the private company-or he 410 fe�t in height. The interior diameter of the struct allll the dredge is provided with a tender in the shape can subscribe to it on the toll service. In this case ure at the base is 25 feet, tapering to 11 feet at the su m of Ii stern-wheel steamer, 125 feet in length and 26 feet the subscriber will pay a small initial sum of about $15, mit. This chimney, however, is not the tallest staclt in beam, which is fitted with comfortable quarters for which will practically defray the actual expense in in the world, inasmuch as it is not so tall as the cele t he officers, and with bunks for ten men, besides all curred by the state for installing the instrument in brated Townsend stack at Glasgow, which towers 468 necessary living arrangements. On the main deck is a that particular building, and he will then be charged a feet into the air. machine shop wh ich includes a lathe, a drill press and toll of two cents every time he rings np the exchange, shapero 1'he dred�e is electrically lighted throughout paying nothing when he is rung up. The tramp question in the United States has been a and' the pilot-house is provided with a searchlight. • • • most serious one ever since the int.roduction of rail AfiQther important feature of the outfit is an oil barge ACCELERATION OF THE SPARK DISCHARGE IN roads. It is estimated that no less than 10,000 are car to carry the necessary fuel for tbe boilers. This barge STATIC MACHINES. ried nightly on trai ns, and that 10,000 more are waiting to steal a ride at the same time. The Pennsylvania is �O teet long by 20 feet beam , and has a total capacity BY BOWARD B. DAILEY. of 130 tl:)OS. The dredge was bnilt by the Soci�t� Railroad has taken a firm stand in the matter, and has One of the inevitable experiments with an influence C()c�erill of Belginm, which is one of the best known equipped a special police force for the purpose of pre· machine' is the exhibition of its spark discharge. As iron shipbuilding companies in Europe. venting trespassing. Some of the farmers, however� an aid in the production of extra rapid, full length rior to its departure for At. Petersburg the dredge do not approve of this action, as they obtain much of P Leyden jar discharges for purposes of display, the was given a very thorongh trial, with the result that their extra help in harvest times from the drifting _ spark-multiplying device here described is of great each half of the dredge was officially determined to population. service. In the di�ram, a and b are the usual con have a dred�i ng capacity of 3.500 cubic yards per hour, densers of a static machine. A switch, S, facili tates O wing to chan ges in the railway line several villages a total for the complete dredge of 7,000 cubic yards per the convenient connection or disconnection of their in South Dakota have been cut off from the ra ilroad . ho ur. The success of the electrically-driven propellers outer coatings. Two auxiliary or secondary con The resllltis that the villages have moved to the new for maneuverin� the dredge was shown in these tests densers, c and d, about equal in siz9 to the primary location. In the towns of Bloomington, Edgerton, Old by the fact that, when working on a course where ones, have their inner coats connected, as shown, with Platte, Castal ia, and Old Selby one building after an there was a current of from three to four knots per the outer coats of the primary jars, the outside coat other was put on skids and towed across the prairie by hOllr, the dredge could, be easily maneuvered with but ings of the secondary jars being in contact or joined means of horses and thrasher engines, says The Rail one line ahead under cit'cumstan ces where, with the by a switch similar to S. If S be opened while the ma way Review, and in one instance a structure 40 by 300 ory:linary type of dredge, half a dozen lines would have chine is in operation, the free exchange of electricities feet was moved three miles, while its contents of mer been necessary for anchoring the dredge and swing ordinarily taking place between the . onter coatings of chandise were not disturbed, and trade was being car ing it. • ••• • a and b during their charging and discharging pro ried on all the time• cess is interfered with to some extent by the intf'rpo Electrical Notes. sition within the extra or shunt circuit of the jars, c An interest-ingrecord of the number of locomotives ner "Augusta Victoria " The Hamburg-American li upon twenty of the principal railways i n England has an automatic telephone pay has been equipped with just been compiled, and it gives a very good idea of to use local or long dis station, enabling passengers the progress of locomotive building and the develop time of sailing. Just be tance telephones up to the ment of the railroads in Great Britain. There are in is from the forethe lines are cast off, a plug removed all 16.451 locomotives in operation upon these rail ways, If the scheme is hack, cutting off the connection. which is an increase of 277 upon the contemporaneous steamers of the fonnd to work satisfactorily, other returns of 1899. The railroads po�sessing the greatest company will be similarly equipped. number of engines are the Midland, 2,597 : the London In Buda�.Pesth there is a news telephone, and its ob and North-Western, 2,464 ; and the North-Eastern, ject is to keep its 6.000 subscribers supplied with all 2,083. Three other leading railways each possess over the latest news. 'f he service has a llJain wire 168 miles 1,000 engines. es and hi length, an/d it is connected with pri\'ate hous The British War Office is carrying out some experi morning varions public resorts. From 7:30 in the un ments with the new patent boot that has been invented s til 9 : 30 in the -evening, twenty·eight editions of new by Capt-. Loderer, of the Austro-Hungarian army. are spoken into the transmitter by ten men possessing This device consist-s of a leather sole, under the heel of in two. The news I<>.ndclear voices, workin!!: shifts of which is a contrh'allce of metal with a long spiral SPARK MULTIPLIER FOR STATIC MACHINE. is classi fied and given in accordance with a regular spring inside. The patent is so simple that it can be programme, and the service has been eminently suc readily attached to tile Grdinary boot. The object of ce8sful. and d, which experience a certain degree of electrifica the spring is to obviate any jar when placing the foot . A very ingenious and amusing diversion has been on tion at each spark occurring across the air gap at ..1..