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The Ames Foundation THE AMES FOUNDATION FOUNDED IN 1910 BY CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE FRIENDS OF JAMES BARR AMES FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONTINUING THE ADVANCEMENT OF LEGAL KNOWLEDGE AND AIDING THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE LAW PUBLICATIONS OF THE AMES FOUNDATION (A complete list of the publications of the Ames Foundation, all of which are in print, will be found at http://amesfoundation.law.harvard.edu/.) VOLUMES PUBLISHED UNDER THE GENERAL EDITORSHIP OF SAMUEL E. THORNE. 1975. YEAR BOOKS OF RICHARD II: 2 RICHARD II. Edited by Morris S. Arnold, Associate Professor of Law in Indiana University (Bloomington). (Cambridge, Mass.: The Ames Foundation, Harvard Law School.) 1987. YEAR BOOKS OF RICHARD II: 8–10 RICHARD II. Edited by the late L. C. Hector and Michael E. Hager, of the Massachusetts Bar. (Cambridge, Mass.: The Ames Foundation, Harvard Law School.) 1989. YEAR BOOKS OF RICHARD 11: 7 RICHARD II. Edited by Maurice J. Holland, Dean of the Oregon University School of Law. (Cambridge, Mass.: The Ames Foundation, Harvard Law School.) VOLUMES PUBLISHED UNDER THE LITERARY DIRECTORSHIP OF CHARLES DONAHUE, JR. 1996. YEAR BOOKS OF RICHARD II: 6 RICHARD II. Edited by the late Samuel E. Thorne, Charles Stebbins Fairchild Professor of Legal History Emeritus in Harvard University, in collaboration with Michael E. Hager, of the Massachusetts Bar, and Margaret MacVeagh Thorne, of the American School of Classical Studies (Athens), with a Commentary upon the Cases by Charles Donahue, Jr., Paul A. Freund Professor of Law in Harvard University. (Cambridge, Mass.: The Ames Foundation, Harvard Law School.) 1998. LEX MERCATORIA AND LEGAL PLURALISM: A LATE THIRTEENTH- CENTURY TREATISE AND ITS AFTERLIFE. Edited by Mary Elizabeth Basile, of the Massachusetts Bar; Jane Fair Bestor, Research Associate in Brandeis University; Daniel R. Coquillette, J. Donald Monan University Professor in Boston College, and Charles Donahue, Jr., Paul A. Freund Professor of Law in Harvard University. (Cambridge, Mass.: The Ames Foundation, Harvard Law School.) 2011. THE COMMON AND PIEPOWDER COURTS OF SOUTHAMPTON, 1426– 1483. Edited by Tom Olding, private scholar of Southampton England, with an introduction by the editor and Penny Tucker, private scholar of Tavistock England (Cambridge, Mass: The Ames Foundation Harvard Law School) (published in conjunction with the Southampton Records Series) 2014. THE SPOILS OF THE POPE AND THE PIRATES, 1357: THE COMPLETE LEGAL DOSSIER FROM THE VATICAN ARCHIVES. Edited by Daniel Williman, Professor of Latin and History Emeritus, Binghamton University, and Karen Ann Corsano, private scholar of Cambridge, Massachusetts (Cambridge, Mass.: The Ames Foundation, Harvard Law School.) 2014. THE REGISTER OF THE OFFICIAL OF THE BISHOP OF ELY: 21 MARCH 1374 – 28 FEBRUARY 1382. Edited by Marcia Stentz, formerly archivist of the Hudson’s Bay Company, and Charles Donahue, Jr., Paul A. Freund Professor of Law in Harvard University. (Cambridge, Mass.: The Ames Foundation, Harvard Law School.) The famous walls of Avignon were built from funds derived from a salt-tax that was instituted as a partial result of the settlement achieved in this case (Introduction, p. xvi). Photo courtesy of Virtual Tourist (last visited 10.xii.2013). iv Thibaud de Castillon Bishop of Lisboa and Merchant of Montpellier as caricatured by A Scribe of his Pontificale and A Clerk of his Accounts in BAV Borghese ms. 11, fol. 48v and ASV Collectoriae 275, fol. 81r True copies by Karen Corsano Electronic editing by Joanne Corsano <sp> Harvard Law School LITERARY DIRECTIOR: CHARLES DONAHUE, JR. THE SPOILS OF THE POPE AND THE PIRATES, 1357: THE COMPLETE LEGAL DOSSIER FROM THE VATICAN ARCHIVES EDITED FOR THE AMES FOUNDATION BY DANIEL WILLIMAN PROFESSOR OF LATIN AND HISTORY EMERITUS BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY AND KAREN ANN CORSANO PRIVATE SCHOLAR, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS THE AMES FOUNDATION 2014 In affectionate memory of our teacher, the Reverend Professor Leonard Boyle, O.P. Copyright © 2014 The Ames Foundation Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication Data The spoils of the Pope and the pirates, 1357 : the complete legal dossier from the Vatican Archives / edited for the Ames Foundation by Daniel Williman and Karen Ann Corsano. -- [Cambridge, MA] : Ames Foundation, 2014. p. ; cm. (Publications of the Ames Foundation) ISBN: 978-1-941232-01-9 (cloth) ; 978-1-941232-00-2 (PDF) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Text in Latin; preface, introduction and summaries in English. Summary: The work edited here tells a remarkable story about papal treasure and pirates. Over the course of almost fifty years, the editors have pieced together from the vast archive of the Avignonese papacy fifty-four documents that tell the story and provide remarkable insights into how the most extensive of medieval bureaucracies worked. The documents are edited in full in Latin, accompanied by English summaries. The editors have provided a brief introduction that tells the story more fully and gives guidance as to the many types of money that appear in the documents and to the different series of Vatican archives that they have used. There is a biblio- graphy, an extensive index of persons and places, an index of topics, and a glossary. The work will be of interest to students of the medieval papacy, to students of medieval commerce and money, to students of the medieval Mediterranean society and language, and to anyone who likes to piece together a good story from bureaucratic documents.