DOCSLIB.ORG

UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Heterogeneous and multiphase chemistry of reactive nitrogen oxides in the marine boundary layer Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zd857fz Author Ryder, Olivia Sharmelle Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Heterogeneous and multiphase chemistry of reactive nitrogen oxides in the marine boundary layer A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry by Olivia Sharmelle Ryder Committee in charge: Professor Timothy Bertram, Chair Professor Lihini Aluwihare Professor Meinrat Andreae Professor Patricia Jennings Professor Francesco Paesani Professor Michael Tauber 2015 Copyright Olivia Sharmelle Ryder, 2015 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Olivia Sharmelle Ryder is approved, and is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2015 iii DEDICATION To my parents- thank you for your love, sacrifices, and for always believing in me. iv EPIGRAPH If research was easy, everyone would be doing it -B. J. Finlayson-Pitts v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page.................................................................................................................................iii Dedication........................................................................................................................................iv Epigraph...........................................................................................................................................v Table of Contents............................................................................................................................vi List of Figures.................................................................................................................................ix List of Tables.................................................................................................................................xii Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................................xiii Vita................................................................................................................................................xvi Abstract of The Dissertation........................................................................................................xviii Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 The Role of N2O5 in the Atmosphere ......................................................................... 2 1.2 N2O5 Hydrolysis ......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 The Reactive Uptake Probability, (N2O5) ................................................................. 4 1.4 Particle Chemical Composition and N2O5 Reactive Uptake ....................................... 5 1.4.1 The Effect of Chemical Composition of Ambient Particles: Field Measurements of (N2O5) ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.4.2 Uptake to Inorganic Salts: Laboratory Studies ........................................................... 6 1.4.3 The Impact of Particulate Organics: Laboratory Studies ............................................ 6 1.4.4 Laboratory and Field Measurement Agreement ......................................................... 7 1.5 Product Formation Following N2O5 Reaction on Chloride-Containing Surfaces ....... 8 1.5.1 Ambient Measurements of ClNO2 and (ClNO2) ...................................................... 9 1.6 Summary and Remaining Areas to Address ............................................................. 10 1.7 Synopsis of Chapters ................................................................................................ 12 1.8 References ................................................................................................................ 13 Chapter 2 On The Role of Particle Inorganic Mixing State in The Reactive Uptake of N2O5 to Ambient Aerosol Particles .................................................................................... 17 2.1 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 17 2.2.1 Factors Controlling the Reactive Uptake of N2O5 to Aerosol Particles .................... 18 vi 2.2.2 Single Particle Chloride-to-Nitrate Mixing State in The Polluted Marine Boundary Layer ......................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................. 21 2.4 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................. 22 2.4.1 Impact of Particulate Chloride-to-Nitrate Mixing State on (N2O5) ......................... 22 2.4.2 Observation-Based Constraints on the Impact of Chloride-to-Nitrate Particle Mixing State on (N2O5) ........................................................................................... 26 2.5 Insight from Single Particle Measurements of Reacted Sea Spray Aerosol ............. 31 2.6 Atmospheric Implications ......................................................................................... 34 2.7 Acknowledgements................................................................................................... 35 2.8 Supporting Information ............................................................................................ 35 2.8.1 Sampling Locations and Details ............................................................................... 35 2.8.2 Measurements ........................................................................................................... 37 2.8.3 Calculations and Interpretations ............................................................................... 40 2.9 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................... 48 2.10 References ................................................................................................................ 48 Chapter 3 On the Role of Organic Surfactants and Coatings in Regulating N2O5 Reactive Uptake to Sea Spray Aerosol .................................................................................... 53 3.1 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 53 3.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 54 3.3 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................. 57 3.3.1 N2O5 Generation and Detection ................................................................................ 57 3.3.2 Sea Spray Aerosol Generation and Duty Cycle ........................................................ 58 3.3.3 Molecular Mimics for a Synthetic Phytoplankton Bloom ........................................ 60 3.4 Wave Channel Generated Sea Spray ........................................................................ 63 3.5 Seawater and Sea Spray Aerosol Characterization ................................................... 64 3.5.1 Aerosol Particle Characterization ............................................................................. 64 3.5.2 Water Characterization ............................................................................................. 66 3.6 (N2O5) Determinations ............................................................................................ 66 3.7 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................. 70 3.7.1 Aerosol Organic Volume Fraction ............................................................................ 70 3.7.2 Organic Addition ESffect on (N2O5) ....................................................................... 72 3.8 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 76 3.9 Acknowledgements................................................................................................... 77 3.10 References ................................................................................................................ 77 Chapter 4 On the Role of Organics in Regulating ClNO2 Production at the Air-Sea Interface 83 vii 4.1 Abstract ....................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ADVERTIMENT. L'accés Als Continguts D'aquesta Tesi Doctoral I La Seva Utilització Ha De Respectar Els Drets De La Persona Autora
    ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral.
