Iowa Beef threatens use of scabs .. 3 -THE Afghanistan gov't begins cease-fire •• 7 . Interview with Leonard Boudin . . .. 8

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF WORKING PEOPLE VOL. 51/NO. 4 JANUARY 30, 1987 75 CENTS Klan attack in Georgia California antiwar provokes broad protests action builds BY DIANA CANTU SAN FRANCISCO - More than 200 activists from labor, solidarity, church, and anti-apartheid organizations met here January 13 to discuss plans for a western states march·and rally on April 25. · _The march will demand an end to U.S. intervention in Central America and to U.S. support for apartheid in South Africa. The meeting was opened by Pat Nor­ man, co-chair of the Mobilization for Peace, Jobs and Justice, which is organiz­ ing the demonstration. She emphasized that the San Francisco action is part of a na­ tional effort to mobilize a large turnout on April 25. The other national action will be held in Washington, D.C. "We've been requested to organize the western region," Norman explained, "and Robed Klansman was one we have accepted." January 24. Other mobilization co-chairs also ad­ dressed the meeting, including Peter Sam~ BY KEN MILlNER dox and white supremacist J. B. Stoner Blacks fled the county in 1912 after mon, a priest active in the sanctuary move­ CUMMING, Ga. -Hundreds of thugs were among the ra.cists. Stoner recently three Blacks were lynched. Two were ment; Alameda County Supervisor John led by the Ku Klux Klan attacked a peace­ was released from prison, after serving hanged while a crowd of more than 10,000 George; and Walter Johnson, secretary­ ful march of 75 people here on January 17. three years for the firebombing of a church cheered. According to the 1980 census, the treasurer of the San Francisco Labor Coun­ The marchers came from nearby towns and in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963 that county had one Black resident. cil. Atlanta to participate in a "March Against killed four Black children. "Labor will be very much involved, Intimidation" honoring Martin Luther The March Against , Intimidation was The walk for brotherhood was to show more than ever before," Johnson said. King's birthday. Cumming, located in For­ called by construction worker Dean Carter that Blacks could move back to the county. AI Lannon, president of Local 6 of the syth County, is about 30 miles from At­ after cancellation of a "brotherhood walk" International Longshoremen's and Ware­ lanta. called to honor the King national holiday Organizer Chuck Blackburn canceled the housemen's Union (ILWU), presented a­ Eight racists were arrested on charges and to counter Forsyth County's racist event after receiving close to 100 death proposal to the meeting on structure for the ranging from the possession of marijuana image. Continued on Page 6 Continued on Page 13 to assault and carrying a concealed weapon. The violence erupted when 400 KKK supporters lined the march route, waving Confederate flags and shouting, UN chief, gov't leaders visit Nicaragua "Niggers go home!" "We're not going to let niggers live here!" and "Get the nig­ gers!" BY CINDY JAQUITH commit the OAS to any concrete agree­ would have to hold new elections and a The mob carried signs reading, "Keep MANAGUA, Nicaragua - Thousands ments. dialogue with the U.S.-paid mercenaries Forsyth County white," "Thank God for of Nicaraguan working people, bearing Once it was clear the tour could not be attacking its territory. AIDS," and "Abolish the King holiday." signs that read, "We want peace with dig­ stopped, Washington organized a meeting When the delegation arrived here the Former Georgia governor Lester Mad- nity," lined the streets here January 19. of the governments of Costa Rica, Hon­ Nicaraguan government presented a nine­ They had turned out to welcome the high­ duras, and El Salvador on January 18. The point program of steps to move toward est level international delegation ever to purpose was to line them up as to what they peace in the region. The points are the fol­ come here to discuss how to end the mili­ would say when the delegation visted their lowing: 4,000 marchers tary conflict in Central America, a conflict countries. 1. Nicaragua gives its "categorical sup­ rooted in the U.S. mercenary war against In Costa Rica, the delegation's flrst stop, port" to the efforts of the Contadora and urge justice for Nicaragua. President Oscar Arias echoed Washing­ Support groups to flnd a negotiated solu­ The delegation, which is visiting all flve ton's line. He told the delegation that for tion to the war in the region. N.Y. lynch victim nations of Central America, was headed by serious negotiations to begin, Nicaragua Continued on Page 13 United Nations Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar. This is the flrst time a UN BY HARRY RING secretary general has ever visited Nicara.­ NEW YORK- Some 4,000 protesters, gua. ANC's Oliver TaDlbo gets mostly young Black men and women, In addition, Joao Baena Soares, secre­ marched and rallied here January 21 in re­ tary general of the Organization of Ameri­ sponse to the racist assault at Howard Beach can States (OAS), participated, as well as standing ovation in -New York that claimed the life of Michael Griffith. eight Latin American foreign ministers. Griffith, his stepfather Cedric San­ BY ERNEST HARSCH Four of the foreign ministers came from Tambo's presentation was billed as the diford, and Timothy Grimes had been as­ NEW YORK - A capacity crowd of the Contadora Group, which is made up of first "Olof Palme Memorial Lecture on saulted by a gang of racists. Griffith, a con­ nearly 3,000 people jumped to its feet in a the governments of Colombia, Mexico, Disarmament and Development," spon­ struction worker, was killed by a car when standing ovation here as Oliver Tambo, Panama, and Venezuela. The Contadora sored by Riverside Church in commemora­ he ran onto a highway trying to escape his president of the African National Congress Group's stated purpose is to flnd a tion of the Swedish prime minister who attackers. (ANC), walked down the center aisle of was slain last year. In addressing those top­ The march began in midtown Manhattan negotiated settlement to the military con­ Riverside Church. Chants of "ANC! flict here in the region. It initiated the cur­ ics, Tambo stressed, "While the world is and made its way down Fifth A venue to ANC!" rang out. · divided between the superrich and the ab­ rent tour at a meeting in Brazil in De­ Greenwich Village where a rally was held The platform at the January 21 meeting jectly poor, there can be no peace." near the home of Mayor Edward Koch. cember 1986. boasted a broad range of prominent indi­ The other four ·foreign ministers came Throughout his administration, Koch has viduals, including church officials, disar­ Speaking a week before his scheduled from the Support Group to Contadora, stubbornly resisted acting against racist mament activists, and others. meeting with Secretary of State George made up of the governments of Peru, violence. An undersecretary general of the United Shultz, Tambo also alluded to Washing­ The marchers were accompanied by a ' Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Nations brought greetings, as did Anders ton's demand that the ANC halt its armed heavy array of city cops - on foot, The U.S. government has consistently Ferm, Sweden's ambassador to the UN. struggle. "Nobody," he declared, "can de­ mounted, on motorcycles, and in squad opposed efforts to negotiate a peaceful sol­ Ferm announced that this year the Swedish mand peaceable behavior of anyone in our cars. ution to the war it is sponsoring against government is giving the ANC $9 million. country until we are free." As long as the The protest was initiated by the National Nicaragua. On January 8 U.S. officials Allan Boesak, a founder of South Af­ apartheid regime denied all avenues of African Youth Student Alliance and sup­ convened a special meeting of the OAS in rica's 2-million-member United Democrat­ peaceful change, he said, it would be nec­ ported by a coalition that developed around the hopes of preventing Soares's participa­ ic Front, forcefully described the apartheid essary to oppose it with arms. the Howard Beach events and set January tion in the delegation. But other OAS regime's repression and the growing sup­ Tambo told the crowd, "We must ctit 21 as a "Day of Mourning and Outrage." member nations approved Soares's in­ port for the ANC. He urged the audience to through the cant and hypocrisy by which In addition to the march, the coalition volvement in the tour, while acceding to a oppose Washington's policies toward apartheid is condemned in word and main­ Continued on Page 2 U.S. demand that he not be allowed to South Africa. tained in substance." Howard Beach killing spurs response from workers on the job

BY ANDREA GONZALEZ tive in-plant chapter of the National As­ NEW YORK - Discussions with co­ sociation for the Advancement of Colored workers at two New York plants indicate People. that outrage is a common reaction to the One of the Fairchild . workers who Howard Beach lynch attack in which marched at Howard Beach was Militant Michael Griffith died. supporter Barbara Bowman. At the Loral Electronic plant in the She said that even though the plant was Bronx, a shop organized by the Interna­ on year-end shutdown, Fairchild unionists tional Union of Electronic Workers (IUE), turned out for the action. One Black co­ Black and Latino coworkers talked about worker brought a dozen relatives and other instances of racist violence - includ­ neighbors. ing some flfSthand experiences. And cases He said he _expected there would be an were recalled in which peQple were killed attempt by the racists there to attack the by racist thugs or cops and those guilty demonstration. But when he· and others were not jailed. moved to the front where a gang of racists were shouting epithets, he realized "they Workers remember the police shooting were nothing but punks," who weren't of 66-year-old Eleanor Bumpurs and the about to do more than make noise. Members of Locall199 HospitaJ and Health Care Employees at December protest in beating to death by transit cops of 25-year­ He was surprised, he said, and pleased, Howard Beach. Lynching ofMichael Griffith has stirred outrage and discussion among old Michael Stewart. And they remember to see the number of whites who came out New York workers. the mob that beat transit worker Willie for the antiracist demonstration. He was Turks to death in the Gravesend section of particularly glad to see several white co­ name!" whites were arguing with him. ''You can't Brooklyn. workers marching. And he was struck by At the Fairchild plant, when they re­ label a whole people like that," one in­ The failure to win justice in such cases an exchange he heard among a group of turned to work, Bowman got a glimpse of sisted. "What happened out there was leads many people to be skeptical about Howard Beach whites. He said a young something similar. She overheard three wrong," the other added. "There was no Mayor Edward Koch's statements scoring woman was chewing out some of those white workers discussing Howard Beach. reason for it." the Howard Beach attack. Many rightfully who were insulting the demonstrators. One had his back toher, and she couldn't believe that Koch's years of support for ra­ "You're a disgrace!" she told them. hear all he was saying, but he was appar­ Andrea Gonzalez works at Lora[ Elec­ cist cops and his failure to act decisively in "You're giving the neighborhood a bad ently defending the racists. The other two tronic and is a member of IUE Local431. the Willie Turks case and others created an atmosphere in which racists feel they can murder people and get away with it. Many Black and Puerto Rican cowork­ March·urges justice for lynch victim ers also resented Koch's claim that whites are in danger of the same kind of violence Continued from front page survivors of the racist attack, had refused killed Michael Griffith, be jailed. in Black neighborhoods. One coworker called for a one-day boycott of white busi­ to cooperate with Santucci. Sandiford After he hit Griffith, Blum, a court wanted Koch to name one case where a ness establishments. charged that the city's prosecution was a guard and son of a city cop, kept going. He white was lynched in a Black neighbor­ A student contingent led the chanting "masquerade." had second thoughts and returned to the hood. marchers, with a banner declaring: "How­ Deep anger in the Black community and scene later. The police did not even book Another called Koch's charge ridicu­ ard Beach - never forget! Black youth, the refusal of Sandiford·and Grimes to be him for leaving the scene of an accident. lous. "If a white was killed in Harlem," he unite and fight." party to a cover-up forced Cuomo, a presi­ Insisting on action against Blum, attor­ said, "the cops would shoot up the place." As the marchers prepared to step off, dential hopeful, to intervene. ney Mason said, "A good faith investiga­ Among white CQworkers, ·the .response they were addressed briefly by Ben Chavis, In additioq to the public pressure for ac­ tion includes the arrest of everybody in­ to Howard Beach was more varied. veteran civil rights fighter and director of tion, aides to Cuomo said he appointed a volved." the Commission for Racial Justice of the special prosecutor because he was critical In another development, Koch invited In Loral' s machine and sheet metal United Church of Christ. of the way Santucci was handling the case. directors of Hispanic social service agen­ shop, two older white workers condemned Chavis declared: "Mayor Koch, Gover­ The aides said Cuomo acted when he cies to meet with him for a discussion of the killing and insisted that those responsi­ nor Cuomo, President Reagan - we're learned that Santucci was considering turn­ the problem of "race relations." ble should be prosecuted to the full extent serving notice we're going to beat back the ing the case over to federal authorities. This was his response to the demand for of the law. But other whites echoed the ra­ racist attacks." They denied Cuomo was concerned that a special· prosecutor in the case of Rafael cist argument, "What were those Blacks And a8 they marched, the protesters the need for federal intervention in a civil Gonzalez and George Torres. These two doing in that neighborhood anyway?" chanted, "Mayor Koch, have you heard, - rights case would have reflected badly on Latino youths were beaten by racists De­ Howard Beach is JohannesburgP' his administration. cember 19 in Ozone Park, which is covered One racist-minded worker said he didn't Meanwhile, it was reported that on Janu­ In addition, the aides told reporters, the by the same police precinct as Howard think what happened at Howard Beach was ary 20 a Queens County grand jury began governor felt that when Sandiford and Beach. right, but he did think "all Black men are hearing evidence behind closed doors on Grimes refused to testify, Santucci should Police subjected the two victims to racist violent, so you've got to strike out at them have jailed them. before they strike out at you." the Howard Beach case. abuse and booked only .one of their assail­ Initial evidence was presented by aides When the demand for a special pro­ ants, even though the youths identified sev­ On December 27, some 3,000 protesters to Charles Hynes, the special prosecutor secutor was met, Alton Maddox, Jr. and C. eral. A coalition of Latino organizations marched in Howard Beach. Among them appointed by Gov. Mario Cuomo. Hynes Vernon Mason, attorneys for Sandiford had responded to the police misconduct were a number of workers from Fairchild superceded Queens County District Attor­ and Grimes, said their clients would coop­ and inaction with an angry demand for a Republic, a Long Island aerospace plant ney John Santucci, who had been widely erate. special prosecutor. organized by the International Association assailed for his conduct of the case. At the same time, they demanded that Like Koch, Cuomo has not responded to of Machinists. At Fairchild, there is an ac- Cedric Sandiford and Timothy Grimes, Dominick Blum, driver of the car that this demand.

The Militant tells the truth Subscribe today! The Militant The Militant is written in the Closing news date: January 21, 1987 CoeditOrs: MARGARET JAYKO interests of workers and farm­ and DOUG JENNESS ers. Every week it tells the truth Circulation Director: MALIK MIAH about the war Washington and Nicaragua Bureau Director: CINDY JAQUITH the employers are waging · Business Manager: JIM WHITE against working people at home Editorial Staff: Susan Apstein, Fred Feldman, Ernest Harsch, Arthur Hughes, Harvey McArthur (Nicaragua), and abroad. We provide Robert Kopec (Nicaragua), Harry Ring, Norton Sandler. firsthand coverage of important Published weekly except one week in August and the last struggles in other countries, week of December by the Militant (ISSN 0026-3885), 410 such as Angola, Haiti, and the West St., New Yolk, N.Y. 10014. Teleph