* on the ground, so that it is like putting the foot upon upon the primary cond en pxhibition at the Crystal Palace in London. This is the The effect of this action a cushion. Besides this ad vantage, it also acts as a their complete discharge, thus leav 'Vl rniscriptor, or writing by light. It consists of an sers is to prevent pleasant ventilator to the foot. The boot has been ing them partially fillen after the passage of each iugenious contrivance by which portraits or sketches submitted to prolonged experiments in the Austro and t.herefore in condition to have their strikin� are drawn, an::!tran smitted by electricity on the screen spark, Hungarian army, with distinct success. It Tenders potential re·established much sooner than would be in full view of the spectators. The exact means by walking easier, considerably red u ces the fatigue of the case after full discharge. Experiment shows that which t.he effect is attained is a secret jealously guarded marching, while soreness of the feet is entirely pre with a given length of spark at the succession by the operator, but it appears to be somewhat an A, of vented. Before introdllcin� it into the army, the becomes more than twice as rapid when 8 is application of the pantograph, only in this instance, flashes British aut.horities are testing it among the postmen, se the density of the sparks is inlltead of the picture being drawn upon a larger opened ; though of cour who have to tramp long distances in the performance proportionately reduced. The mild induced currents scale than the ori!!:inal, it is reduced ID size. The of their duties ovel' hard streets, which is particularly passing between the outer coats of c and d during the tiring work. If the boots prove succeFsfll 1 in this case, operator makes his original sketch upon a piece of ' � iarly desirable for paper or board about 13 inches !'quare. By means of display at A are of character pecul they will be distributed among the tr'oo ps, by whom iments requiring small volume an electric current this drawing is transferred, line by a certain class of exper they will be welcomed, since the present regulation line, to a small piece of specially prepared blackened with comparatively high frequelJcy, such as the illu boot is not cond ucive to comfort or ease during a long ogical effects, etc. I'urface upon !!:lass, about one inch square, and then mination of Geissler tubes, physiol march. If S be left open and the outer coatings of the second projected upon the screen by the limelight in the same The shipbuilding industry of the Clyde, which dur· ary jars disconnected, the discharge becomes a beauti manner that photographic slides are projected by the ing the last few months has been very quiet, owing to ful mixture of brush and sparks ; but the sparks, now optical lantern. As the artist draws his sketch upon the war, is now receiving a decided stimulus. Severa l the the extremely thin and -in enorlllons numbers, lose their original board, so it is transferred to blackened of tqe large firms have received orders which will tax bright bluish appearance alld become a dull red. The glass, and is projected upon the sheet. their highest pressure of working for se\'eral months to device' is of especill.l value with the sectorless Wims Work is now being carried on in London for the come. The Clyde Shipbuilding anll Engineering COIII hurst. As is well known, such machines exhibit much laying of the telephone wires. which are to be usecl pany has recei\'eJ orders for two steamers of ordinary in higher efficiency than those with sectors. They pos connection with the government scheme of supplying dimensions, five sets of engines for \- essels now in sess, however, one serious defect, viz , in order to have the citizens of the metropolis with an efficient tele course of erection in their own yards, and several any large percentage of their full power realized, con phone controlled by the Post Office. All the import orders for sets of triple expansion 'engines. Indeed, Fiderable resistance Is neces!
" BllOADWAY CHAltBERS. "-EXHDlITS AT TJD: temperatures this is Dot sufficient, it is supplement neeted directly with the street mains and fire pump. PARIS EXPOSITION. ed by a. direct ad mission of steam frOID the boi lers, including pipes, valves and bose. The roof, drainage In the United States section of the Civil Engineering ca1Tied out by a pressure-red ucing regula,t-<>r which en and ventilating pipes which lie above the t'oil are . in building is an extensive exhibit showing the construc ables the boilers to feed the steam-heating system galvanized wrought iron, with screw joints. The tubes tion of a modern office building. as exemplifled by the without losing pressure. The main steam-pipes rise exposed to view in the washstands and closets are of •• Broadway Chambers." one of the large buildings re from the ba;sement to a space between the l ast story copper, nickel- plated ; these copper tubes arl:'l marle cently erectEi!i in New York. The exhibit, made by and the roof, and from these are connected horizontal wi thout soldering and annealed, hard metal tubes bt' Geo. A. Fuller & Company and the sub-contractors, is branches which then descend vertically to supply the ing excluded from tbe building. The model also shows intended to show the revolution which has taken place radiators in the -differentstories. Thi� system is clearly the four large hydraulic elevators of the Otis type in America within the last few years in constructions which give access to all parts of the building ; oue of of this kind, and at the same time the rapidity with them is caused to mount and descend by a small which the construction may be carried out. Owing to electric motor arranged for the p urpose. the use of the steel skeleton which forms the frame The plaster model shown in one of the illustrations work of the building, the masonry need not be as mas giYes a good idea of the exterior of the bui lding ; it sive as that formerly used ; in fact, the walls serve has been made to a scale of one-half inch to the foot, mainly as a protAction against the weather and for the actual beight of the bui ldi ng being 230 feet. The architectural beauty, and the stability of the building fac;ade is of grani te from the ground floor to third depends entirely upon t he steel frame. story, in hard brick from the third to the fourteenth The exhibit shows the construction of a building of story, and in t erra·cotta to the top. The cou rses of this kind in a very complete manner. As will be seen brick have been arranged to give horizontal lines and in the illustrations. a 1lI0dei shows the skeleton frame diminish in this way the appearance of height. The and a p laster model shows the appearance of the exte fu ll size model in the rear of the exhibit is a reprod uc rior. This skeleton frame was illustrated fully in the tion of a portion of the upper stories as they actually SCIEN'.rIFIC AMERICAN of May 12. In the rear of the exist in the build ing. 