    [Show full text]
  • James Lovelock's Gaia Hypothesis
    James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis: ”A New Look at Life on Earth” ... for the Life and the Earth sciences Sébastien Dutreuil To cite this version: Sébastien Dutreuil. James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis: ”A New Look at Life on Earth” ... for the Life and the Earth sciences. Dreamers, Visionaries, and Revolutionaries in the Life Sciences, pp.272-287, 2018, 9780226569901. hal-01863320 HAL Id: hal-01863320 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01863320 Submitted on 28 Aug 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis: "A New Look at Life on Earth" ... for the Life and the Earth sciences. Sébastien Dutreuil James Lovelock (b. 1919) was described by the curators of an exhibition at London’s Science Museum in 2014 as a "scientist, inventor and maverick."1 He was clearly an eclectic inventor from the very beginning of his career as a research engineer in the 1940’s. He was an accomplished scientist before formulating the Gaia hypothesis in the 1970’s, with pioneering work in analytical chemistry, biochemistry and cryobiology. He was perhaps a maverick, when he quit academia in 1964, at age 45 to settle as an "independent scientist." But the Gaia hypothesis, his major accomplishment, is that of a dreamer.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Multi-Model Estimates of the Fire Emissions from the Fire Modeling
    Historical (1700–2012) global multi-model estimates of the fire emissions from the Fire Modeling Intercomparison Project (FireMIP) Fang Li, Maria Val Martin, Meinrat Andreae, Almut Arneth, Stijn Hantson, Johannes Kaiser, Gitta Lasslop, Chao Yue, Dominique Bachelet, Matthew Forrest, et al. To cite this version: Fang Li, Maria Val Martin, Meinrat Andreae, Almut Arneth, Stijn Hantson, et al.. Historical (1700– 2012) global multi-model estimates of the fire emissions from the Fire Modeling Intercomparison Project (FireMIP). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, European Geosciences Union, 2019, 19 (19), pp.12545-12567. 10.5194/acp-19-12545-2019. hal-02975096 HAL Id: hal-02975096 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02975096 Submitted on 26 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12545–12567, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12545-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Historical (1700–2012) global multi-model estimates of the fire emissions from the Fire Modeling Intercomparison Project (FireMIP) Fang Li1, Maria Val Martin2, Meinrat O. Andreae3,4, Almut Arneth5, Stijn Hantson6,5, Johannes W.