2 Tbe Militaat Jalitlal'y 30, 1987 Iowa Beef threatens to use scabs ·at plant

BY MIGUEL ZARATE to run out." DAKOTA CITY, Neb. - Iowa Beef UFCW Local 222 has sent out "truth Processors Co. (IBP), the nation's largest squads" to other IBP plants and to several beef slaughterhouse and meat-packing union locals to win support. company, continues its lockout· of 2,500 A federal mediator has called the union and workers here. · the company back together for a meeting, Workers participating in the round-the­ but few of the workers this reporter talked to clock picket lines are discussing the com­ expected anything to come out of it. pany's threats to reopen the plant with The general feeling of a group of women scabs if the members of United Food and meat-packers getting ready for picket duty Commercial · Workers union (UFCW) was that the company was only agreeing to Local222 don't go along with its takeback the meeting because it was forced to. demands. "What really matters is if they decide to IBP's threats are taken seriously. No reopen the plant without us," one said. contract has been settled here since 1969 The visit of Bob and Lois Langemeier to without a strike. A strong reminder of this the union hall helped spark considerable is a long row of block housing that runs discussion. Bob Langemeier was fired along the south side of tfte plant. That's from his job at the Hormel meat-packing where scabs slept in 1969 and 1982 when plant in Fremont, Nebraska, last year after the company, with the help of the state honoring picket lines· set up by striking police and National Guard troops, attemp­ meat-packers from Hormel's Austin, Min­ ted to break the UQion. nesota, plant. Lois Langemeier has been Of IBP's 13 packing plants, the Dakota active in Fremont organizing support for City operation is the only unionized one. the fired workers. In 1983 the meat-packers here were The IBP workers appreciated having an forced to accept a wage cut of $1.07 an opportunity to talk to the Langemeiers hour. Wages were then frozen for five about their experiences in the fight against years. The company now wants to extend Hormel. "Working people have got to stick the wage freeze for another four. together," Bob Langemeier told them. The increase of injuries on the job is another major concern. One worker on the Miguel ZArate is a meat-packer and a Militant picket line· said he had been in the plant member of UFCW Local 271 in Bellevue, Members of UFCW Local 222 locked out since December 13 are sending out ''truth only two months before he was seriously Nebraska. squads" tc. explain issues in their struggle to meat-packers at mP's nonunion plants. injured. He worked on the kill floor under cramped conditions. A knife ended up in his elbow when another worker lost control of it while trying to keep up with the brutal Cudahy strikers win broad solidarity line speed. In addition to a high injury i:ate, IBP is notorious for a high rate of employee tum­ BY SANDI SHERMAN Local P-40 took O\lt full-page ads in the for five months at Quality Aluminum Cast­ over. The company has tried to maintain a CUDAHY, Wis.- Meat-packers who major Milwaukee newspapers addressed ings have also picketed with the Cudahy work force of just under 500 at its Council went on strike at the Patrick Cudahy pack­ "To all the people who have to work for a meat-packers. Bluffs, Iowa, plant, in the less than six ing plant here after refusing to bow to the living in the State of Wisconsin." The ad company's takeback demands are receiv­ Community support months it has been open. But nearly 1,500 said, "We the members of UFCW Local P- ing broad solidarity from unions and workers have gone through the plant during 40 are the ones that gave our sweat and Milwaukee Archbishop Rembert Weak­ church, community,· and student organiza­ that time. blood to make the profits for this company, land has called on Cudahy to stop hiring tions. This shows. that many working and we are asking you not to cross the pick­ scabs. "It's not proper to try to bust the The stakes are getting higher in the lock­ people in this area see the 850 strikers' et lines as we are fighting for what's just union," Weakland told the press January out, which began on December 13. Many cause as a basic question of justice. and right." 14. His comments were in support of a know that IBP, a subsidiary of Occidental Members of Local P-40 of the United statement issued earlier by the Greater Mil­ Petroleum Corp., has big money to pour Food and Commercial Workers union Outpouring of solidarity waukee Conference on Religious and into its battle against the union. (UFCW) voted to strike the plant January 3 Support for the striking meat-packers Urban Affairs, an organization of local On the union side, a willingness to fight after refusing major new concessions that has grown rapidly among Milwaukee-area churches and synagogues. . . the company has resulted in good turnouts would have slashed wages and made work­ unionists. UFCW members at the Oscar That statement also criticized Cudahy at the picket lines. A union-run food bank ing conditions intolerable. Mayer packing plant have donated $5,000 because "the bargaining process is being and the solidarity of other area unionists The company inimediately began adver­ to Local P-40. UFCW members from pack­ put aside in favor of pitting the un­ have helped to keep the meat-packers ing plants in Chicago and Minneapolis employed against the employed who are going. The locked-out workers are getting tising for jobs at the plant, which is just outside Milwaukee, and accepted more ·have traveled here to show their support. trying to preserve their livelihood. It is un--' strike benefits of $65 a week. acceptable that management approaches An In response to a presentation by strikers, eight-year veteran of the plant told than 2,000 applications. Sixty scabs cur­ the bargaining process with a 'take it or the Militant, "If you've worked here longer rently are working inside the Cudahy plant: unionists at the Briggs and Stratton plant voted to send $1,000. Donations have leave it' attit\lde and within a few days of.a than two years, you know to save up for a They include a dozen union members who strike, begins to seek replacements." strike. But even our savings are beginning have crossed the P-40 picket lines. come in from many more unions, and con­ tingents of Teamsters, transit workers, Activists at a Januar-Y 15 vigil in Mil­ machinists, and garment workers have waukee to mark Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, joined the picket lines. birthday, sponsored by the .Free South Af­ rica Coalition, pointed out that King's last An ongoing campaign of support is Hormel tries to divide workers struggle was on behalf of striking sanita­ being organized by United Auto Workers tion workers in Memphis, Tennessee. (UAW) locals 1866 and 438 representing After the vigil, they drove to the picket line at Ottumwa and Austin plants workers at the AC Spark Plug and Delco with a sign that said, "Martin Luther King Electronics plants. Local 1866 members was killed by a scab." BY BOB MILLER "glut" of raw pork products. He also said voted at their last union meeting to send the Responding to a call by Local P-40 to DES MOINES, Iowa-Officials ofthe that if the laid-off Ottumwa workers come strikers $1,600 and another $500 was col­ boycott Cudahy products, hand-lettered .Hormel meat-packing company announced to Austin, they will not be allowed to bump lected on the shop floor. About 20 auto boycott signs have appeared in groceries in December that the cut-and-kill operation into the plant, but instead will be put on a workers are making it a regular practice here and in Milwaukee. In some cases the at their Ottumwa, Iowa, plant will be per­ "back-to-work list" to be rehired when jobs every day to stop by the picket lines after signs have been put up by local unions, manently closed. become available. work. The cut-and-kill operation was sus­ "It's paramount we give workers who others by community.residents. On January 18 the two UAW locals or­ pended last February shortly afler the com­ went on strike in Austin the first jobs Students at Cudahy High School are also ganized a joint caravan to the plant. A total pany fired 458 members of United Food back," Nyberg hypocritically stated. organizing support for the strike. and Commercial Workers union· (UFCW) Hormel management demonstrated its of 350 workers picketed alongside the meat-packers that day. The majority were Local 431 for honoring picket lines estab­ real attitude toward the former strikers Sandi Sherman is a member of Amalga­ Auto Workers, but other unions were lished outside the Ottumwa plant. The rov­ when in September the company made sure f3 mated Clothing and Textile Workers Union also represented. ing pickets were striking members of that 850 of the meat-packers were excluded Loca/64 at the Eagle Knitting Mill in Mil­ UFCW Local P-9 from Hormel's plant in from getting their jobs back under the UAW members who have been on strike waukee. Austin, Minnesota. terms of the contract it imposed on the Local 431 officials told the Ottumwa UFCW. 11EAf\ Courier December 17 that under the terms Hormells now trying to pit the Ottumwa of their contract, the Ottumwa meat-pack­ workers affected by the decision to close "The Freedom Struggle in the Caribbean ers would be able to bump workers at other the Ottumwa cut-and-kill operation against DON and Central America Today" Hormel plants who had less seniority. those fighting to get their jobs back in Aus­ This would include being able to bump tin. And the company will attempt to use the several hundred who went to work as the threat of being bumped to help enforce 7=30pm scabs at the Austin plant early last year. discipline on those c~ntly working in the ROJAS But Hormel Executive Vice-president Austin plant. Press secretary to murdered Prime Charles Nyberg told the Courier, "The The contract between Local 431 and Minister Maurice Bishop Member of the Coordinating ·Saturday Hormel expires in April. The company will bumping is the contention of the union." Committee of the Anti-Imperialist attempt to force the union into as weak a An arbitrator ruled in August 1986 that Organizations of t h~ C:arw oean and Local431 members had been fired unjustly position as possible so that a new round of Central America January24 for honoring P-9 pickets and ordered the givebacks can be pushed through. Then it company to recall the workers. The com­ will try to impose whatever it has forced pany responded by laying off 500 Ottumwa . through in Ottumwa .on workers at other • • meat-packers, a move designed to sow as Hormel packing plants. Columbi tverstty much division as possible between those Local 431 officials and Hormel manage­ Paul's Chapel · who honored the picket lines and those ment agreed on December 19 to keep secret (Enter campus way entrance) who did not. all information related to membership Don RoJaS Tour Comm1ttee. PO Box Nyberg now claims the company has a transfer rights.

January 30,·1987 The Militant 3 Watergate scandal:. How Nixon's burglary cover-up came unglued

BY FRED FELDMAN the five burglars and Liddy - were con­ (First of three parts) victed in January 1973, having remained The news coverage on the crisis now silent about the involvement of anyone else shaking up the U.S. government is filled in the break-in. with comparisons and other references to Only a few major daily newspapers - the Watergate scandal of the early 1970s. particulady the Washington Post- made Many of the names given today's revela­ arty effort to dig out more facts. A trickle of tions - "Irangate," "contragate," "Rea­ leaks from dissident government officials gangate"-stem from those comparisons. or individuals with close ties to the govern­ That crisis ended more than a dozen ment - especially from one whom the years ago, and many people today are not Post reporters code-named "Deep Throat" familiar with the events that the term -aided the newspaper's investigation . . Watergate refers to. This series will seek to On Oct. 10, 1972, the Post revealed, provide some background. "FBI agents have established that the Watergate bugging incident stemmed from Caught in·act a massive campaign of political sabotage On July 17, 1972, five men - ·their and· spying conducted on behalf of Presi­ pockets stuffed with fresh $100 bills - dent Nixon's re-election and directed by were caught burglarizing the offices of the officials of the White House and the Com­ Democratic National Committee in the mittee to Re-elect the ·President." Watergate office, . apartment, ·and hotel The operations included ·"following complex in Washington, D:C. They car­ members of Democratic candidates' ried wiretapping and photographic equip­ families; forging· letters and distributing ment. them under the candidates' letterheads; A little more than two years later, on leaking false and manufactured items to the Aug. 8, 1974, President Richard Nixon an­ press; throwing campaign schedules into Richard Nixon, center, and gang. nounced his resignation from office after it disarray; seizing confidential campaign was revealed that he had attempted to cover files; and investigating the lives of dozens up the role of the White House staff and the of Democratic campaign workers." Anthony Russo. The· government wanted House aide David Young and Under Secre­ Committee to Re-elect the President to jail them for providing the Pentagon Pa­ tary of Transportation Egil Krogh. The The operations were financed by a slush (which became known by the acronym pers to the New York Times. The papers case against Ellsberg and Russo was dis­ fund of $350,000 to $700,000 managed by CREEP) in the burglary and other illegal were secret government documents that re­ missed. former attorney general John. Mitchell, activities. Tapes of his conversations vealed how U.S. administrations from Tru~ who had quit as head of CREEP shortly proved he had been involved in the cover­ man through Johnson had deepened U.S. Bribes after the burglary. up from the beginning. involvement to prevent Vietnam from fal­ The investigation into CREEP's slush The October 23 Time magazine reported ling into the hands of the Vietnamese. funds helped lead to ITT's centribution of The two years had seen a steadily in­ that a top CREEP undercover man had creasing volume of congressional investi­ The documents showed that the govern­ $400,000 to the Republican Party as a been recruited by Dwight Chapin, the gations, trials, probes by government pro­ ment secretly recognized the struggle m bribe for a favorable decision in an antitrust "president's most trusted aide de camp" secutors, leaks, and media exposes that South Vietnam as a revolutionary civil war case. The dairy industry paid over who "acts as a liaison between Nixon and lifted·a comer of the veil over the govern­ while publicly it said it was the result of an $400,000 to the Nixori campaign in order his giant staff." The operative was paid by invasion by North Vietnam. to get a ruling allowing higher prices. ment's secret, illegal operations. Nixon's personal attorney. Some 20 Nixon staff members and other Haldeman, Krogh, Dean. and Attorney Ellsberg burglary U.S. officials, including former attorney Cover-up unravels General Kleindienst resigned. general Richard Kleindienst and former Judge Matthew Byrne, who was trying Nixon gave in to growing demands that Despite such revelations, the cover-up vice-president Spiro Agnew, were con­ the case, revealed in April 1973 that the he allow the appointment of a special pro• appeared to be succeeding. On Nov. 7, victed of offenses. Justice Deparbiient had admitted to him secutor. On May 18 Attorney General El­ 1972, Nixon was reelected in a landslide, Nixon himself escaped prosecution that Hunt and Liddy had burglarized the of­ liot Richardson named Harvard law profes­ carrying every state except Massachusetts. through a pardon granted by President fice of Ellsberg's pyschiatrist in September sor Archibald Cox.to the post. Cox said.his For the next two months, public attention Gerald Ford shortly after the resignation. 1971. The purpose was to find information task would be to "restore confidence in the focused on.the events leading up to the that could be used to discredit the defen­ honor, integrity, and decency of govern­ signing of the Paris Accords in January White House connection dants. ment." 1973, in which Washington agreed to with­ When the Watergate burglars were Byrne also said that weeks earlier the A tall order, under the circumstances. draw its troops from Vietnam. caught, presidential press secretary Ronald White House had offered him the post of The next article will take up such events Ziegler dismissed it as a "third-rate From then on, however, the cover-up FBI director, in an obvious effort to buy his as the discovery of the White House tapes, burglary attempt.,_ The identities of the started coming unglued. silence and assure conviCtions in the case. the "Saturday Night Massacre," and the de­ burglars belied this attempt to pooh-pooh The New York Times revealed in January Byrne also revealed that Hunt had admit­ bate over impeachment that led up to the incident. 1973 that four of the Watergate defendants ted under oath that the burglary ofEUsberg' s Nixon's resignation. They included James McCord, a veteran were getting substantial sums of money doctor had been organized by former White (To be continued) of 20 years with the CIA who had become from unknown sources. In fact, Hunt was a security coordinator for CREEP, and squeezing the White House for big payoffs Bernard Barker, a former member of and promises of executive clemency in ex­ Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista's secret change for his continued silence. RaHroad and airHne workers police. Barker had served as paymaster for L. Patrick Gray, whom Nixon had ap­ the CIA-organized Bay of Pigs invasion of pointed to succeed the late J. Edgar Hoover discuss An1trak-ConraH crash : Cuba in 1%l . And it turned out that more as head of the FBI, admitted during hear­ · than $100,000 in CREEP checks had been ings on his nomination in the Senate that BY WENDY BANEN bitrarily, all new hires and applicants are deposited in his bank account. White House staff member John Dean had NEW YORK -There has been a lot of tested. It goes on their records. I'd like to Address books carried by two burglars been allowed to oversee the FBI investiga­ discussion in the rail yard where I work see the bosses pass these tests," he added. contained the name of E. Howard Hunt and tion of Watergate. Later Gray resigned about the January 4 Amtrak-Conrail derail­ his White House office phone number. after confessing that he destroyed in­ ment. Hunt was employed by Nixon aide Charles criminating documents from Hunt's 'White While workers don't agree on the cause BY NANCY BROWN Colson, who headed what other White House safe. of the crash or what should be done about WASHINGTONj D.C.- In the after­ House staff members called the "office of it, many . are convinced the company and math of the train accident, Eastern Airlines dirty tricks." A veteran of many years with McCord talks the government will use the accident to workers· at National Airport here are dis­ the CIA, Hunt was the agent in direct The lid blew off the case on March 23, step up attacks on rail workers and our cussing safety conditions for rail workers, charge of the Bay of Pigs fiasco. 1973. Judge John Sirica, who had presided unions. comparing them to our own situation. A over the Watergate trial, read a letter from "The bosses will probably use this to big topic of discussion has been the size of The trail also led quickly to G. Gordon convicted burglar James McCord. The let­ clamp down on us more. We may see more rail crews. Many workers drew the parallel Liddy, financial counsel to CREEP. Liddy ter declared, "There was political pressure timetable checks and urine-testing," a con­ to recent cuts in crew sizes "at Eastern. and Hunt were subsequently also indicted applied to the defendants to plead guilty ductor in the yard where I work said. Workers talked about the lack of time for their role in the burglary. and remain silent" in the trial. McCord and materials to do our job right - some­ Under a recently enacted law, workers When the Watergate affair broke, the thing that can jeopardize safety on an air­ added, "Others involved in the Watergate found with alcohol or drugs in their blood makings of a juicy and potentially explo­ operation were not identified" at the trial. line or a railroad. following an accident are subject to five One mechanic drew a parallel between sive scandal were apparent. But for months McCord named top officials as involved years in prison and a $10,000 fine. neither Democratic nor Republican of­ in the burglary or cover-up, including slow-moving freight trains using high Some of the older workers defended ficeholders seemed eager to pursue the Mitchell, Dean, Colson, White House speed tracks and small aircraft flying in the drug- and alcohol-testing. But an engineer matter very far. It was not until early 1973 ChiefofStaffH.R. Haldeman, and others. same air space as commercial airlines. said, "Even if we do not violate any rules, that a special Senate committee on Water­ . Dean, who was picking up signals that "They are too cheap to construct new the company is violating our constitutional gate was established. And not until May Nixon was casting him in the role of track. They're too cheap to hire enough rights." 1973 was Nixon forced to appoint a special scapegoat, began cooperating with federal workers to operate safely. And now their Another engineer told me, 'This urine­ greed has killed 15 people," he said. prosecutor. prosecutors and agreed to testify to the testing for drugs and liquor simply lets the Senate Watergate committee in exchange company off the hook~" .Cover-up for a partial· grant of immunity from pro­ Wendy Banen is a hostler on the Metro The Justice Department and FBI worked secution. A conductor said, 'This sounds like big North Commuter Line in New York. She is with the White House to keep the scandal Later he testified that he had told Nixon brother wants to control our lives seven a member of United Transportation Union under wraps. CIA Deputy Director Vernon· of the cover-up and that Nixon had okayed days a week. But I really believe this ruling Local 385. Nancy Brown is a member of Walters (now U.S. ambassador to the paying hush money to the burglars. is just to get to people they don't like. The International Association of Machinists United Nations) also helped out in the early Another big blow to the Nixon administra~ guidelines are not followed accurately, Lodge 796 at Eastern Airlines in Washing­ stage of the cover-up. Six defendants - tion came in the trial of Daniel Ellsberg and they have pulled people in [for testing] ar- ton, D.C.

4 The Militant January 30, 1987 Nicaragua, Grenada and the myth of the 'Reagan doctrine' Unlike in Grenada after overthrow and murder of Maurice Bishop, invasion of Nicaragua would be met by confident, united, and armed workers and peasants.