--Publisher. 1. Papacy--History--1309-1378. 2. Papacy--History--1309-1378--Sources. 3. Catholic Church--Government--History--14th century. 4. Catholic Church--Finance--History--14th century. 5. Church history--Middle Ages, 600-1500. 6. Pirates--History--14th century. 7. Civilization, Medieval--Economic aspects. I. Williman, Daniel. II. Corsano, Karen. III. Ames Foundation. IV. Series. BX300 .S66 2014 2014934095 282/.09023--dc23 1404 This volume is printed on acid-free paper by William S. Hein & Co., Inc. Buffalo, New York PREFACE vii PREFACE ▬▬▬▬ This volume continues the Ames Foundation’s series of volumes independent of the Year Books of Richard II.1 Since the Year Book series is virtually complete, we hope to publish more works along the lines of this volume. The work edited here tells a remarkable story. Pursuant to a quite mysterious provision of canon law,2 vast amounts of treasure were seized by collectors of the papal Camera at Avignon from the estate of a worldly bishop of Lisboa after his death in 1356. Much of the treasure was shipped through the Strait of Gibraltar and captured by pirates. One of the pirate ships was wrecked near Montpellier, some of the treasure recovered, the pirate crew summarily executed, and the pirate officers sent off to the papal prison at Avignon, whence they were ultimately released after making composition with the Camera. Hollywood could use this story. But Hollywood does not know anything about it, because it is buried in the documents edited here. Over the course of almost fifty years, the editors have pieced together from the vast archive of the Avignonese papacy fifty-four documents that tell the story. Most of these documents, as one might expect of documents associated with the Camera, are accounts and inventories. In them we can trace the activities on a daily basis of the papal collectors and learn about the stunning amount of ‘stuff’ that the worldly bishop left behind him at his death. Scattered throughout the inventories of goods are lists of manuscripts.3 A network of mercantile transactions can be traced as agents of the bishop admit to what they owe or argue that they are owed more than they owe.4 Pieces of the story can be filled in from papal letters and other official letters, and, when used with caution, three sets of depositions.5 The documents not only tell this story, they also provide 1 The series is represented most recently by 2 See Williman, Right of Spoil. Tom Olding’s The Common and Piepowder 3 Documents II.B.5 (4), II.B.6, II.B.9 (4), Courts of Southampton, 1426–1483, which we III.A.2, IV.D.1. published in conjunction with the Southampton 4 Documents III generally. Records Series and for which we posted the images of the manuscripts online. An online 5 Document I.A.3, I.A.6, I.B.1, II.A.1, III.A.1, edition is planned. IV.C.1, IV.C.2, IV.D.3 (papal letters); III.B.2, IV.A.1, IV.D.2.E (depositions). PREFACE viii remarkable insights into how the most extensive of medieval bureaucracies worked. When the editors first approached the Ames Foundation, we quickly agreed that online publication in the form of an ‘e-book’ was what was called for. The use of web publication in PDF has allowed us to create a volume with all the layout and apparatus of a traditional Ames volume while saving the cost of printing, paper, and binding. We have left the size of the pages the same as those of previous Ames volumes to allow printing and binding of a traditional Ames volume by ‘print on demand’. The PDF online (which is one large file so that the hyperlinks will work) can conveniently be printed in one volume. Bound paper copies in traditional Ames format may be obtained from W. S. Hein & Co., at the address indicated on our website. The editors work as a team and largely on their own. The contribution of the undersigned has consisted in formatting the results and in helping the editors to present the vast amount of information contained in these documents. To this end, they prepared the extensive Index of Persons and Places and the Index of Topics. The latter provided the backbone of the Glossary with which the volume closes. CHARLES DONAHUE, JR. HARVARD LAW SCHOOL CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS CONTENTS ix CONTENTS Frontispiece .........................................................................................................
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