Larus hyperboreus (Glaucous Gull)

European Red List of Birds

Supplementary Material

The European Union (EU27) Red List assessments were based principally on the official data reported by EU Member States to the European Commission under Article 12 of the Birds Directive in 2013-14. For the European Red List assessments, similar data were sourced from BirdLife Partners and other collaborating experts in other European countries and territories. For more information, see BirdLife International (2015).

Contents Reported national population sizes and trends p. 2 Trend maps of reported national population data p. 4 Sources of reported national population data p. 7 Species factsheet bibliography p. 8

Recommended citation BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

Further information http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/info/euroredlist http://www.birdlife.org/europe-and-central-asia/european-red-list-birds-0 http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/europe http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/species/redlist/

Data requests and feedback To request access to these data in electronic format, provide new information, correct any errors or provide feedback, please email [email protected].

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Larus hyperboreus (Glaucous Gull)

Table 1. Reported national breeding population size and trends in Europe1. Country (or Population estimate Short-term population trend4 Long-term population trend4 Subspecific population (where relevant) 2 territory) Size (pairs)3 Europe (%) Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality DK: Greenland 30,000-100,000 70 2000-2012 poor 0 0 2000-2012 poor 0 0 1980-2012 poor Iceland 10,000-15,000 16 1990 poor - 30-50 2005-2007 poor - 30-50 1980-2007 poor NO: Svalbard 4,000-10,000 8 2001-2013 poor ? ? Russia 2,500-10,000 6 2000-2012 poor ? ? EU27 0 <1 n/a Europe 46,500-135,000 100 Stable 1 See 'Sources' at end of factsheet, and for more details on individual EU Member State reports, see the Article 12 reporting portal at http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/article12/report. 2 The designation of geographical entities and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 3 In the few cases where population size estimates were reported in units other than those specified, they were converted to the correct units using standard correction factors. 4 The robustness of regional trends to the effects of any missing or incomplete data was tested using plausible scenarios, based on other sources of information, including any other reported information, recent national Red Lists, scientific literature, other publications and consultation with relevant experts. 5 Trend directions are reported as: increasing (+); decreasing (-); stable (0); fluctuating (F); or unknown (?). 6 Trend magnitudes are rounded to the nearest integer.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Larus hyperboreus (Glaucous Gull)

Table 2. Reported national wintering population sizes and trends in Europe1. Note that some countries within the species' wintering range did not report any data, and that only minimum totals are presented, to avoid double-counting of birds moving between countries. Country (or Population estimate Short-term population trend4 Long-term population trend4 Subspecific population (where relevant) 2 territory) Size (individuals)3 Europe (%) Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality DK: Faroe Is 30-200 <1 1992 medium ? ? DK: Greenland 300,000-500,000 100 2000-2012 poor 0 0 2000-2012 poor 0 0 1980-2012 poor Iceland Present <1 2012 ? ? EU27 0 <1 n/a Europe 300,000-500,000 100 Stable 1 See 'Sources' at end of factsheet, and for more details on individual EU Member State reports, see the Article 12 reporting portal at http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/article12/report. 2 The designation of geographical entities and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 3 In the few cases where population size estimates were reported in units other than those specified, they were converted to the correct units using standard correction factors. 4 The robustness of regional trends to the effects of any missing or incomplete data was tested using plausible scenarios, based on other sources of information, including any other reported information, recent national Red Lists, scientific literature, other publications and consultation with relevant experts. 5 Trend directions are reported as: increasing (+); decreasing (-); stable (0); fluctuating (F); or unknown (?). 6 Trend magnitudes are rounded to the nearest integer.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Trend maps

A symbol appears in each country where the species occurs: the shape and colour of the symbol represent the population trend in that country, and the size of the symbol corresponds to the proportion of the European population occurring in that country.

KEY

Ç Large increase (≥50%) È Large decrease (≥50%) Ç Moderate increase (20–49%) È Moderate decrease (20–49%) Ç Small increase (<20%) È Small decrease (<20%) ñ Increase of unknown magnitude ò Decrease of unknown magnitude

å Stable or fluctuating 0 Unknown ¢ Present (no population or trend data) Ð Extinct since 1980

Each symbol, with the exception of Present and Extinct, may occur in up to three different size classes, corresponding to the proportion of the European population occurring in that country. ñ Large: ≥10% of the European population ñ Medium: 1–9% of the European population ñ Small: <1% of the European population

The designation of geographical entities and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Figure 1. Breeding population sizes and short-term trends across Europe.