BY MARGARET JAYKO able to use its considerable military power admitted that simply from a military and peasants. Has the U.S. goveirunent succeeded, to force compliance with U.S. dictates. standpoint the invasion itself was a fiasco. More than 8 million U.S. soldiers were under the leadership of Ronald Reagan, in The 6,000 "crack" troops that landed-on part of the 16-year-long war in Indochina. overcoming the political obstacles to inter­ Grenada invasion not inevitable an island of 110,000- didn't have maps, Of those, 60,000 were killed and 300,000 vening in other countries with U.S. troops? But what about Grenada? accurate intelligence, functional radios, or wounded. Estimates of Vietnamese killed Did the 1983 invasion of Grenada signal The Pentagon --'- with the support of protective artillery. range from 1. 7 million to 3 million people. a turning point in U.S. foreign policy? Democrats and Republicans alike - sent The invasion - which was "master­ Despite this massive use of force and Is Washington now inshape to not only 6,000 Gls to occupy the island, the first minded" by Lt. Col. Oliver North - was violence, the U.S. rulers could not make fight new Vietnam wars, but to .win them military action of its kind since the end of more like an elephant stepping on a flea the Vietnamese people cry uncle. They as well? the lndoehina war. than a well-oiled military operation. were forced to withdraw. The invasion was carried out under the Killing the corpse of the Grenada revolu­ A similar fate awaits the Pentagon in These are some of the important ques­ banner of saving the lives of U.S. medical tions being discussed and debated in the tion- this is U.S. imperialism's one for­ Nicaragua. students, who were allegedly in danger eign policy "victory" in six years. furor surrounding the governmental crisis from the new regime of Bernard Coard. War at home that promises to dominate U.S. politics for Just days before, a clique organized by Nicaragua won't be another Grenada months to come. But it's not just the antiwar sentiment Coard had murdered Maurice Bishop and The Sandinistas · often make the point generated by the bloodbath in Vietnam that Trying to reverse 'Vietnam syndrome' overturned the workers' and faimers' gov­ that Nicaragua will not be another Gre­ prevents Washington from unleashing its eimilent he headed. The U.S. invasion had As the U.S. war in Vietnam dragged on nada. troops and bombs against the peoples of the the backing of many Grenadians, who were That doesn't mean Washington won't world. year after year, massive antiwar sentiment disoriented· by the assassination of the was generated in this country. This fmally continue to wage war against Nicaragua The past decade has.also been marked by popular revolutionary leader. To many with the contra mercenaries. Nor does it a driving down of the living standards of forced Washington to withdraw from Viet­ working people in the United States it ap­ nam. mean that Washington won't bend every U.S. working people for the firSt time since peared to be justified. Since that defeat, the U.S. ruling class effort to get the Honduran military in­ the 1930s, both through inflation and out­ Doesn't Grenada prove that the U.S. has been trying to convince the people of volved. It doesn't mean that Washington right wage cuts. government has won the battle for public the United States that the goals it. pursues won't find some pretext to carry out an air Social services are being decreased. And support for interventionism? Wasn't Gre­ abroad are worthy of our support, up to and raid against Nicaragua. And it doesn't working farmers are facing their most se­ nada simply the first in what will be a string guarantee that Washington won't decide to vere crisis in decades. including sacrificing our lives and those of of successful invasions? our children if necessary. invade at some point. This is not a favorable situation for con­ No. The invasion of Grenada doesn't But one thing is crystal clear: if the U.S. vincing working people in this country to In this, Reagan's administration -like have to be repeated, and it wasn't inevita­ James Carter's before him - has failed government invades Nicaragua, it will be a sacrifice for wars in other countries. This is ble that it would happen. miserably. long, drawn-out war. And Washington will ·not like the early years of the Vietnam It's important to look at what actually lose. War, when economic expansion held out The right-wing coterie linked to the led to the invasion. the promise that living conditions would Reagan administration talked a lot about In March 1979 the people' Of Grenada Washington ean't win continue to improve. "·- · , ·-···'' ., · "containing and rolling back" revolution­ overthrew the U.S. -backed dictatorship of Washington won't win in Nicaragua for As long as the ruling class has to simul­ ary movements and regimes that threaten Eric Gairy and began tackling the problems the same reason that it didn't win in Viet­ taneously attack the rights and living stan­ Wall Street's interests in Latin America, of illiteracy, poverty, unemployment, poor nam- it can't get enough popular support dards of working people at home ~bile it's Africa, and Asia. Reagan, they claimed, housing, inadequate medical care, and at home to sustain the massive effort that trying to defend its shrinking emp~ was going to show the world that U.S. mil­ other social ills that were the legacy of cen­ would be involved in trying to defeat the around the world, the U.S. government itary might really could still be used to im­ turies of colonial domination. armed and mobilized Nicaraguan workers will not be able to win another war. pose Washington's will. Many commen­ Revolutionary Grenada became an ex­ tators saw this as a shift in U.S. foreign ample for the entire Caribbean and peoples policy and dubbed it the "Reagan doc­ elsewhere of what can be accomplished, trine." even in a tiny country, when workers and Minnesota ll1eat-packers hear But when you get behind the words and farmers begin to run their· nation in their actually look at what the U.S. government own interests. has done since 1981 , it's clear the "Reagan Washington found the Grenada revolu­ revolutionary froll1 India doctrine" never even got out of the starting tion intolerable and did everything it could gate. In fact, it turns out to be a myth. to weaken and destroy jt. Economic pres­ BY CHRIS RAYSON Desai was also able to meet farmers in From Nicaragua to Lebanon, from Libya sure, lies and slanders, and military threats Mihir Desai, a leader of the Revolution­ rural Minnesota, fighting to save their land to El Salvador, Washington has not been were all part of the anti-Grenada campaign. ary Communist Organization in India, re­ and equipment from government and bank The Pentagon even carried out a mock in­ cently completed a two-week fact-finding foreclosures. On December 29 he attended vasion of Grenada during military maneu­ and speaking tour of the United States. a public meeting of 150 filnners organized vers in 1981 as a rehearsal for an invasion. Desai is a leader of the struggle for hous­ by Groundswell, a grassroots farmers' or­ But the Grenadian government refused ing rights in Bombay, India, and is presi­ ganization based in Minnesota. The fol­ to be bought or bullied. Instead it armed, dent of the United Organization of Build­ lowing day Desai participated in a success­ organized, and mobilized the people. ing Dwellers. He has been particularly ac­ ful protest to prevent foreclosure , of two Consequently, Washington knew that it tive in defending the Muslim and Sikh buildings on the farm of Martin Berren, a would pay a big political price if it were to communities from violent attacks carried Groundswell leader from Montevideo, use military force to overturn this popular out by Hindu chauvinists: Minnesota. government. And it was not likely that it One highlight of the tour was a three-day Another highlight of the tour was a would have done so soon. trip to Austin, Minnesota, where Desai had meeting with leaders of the American In­ But it was handed an opportunity on a an opportunity to meet and talk to members dian Movement (AIM) who presented silver platter. of the Original P-9, and their supporters in Desai with a gift of wild rice collected from On Oct. 12, 1983, Bishop was placed the struggle against the Hormel meat-pack­ the White Earth Indian reservation. Vernon under house arrest at the orders of a clique ing company. Bellecourt of AIM. toured Desai through of army, . government, and party officials Desai had a chance to attend several of the AIM-administered "Little Earth" hous­ organized by Deputy Prime Minister Ber­ the work coinmittees set up to build sup­ ing projects in Minneapolis. These projects nard Coard. One week later, Bishop and port for the struggle against Hormel, inc are where niariy of the 35,000 Indians re­ five other central leaders were murdered in eluding the Mural Project and retirees' siding in the Twin Cities live. cold blood, again at the order of Coard's coinmittees. Desai was featured at pqblic meetings in clique. On January 6 Desai spoke to a meeting St. Paul, Minnesota; St. Louis; and The new government issued a round-the­ of the United Support Group- an organi­ Newark, New Jersey. He spoke on the po­ Maurice Bishop clock curfew, with orders to shoot violators zation of spouses, retirees, children, and litical situation in India and the struggles of ..Speaks: . on sight. The popular militia was dis­ other supporters of the meat-packers' fight. workers and peasants there to better their armed. He expressed his full solidarity with the living conditions. The Grenada On October 25, U.S. Marines and Army struggle and pointed out how the "en­ Desai plans to build solidarity with U.S. Rangers landed on the island. thusiasm, courage, and organization of the workers, especially struggling meat-pack­ Revolution The invasion only became inevitable Original P-9ers and their supporters make ers, on his return to India. ''There is a false 1979-83 after the government was overthrown. this a fight that advances the position .of impression widespread outside the U.S. · Bishop had always stressed that "the des­ working people all·.across the country." that workers here are backward," he said. Desai explained how the workers and $7.95 paper. Available from perate plans of imperialism can be de­ "I found instead a mood of struggle, and a peasants of India have a great stake in this bookstores listed on page 12, or feated" if the Grenadian people remained lot of thinking going on about how to do battle as well "because in reality we are in­ from Pathfinder Press, 410 West "organized, vigilant, united, and demon­ it." volved in one worldwide battle for justice St., New York, N.Y. 10014. Add strate firm and militant anti-imperialist sol- 75 cents for postage and handling. idarity." ' and a better life in the face of ruthless ex­ Argiris Malapanis and Craig Honts contri­ U.S. military officials themselves have ploitation by the rich." buted to this article.

January 30, 1987 The Militaat s Newark kicks off 'Militant' renewal drive BY MALIK MIAH tried for awhile but couldn't maintain a The Militant-Perspectiva Mundial busi­ lengthy discussion." So, she said, another ness office received 60 renewals during the PM supporter fluent in Spanish did the call­ second week of the seven-week national re­ ing, and she "ran" to pick up the subscrip­ newal campaign. That's an average of 12 tion, bringing along leaflets on upcoming renewals per day (excluding Sunday and political events. the Martin Luther King, Jr., holiday). "Some people have come into the Path­ The national renewal effort by Militant finder Bookstore in Newark to renew," .and PM supporters began January 10 and Wagner added. "One woman brought in ends February 28. So far, 551 subscribers the renewal form she received in the mail have renewed. The goal is to convince as from the Militant. She not only renewed many subscribers as po~sible to extend but also bought some books." their subscriptions, particularly frrst-time readers who bought subscriptions during Carnes said she talked to one subscriber the successful fall campaign that signed up who had bought his subscription from a 8,673 Militant and 2,328 PM subscribers. Militant supporter who works at General Of the .60 who renewed, 41 had bought Dynamics. He agreed to renew. their frrst ·subscription last fall. Sixteen·of Later the Militant supporter at General those renewing bought six-month or one­ Dynamics told Carnes that this worker had year subscriptions. put him off when he raised renewing the Another 19 people, already longtime subscription. It ·seems a courteous, Militant readers, renewed their subscrip­ businesslike phone call from another Mili­ tions, including two readers in Europe. tant-PM supporter made the difference. Selling MHltant in Newark, New Jersey. Two subscribers also ordered a complete set of five issues of the Marxist magazine New International. During the renewal campaign, Militant Klan attack on march spurs protests readers who extend their subscriptions for six months or longer will receive a free issue of New International (see ad below). Continued from front page Atlanta City Councilman Hosea Williams, situation was "out of control." PM re-subscribers will have a choice of threats. the march began. After consultation among the march or­ eight weeks of the Militant or a copy of the ganizers, people boarded the bus. Demon­ Dean Carter decided to go ahead with I asked participants why they were there. Pathfinder Press pamphlet Sudafrica: Ia Dana, a 16-year-old white high school stu­ strators discussed the failure of the cops to revoluci{m en camino, by Jack Barnes. · the walk on January 17, renaming it the · let the mob know that violence would not March Against Intimidation. dent from Cumming, looked at the racists Supporters in most areas of the country and said, "Because this is disgusting." be tolerated. The situation had been set up have only begun to organize their renewal March organizers found that the permit A 21-year-old worker, also from Cum­ from the start to assure violence against the effort. This includes Newark, New Jersey, granted by the cops required the marchers ming, said simply, "Because I am not a ra­ marchers. distributors who sold nearly 5~0 Militant to assemble in the same area where Klan­ cist." We never made it to the assigned rally and PM subscriptions last fall. organized racists had been given a permit point, the courthouse in Cumming. The media later reported that there were 1 ,000 I recently talked with Candace Wagner to gather. Those driving to the march were Racist violence and Laura Carnes about their results. required to park alongside the Klan rally Klan-organized racists at the site in a hate­ The march started, using the bus and filled atmosphere, complete with Nazi sa­ Wagner explained that supporters of the and walk to the nearby assembly point. The patrol cars as shields. Bottles and stones demonstrators and the crowd brought by lutes. Militant and PM in northern New Jersey rained down on the demonstrators. Wil­ We rode the bus a couple of miles and have begun calling subscribers. While the the Klan were separated from us only by a liams was hit, and a Black state assembly­ two-lane gravel road and some cops. held a short rally. Williams declared, "We response hasn't been "outstanding," it has man was knocked down. People tried to had to march in Forsyth or we would have been solid. Set up for the Klan protect children by putting coats over their turned King's dream into a nightmare." On Saturday, January 17, two teams of heads. Dean Carter said there were many decent phone callers - in shifts of two hours each . The Klan held a rally at the assembly A World War II veteran, originally from people in the area who had been intimi­ using two phones - netted one renewal point addressed by Stoner and Ed Stephens, grand dragon of the Imperial Knights of the Cumming, wrapped his hand that had been dated by threats and urged more marches in and several promises. Over the weekend, the county. Wagner explained, "four people agreed to Ku Klux Klan. cut to the bone. But everyone kept march­ ing. The marchers had to be driven back to renew, and four others bought subscrip­ The antiracists were required by their their cars by the police. All of us were sha­ tions. This included two antiwar activists permit to march two and a half miles down The racists seized the road on the left ken up, but were glad we had stood up to who spoke at a Militant Labor Forum Fri­ a sparsely populated road to the rally point and right flanks and the rear of the demon­ the intimidation. day night." in downtown Cumming. stration. Cops from the Georgia Bureau of Many were SUI'prised at the statewide Carnes noted that calling PM subscribers When the bus arrived from Atlanta Investigation (GBI) and the Forsyth mobilization of racist scum to oppose the generally requires fairly fluent Spanish. "I bringing several dozen people, including Sheriff's Department informed us that the march. Marchers from the area told me that they recognized few of the racists, and that more people from the county would have marched with us but for the fear inspired by peci~l offer for 'New International' · death threats. Many people in the county were stunned if you renew your 'Militant' subscription by the violence. One Cumming resident told reporters, "I work for AT&T and many of my coworkers are Black, ·and I just want to say I. am against this kind of violence." A young white man driving through town with his child told reporters, "I Please send me: couldn't believe it. A busload of Blacks pulls up and that mob begins to yell, 'Nig­ 0 One-year Militant renewal ger, nigger, nigger.' I did not think that subscription and free New this could happen in America." International. (Specify NI Vol. __ No.__ de- Outrage leads to call for action sired.) $24. The racist violence has evoked a re­ 0 Six-month renewal and free New sponse across the state. All of the major International. (Specify Vol. __ No._-__) $12. civil rights leaders and organizations have H you renew your Militant sub­ Position on the Aristocracy of Labor" denounced the attack. The outrage forCed scription today, you'll receive free an by Steve Clark. 0 All five issues -orNew International the sheriff of Forsyth County to declare, issue of New International, a • Vol. 1, No. 3 - ''The Workers' (without Militant renewal). ''There will be no more violence if it takes $10.· magazine of Marxist politics and and Farmers' Government: A Popular 300 state troopers and every GBI ag~nt in theory, published in New York. Revolutionary Dictatorship" by Mary­ 0 One issue of New International the state." · Or for only $10 you can receive all of Alice Waters. ''The FSLN and the Nic­ Vol. __ No. __ $3. At an Atlanta press conference on King the five issues of New International araguan Revolution" by Tomas Borge. 0 Subscription to New International. Day, Coretta Scott King, Southern Chris­ that have appeared - a big saving. • Vol. 2, No. 1 - ''The Workers' $12 for three issues. Current tian Leadership Conference President The following is a partial listing of and Farmers' Alliance in the U.S.," issue sent free. the contents of the issues: articles by Jack Barnes and Doug Jen­ Joseph Lowery, Jesse Jackson, and Wil­ ness. "Land Reform and Cooperatives NaJDe------~- liams announced a second March Against • Vol. 1, No. 1 -''Their Trotsky Intimidation for Saturday, January 24. and Ours: Communist Continuity in Cuba." Address ______~------~ City ______Williams said the Saturday march will pro­ Today'' by Jack Barnes. "Lenin and • VoL 2, No.2-"The Coming Rev­ ceed from Exit 10 on Georgia Highway the Colonial Question" by Carlos olution in South Africa" by Jack State ______Zip _____ Rafael Rodrfguez. Barnes. ''The Future Belongs to the 400 to the Forsyth County Court House. • Vol. 1, No. 2- ''The Working­ Majority," Speech by Oliver Tambo. Make check payable to the Militant, He said buses will leave for Forsyth Class Road to Peace" by Brian Gro­ "Cuba's Internationalist Volunteers and send to 410 West St., New York, County about 9:30 a,m. from the Martin gan. ''The Development of the Marxist in Angola," Speech by Fidel Castro. N.Y.10014. Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent So­ cial Change in Atlanta.

6 The MDitant January 30, 1987 Afghan gov't begins truce in·civil war Six-month cease-fire with rightist guerrillas is backed by Soviet Union