'l'he general color of the terra exhibit is a full-size model showing the terra-cotta fin cotta is buff relieved by polychrome panels. The terra ish of the upper stories. A number of ful l-size sections cotta is hard, nearly vitreous and quite non-absorbent; illustrate the methods of construction of all the essen the joint s are carefully filled and covered to prevent tial parts of the building. The engin e and d ynamo for moisture from entering. the electric light ing, with the switchboard, are also The full size section exhibited shows the general ar shown. rangement of the offices an d the incombustible , con A view of the metallic model is seen in one of the struction of the walls and floor, al80 the disposition of il l ustrations, showing a modern steel frame complete, the various conduits. The pri nci pal corridors, as well ' with.all its det.ails. To support the frame work, a layer as the ground floor and the banking floor, are finished of cement 30 inches thick is placed upon solirlgr ound, in marble, and th e remainder in cement or tile. In and upon this rests the grillage, composed of I beams the section will be seen the main beam in the rear and placed side by sidl:'l and crossed in two or more layers. two of the floor beams ; between the latter is laid the From this the ma,i n posts rise to the top, joined later floor; this, with the exception of the secon d basement, ally at each story by the main cross-beams with tht'ir is com posed of arches formed of hal low blocks of terra floor-beams. The iron work is entirely protected hy SECTION OF SPANDREL, SIXTEENTH FLOOR. cotta ten inches thick. Abo\-e these is a layer of beton blocks of porous terra-cotta, completely incombustible. formed of cement mortar and broken terra-cotta ; in The main posts are generally constructed of channel this are laid the wood sleepers, as sbow n. and to these bars and flat plates riveted together by Z iron with shown in the model by miniature colored pipes. T here is nailed the floor planki ng. plates, or of trellis work, according to circumstances. are two CIon brock boilers in the basement, which are Auother full size section is th at s):JOwing a portion of The main cross-beams are generally I or channel iron ; connected with a ch imney 240 feet h igh and over three the front of the buildi ng. in which the construction is as will be noted, the corners of t he building are re in feet in diameter; the boilers, of the water·tube type, clearly seen. T he terra· cotta pieces forming the front forced by gussets. At eac h story the skeleton frame is are also shown by models. All ttm exposed part� of are attached by anchors to the �uain beams of the surrounded by angle-iron, which serves to support the the boilers and steam fittings are protected by a mag building. The cei ling of one story is seen be low, with facing. Allth e iron or steel parts are specially treated ; nesia covering 1%, inch es thick. The engi ne, of the the top of window, then the arrangement of tbe floor, they are· first well clean,ed to remove all tl'aces of grease Payne type, has a capacity of 100 h orse power, and is the terra·cotta. blocks, sleepers and plalJking and a por· or dust, then tion of the wall given a coat of of the upper pure linseed story. with the oil, and after in terior finish ward two coats and window of metal I ic sill. paint ; after The exhihit erection they contains a are g i v e n a num berof vho thick coat of tographs 0 f silicious a n d this building, graphi te paint. and of similar To the left of b u ilding s the i ll ustration erected on the will be noticed sam e system a full- size sec in different tion of one of ci ties, notabl y the main col i n Chica�o. umns, showin� A set of pro how it is sur gress pict ures rounded by taken d uring t e,r r a - c otta, the construc with the holes tion of the for the various . "Broad way pipes and con Cha m bers" duits. and the �hows the rap exterior finish id p r o g ress of plaster. To w h ic h may be the right are made with this two full-size con siruction ; models show t h e bui lding ing the meth was completed od of joining within seven the beams. months after The roof is the g rou n d constructed in was broken. the same way T h e build i ng as the beams \V a s designed of the m a i n hy Mr. Cass stories ; it iR Gilbert, archi covered wit h tect, with a water - proof Purdy & H.'I1- PLASi"ER )[O OF "BROADWAY CHA)[BERS " AT THE layer. the n FULL-SIZE TERRA-COTTA SECTION OF "BROADWAY DEL der�on as con PARIS EXPOSITION. wit h cement CHA)[BERS." su lting engin- covered with eers. The Paris terra· cotta tile. The steel model shows in miniature direct connected to a Bu llock dynamo which' can exhibit is ably superintended by Mr. Robert E. the arrangements (or heating and ventilating. plumb supply 650 lam ps. The current passes to a d istri but Fuller. ing, elevators, etc. The heat ing system is carried ing switchboard, which controls all the lamps in the •••• • out upon the most improved plan ; it is capable building. IN Cologne al l automobile vehicles must be provided of maintaining a uniform temperature of 70' F. The plumbin� and drainage systems are carefu lly with a nnmber large enough to be read at consider when the outside is at O· 1i'. The radiators utilizp ('arried out ; they have been installed according to the able distance, and every operator must have a certifi the steam which has just served for the electric New York Health Department rules. The hot and cate issued by the police authorities: Bell!! must be lighting and other power of the building, and cold water pipps are test.ed at a pressure of 150 pounds used instead of signal trumpets, and the vehicles must which wonld be otherwise lost. When at very low per square inch. There is a complete flre system, con- also have .two brakes. OCTOBER 13, 1900.
Some Pamou. "Ne!.." smaller craft, upon the deck of which were grouped that they should be presented to the- English nation as The late Duke of Saxe-Coburg indulged in many curi the sailors, soldiers, men, and women, while guns . are a memorial of one who devoted so much of his time to OilS and artistic hobbies. one of the most enthusiastic of shown on the decks and others with their muzzles pro the English navy, and to whom the welfare of the per· which was the collection of antique " nefs," or small jecting from the portholes. One, hailing . from Augs sonnel of which was constantly at heart. At present models of ships executed in silver. These quaint yet burg, is mounted with twelve silver cannon, has the the colleetion rests in large glass eases at the late duke's va:iuable'specimens of the silversmith's handiwork are, head of Pan at the bows and a fiag fiyingat the stern. residence, Clarence House.