    [Show full text]
  • Atmospheric Exchange of Reduced Sulfur Compounds in Natural Ecosystems By
    Terrestrial-Atmospheric Exchange of Reduced Sulfur Compounds in Natural Ecosystems By Mary Elizabeth Whelan A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Robert C. Rhew, Chair Professor Kurt Cuffey Professor Allen Goldstein Professor Ron Amundsen Fall 2013 Abstract Terrestrial-Atmospheric Exchange of Reduced Sulfur Compounds in Natural Ecosystems by Mary Elizabeth Whelan Doctor of Philosophy in Geography University of California, Berkeley Professor Robert C. Rhew, Chair The sulfur biogeochemical cycle includes biotic and abiotic processes important to global climate, atmospheric chemistry, food security, and the study of related cycles. The largest flux of sulfur on Earth is weathering from the continents into the sulfate-rich oceans; one way in which sulfur can be returned to land is through transport of reduced sulfur gases via the atmosphere. Here I developed a method for quantifying low-level environmental fluxes of several sulfur-containing gases, H2S, COS, CH3SCH3 (DMS), and HSCH3, between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. COS is the most prevalent reduced sulfur gas in the atmosphere, considered to be inert in the troposphere except for its uptake in plant leaves and to a smaller extent aerobic soils. This dissertation reports two surprising cases that go against conventional thinking about the sulfur cycle. We found that the common salt marsh plant Batis maritima can mediate net COS production to the atmosphere. We also found that an aerobic wheat field soil produces COS abiotically when incubated in the dark at > 25 °C and at lower temperatures under light conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ocean in a Changing World Contents
    No. 73, April 2009 The Global Change NewsLetter is the quarterly newsletter of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). IGBP is a programme of global change research, sponsored by the International Council for Science. Compliant with Nordic www.igbp.net Ecolabelling criteria. The Ocean in a Changing World Contents Oceanic Projects and Programmes IGBP and big observational campaigns..............................4 SOLAS and Cape Verde scientists establish an atmosphere and ocean observatory off North West Africa...................6 GLOBEC: ten years of research.........................................9 Three IMBER imbizo workshops on ecological and biogeochemical interactions......................12 New developments in marine ecosystem research: recommendations for IMBER II........................................14 Global change and the coastal zone: c urrent LOICZ science activities.....................................16 Working groups of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)........................18 The Ocean in a High-CO2 World: The Second Symposium on Ocean Acidification...........22 Science highlights from the symposium Reef development in a high-CO2 world................................................................24 High vulnerability of eastern boundary upwelling systems ..................................25 Changes in the carbonate system of the global oceans........................................25 Salmon pHishing in the North Pacific Ocean........................................................26
    [Show full text]
  • Trabalhos Publicados - Prof
    List of publications and Curriculum Vitae Prof. Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Paulo Artaxo made his undergraduate studies in Physics at the University of São Paulo and got his PhD in Environmental Physics at USP in 1985. At his Pos Doc he worked at the University of Antwerp, Belgium, University of Lund and Stockholm, Sweden, NASA Goddard and at the University of Harvard. Since 1995, he is one of the leaders of the LBA (The Large-Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia) Experiment. He coordinated several large international experiments such as ABLE-2A and 2B, TRACE-A, SCAR-B, SMOCC, CLAIRE 98, CLAIRE2001, EUSTACH, AMAZE, GoAmazon2014/15 among many others. He has a strong international role in fostering scientific growth in developing countries, being a member of the scientific steering committees of several IGBP core projects such as IGAC, iLEAPS, BIBEX, DEBITS and was General Secretary of the CACGP. He was a member of the IPCC group that analyzed the global effects of aviation on climate and also the IPCC geoengineering task force. He was director of the global change program of the Latin American CYTED Institute from 2004 to 2007. He was a lead author of the IPCC Working Group 1 for AR4 (Chapter 2 - Radiative forcing), AR5 (Chapter 7 – Aerosols and clouds), and is working on AR6 (Chapter 6). He is also working on the IPCC SRCCL – Special Report on Climate Change and Land.