BY DOUG JENNESS ernment and laying the basis for a political The ftrst cease-ftre in the seven-year war settlement. in Afghanistan was unilaterally begun Jan­ In October Moscow withdrew 8,000 uary 15 by the government of Afghanistan troops from Afghanistan, which it pre­ with the full support-of the Soviet govern­ sented as a gesture toward achieving its ment. The six-month truce was announced goal of gettipg all Soviet troops out of the in early January by Najib, general secretary country. of the People's Democratic Party of Af- A series of top-level meetings between ghanistan (PDPA). · Soviet and Afghan offtcials soon followed Afghan troops, backed by more than to put the cease-ftre into place. 100,000 Soviet soldiers, have been ftght­ Moscow has also tried to win Pakistani · ing a bitter war against rightist guerrilla support for its truce plan. In early De­ forces, who have received signiftcant cember Pakistani Foreign Minister Abdus. backing from the U.S. and Pakistani gov­ Sattar was in Moscow for discussions. ernments. Soviet First Deputy Foreign Minister The initiative for "national ~oncilia­ Anatoly Kovalev flew to Pakistan in mid­ tion" was accompanied by government ap­ January for further talks with Pakistani peals for Afghan refugees, most of whom leaders. are in Pakistan, to come home and live in Moscow hopes its cease-ftre initiative peace. Najib announced an amnesty for and diplomatic moves toward Pakistan will draft resisters and a six-month exemption give it greater momentum going into the· from military service for those returning. next round of United Nations-sponsored He offered tax write-offs and cancellation talks on Afghanistan, scheduled to recon­ of repayments on farm loans. vene in Geneva, Switzerland, February 11. As part of this general amnesty, the Af­ ghan leader also announced that many pris­ Shifts inside USSR oners would be released. Gorbachev's drive to try to reach a set­ Broadengovernmment tlement in the Afghan war and extricate Soviet troops is connected to other moves At a meeting on January 3, Najib he's making inside the Soviet Union. pledged to draw Islamic organizations, Gorbachev has been leading an effort to dibility of the government and media in the Soviet military journal, exposed a scandal other political groups, and the leaders of introduce new measures that can help boost eyes of the Soviet people. The war touches of senior military offtcers using their influ­ armed factions operating outside the coun­ the rate of economic growth in the USSR, on the lives of too many families - espe­ ence to keep their sons, who have been try into the process of national reconcilia­ which has been declining in recent years. cially those with draft-age youth-for it to drafted into the army, from being sent to tion. These reforms, which involve increasing be kept in the closet. Afghanistan. A government declaration the same day workers' output, count heavily on winning The decision to expose this favoritism, stated the goal is the "creation of a govern­ acceptance from the Soviet people. This is Gorbachev has attempted to rectify this made at the highest levels of the Ministry ment of national unity, up to and including why Gorbachev has been lifting restric­ to some degree by encouraging the media of Defense, was part of a tightening up on the imparting of a coalition character to it tions on criticism, including by journalists, to carry more on the war. Since he was in­ conscription to ensure that even the sons of by broad political forces." artists, and even such prominent dissidents stalled, Afghanistan has become one of the the privileged do military service. This was Najib said, "The holy religion of Islam is as physicist Andrei Sakharov. And it's most heavily covered countries on Soviet aimed at countering grumblings about the the religion of Afghanistan, and this will be shown in the Soviet leader's recent interna­ TV news. Since November 1985 the war. formalized in article 2 of the new constitu­ tional initiatives, which aim to raise Mos­ battlefteld aspects of the war have also Whether Moscow's drive to ftnd a way tion." This follows earlier moves by the cow's moral and political standing at been reported. to end the Afghan war will succeed soon government to reconcile its differences home as well as abroad. As more and more Soviet soldiers have remains to be seen. A lot depends on with sections of the Islamic hierarchy. This includes its Afghan policy. Before come home wounded or in caskets, ques­ Washington, which is the main banker and These have included providing public Gorbachev assumed the reins, the Soviet tioning and discontent over the war have arms supplier for the rightist guerrillas. So funds to scores of mosques that are not hos­ press virtually ignored the war in Afghanis­ been mounting. far, U.S. offtcials bave r~po~~ -.1\~?i~~~­ tile to the government. tan. But this seriously undermined the ere- In July 1986, for example, Red Star, a tively to the cease-ftre initiative. The overtures to the clergy are aimed at countering the rightist forces, which have strong backing among the Islamic mullahs. The rightists have portrayed their reaction­ U.S. gov't continues aid to Afghan rightists ary military drive as a "holy war." Najib said that a favorable response to BY MALIK MIAH gram for the rightists. This so-called non­ Centcom, or U.S. Central Command, is this set of proposals would pave the way Last June four members of the seven­ lethal assistance will be sent directly to the first new unifted military command to for the removal of Soviet troops from Af­ party Afghan counterrevolutionary alliance rebel-controlled areas. AID officials claim be established by Washington in more than ghanistan. arrived in Washington, D.C., to meet with U.S. personnel will not go into Afghanis­ 35 years. Its area of responsibility, accord­ The leaders of the seven main guerrilla President Ronald Reagan and congres­ tan. The aid, they assert, will be funneled ing to Lifschultz, is Southwest Asia, the organizations have so far rejected the sional leaders. At that meeting Reagan through the "resistance." Persian Gulf, and the Hom of Africa - a cease-ftre, and in many parts of the country reafftrmed Washington's support for the Privately funded groups, such as Free­ region ranging from Kenya and Somalia to they have continued their armed attacks. "freedom ftghters" and promised them the dom Medicine, have sent U.S. doctors to Pakistan and Afghanistan. That covers 19 Their thumbs-down response was pre­ "appropriate aid" in their attempt to over­ the rightists' camps in Pakistan. countries- three more than NATO. sented at a mass rally of supporters in throw the government in Kabul. Boston University has accepted a Centcom can currently call upon Peshawar, Pakistan, on January 17. According to the January 13 Washington $180,000 grant from the United States In­ 300,000 troops for intervention in South­ Post, clandestine "appropriate aid" for the formation Agency to train Afghan refugees west Asia. It's expected to climb to Gorbachev's Afghan poUcy Afghan rightists has more than doubled as "journalists." This training, which will 450,000 troops by 1989. The Afghan government's cease-ftre since 1985. "From a level of $280 million take place in Pakistan, is aimed at conduct­ Because of Pakistan's geographical lo­ proposal followed steps taken over the last in ftscal 1985," the Post reported, "the CIA ing an anti-Soviet and antico~unist prop­ cation, it is strategic to Centcom. Thus the two years by Soviet leader Mikhail Gor­ budget allocation for Afghan freedom aganda campaign. massive U.S. aid. bachev that could move toward bringing an ftghters grew to $470 million in ftscal1986 The project is part of a $500,000 pro­ Since 1983, for example, U.S. P3 Orion end to the war and to removing Soviet and $630 million in the current ftscal gram established by Congress in 1985. The surveillance aircraft have been using Pakis­ troops from Afghanistan. year." King Features Syndicate will also receive tani air bases. This is a reversal of a 23- · Two months after Gorbachev became This military aid does not include CIA­ $310,000 to create an Afghan news ser­ year policy banning such use. ftrst secretary of the Communist Party of organized fund-raising among Washing­ vice. The U.S. military has budgeted more the Soviet Union in March 1985, he or­ ton's closest allies, such as the Saudi than $14 billion to be spent by 1988 onfa­ dered a review of the country's Afghan monarchy. The CIA and the Saudi govern­ Pakistan-U.S. link cilities linked to the deployment of U.S. ·policy ..In his report to the February 1986 ment each placed $250 million in a CIA-· Pakistan is the main base from which the forces in the region. Most of the military Soviet Communist Party Congress, Gor­ run Swiss bank account to purchase arms Afghan terrorists carry out their dirty war upgrading and developing of new facilities bachev called for a "political settlement" to for the Afghan terrorists. against the Kabul government. The Pakis­ is in Pakistan's province of Baluchistan, the Afghan war to permit a Soviet with­ Since the Soviet Union sent tens of tani military regime of Zia ul-Haq has pro­ bordering Iran and Afghanistan. · drawal "in the nearest future." Gorbachev thousands of troops into Afghanistan in vided sanctuary for the rightists, and the Pakistan's chairman of the armed forces' referred to the war as a "bleeding wound." 1979 to prop up the government there, military works.hand in glove with them. joint chiefs of staffs, Gen. Rahimuddin This collaboration has led to growing Khan, has been quoted in the Pakistani As part of Moscow's more vigorous pur­ Washington has substantially increased its U.S. military support for the Zia regime, press as saying 32 airftelds are now under suit of a political settlement, it backed the military aid to Afghan rebels. which is unpopular and threatened by an construction in Baluchistan. The most sig­ removal of Babrak Karmal as PDPA gen­ Last fall, for the ftrst time, the U.S. gov­ expanding opposition movement inside niftcant base is near the Afghanistan bor­ eral secretary in May 1986 and his replace­ ernment provided the rightists with ad­ Pakistan. der. ment with Najib. Karmal had become Af­ vanced surface-to-air missiles, including Since the early 1980s, Pakistan has re­ Pakistan's major port city, Karachi, is ghanistan's top leader in December 1979 the U.S.-built Stinger and British-built ceived several billion dollars in direct U.S. now receiving U.S. Navy ships on a regu­ · when tens of thousands of SOviet troops en­ Blowpipe. military and economic aid. From 1982 to lar basis. tered the country. In a trip to Pakistan in October, Secre­ 1987 Pakistan received $3.2 billion, in­ Because many Pakistani offtcers speak Karmal had initiated a series of con­ tary of Defense Caspar Weinberger said cluding advanced Fl6 fighter planes. Con­ one of the two major Afghan languages, it ciliatory moves in November 1985. This Washington was considering sending ad­ gress recently approved a six-year aid pro­ is widely assumed that they are training the included appointing 56 non-PDPA persons vanced airborne warning and control sys­ gram of $4.02 billion. rightist guerrillas in the use of Stinger an­ - mostly professors, businessmen, and Is­ tems surveillance planes - AWACS - to Lawrence Lifschultz, writing in the De­ tiaircraft missiles. lamic clergy who had been hostile to the Pakistan to patrol the Pakistan-Afghanistan cember 18 Far Eastern Economic Review, "Although Pakistan denies any role in government - to the governing Revolu­ border. He indicated then that U.S. crews noted: ''The enormous expansion in Pakis­ aiding the mujaheddin [the rightists]," re­ tioitary.Council in January 1986. may fly the aircraft. tan's military expenditure, es~imated at ports James Rupert of the Washington Najib reaffirmed these initiatives and Through the Agency for International more than 60 percent since 1979, has been Post, "a western diplomat in Islamabad· stepped up efforts to go much. further in Development (AID), the U.S. government funded out of U.S. aid, mainly linked to said Pakistani offtcers 'are known to go in­ broadening the base of support for the gov- is also launching a "humanitarian aid" pro- Centcom." side' Afghanistan."

Janury 30, 1987 The Militallt 7 ·This ruling is a conlrihulion lo consliluli< A!torney Leonard Boudin discusses decision in SWP lawsuit and fight for demo

j"lly NORTON SANDLER "The U.S. government said the court tant cases of the McCarthyite witch-hunt visit would not be in the public interest. NEW YORK - When a decision was had no jurisdiction over the matter and that era of the late 1940s and early 1950s, The NECLC is challenging that positL handed down last August in the court case its findings were not binding," Boudin re- Boudin defended Judith Coplon, an em­ in federal court on behalf of several U.S. brought by the Socialist Workers Party and called. · ployee of the Justice Department who be­ citizens whose constitutional rights were the Young Socialist Alliance against the ''This contradiction makes for an inter­ came the ftrst U.S. civilian tried for spying violated by the government's refusal ro FBI and other U.S. government spy agen­ esting discussion of the ba:sis for the for the Soviet Union. She was arrested in allow them to exchange views with AI· cies, leading constitutional rights attorney Reagan administration's refusal to abide by 1949 and convicted. Boudin, . however, lende. Leonard Boudin told a news conference, the World Court ruling." successfully argued in the appeal that the · Boudin is also involved in a case, alon~ ''The impact of this decision goes far Boudin has been involved personally in government had violated Coplon's con­ with the ACLU, fighting the government's beyond the SWP ~d YSA." both issues. stitutional rights, including through the use refusal to allow Nicaraguan Minister of tL , ''This ruling is a contribution to constitu­ When the U.S. government, using the of illegal wiretaps. Interior Tomas Borge; Nino Pasti, a fonne1 tional law, extending important new pro­ hostages as a pretext, seized lranian - ~sets Although· the case was sent back for Italian NATO general; and Olga Finlay and tection to the rights of all," Boudin said. in the United States at the height of its . another trial, the government dropped the Leonor Rodriguez Lezcano from the Fed­ Boudin is the attorney for the SWP and highly orchestrated anti-Iranian palitical prosecution, unable to come up with evi­ eration of Cuban Women to enter the coun- YSA. In a recent interview, he expanded campaign, Boudin represented the Iranian dence that had not been illegally obtained. try. on tlie importance of the decision in the central bank in its effort to get Iranian Around the time of the Coplon case, Boudin also represents the Cuban and those who were communists or were ac­ Angolan governments on legal matters in­ cused of being communists often had a dif­ side the United States. ficult time obtaining legal defense. Attor­ l've read lots of books on the intelligence community Right to bail '' - ney General Tom Cla:rk led a campaign to and how it works. They are all superficial compared to· deny the right to practice law to attorneys Leonard Boudin has also been in the who were members of "subversive" forefront of the legal effort to prevent the what's been learned as a result of the SWP and YSA groups, or even provided legal defense to further erosion of the constitutional right of those who were. Attorneys who defended -those who are not convicted of any crime to ______case •••• ,, Communist Party members indicted under be released on bail pending trial. As is the thought-control Smith Act themselves often the case with such important ques­ often wound up convicted for "contempt of tions of constitutional law, the governm(. . SWP and YSA case. He also discussed property returned. court" by judges who also sentenced their is trying to establish its· authority to deny several of the legal cases he is involved in. Though not directly involved in the Nic­ clients to long prison terms for their politi­ ·rights by using a case involving individuals The interview took place in Boudin's of­ araguan World Court case, Boudin's law cal ideas. branded in the press as "terrorists." fice as he was making fmal preparations to finn, Rabinowitz, Boudin, Standard, Under these conditions, the most promi­ Two hundred heavily armed FBI agents spend a month at the University of Califor­ Krinsky; and Lieberman, now represents nent U.S. organization claiming to defend went on a rampage in Puerto Rico on Aug. nia Law School in Berkeley, teaching a that country's mission to the United Na­ democratic rights, the American Civil 30, 1985. Eleven activists involved in the course on "Constitutional and International tions. Liberties Union (ACLU), caved in for the struggle to gain Puerto Rican· independence Litigation: the National Emergency." In his capacity as general counsel for the most part and refused to defend members from the United States were arrested. Tv · Boudin has been teaching this course, National·Emergency Civil Liberties Com­ additional activists were also picked up in mittee (NECLC), Boudin has been study­ of the Communist Party or those accused of using different cases, at a number of law being CP members. ·For instance, in 1952 Dallas, Texas, and Cuernavaca, Mexico. schools for the past 20 years. ing "not only the Nicaraguan case before the ACLU issued a lengthy statement as­ The 13 are accused of being members of While in Berkeley, he also delivered a the International Court of Justice" -but also serting that nothing in the case of Julius a proindependence organization called the regents lecture, contrasting the position the how Washington's acts of aggression and Ethel Rosenberg- neither the trial it­ U.S. government took in two cases that against Nicaragua are in "violation of the ,, ______self nor the death sentence - raised a civil have come before the World Court (the In­ American statutes." liberties issue. ternational Court of Justice) in the Hague, · Earlier, State Department officials de­ I'll never forget when Judt bated Boudin on the Nicaraguan World The ACLU went so far as to demand that Netherlands. its own members take "loyalty oaths." In 1979 and 1980 when Iranian students Court case at Stanford and Yale univer- · courtroom after viewing 'til seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran and sities and before the Washington State Bar Formation of ECLC held the embassy personnel employed Association. Now, the government refuses Boudin, you would never_t In response to this situation, a small there, the State Department claimed the to debate him. group of democrats decided that a new or­ World Court had jurisdiction over the hos­ ganization was needed to provide legal tage matter. It asserted that the court's rul­ Defender of constitutional rights Macheteros. The FBI claims they robbed a counsel for victims of government repres­ ing in favor of Washington's claims was Leonard Boudin has been at the center of Wells Fargo depot in Hartford, Connec­ sion. They established the Emergency legal battles with the government involving ticut, in 1983. binding on Iran. Civil Liberties Committee (ECLC). (The But in 1984 when Nicaragua brought major questions of. constitutional law and "For the last half yea:r, I have been very name was changed in 1968 to the National charges in the World Court against Wash­ democratic rights for more than four dec­ heavily involved in the bail issue for the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee.) ington, U.S. officials sang a different tune, ades. During his career, he has consistently . Puerto Rican nationalists," Boudin said. "I Boudin became a volunteer counsel for . Boudin explained. provided legal counsel for victims of the do not represent them in the case proper, the new organization soon after its found­ The court found Washington guilty on government. Moreover, he has done so but I filed a friend-of-the-court brief in the several counts of violating Nicaragua's na­ even when the individuals or groups in­ ing and has been its general counsel since court of appeals challenging the constitu­ 1954. tional sovereignty and ordered it to pay re­ volved had little public support. tionality of the detention provision of the In his ftrst ECLC case he represented the parations for the damages it had inflicted. In one of the most celebrated and impor- Bail Reform Act of 1984." prominent Black singer and actor Paul This act, for the frrst time, gives federa. Robeson, who was fighting to get the gov­ courts considerable power to deny bail in ernment to grant him a passport. This was cases where those arrested are accused by the frrst of many cases Boudin has handled the government of being "dangerous." that defended the right to travel. The fight The appeals court ruled last May that the lblitical Rights around the Robeson passport was espe­ Bail Reform Act.was unconstitutional, but cially important as thousands of U.S. citi­ it still refused to release nine of the defen­ zens were being denied the right to travel. dants, claiming they might fail to show uo Defense Fund The government was forced to return for their trial. Robeson's passport in 1958. Boudin filed a petition with the Supreme Help us win more victories for democratic rights In the mid-1960s, the NECLC and Court in which he argued, "There is no risk Boudin .successfully represented U.S. stu­ of flight in the case, and even if there is, Now that a federal judge has niled that the FBI's spying against the dents who had defied the travel ban and there ·is a traditional way we have handled Socialist Workers Party and Young Socialist Alliance was illegal, the case traveled to Cuba. Their passports were re­ that problem for 200 years, and that is by is going back to court to detennine what will happen to the millions of secret voked in retaliation. requiring the defendants to put up bail. flies the government spies accumulated. The Supreme Court ruled that the gov­ ernment had no right to tell U.S. citizens Every supporter of democratic rights has a stake in helping bring about they were forbidden to travel to certain another victory against the FBI in the upcoming hearings. The Political countries. Rights Defense Fund needs your endorsement and your fmancial help to The government then issued new regula­ make the next stage in this battle a success. tions that did not forbid travel to Cuba, but made it illegal under most circumstances D I want to be a sponsor of the Political Rights Defense Fund. for U.S. residents to spend money in Cuba or to get there. Boudin was back in court, D Send me a copy of the booklet with the federal court decision against the arguing that the new regulations, in effect, FBI. Enclosed is $1. violated the right to travel. This time, how­ D Enclosed is my tax-deductible contribution to keep up the fight. ever, the case was lost. $500 $100 $50 $10 other __ Name ______Government denial of visas Boudin and the NECLC have also been Address------~------~---- at the center of the current fight over the denial of visas .to those whose political City ------State _____ Zip-----~-- ideas the U.S. government finds unaccept­ Telephone ------Organization ------able.

S~abue ______When Hortensia Allende, widow of slain Chilean President Salvador Allende, Boudin bas ~11 active in fight to win bai Send to: Political Rights Defense Fund, P.O. Box 649, Cooper Station, was invited to give a series of lectures in From left to right: Isaac Camacho Neg~ New York, N.Y. 10003. the United States in 1983, government offi­ Maria Berrios Berrios, Luis Alfredo Coil cials denied her a visa. They claimed her <;onz8lez Claudio. Segarra, Colon, and 0

8 The Militant January 30, 1987 atic rights today "These individuals have been held in .J." he said. "They have not been con­ . victed of anything, and they may all be ac­ quitted." Iri December a federal judge set bail for some of the defendants. In some cases it was as high as $500,000 to $1 mil­ lion. Three of the defendants are still injail in Hartford.