unfortunately, very rare. The British Museum, at The hull, as in most of the other vessels, is inscribed •.e .• London, does not possess a single example, and the with a design. In this case it is sea nymphs bea.'I'ing October Dulldln" Bdltlon. South Kensington Museum is but indifferently rep the inscription .. CIytus Rex Oceanns." Reality is . 'rhe Building Edition of the SCmNTIFIC AMERICAN resented. The Czar of Russia possesses what is gen further imparted to this specimen by the sailors repre· for. October is a particularly handsome number. The prally believed to be the finest "nef " extant, pre sented at their duties in the rigging. Not long before colored cover illustrates a model dwelling at Montclair, !'ented by Queen Elizabeth of England to the then he died the duke added another val uable example to N. J . . 'Among the other interesting features of thjs Czar. Yet the late duke possessed a collection of his collection. This model portrayed a battle between edition .are the Music Pavilion, Golden Gate Park, San more than forty "nefs." Naturally, he was an ex Vasco de Gama, the explorer, and black warriors, FraQciseo, . Cal.. , "' Some Italian To wers," which por pert in connection with this unique craft, and he probably depicting some incident that occurred on one tray in.an artistJc manner a number of Italy's finest always displayed a keen delight in exhibiting hillspeci of his voyages. monuments, and a number of interesting houses, as JOens to his fflends. His collection is undoubtedly the The friends of the late duke, knowing the un bounded well as a simple summer cottage at Deal Beach, and a largest and finest in existence, si nce it includes some of · enthusiasm he evinced in collecting these nefs, were mpdern stable. the most beautiful specimens that have been manufac al ways ready to inform him where other models might tured in the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth be obtained, and the duke. never regarded any price • Ie••
centuries. Curiously enough , very little is known re that might be demanded .as prohibitive, since he was . The Corrent Sopplement. gard ing the early history of these curious craft, but in perfectly aware of the immense intrinsic value of these Tbe current SUPPLEMENT, No. 1293, has many in the:olden days such models were frequently presented diminutive craft. When the duke celebrated the teresting articles, including a number of important by one royal personage to another. Their avowed twenty-fifth anniversary of his connection as one of addresses, as the .. Inaugural Address of Prof. Sir purpose was to constitute a table ornament and a re the Brethren o Trinity House, his colleagues of that t;' Willia.m · Turner," . . A Report of the International ceptacle for wine. They were constructed with the corporation presented him with one large '· model, Psycl1ological Congress, " .. The Opening Address of the greatest care and skill, and unstinting pains were taken nearly two feet in length; of a trader, made in Nurem Depattment of Astronomy," by Dr. A. A. Common, by the smiths to render them faithful in design even berg in 1850, whi!;'h he greatly pt·jzed. .. Mechanical and Technical Education in the United to minutest details of the vessels of which they were the The manufacture of these nefs appears to. haye long States,ii by Prof. C. F. Chandler. "The Automobile models. As historic relics they are of inestimable value, since fallen into desuetude. . Their cost: 'was 'great, in Modern Warfare " is a fully il lustrated article, show since the rigs and characteristics of the battleships which fact no doubt served to render tbtiD':P10hibltive ing many hiterestjrig types. .. The Nobel Prizes for and merchant vessels of the various periods, being ab except to the most ardent collectors, and this fact Scientific ' Discoveries" gives the complete rules a.nd solutely correct, render them far more reliable for probably accounts for their great scarcity. The craft regulations for this competition. .. The Last Day of a reference than any amount of drawings or prints. was somewhat revived !loineyears ago by two models Farm Ho use at Pompeii .. is a most highly interesting The public had an opportunity of inspecting the which were manufactured of the English ships " Bri archlilologicalitrticle. dnke's collelltion in London, in 1891, at the ' Royal tannia" and •• Vic5toria," which were presented to the Naval Exhibition, in which they constituted a con Queen of England by 't he Royal Navy and Marines on spicuous feature in the Loan Art Section. The the occasion of her Jubiiee in 1887. l!' or the modeling Content ... models displayed were all magnificent examples of old of the first-class battleship " Victoria, " which was sunk (Dluatr8ted artIoles are marked with an utanU.)
French, old Dutch, Nuremberg, or Augsburg handi by collision with the " Camperdown " in the Mediter Automoblle new.;::...... 230 Leather, anmne dies for...... 228 __ work, and were freely embellished with intricate and ranean 'some years ago, a set of exact drawings were Bridge. electrical ...... 233 Level, hydrostatic"...... 229 Broadway cha,mbers...... 235 MeteorolOgical Observatory, beautiful detail. One of the finest, also the largest, was prepared. Some idea of the fineness of the work re Building edition ...... 236 French•• ••••••••••••••••••••••• 229 'a model of the "Felicitas " made at Nuremberg. The quired on this occasion may be gathered from the fact Cable grip...... 230 Naval progress ...... 226 ...... 227 Nets. antique...... 236 vessel is three-masted and is executed throughout in that each gun of her Nordenfelt armament, though it Culm bank . Electrical note ...... 234 Nobel prizea...... 227 . o.. parcel gilt. She is shown under full sail with fighting contained no less thau one hundred and eighteen Engineering notes ...... 234 Science notes ••.••••••••••• . ... 280 tops on the masts, while a triumphal procession of pieces, only weighs haJf an ounce, and can be placed Engines, high powe ...... 228 SlJInaling with kites...... 2'.12 ...... 280 Speeds. raHway.. .-,...... 226 Neptune and the sea gods is delicately chased in the upon the ordinary Engli!!h fiorin, which is only about Envelope moistener Fan, whittled...... 233 Static machines, spark dlBobarge ... 231 . _ . silver hull. As an example of the enormous skill that one ineh and a quarter in diameter. Fountains. electrical"...... 225, In· ...... 234 . .. . 231 . 236 was devoted to the work to render the model a com There is much speculation as what Glasgow Exposition ...... Supplement. enrrent...... to will become ' of .. . Inventions, index of...... 237 Tunnel to Brooklyn.... : ...... 226 plete vraisemblance of its prototype, there was a the duke's collection these nefs, . of but it is suggested lnventlons recently patented . .. 236 " Wyoming," launch of*...... 233
