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www.YoYoBrain.com - Accelerators for Memory and Learning Questions for Power and Spectacle Midterm

Category: terms - (91 questions) Aztlán "place of the white heron"(mythic homeland of ancestors) Nahuatl a group of related languages of the Nahuan (Aztecan) language family of Central Mexico [still spoken by 1.5 million people in Mexico today] Moctezuma 9th century Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, ruling c. 1480-1520 Hernán Cortés Spanish conquistador, arrived in Mexico 1519 Tenochtitlan Aztec capital city/ "place of prickly pear cactus" Lake Texcoco site where capital city is located, natural lake formation in the Valley of Mexico Temple Mayor Great Temple/ main religious structure and ceremonial center Coatepec "snake hill"- mythic place Teotihuacan "Birthplace of the Gods" (archaeological site 25 miles NE of Tenochtitlan) Chicomoztoc legendary site of Aztecs, origin of 7 caves Chichimecs "people of the dog lineage" / term for nomadic peoples who inhabited Northern Mexico Huitzilopochtli "humming bird south"/ god of war, sun god, patron deity of Tenochtitlan Tlaloc god of rain, fertility ad water [depicted with goggle eyes and fangs] Coatlicue "serpent skirt"/ goddess that gave birth to the moon, stars Coyolxauhqui "she of the bells"/ maternal earth deity and daughter of Coatlicue Urbs classical roman concept of a city; walled towns Urbs classical roman concept of a city; walled towns Civitas Classical [Roman] concept of a city; a body of people congregating together to live in the same place, under the same laws Policía "harmonious co-existence"; Referred to polis , in its public and political aspects. For 16th century it signified life in a community whose citizens were organized into a republic. It implied subordination of the individual desires for those of the community. Gridiron Grid plan, especially of streets Plaza A public square or similar open space in a built-up area Reduction Concept of bringing scattered villages together and compressing them into urban centers. This was to "reduce" the threat of revolts. Mudéjar: Arab craftsman working for Xians; A style of Iberian architecture and decoration of the 12th-16th c., strongly influenced by Moorish taste and workmanship. Convivencia: "Co-existence"/ "Reconciliation" of Jews, Muslims and Christians within Medieval Iberian society mosque a Muslim place of worship Mesquita Spanish word for mosque Islam ["submission" or "unconditional surrender"] name of religion and description of relationship between humans and god. Muslim Arabic "one who submits of god"/ A follower of the religion of Islam Muhammad The Arab prophet through whom the Qur'an was revealed and the religion of Islam established. Moors Originally, a native inhabitant of ancient , a region of North corresponding to parts of present-day Morocco and Algeria. Later: a member of a Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent inhabiting north-western Africa, who in the 8th c. conquered . Al-Andalus Arabic for : "Spania" or "Land of " Qur'an [Koran]: The sacred book of the Muslims, consisting of revelations orally delivered at intervals by Muhammad, and collected in writing after his death. Mecca Holy city [birthplace of Muhammad] Minaret A tall tower or turret connected with a mosque and surrounded by one or more projecting balconies from which a muezzin calls at hours of prayer Qibla The point (the temple at Mecca) to which Muslims turn at prayer. Mihrab A niche (or recession) in the wall of a mosque indicating the direction of Mecca, towards which Muslim worshippers must face in prayer. Mozarabic Christians working in Islamic techniques and styles Artesonado intricately carved wooden ceilingsCarved stucco aniconic Applied to simple material symbols of a deity, as a pillar or block, not shaped into an image of human form Alcazar palace Córdoba Great Mosque: Umayyad period [8th-11th c.] Alhambra: Nasrid period [13th-14th c.] spanish chronology 1469-1516: The Catholic Monarchs: Ferdinand and Isabelle (d. 1516) (d. 1504) 1492 ; Voyage of Columbus 1516-56 Charles V (b. 1500) 1519-21 Conquest of Mexico 1556-98 &n Escorial Phillip II, 1563-1584, Toledo and Herrera, St. Lawrence, El Greco [Domenikos Theotokopolous]: Crete (part of Venetian Republic)Venice 1540/41-1614 (capital of Venetian Republic)Spain (primarily Toledo) from 1577 Mannerism : period of European art emerging from the High Italian Renaissance of 1520, and lasting through c. 1580. Reaction to harmonious ideals and restrained naturalism of Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael and Michelangelo El Greco artworks: c. 1577: Disrobing of Christ [El Espolio]; Martyrdom of St. Maurice1586-88: Burial of Count Orgaz, Church of Sto. Tomé, Toledo; View of Toledo; Trinityc. 1610: Agony in the Garden; Laocoön; View and Plan of Toledo [beginning of "citiviews"] El Greco Influences: Venice: Titian & TintorettoRome: MichelangeloPrints of Albrecht Dürer (Germany)Council of Trent [Tridentine Edicts]Counter ReformationAltarpiece (retablo): "behind table/ altar" Mappae mundi (mappamundi): T-O maps theocentric centering on God as the primary concern anthropocentric regarding humans as the central element of the universe Claudius Ptolemy (2nd c. AD/ Greek geography, cartography, topography mathematician, astronomer, geographer): Geographia geography (world) large representation of a region, in more general terms chorography more detailed representation of a smaller region- often views of cityscapes, implies movement, intended to show character of city topography local detals and descriptions with individual places, even more specific from chorography Relaciones Geográficas, Codex Mendoza Aztec Codex, c. 1553, created @ 20 years after the Spanish Conquest of Mexico, with the intent to seen by Charles V [now in the collection at Oxford University] Codez Mendoza ptolemaic world map, 1466, "Geography" Petrus Apianus, Geographia and Chorographia, engraving, 1533 "Mappamundi" from Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493 Map of Chalula Hybridized Cartography: Map of Texupa, 1579 Map of Teozacoalco, 1580 El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopolous),View of Toledo, oil/canvas, 1600 El Greco, Adoration of the Shepherds,oil/canvas, c. 1574-75 El Greco, Disrobing of Christ [El Espolio],oil on canvas, ca. 1577-79, Cathedral of Toledo El Greco, Burial of Count Orgasz,oil/canvas, 1586-88, Church of Santo Tomé, Toledo El Greco, Agony in the Garden,oil on canvas, 1590-95 El Greco, Laocoön, oil on canvas, c. 1612-14 El Greco, View and Plan of Toledo,oil on canvas, c. 1610, Casa del Greco, Toledo Pre-Columbian Pictorial Manuscript, Codex Feyervary-Mayer, 15th c.,Frontispiece: Cosmogram,Note: 4 quadrants of horizontal universe Colonial Pictorial Manuscript,Codex Durán, 16th c.,Founding of Tenochtitlan Coyolxauqui scupture coatlique sculpture Aztec, Tenochtitlan, Templo Mayor,Skull rack, 15th c.[located at the foot of the stairs of the Twin Temple] Colonial Masnuscript Painting,Codex Telleriano-Remensis, 16th c.[female sacrifice] Aztec, Tenochtitlan,Templo Mayor, Temple Stone, 15th c. sun stone reconstruction Aztec, Sun Stone,12 ft. diameter, commissioned by Moctezuma II, 1502-1520, [excavated 1790] Royal Palace or "Alcazár"in , Spain, 12th c.,Example of mudéjar architecture Islamic Spain, Aerial view of Great Mosque of Córdoba, 8th-11th c. patio of the oranges patio of the oranges Alhambra, Palace,Islamic, 13-14th c. reflecting pool at Alhambra palace Colonial Painter in New Spain, Cristóbal de Colonial Painter in New Spain, Cristóbal de Villalpando,View of the Plaza Mayor, o/c, c. Villalpando,View of the Plaza Mayor, o/c, c. 1695 1695 View of Florence with a Chain, c. 1470, woodcutNote: highlights architectural elements (walls, churches, palaces,) most emblematic of the virtues of the citizens of Florence,the chain may represents the "chain of law" that united Florence as a community View of Florence with a Chain, c. 1470, woodcutNote: highlights architectural elements (walls, churches, palaces,) most emblematic of the virtues of the citizens of Florence,the chain may represents the "chain of law" that united Florence as a community Colonial Pictorial Manuscript,Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, [Cave scene], 16th c