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Property of Asempa Limited S1947/456119 Administration www.africa-confidential.com 18 March 2021 - Vol 62 - N° 6 - online edition AFRICA/COVID-19 BLUE LINES The Integrated Review of Sparring for a jab Britain’s Foreign and Defence policy, announced by Prime Minister Boris Johnson on 16 March, carries mixed messages for Africa. Beyond its tilt towards Trade and production deals may help the region’s vaccination drive in the south-east Asia, Britain wants short term more than lobbying for changes to the IP and patent laws to boost relations with a narrow band of African countries. The he challenge to access vaccines the continent must not find itself in review ranks Africa second to against Covid-19 is not just an African this position again. Contacted by Africa the Indo-Pacific region as a T problem, it is a global battle. But it Confidential this week, he cited factories ‘dynamic’ player and promises has shone a spotlight on the complexities in South Africa, Egypt, Senegal and to ‘revitalise’ economic that Africa faces when it is competing for Morocco as having the potential to relations with the continent. commodities it doesn’t produce. manufacture, although he conceded that British officials have been The situation has led to calls for ‘these will need to be expanded and saying privately that the trade Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, the World Trade strengthened’. and investment focus will be Organization’s new head, to make her on a select group of states first action an initiative to set aside TECH TRANSFER but until now not been explicit Intellectual Property patent laws to Producing complex biological products about which ones. South Africa, allow for greater production of Covid-19 to scale requires extraordinary Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia and vaccines ‘for the common good’ (AC Vol 62 infrastructure and processes, cell lines Ghana are the priorities when it Nos 4 & 5). Knowing she was fresh from and bacteria, all managed within hugely comes to ‘our shared prosperity heading up Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, onerous regulatory requirements to goals, our democratic values half a mile down the road from WTO HQ ensure every batch adheres to strict good and our security interests’, with in Geneva, ‘Big Pharma’ reacted quickly manufacturing practice rules. John-Arne Nigeria and East Africa singled with a high-level lobbying initiative Rottingen, Chair of the World Health out as partner priorities. All bar directed to United States President Joe Organization Solidarity Trial of Covid-19 Ethiopia are former colonies of Biden, and signed by all the leading Treatments asserts that a patent waiver Britain and all are already major manufacturers. In summary they warned is simply ‘the wrong approach’ given the trading partners with it. ‘don’t relax the law or you won’t get the complexities of production. Instead, he Kenya is promised a ‘Strategic investment that has brought us to where urges for technology transfer, in which Partnership’ focused on trade, we are today with a number of vaccines he includes non-exclusive licences such as climate change and security available in record time’. AstraZeneca has struck with the Serum cooperation. Elsewhere, Egypt The reality is that both the calls and Institute of India and Fiocruz in Brazil for and Morocco are mentioned the rebuttals miss the point. When the the manufacture of its vaccine. only in terms of climate change IP and patent issue last hit the headlines Establishing vaccine production policy, while Sudan and Somalia in the 1980s and 1990s, it was over the facilities needs to become a priority are priorities for security and pricing of HIV drugs that were off the scale for Africa, but it is not going to happen counter-terrorism. for African governments or individuals during this phase of the pandemic. Just as significant are the to afford. Today, the issue is the physical Whether split across three or four sites, or omissions. The review makes no availability of vaccines, and as Europe has from one central site, it is going to need mention of Zimbabwe or Congo- witnessed, the scrap to get supplies can to be carefully planned. Africa’s pharma Kinshasa, both countries get quite nasty. The problem is capacity, sector has been constantly frustrated where Britain thought it had, or as demand far outweighs supply. by its inability to achieve economies of wanted, influence. Nor do any As John Nkengasong, Director of scale with output that can compete with other francophone or lusophone the Africa Centres for Disease Control the big producers of India and China. In countries figure in the plan. and Prevention, has said repeatedly, part, the problem has been the regulatory SOUTH AFRICA 2 NORTH AFRICA/US 4 KENYA 6 CONGO-B 7 SENEGAL 8 BURKINA FASO 9 The plot United States Raila’s weak Trafigura’s Property of Asempa Limited against Cyril special feature grip middleman TANZANIA, The President’s foes What the new US The perennial candidate The trader funnelled