~oomington case In 1963 three members of the Young Socialist Alliance at the University of In­ diana in Bloomington were arrested and charged with conspiring to "overthrow the State of Indiana by force and violence." The frame-up stemmed from the YSA members' activity in the civil rights move­ ment and in defense of the Cuban revolu­ .• .>n. The anticommunist witch-hunt still cast a shadow over U.S. politics in the early 1960s, and at a time when the three could not find another attorney to represent them, · Boudin and the NECLC agreed to take the case. After a vigorous legal defense and a pub­ Leonard Boudin has been involved in legal battles with government involving constitutional rights for more than four deade$. He ; campaign that won broad support has defended victims or government attack, including those smeared as ''spies" and ''terrorists." throughout the country, the charges were withdrawn in 1967. · Boudin believes that the impact on Judge important. to defend democratic rights stands in the The Bloomington case was the begin­ Griesa of actually seeing what was in the "I think the general theory is that attor­ United States today. ning of a long relationship between Boudin FBI files played a major role in the shaping neys who engage in litigation like this not Boudin replied, "Generally speaking, I and the SWP and YSA. Over the years, of the decision. Griesa is a Republican, ap­ only expend a great deal of time but are think there is a negative trend. We can as­ Boudin became de facto general counsel pointed by Richard Nixon to the bench. doing it for people who cannot pay the ex­ sume that the administration will continue for the two organizations, providing legal At a critical stage in the pretrial proceed­ traordinary expense litigation requires," he to get involved in foreign wars, and that ' 'fense in a number of cases that raised ings, Boudin recalled, there was an im­ said. will have its effects on democratic rights in questions of political rights. passe. The FBI was refusing to tum over to "Therefore public policy requires that the United States. In 1973 Boudin filed suit on behalf of the plaintiffs crucial material from its files, the government pay, and pay substantial "War and restrictions on liberties always the SWP and YSA against the FBI, CIA, claiming that to do so would violate the legal fees when it loses. The government go side by side," he said. "This is espe­ Inunigration and Naturalization Service, "informer privilege" of secrecy and ad­ pays generous legal fees to the lawyers- for cially the case when wars are unpopular. vancing other, similar arguments. Judge Griesa was not prepared to overrule the FBI, and if he had, he himself probably '' • . 0 0 d" 0 Griesa .walked into · would have been reversed by the appeals U.S. government said World Court had no JUris tcbon court. . .t'BI tiles and said, 'Mr. Boudin recommended to the SWP and and·its findings were not binding in case Nicaragua ieve what's in thos~ ides.' YSA that Griesa be urged to review the brought befor.e the court. . • • • ______,, files in private, without attorneys for the SWP and YSA present. Boudin estimated ------~------'' that the risk that Griesa would be swayed the FBI agents and other people who and other government agencies. The suit Because of the opposition to the Nicara­ by some lies concocted by the FBI about worked for the government, who commit­ ·guan war, or to what it is doing in Angola, chargG!Uhat these police agencies had vio­ the SWP and YSA was outweighed by the ted wrongs, and it would seem proper that . ed 6l::ifights of the SWP and its mem­ the government will attempt more viola­ potential effect on him of seeing for him­ the government ought to pay similarly tions of privacy, more violations of the bers sioce the early 1940s and the YSA self the raw record of the FBI's activities. large fees for attorneys for organizations since its founding in 1960. right to associate freely and to organize. The strategy paid off. that have done no wrong and have success­ "In the end, .as so many commentators The case finally went to trial in 1981 . In "I will never forget when Judge Griesa fully sued the government." 1986 Federal Judge Thomas Griesa ruled have pointed out, what happens - ·in the walked into the courtroom after having re­ He also said government misconduct fight against war as well as in the efforts to that the FBI's use of informers, disruption viewed the FBI files," Boudin said. was an issue in determining legal fees. programs, and break-ins was illegal and or­ defend democratic liberties - depends on "Of course he was barred from revealing "We have discovered through legal pro­ the mobilization of the people. If the issue dered the government to pay damages. anything about the content of the files. But ceedings and through accidents that the Though other lawsuits and various con­ of the war against Nicaragua can be ad­ he turned to me and said, 'Mr. Boudin, you government was not really honest in dressed in the way that the war against ~ssional committees in the 1970s brought would never believe what's in those files.' answering some of the written questions Vietnam was addressed, for example with to light important aspects of government He was shocked by the kind of information we gave them," he concluded. spying and disruption, Boudin told the Mil­ teach-ins on hundreds of campuses to let on legal political activity and details of per­ I asked Boudin where he thinks the fight the truth be told, then we can succeed." itant, '"ftlere will never be the kind of de­ sonal lives that the FBI was compiling." tailed, cold, study of the techniques, In his decision, Griesa emphasized that methods, and purposes of the FBI political in 40 years of spying, the FBI found no evi­ disruption programs like what was brought dence of illegal activity by the SWP or to public attention in the presentation of the YSA. Griesa said he will grant an injunc­ Drive under way to win 4,000 ~ liP and YSA case. tion restricting use of the government's il­ ''This is a picture in microcosm of how legally obtained files on the SWP and YSA the FBI and these other agencies work. I and their individual members. have read a lot of books on the intelligence Boudin believes the injunction must pre­ new sponsors lor lawsuit community and how it works. They are all vent any government agency from using superficial compared to what has been the illegally obtained files in any way. Supporters of democratic rights are cam­ the Good Lad and Blacker textile plants in learned as a result of this case," he said. "We have given Judge Griesa our paigning across the country to win 4,000 Philadelphia, which are organized by the thoughts in writing," Boudin ·continued, · new sponsors for the Political Rights De­ Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Work­ "and the government attorneys say they fense Fund (PRDF). A special emphasis is ers Union. have to go around and talk to the various being put on adding new endorsements Several new sponsors have been signed agencies they represent to see what the im­ from the labor movement. As the campaign up by PRDF supporters who are industrial plications of our proposal would be." is getting under way, supporters in several workers in the New York area. They in­ areas report a good response from cowork­ clude machinists at the Fairchild-Republic Next steps in the case ers and officers of their unions. plant on Long Island and seven rail work­ The .next step will be formal hearings PRDF raises money and organizes polit­ ers at the Metro-North rail yard. and probably legal briefs on the question of Recent new sponsors in the Midwest in­ ical support for the lawsuit the Socialist this injunction. This fight will be an impor­ Workers Party and the Young Socialist Al­ clude Ray Lineweber, Nebraska legislative tant stage in this case, Boudin believes. liance filed against illegal government spy­ director for the United Trans~rtation "If we are successful in this phase, we Union; Charles Gifford, United Auto ing and disruption. can considerably extend the impact of the Workers Iowa CAP Council head; Larry In August Federal Judge Thomas Griesa part of the decision that has already been ruled that the FBI had violated the rights of McClure, a meat-packer at the Hormel written. the SWP and YSA members and ordered plant in Ottumwa, Iowa; and farm activists "The question of what happens to files of Merle Hansen, Wayne Kling, and John the government to pay damages for its ille­ a political nature that were obtained Enestvedt. gal misconduct. through illegal means has never been ad­ In California, Jack Key and David dressed squarely by any court. As with so In Seattle, PROF backers have recently Crocker, officers of Intematiomll Associa­ MilitanUSelva many other aspects of this case, we will be signed up seven new endorsers among their tion of Machinists (lAM) Lodge 2225 en­ COl' Puerto Rican independence fighters. breaking new ground.'' coworkers in the machinists and elec­ dorsed, as did Michael Dean, committee »n, Juan Enrique Segarra Palmer, Luz After the injunction is issued, Boudin tronics unions. Altogether 35 new sponsors chairman of lAM Lodge 1781. n Osorio, Filiberto Ojeda Rios, Orlando will file a motion for the government to pay have been added there. . PROF's special sponsor campaign will eda are still in jail. attorneys' fees. He explained why this is Five new supporters were signed up at run until the beginning of March. - N.S.

January 30, 1987 The Militant 9 'Perspectiva Mundial': 10 years of telling truth to Spanish-speaking workers

BY MARTiN KOPPEL supporters began to publish the Greek-lan­ Ten yean ago, on Jan. 19, 1977, the guage Communistes and the Yiddish news­ first issue of Perspectiva Mundial rolled paper Unser Kampf(Our Struggle). There off the presses. PM is the Militant's sister were a significant number of radical­ magazine in Spanish. · minded immigrant Greek and Jewish work­ Today we ·can celebrate a victory: 10 ers at the time. Unser Kampf was distri­ years of "a socialist magazine published in buted in 15 cities . ~n the United States and the interests of the working people/' as its Canada, with . an' av.e~ge circulation of masthead states. Ten years of telling the 2,000 copies per issue. truth to Spanish-spelling workers, farm­ ers, and youth in the United.States. Transformatio~ of the working class Readers and supporters of Perspectiva In the last several decades there has been Mu.ndial recently marked this anniversary a rapid growth ()f the Spanish-spelling in a fitting way - ·by winning more than population. It now repre~nts about 20 mil­ 2,300 new subscribers to the magazine. lion, giving the ·united States the fifth This was achieved in last fall's sales drive, largest Spanish-spelling population of any which brought a total of 11 ,000 new sub­ country in the world. scriptions to PM and the Militant, going Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, and over the combined goal of 10,000. The· other Latinos are overwhelmingly part of success· was particularly outstanding in the · the working class, with large · numbers case of PM, where its supporters went over working industrial jobs; the 1 ,500 goal by more than 50 percent. They are subject to national oppression in this country, the target of discrimination What is 'Perspectiva Mundial'? in all spheres of life because of their race, In the past decade, Perspectiva Mundial culture, and language. Latinos have waged has distinguished itself by the unique con­ big struggles for bilingual and bicultural A decade of PM, the Militant's Spanish-language sister publication, was marked by tribution that it brings ·to working people education, against police brutality, and for winning 2,300 new subscribers last faD. Here PM is sold to demonstrator at October who speak Spanish. It combines t\Vo fea­ full rights for immigrants. action protesting U.S. war against Nicaragua. tures that set it apart from the big-business It is in this context that Perspectiva media. Mundial was born in 1977 as a Spanish­ periences. Most of its articles are written ruary, is a collection of on-the-scene re­ First of all, PM has shown its commit­ language voice for working people. by worker correspondents and participants ports from Vietnam and Kampuchea. ment to the truth. It tells the facts and in the struggles that are covered. Development since 1977 doesn't tailor them to fit preconceived The full-time writing staff itself is made The respect that Perspectiva Mundial ideas. And, although it doesn't have the PM has evolved and developed over its up of socialist workers who were active in has won can be measured, among other huge resources of the big-business media, 10 years of existence. In fact, it arose from their unions before working on the staff, ways, by how· widely it gets around. Over it has brought readers firsthand news from a Spanish-language section of several and who later rejoin the ranks of their co­ the last year, PM articles have been re­ around the world that is often not found pages that was published from 1974 to workers. printed in newspapers and magazines from elsewhere, such as its regular coverage of 1976 in the international newsweekly, In­ Just by leafing through the pages of past countries such as Chile, Nicaragua, Puerto the Sandinista revolution and Washing­ tercontinental Press. When Perspectiva issues, one can verify the wide range of Rico, Argentina, Uruguay, Peru, Ven­ ton's dirty war against Nicaragua. Mundial was launched in January 1977, it events and struggles that Perspectiva Mun­ ezuela, and Canada. And it has subscribers Perspectiva Mundial not only tells the resembled IP in its appearance and content. · dial has been a part of. Countless actions in in 33 U.S. states as well as in 37 other facts. It also has a point of view. While . From the beginning, PM was able to bene­ support of immigrant rights. Labor battles, countries. other newspapers pretend to be impartial fit from the resources and network of IP from the victories of the United Farm Today Perspectiva Mundial has not and actually take the side of the bosses and correspondents. Workers in California in the late '70s to the swerved from the job that, together with their government, PM openly stands on the Over the course of a few mor:tths, how­ current struggles by meat-packers in the the Militant, it has been carrying out over side of working people, both in the United ever, the magazine shifted its focus, direct­ Midwest. Demonstrations for the right to the past 10 years: telling the truth. States. .and internationally. ing itself primarily to Spanish-speaking abortion and equal rights for women. Pro­ With the help of its readers and support­ While Perspectiva Mundial's existence working people in the United States. And it tests against U.S. military intervention in ers, it will continue to do so. is relatively brief, it is part of a longer his­ developed a format and style of its own. Central America, the Middle East, and In­ tory. Its roots are in the Militant, which has In the fall of 1977, based on the excel­ dochina. The movement for a free South been spreading the truth and the working­ Martfn Koppel is the editor ofPerspectiva lent response already won, supporters of Africa. Telling the truth about the Polish Mundial. class perspective since it started publishing Perspectiva Mundial launched . the workers' fight for democratic rights. in 1928. magazine's first sales campaign, with a The U.S. working class has always spo­ goal of 500 subscriptions. Twice that News bureau in Managua ken a variety of languages. Because of this, number were sold. There is another important reason for 15,000 protest Ariz. revolutionary workers here have put out Since then, Perspectiva Mundial has publishing Perspectiva Mundial. TOday governor's rescinding newspapers in various languages at differ­ been striving to establish itself more and there is a new convergence of revolution­ ent times. In 1932, for example, Militant more in the U.S. working class and its ex- ary forces worldwide, especially in Central ofKing holiday America and the Caribbean. Revolution­ aries in Cuba and Nicaragua are mlling a BY ELEN LAUPER Do you know someone who reads Spanish? gigantic contribution to the process of forg­ AND BARBARA GREENWAY ing a leadership of workers and farmers in­ PHOENIX, Ariz.- About 15,000 peo­ ternationally. ple marched here January 19 to protest Gov :­ For many, 'PM' is indispensable This is why one of Perspectiva Mun­ Evan Mecham's decision to rescind the state dial' s proudest achievements is the news holiday honoring Martin Luther King, Jr. bureau it has shared with the Militant in "We came to protest Mecham's deci­ It was 10 years ago, on January Managua, Nicaragua, since the triumph of sion," said AI Richardson, one of 50 mem­ 19, that the first issue of Perspec­ the Sandinista revolution in July 1979. bers of International Association of tiva Mundial appeared. PM reporters have found that the Machinists Local 933 from Tucson. "We PM has brought the truth to magazine, because of its truthful reporting are all going to be docked a day's pay but Spanish-speaking working people Alto a Ia guerra sucia and its support to the Nicaraguan people, we don't care. It's worth it to be here." in the United States for a decade. de EU contra Nicaragua practically serves as their second passport During the rally that· concluded the That is not an unimportant task into the country. march, petitions containing 50,000 signa­ in a country with the fifth largest suo.4Ric.A ~ For more than seven years, the Managua tures demanding the King holiday were Spanish-speaking population in RJ bulca '· correspondents have been giving firsthand presented to Joe Lane, speaker of the state the world. Today Perspectiva ...... reports on the CIA-directed war. They House of Representatives. Mundial has subscribers in 33 ..~ have consistently told about the example The demand for a state holiday on King's birthday has had wide support from Black states in the U.S., as well as in 37 PERU that Nicaraguan workers and farmers have other countries. c...-. set by making a revolution and establishing rights, labor, and other organizations. In For many people PM is the only luc:lal par Ia a government that represents their inter­ 1986 a proposal to _establish the holiday source to follow closely the class C:t. ests. failed by one vote in the state legislature. struggles in the United States, in­ .....-. Perspectiva Mundial has published Following the vote then-governor Bruce cluding such important develop­ speeches and articles by the Sandinista and Babbitt, a Democrat, exercised his execu­ tive authority to proclaim the holiday. 10 anos de 'Per~pectiva Mundial' Cuban revolutionaries and by other fighters ments as the meat-packers' fight. Mecham, a Republican, was elected And with a bureau in Managua it in Central America, the Caribbean, and Latin America. This has helped establish a governor last November. Later that month offers full, firsthand coverage of Subscriptions: $7 for one year; dialogue with Spanish-spelling people in he met with church officials and others to the Nicaraguan revolution. $4 for six months; Introductory this country. And it brings the struggles of inform them of his decision to rescind the The January issue features an offer, $2.00 for five months. U.S. working people to our readers in holiday. "I'm not here to argue, debate, or article about the history and lega­ 0 Begin my · sub with cqrrent Latin America. discuss; I've made up my mind. I have cy of PM, as well as excerpts from issue. Perspectiva Mundial's reports have also other things in mind for Blacks." issl,les over the past 10 years. provided material for a series of· educa­ Mecham argues that King was not as im­ Perspectiva Mundial is the Name ------­ tional pamphlets. Over the past few years, portant a figure as Washington and Lincoln Pathfinder Press has published pamphlets and should not have a holiday dedicated to Spanish-language socialist maga­ Address ------­ him. · zine that every month brings you - based on articles reprinted from PM ­ the truth about the struggles of City/State/Zip ------­ on the freedom struggles in South Africa As the protests multiplied, Mecham's stand became more blatant. On January 18 working people and the oppressed Clip and mail to PM, 410 West St., and El Salvador, the Grenada revolution, the fight for abortion rights, and a speech he warned of a backlash against Blacks. in the U.S. and around the world. New York, NY 10014. by Nicaraguan leader Tomas Borge on the "When that day comes, when the majority struggle for women's liberation. The most says, 'We won't take it any more,' I fear recent such pamphlet, to appear in Feb- for Blacks," he said. -