· BECENTLY PATENTED INVENTIONS. . • nechaolcal Devlces l ing of the hub and of thidlanges. To avilid tbese dAhget8 operatingtbe latcbes of the doors. The steam or aircan be poi . . Hospital A ppllancea. BARREL-OPENER.-JOSEPH A. BEllomo, MemphiS, and to. construct a w heel in which the metallic box and cOntrulled from anydesired nt Tenu. The pnrpose of tbls Invention ts to provide a de- the metallic covering of tbe hub are firmly united to PICTURE-FRAME.-HEBJlAN DAVIDSON, Manhat- INVALID-BED AN)) LIFTING DEVICE FOR barrel vice for removing the top boop of a , which deVice give rigidity to the wheel .is the object of the Invention. tan, New York city. To provide a simple means for -BE . ELBEBT E. M E , SPSm- R W - A PIII LL . HOSPITAL DS.-DB UNG R can be used with equal facility wbether the head be In WHEELBA RO . J S B B. WI SEA Denver, securing the back of tbe frame Is tbe object of this In_ cer Iowa. Medical men and S have long son ht a . nDrSe g the barrel or not. Tbe device consists of a band-lever, ' Colo. The handles or side bat'S of .the wheelbarrow have vention. The back has a spring-yielding perlpberal bed so constructed th t It conld a ord the pa ent very a a ff ti e provided wi th book adapted to engage the boop. The their forward ends ciurved np�ard and . forward 'to forin. ftange adapted to enter underneatb the ftange of a re p onal comfor an at the same time se e as an assi t- a to ers t d SO rv s lever ts fulcrumed on a link carried by foot designed striking-bars and to support the edge or. flange of tbe taining-atrip eXt!lnded along the upper portion of the ant norse or at ndant that tbe patient, re- to the te , rest. on the barrel-head. tray. The wheel has its /lXle.be�gs In the side bars plght-openlng of the frame. The back luis spring-yleld garoless of the cause or nature of his iIlnes •• could be ORE CRUSHER AND ' AMALGAMATOR.-LoUIS between tbe ends of the bOdy or tray. ' A bood in 'the Ing eu�eui with a clamplng-atrlp arranged along tbe easily nDl'l!ed without undue labor. Beds have been de- � JACQUJlS,Telluride, Colo. The o� cruber ' and anialga- body extends over the wheel to prevent contact .·of .the lower portlo� of sight-opening. vised wbicb have met some 01 these requirements. .... load th the w ee b l. The w.lieelis so arranged tha t th e SUPPORT FOR MINERS' LAMPS.-CBBlSTlANJ. bed mator comprises a sliding and ,rocking muller movable in ... · . The Munger invalid Is designed to meet them a H KEL, mortar. As the muller .a llPropches the end of the mOl'- load upon the handles is partly couiltetlialanced, .tbUB re. EC Pittsburg, Pelln. Tbe support comprises a D r n . . :�n/[�� := :u:u..:�!:�..:; =:: �::y :- � tar, it will be SO tilted !III I.!> leave a space between Ita lievlngCOJlSI deraply the }>fessure on the. handles. n he er d r i n n sp ng ! bottom and the ore on which it Is opl'ratlng, so that ,the DRAFT-EQUALIZER. - JOBlll � SlllT.H, Parker, .. f::ea::y :; i����!e b:! �; :: 'l:p�� mattress, the frame of the latter being transversely . ore Is w sh nnderne tb b be atet In tbe mo r. q1Ul zer compriseS a ·mliin lever hav- segmental guard projects boril« mtally forward be tween I ivoted near the center. The movement thus rendered a ed. a y- t w rta S. D. This draft-e li The metal crushed and washed. ont of the ore is gathered arm o i g onll' e . .fulcrum ; a the members of the frame and in front of the eye. The possible permits a depressio l of the head and trunk ing a long pr ject n on sid of Its l mercury In the box with the mercury. y .to . the ftrst ladJp-body resta in a socket on the lower portion of the In cases of narcosis, or elevation to a semi.sittlng post- second compounding· lever arran� closel VARIABLE.SPEED. GEAR. - LANG, Brns- ged bead fnlcmmed behind frame. ure. When the patient is swung to an upright position, EBNsT and provided with an enl ar In A e BUTTON. - HENBY HlBSCHBAClI, a downward sliding ts prevented by a seatboard placed , sels, Bel�nm. The gear Is of that class which there Is the ftrst·named lever. link connecta this lever imm · Manhattan, New ttresse of the between the hair and woveu- wlre ma s. To provided an expanding pulley wbose dlametet can be dlately behind its fulcrum wltb tbe outer end York city. The button consists essentially of a bead O�.II are. at ed to he end o i u the seat-board two foot·p ieces are attached, eacb gradually varied. rotary disk levers pivoted. m ain lev�r.arm. A �raft-lever IS' �cb , t f and a shank made in two sect o s pivoted together. \8 a n on e the u working Independently and eo adjusted that one or provided with belt-engaging devices and m�ans for torn- the rear or compoundmg-lever and tT8 ged t� Tbe pivoted section Is forced i nto garment a d mat� e er from Its r t l both of the lower limbs may be placed at any desired In� tbe levers to move the belt-engaldng devices toward o pposite side of tbe fnlcrnm of the l l' swung . Into a ight-sngular posi ion relative y to the m axis tion Is distinctive in Its BI�plicl . helgbt without regard to the position of the trunk. or fro the of the dis\!:. long end. The Inven tY: other section, to prevent the withdrawal of the button. _ are by A longitudinal central slot In the hair-mattress per- AXLE. WILLIAlII C" DALZELL, Egremont, Mass. The sections locked In t heir relative positions a sprin -jaws. mits the introduction of bed-pan . . The bed Is for- Railway Contrlvancea. The Inveu tlon reIatP-s particulitrly to /lX1!Ml ' for vehicles g L. bars LOCK. - HElIIBY KELLOGG, S tevens Point, Wis. ther'supplled with latetal, revolving, side or shafts JOINT FOR PORTABLE RAILWAY S.-ALPHONSE In whlcb tbe wheel-spindle sWlnlnl on die /lXle, as in Th e lock ' and door-knob. The to wbich broad bands may be attached. The bands a'ltomobiles; and the object Is to provide movable 'lu&rd- is Inv ntion Is a combined H. AILLOUD, Merida, Mex. This jolut for portable rail- tI parts, are to be paI!8ed beneath tbe patient to raise him in meta. lb esnngs . with :sI mp Ie me�U8 for a.dJue' ui; . th e lock: hos very few thus reducing the cost. of i ecrease ' ways s desi'"'ed to d tbe amount 9f material u' . sed nfa ture and is not l to get out of order order to facilitate chanl!e of bedding. With tbls bed.frac.. "- beal'ings 88 they become worn. ,Tbe means iu qn.ei!tion rpan c . ikely . In each section without, bowever, diminishing ' the '.s cuttin . tures followed by long confinement may be treated. With cons of a king-bolt which serveS as a pivO$ for The lock easily placed I n a door, merely by g a to ist merely strength of the structnre, and at the �ame time rednce 9n mor se in the wood. the seat. board in position, the bed may be readily con- the s pindle; and a uut' wbich ' screws the bolt ' aud ti the cost and price of workmansblp to tbe manufacturer LUCINDA A. WOLFE, verted into an npholstered chaIr form and the patient re- serves to take up the wear. The adjustment call be QIDLTING-FRAME. - Webb without prejudice to the qualit of the pr ct e made City, CI88S lieved of the strain of a long-eontlnued Iylng postnre. The y odn . � without reinovlng the wheels or spindles. Mo. The qullting-fmme Is of that whlcb are improved joint has all the merits of the so-called "by- simplicity of tbis bed's construction and the ease of oper- adapted for self· support upon the Ooor and for lateraL brid " joint with n9ne of ita defectlo, and is adaptsble to 88 atlon earned for it a medal ai the Paris Exposition, al- adjustment fur taking up a quilt the sewing pro- c es, switches, crossing , -plates, d ot r rail . Mis cellaneou s Inve ntio ns. In thougb 'I t had not been the invento�'s intention to com- urv s turn an he gresses. this inveJ)tion means are provided for ild- accessories. . pete for any prize. _ CLAWSON, . justing tbe parte on w hlcb the side or quiltlng-carrying SEAL-LOcK.