Figure 2. Breeding population sizes and long-term trends across Europe.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Figure 3. Reported wintering population sizes and short-term trends across Europe. Note that some countries within the species' wintering range did not report any data.

Figure 4. Reported wintering population sizes and long-term trends across Europe. Note that some countries within the species' wintering range did not report any data.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Larus hyperboreus (Glaucous Gull)

Sources

DK: Faroe Is Winter population size: BirdLife International 2004 DK: Greenland Breeding population size: Boertmann, D., Lyngs, P., Merkel, F. & Mosbech A. 2004: The significance of Southwest Greenland as winter quarters for seabirds. – Bird Conservation International 14: 87-112. Boertmann, D., Mosbech, A., Merkel, F.R. 2006. The importance of Southwest Greenland for wintering seabirds. – British Birds 99: 282-298. Breeding short-term trend: Boertmann, D., Mosbech, A., Bjerrum, M., Labansen, A.L. & Merkel F. 2010. The Greenland seabird colony register. – Poster ved 1st Seabird World Conference, Victoria 7-11 Sept. 2010. Breeding long-term trend: Boertmann, D., Mosbech, A., Bjerrum, M., Labansen, A.L. & Merkel F. 2010. The Greenland seabird colony register. – Poster ved 1st Seabird World Conference, Victoria 7-11 Sept. 2010. Winter population size: Boertmann, D., Lyngs, P., Merkel, F. & Mosbech A. 2004: The significance of Southwest Greenland as winter quarters for seabirds. – Bird Conservation International 14: 87-112. Boertmann, D., Mosbech, A., Merkel, F.R. 2006. The importance of Southwest Greenland for wintering seabirds. – British Birds 99: 282-298. Winter short-term trend: Boertmann, D., Mosbech, A., Bjerrum, M., Labansen, A.L. & Merkel F. 2010. The Greenland seabird colony register. – Poster ved 1st Seabird World Conference, Victoria 7-11 Sept. 2010. Winter long-term trend: Boertmann, D., Mosbech, A., Bjerrum, M., Labansen, A.L. & Merkel F. 2010. The Greenland seabird colony register. – Poster ved 1st Seabird World Conference, Victoria 7-11 Sept. 2010. Iceland Breeding population size: Umhverfisráðuneytið 1992 Breeding short-term trend: The Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Ævar Petersen Breeding long-term trend: Umhverfisráðuneytið 1992 NO: Svalbard Breeding population size: 1). Norwegian Polar Institute unpublished data. 2). Bangjord, G., Haugskott, T. & Hammer, S. 2013. Svalbard birds - a basic field guide. Longyearbyen Field Biological Society. 124 pages. Russia Breeding population size: Bianki V.V., Kohanov V.D., Koryakin A.S., Krasnov Yu.V., Paneva T.D., Tatarinkova I.P., Chemyakin R.G., Shklyarevich F.N., Shutova E.V. 1993. Birds of Kola-White Sea Region. - Russian Ornithological Magazine, express-issue, 22 (4): 491-586 (in Russian). Gavrilo M.V. 2011. Fauna and populations of birds in some high-latitude islands of Western Arctic. – In: Matishov G.G., Tishkov A.A. (eds.) Terrestrial and marine ecosystems / Russian input in MPG 2007/2008. Moscow, Paulsen: 344-364 (In Rusian). Krasnov Yu.V., Gavrilo M.V., Ström H., Shavykin A.A. 2008. About late-summer distribution of birds in Kolguev Islands and the factors determining it. - Ornitologia, 35: 83-96 (in Russian).

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Bibliography

Burger, J., Gochfeld, M. & de Juana, E. (2014). Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2014). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Editions, Barcelona.

Bustnes, J. O.; Hanssen, S. A.; Folstad, I.; Erikstad, K. E.; Hasselquist, D.; Skaare, J. U. 2004. Immune Function and Organochlorine Pollutants in Arctic Breeding Glaucous Gulls. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 47: 530-541

Evans, P. G. H. 1984. The seabirds of Greenland: their status and conservation. In: Croxall, J. P.; Evans, P. G. H.; Schreiber, R. W. (ed.), Status and conservation of the world's seabirds, pp. 49-84. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, UK.

Verreault, J.; Bech, C.; Letcher, R. J.; Ropstad, E.; Dahl, E.; Gabrielsen, G. W. 2007. Organohalogen contamination in breeding glaucous gulls from the Norwegian Arctic: Associations with basal metabolism and circulating thyroid hormones. Environmental Pollution 145: 138-145.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2015) EUROPEAN RED LIST OF BIRDS