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Home , Congress of Paraguay, Council of Oman, Federal National Council, Parliament of Algeria, Parliament of Burundi, Parliament of Fiji

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51466-8 - The Handbook of National Legislatures: A Global Survey M. Steven Fish and Matthew Kroenig Table of Contents More information

CONTENTS

1 Introduction ...... page 1 Conventional Categories of Constitutional Systems 2 The Legislative Powers Survey 3 The Survey Items 4 The Parliamentary Powers Index 13 The Use of Constitutions 15 Use of the Data 16 Debts and Acknowledgments 16

2 Country Studies ...... 18 National Assembly of Afghanistan 18 Assembly of Albania 22 Parliament of Algeria 27 National Assembly of Angola 31 Argentine National Congress 36 Armenian National Assembly 40 Parliament of Australia 44 Austrian Parliament 48 Parliament of Azerbaijan 52 National Assembly of Bahrain 56 Bangladesh Parliament 61 National Assembly of Belarus 65 Federal Parliament of Belgium 70 National Assembly of Benin 74 National Assembly of Bhutan 78 Bolivian National Congress 81 Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina 86 National Assembly of Botswana 89 National Congress of Brazil 94 National Assembly of Bulgaria 98 National Assembly of Burkina Faso 103 Parliament of Burundi 107 National Assembly of Cambodia 112 National Assembly of Cameroon 117 Parliament of Canada 121 National Assembly of the Central African Republic 125 National Assembly of Chad 130 Congress of Chile 135 Chinese National People’s Congress 140 Congress of Colombia 144 Assembly of Comoros 150 Parliament of Congo-Brazzaville (Republic of Congo) 155 National Assembly of Congo-Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo) 159 Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica 165

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-51466-8 - The Handbook of National Legislatures: A Global Survey M. Steven Fish and Matthew Kroenig Table of Contents More information

vi Contents

National Assembly of Coteˆ d’Ivoire 169 Parliament of Croatia 173 National Assembly of People’s Power of Cuba 178 House of Representatives of Cyprus 182 Parliament of the Czech Republic 187 Parliament of Denmark 191 National Congress of the Dominican Republic 195 National Congress of Ecuador 199 People’s Assembly of Egypt 205 Legislative Assembly of El Salvador 210 National Assembly of Eritrea 214 Parliament of Estonia 218 Parliament of Ethiopia 224 Parliament of Fiji 229 Parliament of Finland 235 Parliament of France 240 Parliament of Gabon 245 National Assembly of The Gambia 250 Supreme Council of Georgia 255 Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany 261 Parliament of Ghana 266 Parliament of Greece 272 Congress of Guatemala 278 National Assembly of Guinea 283 National People’s Assembly of Guinea-Bissau 287 National Assembly of Guyana 292 National Assembly of Haiti 297 National Congress of Honduras 301 National Assembly of Hungary 305 Parliament of India 311 House of Representatives of Indonesia 316 Islamic Consultative Assembly of the Islamic Republic of Iran 320 Council of Representatives of Iraq 325 Parliament of Ireland 330 Parliament of Israel 334 Parliament of Italy 338 Parliament of Jamaica 343 National Diet of Japan 348 National Assembly of Jordan 353 Parliament of Kazakhstan 357 National Assembly of Kenya 362 Supreme People’s Assembly of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) 366 National Assembly of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) 370 National Assembly of Kuwait 374 Legislative Assembly of Kyrgyzstan 379 National Assembly of Laos 384 Parliament of Latvia 388 National Assembly of Lebanon 392 Parliament of Lesotho 397 National Assembly of Liberia 402 General People’s Congress of Libya 406 Parliament of Lithuania 409 Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia 414 National Assembly of Madagascar 418

Contents vii

National Assembly of Malawi 423 Parliament of Malaysia 428 National Assembly of Mali 432 Parliament of Mauritania 436 National Assembly of Mauritius 441 Mexican Congress 447 Parliament of Moldova 451 Great State Assembly of Mongolia 456 Parliament of Morocco 460 Assembly of Mozambique 465 People’s Assembly of Myanmar (Burma) 469 National Assembly of Namibia 470 Parliament of Nepal 475 States-General of the Netherlands 481 Parliament of New Zealand 484 National Assembly of Nicaragua 487 National Assembly of Niger 491 National Assembly of Nigeria 495 Parliament of Norway 501 Council of Oman 505 Parliament of Pakistan 508 National Assembly of Panama 514 National Parliament of Papua New Guinea 519 Congress of Paraguay 524 Congress of Peru 529 Congress of the Philippines 534 Parliament of Poland 539 Assembly of Portugal 545 Consultative Council of Qatar 550 Parliament of Romania 554 Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation 560 Parliament of Rwanda 565 Consultative Council of Saudi Arabia 570 National Assembly of Senegal 574 National Assembly of Serbia 578 Parliament of Sierra Leone 584 Parliament of Singapore 590 National Council of the Slovak Republic 595 Parliament of Slovenia 600 Transitional Federal Assembly of Somalia 604 Parliament of South Africa 605 The General Courts of Spain 610 Parliament of Sri Lanka 616 National Legislature of Sudan 621 Parliament of Swaziland 626 Parliament of Sweden 631 Federal Assembly of Switzerland 636 People’s Assembly of Syria 640 Legislative Yuan of Taiwan, Republic of China 644 Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan 648 National Assembly of Tanzania 652 National Assembly of Thailand 659 National Parliament of Timor-Leste 666 National Assembly of Togo 671 Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago 676

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National Parliament of Tunisia 681 Turkish Grand National Assembly 685 People’s Council of Turkmenistan 692 National Assembly of Uganda 696 Supreme Council of Ukraine 702 Federal National Council of the United Arab Emirates 708 Parliament of the United Kingdom 713 Congress of the United States of America 716 Uruguayan General Assembly 720 Supreme Assembly of Uzbekistan 725 National Assembly of Venezuela 729 National Assembly of Vietnam 734 Parliament of Yemen 739 National Assembly of Zambia 744 Parliament of Zimbabwe 748

3 Comprehensive Lists of Country Scores ...... 754 Parliamentary Powers Index Scores by Country, in Alphabetical Order 754 Parliamentary Powers Index Scores by Country, in Order of Scores 756

4 List of Expert Consultants ...... 758

Select Bibliography 765

Index 797