    [Show full text]
  • Science Council Working Group on Large-Scale Facilities for Fundamental Scientific Research
    August 31, 2001 Science Council Working Group on Large-Scale Facilities for Fundamental Scientific Research Sub-working group for HALO Questionnaire concerning project HALO High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft - 2 - Application by Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG). This Questionnaire has been answered by the team of HALO project scientists and members of the DLR Flight Facilities. Points of Contact: Prof. Dr. Meinrat O. Andreae and Prof. Dr. Jos Lelieveld Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie Postfach 3060 55020 Mainz Email: [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Dr. Ulrich Schumann, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen Postfach 1116 82230 Wessling, Tel 08153 28 2520, Fax: -1841 Email: [email protected] Dr. Helmut Ziereis Project Leader HALO Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Oberpfaffenhofen Postfach 1116 82230 Wessling, Tel. 08153 28 2542, Fax: -1841 Email: [email protected] Volkert Harbers and Dr. Monika Krautstrunk Flight Facilities of DLR Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Oberpfaffenhofen Postfach 1116 82230 Wessling Email: [email protected] [email protected] - 3 - A Executive summary Please provide a brief summary of the facility project (scientific vision, strategic im- portance, scientific objectives and purpose, max. two pages). Physical, chemical and biological processes within the atmosphere and at the Earth’s sur- face maintain the conditions necessary for life on Earth. In the past decades, we have ob- served important changes in climate and in the composition of the atmosphere, which are expected to affect the well-being of humankind and the biosphere.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Change Research in Germany 2008
    German National Committee On Global Change Research Global Change Research in Germany 2008 NKGCF Imprint Published by German National Committee on Global Change Research (NKGCF) Department of Geography Luisenstraße 37 D - 80333 Munich phone ++49 (0) 89 21 80 65 92 fax ++49 (0) 89 21 80 99 65 92 [email protected] | www.nkgcf.org © German National Committee on Global Change Research (NKGCF), March 2008 ISBN 978-3-9808099-5-5 Image credits (front cover): J. Browning, ioFoto.com, A. Gulzar, J. Gutt, S. Knight, F. Kraas, H. Lehmannova, J. McIntosh, G. Niewiadomski, R. Schuster, O. von Straaten, M. Thyssen, S. Wunderlich Concept and Editorial Work Bettina Höll Wolfram Mauser Jutta Bachmann (linguistic editing) » www.jbachmann-consulting.com « Authors and Contributors Joseph Alcamo Norbert Jürgens Jochem Marotzke Meinrat Andreae Johannes Karte Wolfram Mauser Mariam Akhtar-Schuster Elisabeth Kalko Michael Schulz Dietrich Borchardt Martin Kaltschmitt Ralf Seppelt Ulrich Callies Gernot Klepper Peter-Tobias Stoll Wolfgang Cramer Stefan Klotz Georg Teutsch Christoph Görg Frauke Kraas Paul Vlek Bernd Hansjürgens Hartwig Kremer Gerold Wefer Martin Heimann Stefan Kroll Wolfgang Weisser Gisela Helbig Jos Lelieveld Hans von Storch Daniela Jacob Peter Lemke Steffen Zacharias Layout Scientific Secretariat of NKGCF (K. Schmid) Production DRUCK PUNKT Munich » www.druck-punkt.com « Editorial Note The selection of introduced projects and programmes represent and exemplify German research activities on Global Change. Please note that several more projects and programmes in Germany address Global Change research. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for the printing of this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Oceanic Projects and Programmes
    Oceanic Projects and Programmes ship time, this is no guarantee IGBP and big that any of its participants will be funded. This makes it difficult to observational campaigns assure that even the most critical B. Huebert observations can be made. The VOCALS programme (Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere- Land Study, under the aegis of How successful have IGBP proj- off, leaving just (very good) the Variability of the American ects been at bringing together studies of atmospheric sulphur Monsoon Systems) is an excel- international groups to do chemistry. The cross-disciplinary lent example. This is a study observation programmes that linkages rarely appeal to disci- in the South East Pacific of no one nation could manage? pline-oriented reviewers and linkages between ocean heat International collaboration on programme managers. budgets and mixing, upwelled big programmes certainly helps Projects from both the IGBP nutrients, marine biota, aero- bring more people into the and the World Climate Research sols, clouds, and radiative enterprise and has unequivocal Programme (WCRP) make plans transfer. It could have been benefits for scientists in coun- for observations by groups from the ideal IGBP/WCRP collab- tries that lack the resources to many countries. Unfortunately, orative programme (initiated by create their own Science Plan, one can never be sure in advance CLIVAR – Climate Variability but are the overarching goals which of these groups will be and Predictability), in which all achieved? Certainly the devel- funded to participate, so imple- the related programmes (the opment of stationary facili- mentation plans can’t include WCRP working group on surface ties (Mace Head, Large-scale strategies that depend on having fluxes, and the IGBP projects: Biosphere Atmosphere Experi- any one group or platform.