-HENBY GHaVER, LETTER-SHEET. SPEl'fCEB Salt Lake M. Walllngford,'Vt. bars are su o and for Bdapting tbe principsl parts City, Utah. The Inventor hilS provided a letter-sheet pp rted. • '1'he seal-lock ' comprillPS a .keeper engaglld 'by a latch ...... "'"•• � a' of to be from one another, so ....gr I eo It ora I I mpI emen t a. and envelop SO combined' n."t a leI' "'ay be.wri·tten· n' d the apparatus detacbed 'p' rovidM with a seal-rerelvlng 'depreaslon: A bolt looks - t .·�. e .v.e n oa8. tbat theymay be pscked or lltored ln small space. HAY RAKE.- JAllES H . H E , AIl ceI , 0 re Th' S the sh..,tconvenlently severed from b.. n lo...'. ,s to UGH S . o I tbe latch lind keeper tol(Ctber, the seaf being held i:n HOSE-COUPLING.-RUFUS Is be placed therein. the object b8IDg·�to, ··pro'JJ;i9te eon- WU-LIAlls,Walla Wa lla, horse hay-rake SO constructed that the leeth can be ade place by the keeper ' Rnd .the ·.latch en�g with its �� . . justed to or from the ground and hpld normally from the . I nnaa e e ock: venletoce In the cond uct of extenslve" llii$� Wash. In this device the coupling-collars may be re - ripbe t is Im ible to pick or op u th J pe ry .....- ,,��- vilill. l::;;;'��, t!l. : .. g alln rougb ed· m 0f _ .... . spondenre, and es"""; ·lIy In.c.· onnection . ":1,,- i ""'ro-" cally used-that is, either can be screwed on the r d tb the m 10 a tew.. on · deVl' ce con- wlth n Orst seal.. o t breaking the . . ' . . . . ':c· · the necled.by a lever with the head of the rake. ; Whim the. . work. . fen:nle of other abutting section of hose -so tl1ll.t . UT-LOCK.-�ON. D. be . N �. DOWELL and LAWHBNCE STER.-EnGAB G. t er ise lost . tn �electlng ,the right collar will lever Is not in engagement with a rack provided to hold DIGE MUBm, SaDdy Hill, N:"i tiliie'o h w M. GALLmER. Mmeola, rox. The loc� consists of a flat sav , Is especially deslrabl? at a tlre or on other it in certain positIous the tension devlce ·wUl sustain tbe Wood,pulp digesters u�ed in making paper have. been � . ,,!hlch base plate �avlng an a rm ex tending froin oile corner, occaiIionti rake· head in an nppe� position. Mr. Hnghes has made made with l Iulngs of cement extOOding in au nnbroken when quick attachments ate necessary. otlset to a dIfferent plan�. bent over with a gradual curve, RANK J. ADAlIIS, and sold a number of his machines. The Invention has layer. By rea.onof tbelr expansion and 'conn-aetioD, ',PROJECTING A PARATUS. - F to P • and returned the base-plate upon the opposIte side City. proven a practical success I snch linings readily crack. The essential feature of the Manhattan, New York Mr. Adllms has bit npon from which it started. The construction gives elastic BAND-CUT'l'ER FEEDER. -,- W C. present invention lies In the building of the dlgester- the novel Idea of employing both Incandescent and arc A ND ALlI'BBD t to spring to he notcbed arm; a dapts It DUts of cllifer-. •. ..boo"TEBSON, B 0 b sbell with butt-straps having Inwardlv projected por� lIuhta" In his app' ara . tus, with the result tbat he pecnres Go neva, N e. b y means f thl s d evi ce, t e eut sizes, and reduces the cost of mannfacture. the good feed of the cylinder and concave are automatically gnv- tiona, at sides of wblcb the cement lining Is placed definition in the projected picture, and obtains a In separate and independent sections, the butt straps' ppr- mellow light. The highly-mumlnated object in tbe rear erned and are of snch character as to render it Impossible Vehicles and Their Acceasorles. e THE ANTARCTIC REGIONS. Dr. Karl C, . 658.888 By Distilling apparatus. wood, W, Billinger...... Fricker, London : Swan Sonnen or METAL ggg� :ioiies::::::::·::::::.:::: schein C mpan 01'��:��: lfQl�d���}�f<.- P. ��:?� & o y, Limited. New Door window· ventila.tor. Abrahamson ...... 008.930 Marine Iron Works. Uhicago. Catalogue free. The Macmillan Company, OODWor�e rs ""'� r t; : : : York : Without Steam Power g�g!: �rg�. �r: :l� l����.��:::::::::::::::·::: : ::. � :� .. U. S." Metal Polish. lndiauapolis. Samples free. 1900. 8vo. Pp. 292, Illustrated, should use our Foot and Hand Power iI r�;ol�n�:::·.:::::::::::::::::'.::: .• Machinery.W Send for Catalogues g�:�: ����. �: �: �:m Yankee Notions. Waterbury Hutton Co 'V aterb·y. Ct. Price $3. Drawmg roll clearer. \V. K Keach ...... 658.918 A-Wood·working Machinery. in ro M:c(i�e� .922 Inventions developed and perfected. Designing'and the B-Lathef'>, etc. r U · �r - E: 008 .• HI Y. At the present time Antarctic cxploration dividcs g�����;; ��t\�, :ic�· p��i��� f . macbine work. Garvin Machine Co Yurick St., N. field of intere.t with Arctic exploration. The fact that r 'Ol� Iiock·driii.·········· 659. 54 OB SENECA fALLS MfG. CO. Dn i1� ·iiee·Coai 'rock ·<:iiil·!.'· 1 'rhe celebrated " Hornsby-Akroyd" Patent Safety extreme i" well 695 · J. the South not at ali known lends more Water St,. Seneca falls, N, V. Dum� waiLers. means for operating, \V.Kin- Engine is built by the De IJaVergne Refrigerating- Ma· ordinary interest to the A ca of than subject. number of ex ·e : chine Company. Foot East 13Sth Street, New York. peditions to dh�cover, Dust ��·I l ci�i·:·ii: Danvii&l.:::::::::: ::::: : : :::�::::: 65b�:t-'g 8�17 'I' e n are now on their w�y if possible. AMERICAN PATENTI:5, -AN lNTER- Dye. blue tflSa.:r.O.J. Israel Kothe..... b best book for electricians and beginners elec So h Pole. The reada ble is e�tiI1g ann valuable table showing the number of oateuts Egg carton, H. Batchelder...... :::::::::::::· ti58'00u. i the ut book is very and ad granted tor the various subjects upon wbicb petitions .b:lec�tric conductors, crossing for suspended. i tricity is " Experimental Scieuce." by Geo. M. Honk ins. illustrated, d I & .• N. Y. mirably have been flIed from the SCJbeginninlZEN'l'IFlC down to December�UP E e�tl�� clirreiii ' By mail. $4. Munn Co publishers. 361 BrOadway: 31. 1Sfl4. Cc.ntained in AMERJCAN regi1 �iio�: 'j):\\ iatk·i·n. s::::::::::.:. �}8 8I(�� PLEMF:NT, No. 1002. 10. '1'0 �Ilectric g-enerator,L. G. Woolley ...... 65 . 21 IT' Send for new and complete ca.talog-ueof SCient.itlc Price cents. be bad at Electric switch. N. D. Rand...... 65S !lZ5 and other Books for sale by Munn & Co.• 361 Broadway, this Officeand froru all newsdealers. �lectrical fitting. 'V . fJ.'