CÔTE D’IVOIRE in the ruling party are administration means wants his ‘handshake’ huge loans and oil UGANDA, building a credible for four key North to propel him to the payments through an POINTERS 10-14 coalition to depose him African countries presidency intermediary Prepared for Beate Adolf on 20/03/2021 at 11:35. Authorized users may download, save, and print articles for their own use, but may not further disseminate these articles in their electronic form without express written permission from Africa Confidential / Asempa Limited. Contact [email protected]. S1947/456119 Administration red tape of dealing with 54 countries, and cross-border impediments. The nascent Africa Medicines Agency, currently being piloted through the African Union by its Development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD) should significantly speed up drug and vaccine registration procedure but while its legal instruments have been adopted by member states, as ever for implementation, the devil is in the detail. At a recent high-level meeting of the implementation steering group, a senior WHO consultant cautioned delegates that ‘setting up the European Medicines Agency (EMA) took 30 years’. It is going to take time. BOTTLENECKS On cross-border issues, the challenge will be the effectiveness of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). If trade bottlenecks continue, Africa’s ability to manage its own problems will remain significantly impaired. The Serum Institute of India is already the biggest global vaccine manufacturer and its CEO, Adar Poonawalla is challenging anyone to beat his company on price. This is the dilemma. If Africa spends big money on quality home-spun vaccine production it has to be sure that its output prices are internationally competitive. If they fail, then the business will fail. The impact of Covid-19 on Africa has been much lighter than originally feared, with official figures indicating only about 4% of global coronavirus deaths occurred on the continent. the African Development Bank, and these areas is where energy needs to But as a third wave of the Covid-19 Trevor Manuel, ex-Minister of Finance be focused. virus hits countries like Kenya, amid from South Africa, were among 23 Already one significant viral speculation about the effects on them signatories of a recent open letter to mutation has emerged from Africa, of neighbouring Tanzania’s rogue the Group of 20 calling for a series of and others will no doubt crop up so Covid-19 status, there is no room for financial and economic measures to long as the virus is uncontained on the complacency (AC Vol 61 No 10). enable equitable vaccine roll-out across continent. The global cost of this could Experts including luminaries such Africa, and to stabilise the economic be many more times than the cost of as Donald Kaberuka, ex-head of fall-out of the pandemic. Traction in assistance now. l SOUTH AFRICA Zuma faction is to build a coalition ahead of the party’s next national elective conference in 2022 to unseat The plot against Cyril Ramaphosa from the ANC leadership. Health experts predict, however, that a third and fourth wave of Covid-19 may sweep the country, which could The President’s foes in the ruling party are building a credible enable Ramaphosa to postpone the coalition to depose him and return supporters of Zuma to power conference to 2023. This would be a blow to the Magashule-Zuma camp, ormer President Jacob Zuma and as remote as many assume, insiders which is building momentum for a the African National Congress say. Ramaphosa supporters may be special national elective conference Secretary-General Ace Magashule, underestimating their enemies, who now, provision for which exists in the F Property of Asempa Limited who are both facing multiple corruption are well-placed in the party structures, ANC constitution in the event of a major charges, have launched an open, know how to use them, and have a party crisis. brazen campaign to unseat President formidable reputation for organisation, They argue that the pandemic Cyril Ramaphosa from the presidency the insiders say. His opponents also and the economic crisis are sufficient of the party, and then the state. The have nothing to lose. grounds to call a special conference campaign’s prospects of success are not The first object of the Magashule- which they believe they would win. 2 18 March 2021 • Vol 62 - N° 6 • Africa Confidential Prepared for Beate Adolf on 20/03/2021 at 11:35. Authorized users may download, save, and print articles for their own use, but may not further disseminate these articles in their electronic form without express written permission from Africa Confidential / Asempa Limited. Contact [email protected]. S1947/456119 Administration Alternatively, if the ANC does as poorly argues, not unconvincingly in some as expected in the local elections, party members’ eyes, that the fight AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL scheduled between 3 August and against them is, in reality, political.
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