    [Show full text]
  • Science Plan and Implementation Strategy International Geosphere
    IGBP Report 55 International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Science Plan and Implementation Strategy Citation This report should be cited as follows: IGBP (2006) Science Plan and Implementation Strategy. IGBP Report No. 55. IGBP Secretariat, Stockholm. 76pp. Front Cover Illustration The cover illustration is a depiction of the Earth System, highlighting the complexities of and cross-scale interactions between the different elements of the system. The structure of the illustration mirrors the programme structure of IGBP, which is built around the Earth System compartments of land, atmosphere and ocean, the interfaces between these compartments, and system-wide integration. At the centre of the illustration is the Earth – reflecting the IGBP focus on the Earth System – with a superimposed grid indicating the importance of Earth System modelling. The illustra- tion emphasises the importance of physical, chemical and biological processes from the molecular to the global scale. Evidence of human activities is apparent in each Earth System compartment, reflecting the growing focus of IGBP and research partners on the coupled human-environment system. The illustration was commissioned by IGBP to help communicate IGBP science and to strengthen visual integration across IGBP products. Publication Details Published by: ISSN 0284-8105 IGBP Secretariat Copyright © 2006 Box 50005 SE-104 05, Stockholm, SWEDEN Copies of this report can be downloaded from the Ph: +46 8 166448 IGBP website and hard copies can be ordered from Fax: +46 8 166405 the IGBP
    [Show full text]
  • Australia's Climate Research Is Far
    The Hon. Malcolm Turnbull, MP, Prime Minister of Australia The Hon. Christopher Pyne, MP, Science Minister Senator the Hon. Simon Birmingham, Education Minister The Hon. Greg Hunt, MP, Environment Minister The Hon. Bill Shorten, MP, Opposition leader of Australia Senator the Hon. Kim Carr, Shadow Science Minister The Hon. Kate Ellis, MP, Shadow Education Minister The Hon. Mark Butler, MP, Shadow Environment Minister Senator the Hon. Richard DiNatale, Greens Leader The Hon. Adam Bandt, MP, Greens Science Spokesperson Senator the Hon. Robert Simms, Greens Education Spokesperson Senator the Hon. Larissa Waters, Greens Environment Spokesperson Parliament House Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia Mr David Thodey, Board Chairman, CSIRO Dr Eileen Doyle, Acting Chairman, CSIRO Dr Larry Marshall, Chief Executive Officer, CSIRO Mr Hutch Ranck, Board Member, CSIRO Ms Shirley In’t Veld, Board Member, CSIRO Dr Peter Riddles, Board Member, CSIRO Mr Brian Watson, Board Member, CSIRO Prof Edwina Cornish, Board Member, CSIRO CSIRO Head Office Dickson, ACT, 2602, Australia Thursday, 11th February 2016 An open letter to the Australian Government and CSIRO RE: Australia’s Climate Research Is Far From Done Dear Representatives of the Australian public and appointees to the CSIRO Board, The recent announcement of devastating cuts to the Australian CSIRO’s Oceans and Atmosphere research program has alarmed the global climate research community1. The decision to decimate a vibrant and world- leading research program shows a lack of insight, and a misunderstanding of the importance of the depth and significance of Australian contributions to global and regional climate research. The capacity of Australia to assess future risks and plan for climate change adaptation crucially depends on maintaining and augmenting this research capacity.
    [Show full text]
  • Ice Nucleation: Sulfate and Its Influence in Arctic and Rural and Urban NW Continental Precipitation
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2019-08-20 Ice Nucleation: Sulfate and Its Influence in Arctic and Rural and Urban NW Continental Precipitation Derksen, Mark Derksen, M. (2019). Ice Nucleation: Sulfate and Its Influence in Arctic and Rural and Urban NW Continental Precipitation (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/110824 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Ice Nucleation: Sulfate and Its Influence in Arctic and Rural and Urban NW Continental Precipitation by Mark Derksen A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FUFULMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY CALGARY, ALBERTA AUGUST, 2019 © Mark Derksen 2019 Abstract With the growth of urban centers and decline of natural ecosystems, the increasing presence of aerosol particles has the potential to have major impacts on climate. This study assessed the ice nucleation characteristics of anthropogenic and organic/biogenic sulfate sources in precipitation samples from the Arctic, Kananaskis (rural continental), and Calgary (Urban continental). Samples were analyzed using droplet freezing technique, isotopic analysis, and anion/cation measurements. Comparisons between deposition-based precipitation sampler and passive fog/rain sampler yielded no significant differences in ice nucleation characteristics.
    [Show full text]