. Prmgle ...... :: 658;924 New York. Ii'reeon application. INDEX 0 ..... INVENTIONS Elect�odemlcbae aud...... electrode...... connection...... H. Car- 658 891 �levaLor safetyl device. W. LeSSing ...... :: ti58:S53 For which Letters Patent of the �� na�eliJlg table for bath tubs. E. Dithrid�e ...... 658,833 ElIg'lJle. See Gas ellg-me. Gasolene en ....ine. rn- United States were Issued ternal C01l?bustion engil1e. Rot-ari engine. Stearn ell(!lIle. fJ.�ractionengine. for the Week Ending ngr�ving machine, E. S. Woods ...... 658.820 � C g l ioa 6t�.926 E��:��� iIlL�: �; ��e�i�g. !\;g d in'� ·b�iia8t· u'pon OCTOBER 2, It rall�ay cars. machine for. A. lJ.'orrey ...... 6.5\1.008 1900, l t 658,802 THE WATERBURY E���lll��g�� ��I:J�· ��· t;!�tor·. ················ ··· ·· IIIN'l'S '1'0 CORRESPONDENTS. C B I i x 658.748 AND E A H EAR N G T HAT D ATE. l S la�l;c:· ··························· NaIne .. and Add.'es .. must accompany all letter. Emery Grinder, :!g�ig.S $�e CZV��: l no attentIOn re This i� (i endel'. See Car fellder. or will be paid the to. for our [See note at end of list about copies of these patents.] witb adjustable table. for· flatfor surface · I l grindmg and flnisbing, and ordi er i �������.��i. �� ��� �� 659.158 KefcrclJ{"information.es and not for publicaLion. too1 � to former articles or answers nary grinding. If t�� .� . . .. ���������.&l��� ..�: .. should ar .. S jor Ci.nt/lars. 1[�lter bag or strainer, 'l'akamine Hitch ...... 659.041 Ot· f q sti Ady'�rtiser and station indicator, railway. L. H. ut Ii J. Inquiriese:ivedate of otpaper and pm�e reasonnumbableer otimeue shouldon. Ilter l?eds. mealls for cleaning granular. n answered in �lln!TI.ons ...... " .. ' .. ti5S,960658,8(J.I BLAKE JOHNSON , correspondents wiJl in • & V cierks: A(lverL1�lng motor vehicle. A. Ii', Randall. .. · ' o be repeated; bear mind that P. 1t��n��� ��t�c·bme,it f i: VC:a \v:n ;i'� ·Dav·ie·s& .::: �:i��OOS.WU some require httle research, Alarm. See L{ailway track,J. C. alarm 65�)'{)() O. BOX 7, �!rearm barrel attachmenL. \ shi gton Capy. li5S. 4 answerswe endcavor not a letterand, Allllunciator. thermo, J. 8L8pbun ...... 2 H. 8 2 H. , ...... 05SJf,n W TERBURY, CO . Ii�.�re escape. q.1:1. Harris...... tbough department, to reply to all eitherturn. by Aquatic cour::le. N. Ridgway.... 5 A NN Ockers . W...... 6 8.iS2 Ire escape. ..\-\T...... ()5�.093 oryers in tbis each must take his Auger cu�ter. '1\ Kellog� F lushillg apparalllS. J. Berry ...... 65&.751 Un wishjng- to pnrchase alty article not advertisEd h l : See in addresses � �ig�:geU�'a�'p�;a�c�� �� I�V: AYI�es:::::::::::::::: � THE EUREKA ��r�m.e. PbotograN. &phic \V. prinLing frame. \! 11 our colnmns will be furnished with of 1>68.808�sn . H. . H. CLIP FflC;tlon bmke. F. F. II:. Wbitcomb...... 65 5 houses manufactul'in.! or carrying the same. Automob!le'motor wbeel, If. \.y.Simmons ...... ti5U.162 �rllit picklllg macbine. Allen ...... 659,197 SI)ecial 'V ritten Infol'luation on .i:,"uLomobllestearn mOLor, 'Yaterman ... . 'llbe wost useful article ever invented .I; matters of Bag. ::5eell �ilLer bag. tor the purpose. Indispensable to Law- unlace. . See Bake furnace. Heating furnace. 1.'-' . 65S.!Wi Insur- Hot U1r furnace. perl50nal T'�the-r thun general interest cannot be Bag fastener. tl'aveling. B. Uu Buis ...... yers. F.ditors, Student.s, Bankers. �·t�·�VJ�l���i��il:::::::::::::::::: ��'l�t expectEd Without remuneration. .. l i om e u S� ��l�' ' Sclcntilic A.nel'icau Su pplement referred �:�� ?�l���C�: �: }� ���Pkl·ebil,�; :.·::··:::::::�:::::: ��:�� ��1Wy� lo6� �1l���e� �ri(� p<�:� ���g��:: i;. gage. ::::�:::: to \0 cents each. 87 Does not llutllate the paper. Qall be Gag-e. See Carpenter's may.. be had at the ollice.m Price Bale band tightener. Ii'. Splettstosser ...... 058. 5 e e It 1 qarbage tank. sanitary. M. \Vheeler ...... 658.811 Book referred to pro ptly supplied on receipt of In� ite ...... 659.116 1·� i� g�� �1 11·1 6go������� Garbage wagon, Lippy & \V illilII lS ...... 65\).174 ���. s��e:l��cil�·b�� � � ;cra�rcf�:�s Gas apparatus. aceLylene. J. H. Calkinsl ...... 658.82£\ IU iuprice.e.'al .. distincUy Battery. See Secondary battery. and l}otion den.lers.or by m�!iI on receipt H...... f158.900 ofp card, b¥mml,free. l\lan- a ked sent for examination should be Battery flmd. i{omanelli nce. SampleConsohdated Safety r �ar u act ed by 1 1 m or labeled. Hattery cover. P. P. Nungesser...... 658.8tJO Pmf. (,0�· .. Bloomfiel Vehicle, ice or snow, L. Olson ...... Vebicle, mo(.Or,C. A. Lieb ...... 65865:),078,861 Vehicle. spring motor, W. 'Veiner...... U 18 Vehicle wheel. S. �weeney ...... 658.87965 . H Veloci�ede br(Jke.Dring & Mitchelmore ...... 65\J.1a8 VelOCipede clriviug g�ar, H. Hirst...... •... 658.S!)(; Velocipede saddle, Day\V...... 65U,OM olfers the greate3t opportunities tur ad Ventilator. See DoorK J.or window ventilator. vancement Lo·day. We can teach auy one . . at bome by mail to rg�g �l� . . : ::: : :::::: �:iM NEW PLATES THROUGHOUT �OWaj.wn;!!�� box ��upporl.� �t:·�. Warren I�:& ::Smi::::thson : : ...: ...... : 65S.U04 Becolue an Elecu'ical Engineer e . 658. Now Added 25,000 NEW WORDS, Phrases, Etc. or to learn Electric Rail ways, g:'U�ei��� �O�' The)Ou{h's CoFor Seventy·fivempan Years an Inspiring Influence ionin the Home. More Pleasant than ISSUED EVE�Y THU�SDAY. SUBSCRIPTION, $1.75 A YEAR. DriYou shouldvi ownng a a Horse. HAYNES·APPERSON Comfortable Safetg AUTOMOBilE. Ne w Subscription Offe r These flneautumn Is the paramount days will pass swiftly feeling wben en by if you 1\.re joyiI:!g a speedy fo r 1901. ride In a ��pleasure�F��'! ����;car WINTON riages. S I yonI' bOl'sesc I MOTOR who subscribe before November 1st, sending $1.75 with and stop peuse. A CARRIAGE DHOSEthis slip or the name of this publication, will receive the nine automobil e It is easily opera costs you noth- . ted find controlled November and December numbers of The Companion Free, and lng when not in use. Gasoline system. powerful.eng1l1es, even by a novice. strong construction. perfect control. Prospec�ve' -buy then the weekly issues of the paper to January I, 1 . This ers, send for our descriptive matter. Iluinedlate de No A ents �S �r �re�tdu�a�l 52 902 livery. No agents. Price 81,000. g . t e � offer includes the gift of The Companion's " Puritan Girl really the moat economical machine on tge market. .. Calen. THE HAYNES·APPERSUN CO" • KOKOMO, INDIANA. Clean, nOiseless, always reliable. Hydro-Carbon system. dar for 1901 souvenir of - a rare and lasting beauty. THE WINTON MOTOR CARR IAGE CO., Cleveland, Ohio. F121 • Eastern Department, 120 Broadway, New York City. to Full Announcement of Contributors and Contributions engaged for the AUTOMOBILE PATENTS new volume wilt be sent Free to any address with sample copy of the areCrack unsi�htly and unclean.s GRIPPIN'SFloors paper containing Sousa's article, "Some Experiences of a Bandmaster." e d t EXPLOITATION COMPANY. l:�t�����:i;�:nc:,�U��;��\� �: Y. I UNnERTAKES :-Tbe manufacture of Automobiles and :r'ilotor rious shades, and is tough, elas Cycles. The examination of Automobile patents. To enlist capital tic, adbesive aDd nOD i i Th e Youth's Companion, ••• Boston, Mass. shrinkahle. Makes tioors }��r li�lsli!