18 The Militant . Jaaury 30, 1987 Feds crack down on Indian treaty fishing rights

BY JOHN CHARBONNET prison in Sandstone, Minnesota. PORTLAND, Ore.-The U.S. govern­ No non-Indian has ever received more ment's long waron Native American treaty than a fine for the same charges. In Sep­ fishing rights in the Pacific Northwest tember 1986, at the same time the Sohap­ dramatically escalated in 1986. pys were being imprisoned, the largest _sei­ At the same time the U.S. Bureau ofln­ zure of illegal salmon in history occurred. dian Affairs ifitensified its efforts to evict A Taiwan-based ocean fishing company Indian families living on the Columbia was found with 3. 5 million pounds. of ille­ River from their homes. gal salmon. The company was given a fme A federal and state government sting op­ on a civil, not a criminal, charge. eration begun in 1981 and code-named "sal­ In June 1986 David Sohappy, Sr., was mon scam" has put nine Columbia River able to attend the annual conference of the Indians in federal prisons for jail terms of International Indian Treaty Council (IITC) up to five years on charges of illegal fish­ at Big Mountain, Arizona, to report on his ing. case. The IITC has petitioned the Organi­ Starting with a 1982 SWAT team inva­ zation of American States Inter-American sion of Cook's Landing on the Columbia Human Rights Commission to demand that River' 75 Indian people have been arrested the U.S. government free the jailed In­ for "poaching." Nineteen men and women dians. were tried .in federal court. Thirteen were In February Myra Sohappy, David convicted of felonies, with nine receiving Sohappy's wife, is scheduled to address prison terms of one to five years. In late Amnesty International in Geneva, Switzer­ June 1986 the U.S. Supreme Court refused land, to urge it to declare her husband a po­ . Jacqueline Moreau to review the convictions. litical prisoner. David Sohappy, Sr., has fought two decades for his people's right to fish the North­ The Indians were convicted under the west's Columbia River. He bas been given a five-year term in federal prison. Lacey Amendments to the Black Bass Act Homes threatened passed by Congress in 1981. This legisla­ Myra Sohappy is also one of those another one of the nine serving prison tion. tion provides for federal felony prosecution whose homes on the Columbia River at terms, to return to the Yakima reservation The Yakima tribal prosecutor · im­ of those violating tribal and state fish and Cook's Landing are threatened with demo­ to stand trial. The prison officials, who mediately condemned the decision as "po­ wildlife regulations. lition by the U.S. Bureau oflndian Affairs' acted under federal government direction, litical" and announced that the tribe would 1984 eviction order. The Sohappys' small, claimed they feared a violent confronta- press for their transfer. Treati~ wooden home, where nine family members Treaties signed in 1855 by the U.S. gov­ live, defies the media image of the sup­ ernment and the Yakima, Umatilla, and posedly profitable "salmon scam." Warm Springs Indians reserved the right of Cook's Landing was created in the Indian people to continue fishing in their 1930s to temporarily replace 37 traditional - . WORLD NEWS BRIEFS-- traditional manner along the Columbia fishing villages flooded by the construction want free and fair elections." Four of River. of the Bonneville Dam. The Army Corps One-day stri){e them were arrested. But over the years, capitalist develop­ of Engineers promised residents their vil­ shuts down Greece ment, environmental destruction, and the lages would be rebuilt. Fifty years later, its Release demanded for growth of a commercial fishing industry answer is eviction. The residents of Cook's Up to 2 million Greek workers walked drastically reduced the supply of fish. Landing and Underwood have filed suit off their jobs in a one-day strike January S. Korean journalists against the evictions, delaying them until Today, the big majoritY of salmon is 15 to protest the government's austerity Three South Korean journalists - caught by ocean trollers, which intercept sometime this year. policies. . Kim Tae Hong, Shin Hong Born; and;__ At a recentMilitant LabOr Forum in the mature fish before they are able to mi­ Public transportation, trains, and Kim Ju Eon - were arrested in De­ grate back to fresh water upriver to spawn. Portland, Brad Buvinger of the Columbia ships came to a virtual standstill, as did cember for exposing a government cam­ This leaves an inadequate supply of fish for River Defense Project described the much of the country's air traffic. Public paign to censor the press. They could Indians as well as upriver non-Indian small threatened evictions as the culmination of services and industrial production were face up to seven years in prison under "a 130-year policy by the federal and state fishing boat owners and sport fishing. seriously hampered, and many banks the National Security Act. Amnesty In­ governments to evict Native Americans In 1979 Columbia River tribes filed suit and stores closed their doors. ternational and the Committee to Protect living along the Columbia River." against the Pacific Fishery Management It was the largest strike in Greece Journalists have issued appeals for their He explained that the government wants Council of the Department of Commerce, since the Socialist Party government of release. to limit Indian residency to the Yakima, demanding that it regulate the ocean trol­ Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou The threejournalists were involved in lers more strictly. Umatilla, and Warm Springs reservations, came to power in 1981. Papandreou' s publishing a list of daily directives from Soon after, the National Marine which are miles from the river. Indians austerity program, in effect since Oc­ the Information Ministry to newspapers Fisheries Services (NMFS), another could then only commute to the river dur­ tober 1985, has held wage increases well in Seoul, the South Korean capital, in­ agency of the Commerce Department, ing very limited "fishing seasons," making below the inflation rate: structing them not to report on a range of it impossible to survive economically and began its undercover investigation on the topics. These included issues such as the Columbia River. continue their traditional way of living. torture of imprisoned activist Kim Keun Marilyn James, an Okanogan-Chesaw The NMFS 's supposed motive was the Shultz chides, lauds Tae and the deaths by self-immolation of "disappearance" of 40,000 Chinook sal­ representing the Northwest Big Mountain two antigovernment protesters. mon during a regular count at the McNary Support Group, urged the forum, "Come Liberian dictatorship Dam, presumably lost to "poachers,.'' Only and see the pitiful shack that David and after the "salmon scam" trial did govern­ Myra call home." U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz Suriname expels· ment officials admit that flouride pollution Speaking of the Native Americans' tra­ wound up his recent six-country tour of from an aluminum smelter at Goldendale, ditional respect for the environment, she Mrica January 14 in Liberia. · He had Dutch ambassador Washington, had caused the fish to spawn pointed out that "Indians have been shout­ both stem scoldings and warm praise for early downstream. ing about Hanford [nuclear reservation] for the governing dictatorship of Gen. The government of Suriname on Janu­ years. They're catching mutated fish." Samuel Doe, who came to power in a. ary 10 asked the Dutch ambassador to Historically, state and federal govern­ 1980 coup and has enjoyed considerable leave within two weeks, accusing the ment officials have manipulated the issue Tribal jurisdiction U.S. support since then. · Dutch authorities of backing rightist of "conservation" by charging that Indian In a new development in the case, the Shultz warned that the regime "must rebel forces seeking to topple the fishing endangered the supply of fish at the Yakima Tribal Court has decided it has make changes in its economic policies." Surinamese regime. A South American expense of small operators and sport fish­ legal jurisdiction over five of the impris­ Washington has withheld $10 million in country of 400,000, Suriname was a ing. Many working people were taken in oned Indians, who are Yakima. . economic aid and $5 million in military 'Dutch colony untii 1975. by this argument that rnade Indians the But if the tribal court finds them inno­ aid because the Liberian government is In response to the political stands scapegoats for the declining supply of fish. cent, there will be a confrontation between in arrears on its debt payments. The In­ taken by the Surinamese government of - In 1984 Initiative 456 narrowly passed in tribal and federal authority. ternational Monetary Fund has also fro­ Col. Desi Bouterse, which came to Washington state. Patently unconstitu­ The "salmon scam" indictments were zen loans to the country. power in 1980, the Dutch authorities cut off the $100 million a year in economic tional, it called on the state to override fed­ highly selective, suggesting that the federal Although Shultz considered Doe's au­ assistance they had been providing. eral court rulings recognizing Indian treaty government was holding the threat of fur­ sterity policies deficient, he was full of Washington also suspended its econom­ fishing rights. ther indictments over the heads of tribal praise for the Liberian regime's political ic aid. council members if they interfered with the record. "There is freedom of the press Since mid-1986, rightist military Fishing rights activists prosecution by holding a tribal trial. here," Shultz proclaimed, -"there is an forces have been attacking towns and Most of the jailed Indians are fishing Recently, supporters of the Sohappys opposition, there are no political prison­ economic targets in eastern Suriname, rights activists. They include David defeated three longtime Yakima tribal ers." Sohappy, Sr., a 61-year-old Yakima elder council members as part of a drive to press operating from bases in the neighboring and a central leader of Native American for tribal action in the case. This brought prompt protests from French colony of Guy~e. They have fishing rights' struggles dating back to the Of the nine Indians sentenced to prison, Liberian political activists, who cited caused considerable damage. "fish-ins" of the mid-1960s in the North­ two Yakimas, Wilbur Slockish and.Leroy massacres carried out by Doe's troops, The Bouterse government has accused west. In 1969 Sohappy won a landmark Yocash, refused to surrender to federal tt:te closing down of newspapers, exten­ the Dutch, French, and U.S. govern- · court victory against the state of Oregon, marshals and for more than five months stve ·electoral fraud, and the detentions ments of funding and advising these Sohappy v. Smith, which ruled the state they have been hidden on the Yakima re­ of political critics. counterrevolutionaries. Villagers who must regulate fishing by non-Indians to as­ servation in southern Washington by sym­ In fact, as Shultz arrived in the coun­ had been kidnapped by the rebel forces, sure. tribes a "fair and equitable" share of pathetic tribal members. try, demonstrators turned out along the and subsequently escaped, have reported the fish. In early January, Sandstone prison offi­ route from the airport with signs read­ the presence of U.S. and French mer­ Sohappy and his son, David, Jr., have cials announced they would not allow the ing, "Power to the people" and "We cenaries among them. been serving five-year terms at the federal Sohappys and Matthew McConville,

January 30, 1987 The Militant 11 - -CALENDAR--~------CALIFORNIA ALABAMA Baltimore Urban League; Geralyn Grandison, 8th St. and 6th Ave ..Donation: $2. Ausp: Park president of Stop Teenage Pregnancy; Marla Slope Forum. For more information call (718) Los Angeles Birmingham Puziss, health care worker; Young Socialist Al­ 499-1167. Celebration of the 75th Anniversary of Direct from Nicaragua: U.S. Government liance. Sat., Jan. 24, 7:;ro p.m. 2913 Green­ the Founding of the African National Lies Exposed. Speaker: Theresa Delgadillo, Manhattan mount Ave. Donation: $2. Ausp: Militant Labor Congress of South Africa. Hear Oliver national leader of Young Socialist Alliance just The Freedom Struggle in the Caribbean and Forum. For more information call (301) 235- Tambo, president of the ANC. Transla­ . returned from fact-finding tour of Nicaragua; Central America Today. Speaker: Don Rojas, 0013. tion to Spanish. Mon. , Feb. 2, 7 p.m. George Paris, field staff representative for the press secretary to murdered Grenadian Prime Trinity Baptist Church, 2040 W Jeffer­ Southern Federation of Fann Cooperatives, re­ MASSACHUSETTS Minister Maurice Bishop, member of Coordi­ son Blvd. Ausp: Coalition of Black cent participant in Highlander School's Black nating Committee of the Anti-Imperialist Or­ Trade Unionists, Free South Africa fanners' tour of Nicaragua. Sat., Jan. 24, 7 Boston . . ganizations of the Caribbean and Central Amer­ Movement, International Ladies' Gar­ p.m. 1306 1st Ave. N. Donation requested. The U.S. Farm Crisis. Speaker: Blirbara Si­ ica. Sat., Jan. 24, 7:30p.m. Columbia Univer­ ment Workers' Union locals 55, 84, 96, Ausp: Militant Labor Forum .. For more infor­ mons, Socialist Workers Party. Translation to sity's St. Paul's Chapel (enter campus at I 16th 97, 482, and 512; California Democratic mation call (205)323-3079. Spanish. Sat., Jan. 31 , 7:30p.m. 107 Brighton St. and Broadway). For more information call Council, Southern Christian Leadership Ave., Allston. Donation: $2. Ausp: Militant (212) 713-5139. Conference, TransAfrica, Southern Af­ CALIFORNIA Labor Forum. For more information call .(617) Abortion: A Woman's Right to Choose. rica Support Committee, and others. Los Angeles . 787-0275. ,;r. Speaker8: Moira Morissey, National Abortion Contragate: Behind the Government Crisis. Rights Action League; Carol Burke, Socialist · WASHINGTON, D.C. Speaker: Fred Halstead, author of Out Now! A MINNESOTA Workers Party, Translation to Spanish. Fri., Amandla. Come Celebrate the 75th Participant's View ofthe Movement Against the St. Paul Jan. 30, 7:30 p.m. 79 Leonard St. Donation: Anniversary of the ·African National Vietnam War, leader of Socialist Workerii Book reception for Nothing ·Can Stop the $2. Ausp: Militant Labor Forum/Foro Perspec­ Congress of South Africa. Speaker: rep­ Party. Translation to Spanish. Sat., Jan; 31, Course ofHJstory. ·Meet Dr. Jeffrey M. Elliot, tiva Mundial. For more information call (212) resentative of the National Executive 7:30 p.m. 2546 W Pico Blvd. (nr. Vermont). who conducted interview with Fidel Castro on 226-8445. Committee of the ANC. Sat., Jan. 24. Donation: $2. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more which book is based. Slideshow on Cuba today Reception, 6 p.m.; program, 7:15 p.m. information call (213) 380-9460. presented by Maggie Perrier. Sat., Jan. 24. NORTH CAROLINA All Souls Unitarian Church, 16th and Cuban dinner, 6:30p.m.; reception, 7:30p.m. Greensboro Harvard streets NW. Donation re­ Oakland Donation: dinner, $3; reception, $2. Ausp: Mil­ Uniollists and the Fight Against War: Why Martin Luther King and the Struggle for quested. Ausp: ANC 75th Anniversary itant Forum. For more iilformation call (612) Committee. For more information call Workers in Plants Should Oppose Workers' Rights. Video: I Am a Man. Speak­ "Defense" 644-6325. Washington's War Drive. Panel of trade ers to be announced. Sun., Feb. I, 5 p.m: 2219 (301) 350-4323. The Coming Revolution in South A unionists. Sat., Feb. 7, 8 p.m. Hyatt Regency Africa. E Market St. Donation: $2. Ausp: Militant class series sponsored by the Young Socialist Hotel, 1100 Broadway. Donation: $3. Ausp: Labor Foruni. For more information call (919) Militant Labor Forum. For more information Alliance. 272-5996. Forum. For 'more information call (412) 362- The Liberation Struggle in South Africa. call (415) 261-3014. Racism in the Greensboro Schools. Sat., Feb. 6767. Sun., Jan. 25, 4 p.m. 7, 7 p.m. 2219 E Market St. OQnation: $2. San Diego The Anti-apartheid Movement Here and Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For more infor­ UTAH EI Salvador: An Eyewitness Report. Abroad. What Way Forward? Sun., Feb. 1, 4 mation call (919) 272-5996. Salt Lake City Slideshow and presentation on recent In Search p.m. . . The Politic:al Legacy of Malcolm X. Vid~o The Fight tor Civil Rights From Montgom­ of Peace Conference in San Salvador. Speaker: Classes held at 508 N Snelling Ave. For more showing and presentation. Sun., -Feb. 22, 5 ery to Howard Beach. A panel discussion. Seth Galinsky, Socialist Workers Party, mem­ information call (612) 644-6325. p.m. 2219 E Market St ~ DOnation: $2. Ausp: Translation to Spanish. Sat., Jan. 31, 7:30p.m. ber International Ladies' Gannent Workers' How to Solve the U.S. Farm Crisis. Panel dis­ Militant Labor Forum. For more information 767 S State, 3rd floor. Donation: $2. Ausp: Mil­ Union Local 482. Translation to Spanish. Sat., cussion. Speakers: Maggie McCraw, Socialist call (919) 272-5996. · itant Forum. For more information·call (801) Jan. 24, 7:30 p.m. 2803 B St. Donation: $2. Workers Party, member United Food and Com­ 355-1124. Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For more infor­ mercial Workers Local 789; others. Sat., Jan. mation call (619) 234-4630. 31, 7:30p.m. 508 N Snelling. Donation: $2. omo VIRGINIA Ausp: Militant Forum. For more infoimation GEORGIA Cincinnati Newport News call (612) 644-6325. The Fight Against Israeli Occupation of the Reagan's mega! 'Contra' Connection: The Atlanta West Bank. Speakers to be announced. Sat., Stake for Working People in the Iran Arms Lepq of the Civil Rights Movement and the MISSOURI Feb. 1, 7 p.m. 4945 Paddock Rd. Donation: $2. Deal. Speakers: Theresa Delgadillo, National Fight Against Racism Today. A panel discus­ Kansas City Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For more infor­ Committee, Young Socialist Alliance; John sion. Sat., Jan. 31, 7:30 p.m. 132 Cone St. The Fight for Women's Rights Today. A mation call (513) 242-7161. Dommisse, M.D., South African exile; Jack NW. 2nd floor. Donation: $2.50. · Ausp: Mili­ panel discussion. Speakers: Marcia .Gallo, Cleveland· Sherman, chair, Peninsula Peace Education tant Labor Foruril. For more information call Socialist Workers Party candidate for mayor, Center; Minister Raflk Zaidi, Portsmouth Con­ (404) 577-4065. .. The Struggle Against the Pinocbet Dictator­ member United Auto Worlcers Local 31; others. ship. A film showing of the Chilean Connection cerned Citizens. Sun., Feb. 1, 7:30 p.,m. 5412 'Sun., Jan. 25, 7 p.m. 4725 Troost. Donation: and remarks by representatives of the Cleveland Jefferson Ave. Donation: $3. Ausp: Militant ILLINOIS $2. Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For niore in­ Chilean Solidarity Committee. Sat., Jan. 31, Labor Forum. For more information call (804) formation call (816) 753-0404. Chicago 7:30 p.m. 2521 Market Ave. Donation: $2. 380-0133. Stop Racist Attacks! The Truth Behind the · St. Louis Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For more infor­ Howard Beach Killing. Speakers to be an­ Jan1aica: Eyewitness· Account of Underde­ mation call (216) 861-6150. WASIDNGTON Spanish. Sat., Jl, ~~' .T~lation . to J~ . velopment~ Speaker:Ted Kayser, member of Toledo _ Seattle ~p?nt:· 345~ MichigarrAve: DOriation: $2. Nicaragua! A Report Back and Slidesbow United Auto Workers I..Ocat 2250. Sat.; lim. War on Drugs: . An Invasion of Privacy. Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For more infor­ 31, 7 p.m. 4907 Martin Luther King Dr. Dona­ from a Coffee Brigade Participant. Speaker: mation call (312) 326-5853. Speakers: Gerry Daley, labor lawyer with tion: $2. Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For more American Civil Liberties Union; Julius Snipper, Dean Peoples, SocialistWorkers Party. Sat., Jan. 24, 7:30p.m. 5517 Rainier AveS. Dona­ KENTUCKY information call (314) 361-0250: Socialist Workers Party. Sat., Jan. 31, 7 p.m. 1701 W Bancroft St. Donation: $2. Ausp: Mil­ tion: $2. Ausp: Militant Labor Forum.· For more information call (206) 723-5330. . Louisville NEW JERSEY itant Forum. For more information call (419) Protest Attacks at Howard Beach and at 536-0383. Home. Speakers: Phil Stewart, Socialist Work­ Newark WEST VIRGINIA ers Party; Mattie Jones, chair Kentucky Al­ Protest Racist Lym:hing in Howard Beach. Charleston liance Against Racist and Political Repression. Speakers: Rev. Arthur Jones, St. Mark's AME OREGON Defending Abortion Rights. A panel discus­ Sat., Jan. 24, 7:30p.m. 809 E Broadway. Do­ Church; Quentin Smith, African Heritage; Mike sion. Sun., Jan. 25, 7 p.m. 116 McFarland St. Shur, Socialist Workers Party, member Interna­ Portland nation: $2.50. Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For Report Back from Central American Strug­ Donation: $2. Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For more information call (502) 587-8418. tional Union of Electronic Workers Local431. more information call (304) 345-3040. Translation to Spanish. Sat., Jan. 31,7:30 p.m. gles. Speakers: Dave Worthington, president Painters Union Local724; Robert Scafe, Young 141 Halsey St. Donation: $2. Ausp: Militant Morgantown LOUISIANA Socialist Alliance, student at Roosevelt High Labor Forum. For more information call (201) South Africa: the Fight Against Apartheid. A New OrleanS School. Sat., Jan. 31, 7:30 p.m. 2732 NE 643-3341. panel discussion. Sat., Jan. 24, 7:30 p.m. 221 Abortion Is a Woman's Right! How to De­ Union. Donation: $2. Ausp: Militant Labor Pleasant St. Donation: $2. Ausp: Militant Labor fend It. Panel discussion. Sat., Jan. 24, 7:30 Forum. For more information call (503) 287- Forum. For more information call (304) 296- p.m. 3640 Magazine St. Donation: $2. Ausp: NEW YORK 7416. 0055. Militant Labor Forum. For more information Brooklyn call (504) 895-1961. Grenada, the Aftermath: Current Carib­ PENNSYLVANIA WISCONSIN bean and Central American Freedom Strug­ MARYLAND Pittsburgh Milwaukee gles. Speaker: Don Rojas, former press secre­ Imperialism vs. Revolution in the Middle Haiti Today. Film, Reason to Flee. Speakers: BaltitnOI'e tary to Grenada's murdered Prime Minister East. Speaker: Barry Sheppard, Socialist Patrick Bellegard-Smith, Haitian professor. Bill Roe v. Wafkand the Fight for Reproductive Maurice Bishop, member of Coordinating Workers Party, recently returned from trip to Is­ Breihan, Socialist Workers Party. Sat., Jan. 24, Rights Today: What the DiScussion of Teen- · Committee, Anti-Imperialist Organizations of rael, also eyewitness to 1979 insurrection in 7:30p.m. 4707 W Lisbon Ave. Donation: $2. age Pregnancy Is About. Speakers: Richard the Caribbean and Central America. Tues., Jan. Iran. Sat., Jan. 24, 7:30 p.m. 402 N Highland Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For more infor­ Rowe, director of health and human resources, 27, 7:30 p.m. Park Slope Methodist Church, Ave. Donation: $2. Ausp: Militant Labor mation call (414) 445-2076. -IF YOU LIKE THIS PAPER, LOOK US UP------Where to find the Socialist Workers Party, GEORGIA: Atlanta: SWP,YSA, 132 Cone NEBRASKA: Omaha: SWP, YSA, 140 S. Berkman Dr. Zip: 78752. Tel. (512) 452-3923. Young Socialist Alliance, and Pathfmder St. NW, 2nd Floor. Zip: 30303. Tel: (404) 577- 40th St.'Zip: 68131. Tel: (402) 553-0245. Dallas: SWP, YSA, 336 W. Jefferson. Zip: bookstores. 4065. NEW JERSEV: Newark: SWP, YSA, 141 75208. Tel: (214) 943-5195. Houstpn: SWP, ILLINOIS: Chicago: SWP, YSA, 3455 S. Halsey. Zip: 07102. Tel: (201) 643-334 1. YSA, 4806 Almeda. Zip: 77004. Tel: (713) ALABAM-\: Birming...... : SWP, YSA, Michigan Ave. Zip: 60616. Tel: (312) 326- NEW YORK: Capital District (Albany): 522~8054 . 1306 1st Ave. N. Zip: 35203. Tel: (205) 323- 5853 or 326-5453. SWP, YSA, 114E Quail St. Zip: 12206. Tel: UTAH: Price: SWP, YSA, 23 S. Carbon 3079. KENTUCKY: Louisville: .SWP, YSA, 809 (5 18) 434-3247. New York: SWP, YSA, 79 Ave. , Suite 19, P.O. Box 758. Zip: 84501. Tel: ARIZONA: Phoenix: SWP, YSA, 1809 W. E. Broadway. Zip: 40204. Tel: (502) 587-8418. Leonard St. Zip: 10013. Tel: (212) 219-3679 or (801) 637-6294. Salt Lake City: SWP, YSA, Indian School Rd. Zip: 85015. Tel: (602) 279- LOUISIANA: New Orleans: SWP, YSA, 925-1668. Pathfinder Books; 226-8445. 767 S. State, 3rd floor. Zip: 84lll. Tel: (801) 5850. 3640 Magazine St. Zip: 70115. Tel: (504) 895- NORTH CAROLINA: Greensboro: SWP, 355-1124. CALIFORNIA: Los Angeles: SWP, 1961. YSA, 2219 E Market. Zip: 27401. Tel: (919) VIRGINIA: Tidewater Area (Newport YSA, 2546 W. Pico Blvd. Zip: 90006. Tel: MARYLAND: Baltimore: SWP, YSA, 272-5996. News): SWP, YSA, 5412 Jefferson. Ave. Zip (213) 380-9460. Oakland: . SWP, YSA, 2913 Greenmount Ave. Zip: 21218. Tel: (301) OIDO: Cincinnati: SWP, YSA, 4945 Pad­ 23605. Tel: (804) 380-0133. · . , 3808 E 14th St. Zip: 94601. Tel: (415) 261- 235-0013. dock Rd. Zip: 45237. Tel: (513) 242-7161. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP, YSA, 3106 3014. San Diego: SWP, YSA, 2803 B St. MASSACHUSETTS: ,Boston: SWP, YSA, Cleveland: SWP, YSA, 2521 Market Ave. Zip: Mt. Pleasant St. NW. Zip: 20010. Tel: (202) Zip: 92102. Tel: (619) 234-4630. San Fran• 107 Brighton A ve., 2nd floor, Allston. Zip: 44113. Tel: (216) 861-6150. Columbus: YSA, 797-7699, 797-7021. cisco: SWP, YSA, 3284 23rd St. Zip: 02134. Tel: (617) 787-0275. P.O. Box 02097. Zip: 43202. Toledo: SWP, WASHINGTON: Seattle: SWP, YSA, 94110. Tel: (415) 282-6255. San Jose: MICIDGAN: Detroit: SWP, YSA, 2135 YSA, 1701 W Bancroft St. Zip: 43606. Tel: 5517 Rainier Ave. South. Zip: 98118. Tel: SWP, YSA, 46lf2 Race St. Zip: 95126. Tel: Woodward Ave. Zip:48201. Tel: (313)961-0395. (419) 536-0383. (206) 723-5330. (408) 998-4007. MINNESOTA: Twin Cities: SWP, YSA, OREGON: Portland: SWP, YSA, 2732 NE WEST VIRGINIA: Charleston: SWP, COLOR.,ADO: Denver: SWP, YSA, 25 W. 508 N. Snelling Ave., St. Paul. Zip: 55104. Tel: Union. Z ip: 97212. Tel: (503) 287-7416. YSA, 116 McFarland St. Zip: 25301 ; Tel: (304) 3rd Ave. Zip: 80223. Tel: (303) 698-2550 , (612) 644-6325. PENNSYLVANIA:. Philadelphia: SWP, 345-3040. Morgantown: SWP, · YSA, 221 FLORIDA:, Miami: SWP, YSA,l37 NE MISSOURI: Kansas City: SWP, YSA, YSA, 2744 Germantown Ave. Zip: .1 9133. Tel: Pleasant St. Zip: 26505 . . Tel: (304) 296- 54th St. Mailing address: P.O. Box 370486. 4725 Troost. Zip: 64110. Tel: (816) 753- (215) 225-0213. Pittsburgh: SWP, YSA, 402 0055. Zip: 331 37. Tel: (305) 756-1020. Tallahassee: 0404. St. Loui'l: SWP, YSA, 4907 Martin N. Highland Ave. Zip: 15206. Tel: (412) 362c WISCONSIN: Milwaukee: SWP, YSA, YSA, P.O. Box 20715. Zip: 32316. Tel: (904) Luther King Dr. Zip: 63113. Tel: (314) 361- 6767. 4707 W. Lisbon Ave. Zip: 53208, Tel: (414) 222-4434. 0250. . TEXAS: Austin: YSA, c/o Mike Rose, 7409 445-2076. '

1l TheMiBtant January 30, 1987· -THE GREAT SOCIETY--...... ______,______

How unreasonable can they police chief in Brunswick, Maine, planes and limos, and a king-size one of them." - Wall Street Jour­ flavored" ice cream, bears a warn­ get? - An AP dispatch on the urged his subordinates to forgo the boat. This adds up to living ex­ nal reporter R. Foster Winans, ing that its 2 percent alcohol con­ new Nicaraguan constitution re­ customary four-letter words in penses of $250,000 a day. More­ who was convicted in an insider tent "may have an effect on those ports that, .among other things, favor of such expletives as over, he recently had to settle a trading deal. individuals whose alcohol con­ "Critics say the constitution ... "golly," ''gee," or even "shucks." back-pay strike by 60 servants in sumption must be restricted." The apparently sober officer Spain. We could pass the bat- "I Meanwhile, · promo literature says added, "People think police are can't even afford one of my own an eminent pharmacologist as­ something next to God. They Esthete - ''I'm an artist with tubs. But I can make a lot of sures the stuff "does not pose a don't expect us to get upset and my wealth," says Khashoggi. money selling them." - Michael problem for children." swear." Funny, our neighborhood pick­ Sprague, a California entrepreneur pocket says he's an artist too. specializing in custom-made The Just Society - In 1985, a $15,000 wood-and-brass tubs. Not to worry - A think piece Harry superrich family - annual take of Promises - "We are at the in the Washington Post about the Ring over $500,000- paid 25 percent point where God could call Oral Pocket stufl'er - Buy a fur recent strike wave in France as­ less of its income in state and local Roberts home." The evangelist coat at Lansky's in Phoenix sures, "Such divisions in French taxes than a family with an income warning his TV audience he might (''basic" fur jackets start at society have surfaced periodically of less than $7,600. die if they didn't each send in $1 ,995) and for an extra $110 since the Capetian dynasty was authorizes only one army, the San­ $100. they'll whip up a cute little mink founded on July 3, 987." dinista Popular Army, to exist in bear to go with it. the country." Problems, problems - Adnan Sounds reaSonable- "It had Khashoggi, middleman iQ the Iran occurred to me that a whole lot of A thought - Could that Post Think you've heard every­ arms deal, has to maintain 12 es­ people were making a whole lot of Sure, give the kid a belt -:­ correspondent in Paris. have been thing?~ Richard Mears, deputy tates around the world, a fleet of money on Wall Street and I wasn't Sweet Creams, the spiked "adult hitting a quart of Sweet Creams? Coalition begins building Calif. antiwar action

Continued from front page cities against Washington's backing for the coalition. It was overwhelmingly adopted. contra war and the apartheid regime in Lannon emphasized the connection be­ South Africa. tween the U.S. government's foreign pol­ One hundred and fifty demonstrators icy and escalating attacks on unions and turned out in Los Angeles January 11 to de­ working people in this country. mand an end to Washington's dirty war The meeting was attended by representa­ against Nicaragua. Organized on one day's tives of local coalitions and solidarity or­ notice, the protest was held outside the Los ganizations from Los Angeles, San Jose, Angeles Federal·Building at the same time Sacramento, Denver, Phoenix, Seattle, as backers of the contra war were rallying and Portland. there. Don White addressed the meeting as a In Cleveland January 10, some 65 representative of the committee in Los people joined a march and rally protesting Angeles that organized a demonstration of the latest crackdown on democratic rights 10,000 last fall against the U.S. war in in South Africa and Washington's aid to Central America. He reported that the Los the contras. Angeles coalition had voted the previous In Toronto 200 attended a January 16 night to. endorse the April 25 march and program on the governmental crisis in the rally and to bring people from all over United States. The Nicaraguan ambassador Southern California to the San Francisco to Canada spoke at the event. Participants action. were urged to attend the Washington, The Mobilization for Peace, Jobs and D.C., demonstration on April 25 . Justice has opened an office at ILWU At the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Local 6, 255 Ninth St., in San Francisco. in Florida, 4,500 activists from many dif­ Work committee meetings will be held ferent states, incl\lding a substantial there on January 24. For more information number of college students, demonstrated call (415) 626-8053. January 17 against the Pentagon's testing Militant/Stu Singer Meanwhile, protests continued in other of the new Trident 2 missile. Antiwar demonstration in Dubuque, Iowa, January 10. Local actions in many areas point to potential for Apri125 protests in D.C. and San Francisco. Delegation visits Nicaragua -10 AND 25 YEARS AGO--- delegation held a several hour discussion Continued from front page alty will stand forth ever more clearly as a with leaders of the Nicaraguan government 2. The U.S. government should resume THE MILITANT weapon against working-class militants. bilateral talks with Nicaragua, and obey the and Sandinista National Liberation Front. June 1986 ruling of the World Court by They then departed for the next stop on ending its aggression against Nicaragua. their tour, Guatemala. January 28, 1977 THE 3. Nicaragua is willing to immediately . Evaluating the tour afterward, Ortega The cold-blooded murder of Gary Mark resume talks with the Contadora Group told reporters the delegation was "historic" Gilmore by the State of Utah January 17- MILITANT concerning limitations on foreign advisers in terms of the breadth and level of the of­ Published in the Interests of the Workin9 People not the gala parties, flag-waving parades, and weapons levels in the Central Ameri­ ficials who had come to hear Nicaragua's January 29, 1962 Price 10c and lavish inaugural banquets in Washing­ can nations. These talks were suspended proposals for peace. ton - shows what is really in store for last July over Nicaragua's objections. At the same time, he stressed, the tour January 23 - The weapon of expulsion working people as ·the administration of 4. As long as the governments of Costa does not mean Washington's aggression is from school is increasingly being used President James Carter takes office. Rica and Honduras allow the U.S.-backed about to end. He pointed to the current against Southern Negro students active in contras to function in their territory, Nica­ U.S. military maneuvers in Honduras, in­ America's wealthy rulers are con­ the fight against racial injustice. The expul­ ragua has no choice but to maintain its law­ volving 8,000 troops and the warships USS gratulating themselves. They got away sions tend to lead to further demonstrations suits against both nations in the World Iowa and USS Yorktown. with it. They killed the ftrst one. And now of sympathy, which put Negro administra­ Court. At the same time, Nicaragua calls they plan to hang, shoot, gas, and electro­ What can be accomplished with the tour, tors and principals on the spot. In addition, for bilateral negotiations with both coun­ cute hundreds more. Ortega said, is "to contain the aggressive the expelled students tend to become even tries to avoid more border conflicts. escalation [by Washington] and open up There are no rich people on death row. It more active in the civil rights struggle. 5. Nicaragua calls for a joint accord of space for . . . negotiation and a peaceful is Blacks, Puerto Ricans, Chicanos, Native the five Central American nations, stipulat­ In Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Southern solution." Americans, and the poor who face execu­ ing nonintervention, the inviolability of the tion. These are the people that Gilmore's University, the country's largest Negro in­ countries' respective borders, and no sup­ killing is meant to terrorize. stitution of higher learning, has been port to irregular troops in the region. closed down till January 29 while the 6. Nicaragua maintains that there can be New York meeting set Those responsible for this barbarous and nearly 5,000 students are screened. Dr. no democracy or peace in Central Ameri­ to plan for April 25 vindictive act are the real criminals. They Felton G. Clark, the university president, can countries if other nations intervene in are the real mass murderers. Their hands has indicated that students active in civil are stained with the blood of the Vietnam­ their affairs and dictate their economic, po­ _NEW YORK - A meeting has been rights demonstrations will not be readmit­ litical, and social forms of organization. ese, the Chilean workers, South African ted. Student leaders have indicated that called for January 28 to begin organizing Blacks, and countless others. 7. Nicaragua backs the November 1986 participation from this area in the national counter action will be taken if the adminis­ proposal by the United Nations for interna­ actions in Washington, D.C., April 25- The purpose of the current "law and tration carries out its threat. tional observers to monitor the situation on order" outcry - with the firing squad, the 27. Those actions will prqtest Washing­ Dr. Clark has been under strong pressure its borders. ton's war policies in Central America and noose, and the electric chair as its trium­ 8. Nicaragua reiterates its willingness to phal symbols- is not to combat crime at from the segregationist state board of edu­ the government's support to the apartheid cation, which has fmal authority over. the grant amnesty to all those contras of Nica­ regime in South Africa. . all. It is to enflame racist prejudices, whip raguan nationality who wish to return to up popular support for police violence institution. Last week he expelled seven The New York Mobilization for Peace students accused of being leaders in a De­ their country and lay down their arms. Nic­ and Justice in Central America and South­ against minorities and the poor, and gener­ aragua will also accept all Nicaraguans cur­ ally blame. individuals for the breakdown cember 15 demonstration by 1 ,500 persons em Africa has issued a leaflet for the Janu­ in downtown Baton Rouge. rently in refugee camps in Honduras or ary 28 meeting that urges activists to "join of the social fabric. Costa Rica who wish to come home. the effort to bring tens of thousands of Capital punishment is a weapon of race The seven are active in the local chapter 9. Nicaragua calls for the establishment people from the New York area" to the and class oppression, not justice. It aims to of the Congress of Racial Equality. Their of a group of specialists to implement the Washington, D.C., actions. reinforce the profit system by terrorizing expulsion touched off another demonstra­ proposals coming out of the UN-OAS­ The meeting will be held at 7:00p.m. at the downtrodden and the outcast tion Jan. 15 during which students sang Contadora tour. hospital employees Local1199 auditorium, And as the capitalist economic and so­ Freedom-Rider songs in front of Dr. After these points were presented by 310 West 43rd St. For more information cial crisis deepens, prompting riew strug­ Clark's house. Clark then shut down the Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega, the call (212) 582-1890, extension 310. gles by labor and minorities, the death pen- university.

January 30, 1987 The Militant 13 -EDITORIALS---.;.______Is the Soviet Union an imperialist King Day and fight for equality -country?