£1S���;:ci����t ��s. make thoro�lgh examillati?l�s of dirt, cold, R.nd vermin patents. Experts to test motors ,and a\ltol�lolHles. Opportllllltw� to i lIlventors to prt'st!nt properly their prOposItIOns to concerns wIlhng r��{ag::�l :b��l $� � to considt>rllnd to undertake the same. ro u a r P U JUJU ASES :-All meritorious patents, licenses and inventions ¥:�t. �'go�fe� : � rt!lntinj!'to motor-cycles, motors, gears, automobiles and tht>ir parts. ADD LtESSr e f. B. HYDE, Secretary. 21 \V nuuJU St., .Ncw York. GRIPPIN MFG. CO., Lock Box L, BLU ESTO N E NEWARK, NF:W YOltK Watches ! Watches ! Remit by Express or Post Office Money Order.) If you wisb to see the latest thing in RESSURE PACKING CHARTERNY ENGINE Ladies' Watches, :v A�yL AbENE send for � THE BLUE BOOK. Water � �!�¥.�� Excellence FOR AN PURPOS and Quality WorkmanshI Y E Or if you are interested in !lI en's Ail'. forJE SSOP'Sin STEELand F p. NEW YORK rf�,!! FU�L-Gasoline, Gas, Distillate Watches, 8end for OFFICE, 91 JOHN STREET. Stalionaries, Portables, Engines and Packs equal USED THE RED BOOK. ly well for all. Pumps. Hoislers We will be glad to. send eitber or both 'l'hereisn o fr ee. i � State Your Power Needs of these attractive books, fg�r ;fil�:�te CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO., Box 148, STERLING, ILL. THE NEW ENGLAND WA'l'CH CO" as long or 37 Maiden Lane, 149 State Street, withstand as Earn While T well the ac New York, � Chicago, Ill. tion of steam Spreckels Building, San Fraucisco, Cal. heat. Learning Instrum�ntsfor ARCHI of TECTS,Pr�ti ENGl.Sion Gutta Percha & Rubber Mfg. Co.. 130 Duane St •• N. Y. NEERS and SURVEYORS. Your Chosen We are manufacturers of Absolutely �eliZl.ble Always Profession LeveIS' . Young men aDd women looking for employ ment should send for our free circular. Transits, "Support Yourself While Learning a 'Pro � a fession." You can become lUechanical Surveying Engineer, Electrician, Architect. 200,000 students and graduates. Establi'hed Compasses. II 1891. Cap ital $1.500,000. 'llhrough many years experience we have so improved emington r y a h r INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS �g b�Ut)j: ��!t :a Je� ew: =u������:�� Typewriter Box 942, Scranton, __ _ curacy and workmanship.\������:�t:, �_. iI'ii"" Write jor owr lavishly illustrated catalogue. STANDS THE TEST OF CONSTANT SE�VICE KEUFFEL & ESSER CO., Fulton St.,N ew or 127 Y k Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict that tellJl an .bout MagIc LaR. BRANCH ES : Broadwav, New York 260 tern8 and Stereopticons-bow to 111 CHICAGO. LOUIS. 327 operate them-how much they oost Madison St., 708 Locust st., ST. PAC E 10wesL BOOK ;:�:: All varieties at prices. Best Railroad McALLISTER':� .fr.�:��:������ Optld.u, 49�: }:eae� St•• N. Y. k n k s Do You Know there is NONE Nassau lJ:g lc& �s��fO�rt?�le��Oi; cl���A� sa1��: EQUAL Sewing �lachines, Bicycles, Tools. etc. Savo to FR EE ";<:ALE· is obtained from " Witte ALL STEEL NAIL NIPPERS. Money.� a � ListsS Free. CHICAGO Co., ChlCago. Ill. Gasoline Engine. It is S I economical, d u r a b 1 e, is AX OLDS TilE IUGII'l' SIIAPE AND MAnE 1'41 USE. sold right and guaran For lifting and �. OK.UNSTOOLS 5 Gasoline Engine S'Il "CYCLES teed for years. Write Cutting Ingrown or _ _ BY _PREYIII C. U MAIINae.'.N for catalogue Heavy Nails, They � WITTE IRON WORKS CO. $25.00 Have No Equal. pays for this, and thousands are made �- happy hy our address. No. 400. like cut,4!J4 Inches Long. P ice Cents with Leatber Case. OlDS MOTOR WORKS, DETROIT, MICH. r . '15 . lIIan;.cure G o"" rr- Send jor Catalogue of other o . Emil Forquignon Mfg. Co .. 836 Broadway, New York. p Slilokeless puto Asbesto " WOLVERINE" Gas and Gasoline Engines "PERFECT BRAND" STATIONARY and MARINE. Metallic "\¥oIverine" isthe only reversible Asphalt Ready Roofing. Marinis eGas Engine on the market. 'l'he most durable and lIlatiG Fuel Stokel .• It the lightest engine for its ��"'� AU. �_ .. "'�. � power. Requires no licensed en strongest gravel surfacon SHEETING, GASKETS, TAPE and PISTONPacki PACngsKINGS. gineer. .Absolutelysafe. Mfd. by ed ready rooftn� the that is economical. clean. self-feeding and which saves WOLVERINE MOTOR WORKS, market, reqUIres no � ''ViIIstand the big-best pressure for either steam or painting', and is' cheap boilers and grates. while increasin the steam produc Wr ite samples and pr·ice list. lIuroJl Street, f) tion. It bas long beell sought by !pill-owners and ste�m hydraulic work. ;.r for 12 and tasting, Any n e ship companies. 'l'be uEing of Boft coal has been decrIed . Grand Rapids, Mich. can lay it over boards, on both land and water on account of the di:';Lcaused by C. IV.TR.lnKl( MilO. CO., (Est 1874), 88 I'earl St . Boston, U. S. A. tin or sbingles. is now A lso a full line of our one, two and three ply Asphalt tbe black smoke. rrhis wholly avolded by the and Coal '11ar R OtiDl!B. new and thoroughly tested machine known as O Write for pricesIWOFING and particulars'DEI'AR'l'MENT, to The Ideal THE CORK FLOOR AND TILE CO. . BRAKE.R 139 Congress Street, BOSTON, MASS. Smokeless Coal Pulverizer -,.- -i; .· WCOASTE MORFITSR ANYO CYCLE. I 00,000 IN USE and Fuel Feeder ADDS PLEASURE AND SAFETY- ALL DEALERS SELL THEM. which pulverizes and feeds the coal under coniLitio't}-s oj complete COl1tbustion. It furnishes intense and sustaIned RIDE 50 MILES-PEDAL ONLY beat without tile least danger. 'rue SEND FOR BOOKl�.ET. 35. ECLIPSE MANUFACTURING C?, EL��AXN.Y. heat can be regulated at will, just Uke a gas jet. No cost when not In use. Great saving of mat.erial and labor. 'l'.here are no chokers or half·burnt coal possible by this pro· cess. Even the ashes be· come an al most impal. Dupliphone pable powder A talking machine playing both small and Jarge records. Combines which is easi C£h e two macbines in one. ly drawn o away when ES , _ necessary. PRIV {f>h�������i�eDupl �.pb IlC . -. :11:&& The Ilreatest money and Jabor saving The Dupliphone Attachment Can to any Columbia Graphophone, machine19th of be instantly applied the cen· A. '1'. Grapbophone, or Home Phonograph. By using it, o Concert �R f'!�� or Grand Records can be perfectly operated, and torit':!nes and on running of small records not interfered with. Graphophone Dupllphone Attachment $16.00 all steam· .. .. boats. Can be attached to any boiler without cost or Phonograph 16.00 change In boiler accessorle•. IllustTaled Catalogues mailed on application. ana d=-oo.ft��'t� 1;:J !tt:{�Uon . prius HAWTHORNE & SHEBlE MFG. CO., Incorporated. 297 Rroadway,;N. Y. Cit , 604 Chestnut St., Phila. •• v THE IDEAL FUEL-FEEDER CO Horns, Horn Stands, Cabinets and Talking Machines, Supplies. 164 Montague Street, BROOKLYN, N. Y.