The battle for Black equality is far from over. part of helped "dismantle the legal vestiges of discrimina­ BY DOUG JENNESS This is the spirit in which to mark the anniversary of tion and racism," the problem now is to ban racism "from Imperialism must be about one of the most hated ahd Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday. the hearts of the people." · unpopular formations in the world today, including in the The fact that King's birthday was made a federal holi­ But Reagan, quite consciously, turns the problem on United States. One mark of this is that U.S. politicians day is testimony to the profound impact that the massive its head. don't use the word "imperialism" to describe their poli­ civil rights movement, which King was a leader of, had cies. Can you imagine the reaction among working on this country. By overthrowing the system of legal It is because discrimination against people with Black people in this country if Democratic and Republican offi- segregation that existed throughout the South, the civil skins permeates and is sanctioned by every institution of rights struggle vastly expanded the rights of Blacks and this society - from government to workplaces to schools all the oppressed and exploited. to the media- that racist attitudes still flourish. But clearing de jure ·segregation out of the way was The gang of white youths in Howard Beach, New - . LEARNING ABOUT only the beginning of eliminating the second-class status York, who lynched a Black construction worker last of Blacks. De facto discrimination has been maintained month, assumed that they would get away with that crim­ SOCIALISM and reinforced at every turn by the employers who profit inal act because others who have killed Blacks - from from it, and the government that serves them. cops to Klansmen - have gotten away with it. cials were to openly declare, "We're conducting an im­ This is reflected in the fight over the King holiday it­ By every economic, social, and political indicator, perialist foreign policy. That's what we're for, and we're self. Blacks occupy a second-class status compared to whites proud of it." It took a persistent campaign of protests initiated by in this society. Such candor would expose the carefully cultivated, but Blacks, which won the support of unions and many other • Black workers earn 56 cents for every dollar a white false, image of the U.S. government as the champion of organizations, to get Congress to finally approve it and worker makes. This is a decrease from 1975, wheri freedom and democracy around the world. force President Ronald Reagan to sign the bill into law in Blacks made 62 percent of what whites earned. The word imperialism, in fact, is so widely accepted as 1983. • The official unemployment rate for adult Blacks in pejorative that apologists for capitalism try to discredit But the struggle continues. 1985 was 15 percent, compared with 7 percent for the Soviet Union by pinning this label on that country. King's birthday was celebrated as a national holiday whites. For Black youth, it was 40 percent. President Reagan has added his own invective, dubbing for the first time in January 1986. Only 29 state govern­ • The infant mortality rate for Blacks is twice as high the USSR the "evil empire." ments and the District of Columbia participated. as that of whites. Is there any scientific content to "S.oviet imperialism" In I987, 10 state governments still refused to recog­ • Blacks are more likely to live in substandard hous­ or is this simply an epithet used by anticommunists? nize it as a holiday. Some of those who run this country ing and to have to send their children to inferior schools. A close examination of imperialism in this century re­ still resist this holiday because they're opposed to any­ Segregation remains an enormous obstacle to equalizing veals that it has features that are very different from ear­ thing that gives official sanction to the mighty working­ the living standards of Blacks and whites. lier forms of imperialism, such as those that existed in an­ class movement that smashed Jim Crow segregation. And some of the key victories that were a result of the cient Rome and during the early years of capitalism when This resistance to implementing the · law making civil rights struggle are today under attack by the govern­ merchants reigned supreme. · King's birthday a holiday encourages racists and pro­ ment. A description of these characteristics will show that vides them with a rallying point. But in the face of such Busing to desegregate education is under fire from fed­ they don't apply to the Soviet Union. attacks, supporters of democratic rig)lts are not backing eral, state, and local authorities, from Boston to Topeka, Imperialism in our epoch is a stage in the development down. Kansas. of capitalism. Toward the end of the past century, in­ · In Arizona, Gov. Evan Mecham rescinded the execu­ The government official responsible for requiring fed­ creasing concentration of industry in a few of the most tive order signed by his predecessor, Bruce Babbitt, ob­ eral contractors to hire Black and other minority workers economically developed countries gave rise to serving the holiday in that state. He argued that King has resigned in protest, saying that the Reaganadminis­ monopolies. Increasingly fewer enterprises controlled doesn't deserve a holiday. tration is only paying "lip service" to enforcing affirma­ greater and greater shares of the market. They acquired Many Arizonans think otherwise. On January I9, tive action laws. And the Justice Department has recom­ their own sources of raw materials and their own trans­ some 15,000 people marched on the state legislature and mended doing away with numerical hiring goals for com­ portation systems. presented 50,000 petitions to the representatives de­ panies that do business with the government. This process went hand in hand with the concentration manding that King Day be a state holiday. Among the more than 20 nations in the world to mark and growing power of banking capital and its merger In all-white Forsyth County, Georgia, the Ku Klux King Day was Cuba, the country that has done the most with industrial and commercial capital. The dominant Klan attacked a march to honor King. In response, in our hemisphere to eradicate racism. A statement issued role of finance capital marked a new stage iri the evolu­ another march was planned for January 24. by the Cuban Movement for Peace and Sovereignty of tion of capitalism. In a 'televised speech from the Oval Office onJanuary the Peoples urged that the "homage paid to this figure and Typical of this stage was that the accumulation of cap­ 15, Reagan gave his view of the meaning of King Day. his ideas" should help spur the efforts of all those fighting ital reached gigantic proportions. An enormous surplus His main point was that while the movement King was for peace and justice. of capital arose in a handful of countries that could not be profitably invested at horne. A drive began to seek new arenas for profitable invest­ ment in countries where raw materials were cheap, wages low, the cost of land relatively inexpensive, and capital The USX steel contract scarce. One result of this expansionist drive has been the divi­ The tentative contract announced January I7 by repre­ · job categories - or else the company would shut its sion of the world into a very small number of oppressor sentatives of the USX corporation and the United Steel­ gates. nations on one hand and the rest of humanity on the workers of America registers another blow to USX work­ USX negotiators said no. They pointed out that USX other. ers and to all steelworkers. It will add fuel to the takeback was the only big steel company to post a profit on steel One reflection of this division today is the mammoth drive being waged by the entire employing class against operations since the I983 takeback contract. The union debts owed by the oppressed nations of Africa, Asia, and representatives offered to continue working under the old working people. And it will encourage further use of the Latin America to the big bankers in Western Europe, lockout weapon, which the USX owners successfully contract until a new pact was agreed to. North America, and Japan. wielded to squeeze more takebacks from the union. USX rejected the offer and proceeded to lock out its Tens of millions of working people labor to pay the in­ H ratified, the contract will take effect on February I, employees. After six months, the company succeeded in terest on these huge debts. But the debts continue to ending the six-month lockoutimposed by USX. whining big takebacks in the negotiations as the price of mount. The pact has been endorsed by the union's Interna­ allowing steelworkers to return to their jobs. One reason is that the imperialists' monopoly pricing tional executive board after having been accepted by a The other big steel companies will now press for more generates· unequal trade relations with the oppressed vote of 38 to 4 at a meeting of presidents of USWA locals takebacks as well. LTV has already asked for protection countries. The latter generally sell their commodities at at USX mills. It will now be submitted for a vote by the under Chapter II of the bankruptcy laws as a prelude to low prices and pay for manufactured goods from the im­ 21,000 USWA members currently employed by USX imposing more takebacks. ' perialist countries at higher prices. and the more than 10,000 workers who have been laid off USX will also attempt to press the advantage it gained As a result of their monopoly position, the exploitation from USX for two years or less. during the lockout. The battle on the mill floor will begin of workers and peasants in the semicolonial world awards The pact includes an immediate hourly pay cut of 99 the day the company reopens the mills. For the owners, the imperialists not only the average rate of profit, but a cents. This follows the $1.25 wage takeback imposed in the takebacks registered in the new pact are only the be~ surplus profit. . · the 1983 contract. Together with benefit cuts, the new ginning. The drive to combine jobs, speed up production, It is the imperialists' drive to hold onto and expand agreement slashes steelworkers' pay by about $2.45 an and undermine safety regulations - regardless of the their markets, sources.of raw materials, and investment hour. wording of the contract - will intensify. possibilities that is the source of war today. The pact includes a profit-sharing formula. Union offi­ To make the pact easier for steelworkers to swallow, This portrayal of imperialism clearly excludes the cials estimate that steelworkers may receive 40 cents an · USX agreed to modernize its remaining mills in the Soviet Union. As I explained last week, the Soviet Union hour at present under the plan. Monongahela Valley near Pittsburgh, rather than close is not a capitalist country. Capitalism and imperialism Pay and benefit cuts are higher than those obtained by them down. were overturned in Russia nearly 70 years ago. . any big steel firm, except LTV, in the 1986 contract Such .pledges from .the billionaire families that own There are no Soviet bankers getting rich off interest talks. USX are worthless. Their investment decisions - payments from the Third World. There is .no piling up of The pact allows the company to impose job combina­ whether they exploit workers in steel, oil, or fast food­ surplus capital that is driving an exploiting class to look tions and other speedup measures that will eliminate will be made on the basis of profit and profit alone. for profitable investments. more than 1,300 jobs for starters. The pact also permits There will be more layoffs and shutdowns in steel, as The USSR's ties with countries like Cuba, for exam­ the company to shut down all or part of 12 facilities. the contraCt itself makes clear. ple; are quite different than U.S. imperialist relations The contract reportedly includes provisions further re­ Competition among the steel bosses over who can take with that country before 1959. stricting the company's use of nonunion contractors to do the most out of the wages, jobs, safety standards, and Cuba, today, does not suffer from unequal terms of Steelworkers' jobs. The company had flagrantly violated rights of steelworkers is going to become more fierce. trade, protectionist measures, or the dumping of low­ previous contract provisions on this. This competition is spurred by the crisis of the steel in­ priced goods in its relations with the Soviet Union. It has The four-year contract will expire one year later than dustry, . which stems from competition for shares of also been able to obtain credit on easy terms. thOse signed in 1986 with other big steel firms. the world capitalist market. . With this assistance, Cuba has made big strides in in­ USX's goal in the contract negotiations was to match As USX negotiator J. Bruce Johnston wrote last Au­ dustrial and technological development while providing or surpass the takebacks won by other major steel firms in · gust in a threatening letter to the locked-out workers, impressive medical care and educational programs. 1986. The uniQil had yielded a $3.15 cut in wages and "Only a few basic steel companies may survive. There is Some readers might ask, however, whether Moscow's benefits tQ LTV, 99 cents to National Steel, and $1 .96 to not enough room in the steel lifeboat for everybody." invasions of Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in Bethlehem Steel. The success of the steel bosses in gaining big conces~ 1968 don't reveal a new type of imperialism. This will be . USX negotiators demanded that the union accept a sions in the recent round of steel negotiations guarantees taken up in a coming column along with a description of $3.50 cut in wages and benefits, no restrictions on con­ stepped-up attacks on steelworkers, aimed at making how a privileged bureaucratic caste emerged in the Soviet tracting out of work, and a big reduction in the number of them take the full brunt of the shakeout in the industry. .Union.

14 The Militant January 30, 1987 New directives limit prisoners' reading.material

BY HARMEEN ROWE rity and cut down on the amount of drugs coming into the therapeutic program. By revising its policy on prisoner accessibility to prisons. This directive actually serves as a backup for Directive books and other reading materials, the Department of In all fairness, I have to disagree. As an inmate witli No. 4911. Correctional Services (DOCS) has openly disregarded an over a decade of experience with "the system," I have be­ Last year, I challenged the intent of this Media Review important area of prisoner rehabilitation. Referred to as come acutely cognizant of the numerous excuses by directive. During April 1985 I was denied access to two Directive No. 4911, this correctional policyis interpreted DOCS to either remove or weaken the prisoner benefits issues of the Militant by the Media Review Committee, as another form ofeducational repression by DOCS. gained by the 1971 uprising of prisoners at. Attica. In who held that "any publiCation which advocates and pre­ fact, my observations of DOCS have convinced me that sents a clear and immediate risk oflawlessness, violence, there has always existed deeply ingrained prejudices anarchy, or rebellion again~t governmental authority is against truly rehabilitating prisoners. unacceptable." AS I SEE IT The inability to acquire suitable academic skills while The committee also stated that "this publication should incarcerated has been determined ·to be a contributing riot incite d,isobedience towards a law enforcement offi­ This directive establishes the procedure for packages factor to the 67-70 percent recidivism rate in New York cer, etc." and articles sent or brought to correctional institution~ ~ · In state today. With close to 40 percent of the state prison Although I believe that rules, regulMions, and policies Section 6, under "educational supplies;" it says', "Books,. population functionally illiterate, prohibiting books, are necessary to insure order and a semblance of structure magazines, newspapers, and periodicals [are to ,be sent]. magazines, and other reading materials to prisoners con­ in the prison systern, 1 do not agree with the issuance of from publisher or approved distributor only [and will be] tradicts .the theory behind corrections: reducing the offen­ directives that inhibit the Self-rehabilitation of prisoners. subject to Media Review guidelines." der's potential for further criminality. I view these two d~tives as obstacles fraught with explosive social consequences if allowed to become a This publishers-only rule, in effect, serves as a crip­ Today because of the increasing conservative mood permanent fixture of institutional policy. · pling blow to prisoners who view broad access to educa­ that is sweeping the correctional apparatus, prison ad­ tional materials a priority in their rehabilitative efforts. ministrators are returning to the old punitive philosophy Our knowledge of human behavior tells us that punish­ and forsaking rehabilitation concepts. Directive No. ment is an essential part of the learning process, but only Although the directive goes on to explain its intent to 4911 is a prime example of this changing mood. when it is constructive and supportive. I feel that I am a protect correctional institutions from contraband and Another is Directive No. 4572, governing the receipt victim of an arbitrary institutional arrangement to deprive other threats of safety and security, it fails to make clear and review of literature for prisoners. me of a right to acad,emic liberty. I remain at odds with why books are considered a threat. This directive is supposedly implemented to protect this correctional policy. According to prison officials, Directive No. 49ll does those inmates whose "emotional instability and antisocial not represent censorship or a Weakening commitment to attitudes" are such tliat access to certain inflammatory or Harmeen Rowe is an inmate at Wallkill Correctional Fa­ rehabilitation. It is an effort, they say, to maintain secu- disruptive literature may interfere with the operation of a cility in Wallkill, New York. -LETTERS-. ~' , ·. ··,, Austin food caravan TH£= Su~VIVAU ,. ;: , o~, :t I-f ATE I read the article in the January 9 l'f=ALING issue of the Militant dealing with .of THE ..PLANET;;! · the food caravan to Austin, Min­ nesota. As a business agent at ~~WITH THt=SE United Food and Commercial PE?OPLE- AAE ~ Workers (UFCW) Local789, I am $tNGLE·INTC~~r incensed at this quote attributed to He~E TO ME~T Jim Guyette: The caravan was an G~OLJPs-! indication "that a UFCW local has WITH you. broken through the slanders and lies put out about us." \HA'-'ES ,-- ---' • . C.tMft..,"':A 'f'IC The food caravan was not a po­ litical issue for Local 789. Fellow union workers were in need, and about the need to publicize the ~s. lent up-to-date articles on events Cold war propaganda this local felt they should be U intervention union's demand for a fair wage. I think the article by .Margaret in Central America, Chile. But The·ABC television network is helped. It's as simple as that. Poli­ He noted that last year there were you seem to have forgotten that tics played no part in the decision. Jayko in the January 9 issue of the planning to.broadcast. a pernicious picket lines and rallies in support Militant, "Behind crisis rocking there. are other imperfect govern­ piece of cold-war Propaganda in This local union's rank and file of janitors in other cities - Washington," was thought-pro­ ments around the world - aside February. is very divided· on the Hormel Pittsburgh and Denver, for exam­ from the United States. voking! The 12-hour miniseries, entitled issue. Many people support the ple. A weekly subscriber, First of all, I believe it was not Amerika, takes place in 1996, 10 strikers' cause all the way. Others A petition signed by more than so long ago that many people con­ D .S. feel the strikers went too far. 300 students and faculty was pre­ Glendale, Wisconsin years after the Soviet Union has sidered U.S. government inter­ conquered the United States. Oh. Some feel there is blame for all ~ented to the union in support of its vention in Nicaragua inevitable. concerned to share. No matter cause. Sim!e I was 16 and Central America is now Things change, of course, but known as "Greater Cuba." who's to blame, the out-of-work The local approved a new have the. general conditions in the "I have been reading your paper strikers are struggling to make agreement by a· relatively close United States and the world since I was 16. It's been great­ This would be an excellent op­ ends meet. Local 789 believes vote. The new contract calls for an changed that much? the only paper to cover the Nicara­ portunity for the M iliJant to run a they deserve our help in making across-the-board ·pay increase of For instance, even though (as guan revolution and South Mrica. series of articles on such questions ends meet. 7.5 percent. This will amount to a Jayko states) living standards are I will continue support for the Mil­ as whether the. Soviet Union really Jim Guyette has no right to take 25-cents-an-hour increase over the under attack, can one conclude itant and the Young Socialist Al­ intends to conquer the United a stand for .Local 789 on the Hor­ next two years of the three-year that this factor (among others) is liance. States, what the nature of the mel-P-9 issue. He never talked to contract. sufficient to stay Washington's D.B. Soviet Union is, and whether the local uni()n' s officers to come Stodghill said the local would hand? And, yes, there is an eco­ Chicago, Illinois Cuba is really trying to conquer to the conclusion his quote infers. soon begin to organize the 4,000- nomic crisis in the capitalist econ­ Central America. One has to wonder how much of plus St. Louis-area janitors who omy. But can it be said that it Repression J.W. what Jim Guyette says is based on are nonunion and not covered by would be impossible to sell the First, I request that. you kindly Indianapolis, Indiana real facts or on his own conclu­ the contract. idea of U.S. intervention in Cen- place me on your mailing list to re­ sions drawn from what sounds Joe Allor tral America? ceive your newspaper. At this time good to him. St. Louis, Missouri Correction Let's not forget the massive I would love nothing more. A factual error appeared in last Shame on you, Jim Guyette. power of the media to whip up Second, I believe it should be You've turned a good deed into Militants like myself week's Militant article on the hysteria. 1 believe, for instance,· known that fascism in its most ad­ merger of Northwest and Republic politics. Ultimately, once again, I'm an ardent reader of the Mil­ that the United States could have vanced form is here in Amerikkka. your people will suffer because of itant newspaper. I wish to con­ airlines. In the merged airline, the used ground troops in Libya and I have been attacked for making International Association of your rhetoric. gratulate you and your entire staff . "gotten away with it." Everybody . statements of this sort. But repres­ Sincerely and fraternally, for the marvelous job you are Machinists will continue to repre­ was slandering Libya at the time. sion forbids the people from· ac- sent the mechanics and cleaners. Jerry Feucht doing every week to let "niilitants" 1 think Jayko's article may be a cepting the truth and challenging business representative like myself know what's going on Baggage handlers represented by bit of wishful thinking, but I'm not the lie. The repressive Amen- the lAM before the merger will UFCW Local 789 in Nicaragua, South Mrica, and sure. 1 hope she is correct! kkkan system tends to make the Oakdale, Mi~esota around town. have to choose ~ong . three Mark Heinecamp truth hurt. unions, according to a National A prisoner Tucson, Arizona A prisoner Justice for janitors Dannemora, New York Auburn, New York LabQr Relations Bo~ ruling. A recent SliTVey of St. Louis­ area janitors showed they bring Library subs Imperfect governments Enlightening The Mlllbmt special prisoner home an average of $98 a week To sharply increase the expo­ I enjoy getting the Militant each I am a prisoner in the Texas De- fund makes it possible to send after taxes. The typical janitor is a sure and readership of the Mili­ month. However, sometimes I feel partment of Corrections. Re­ reduced-r.re subscriptions to 46-year-old woman with at least tant, why don't you offer free sub­ your articles are too far to the left cently, a friend let me read a copy prisoners who can't pay for two dependents. Most are women, scriptions to the main branch li­ and therefore are extremely of.the Militant, and I found it en­ them. To help this important and the vast majority are Black,. braries of our major cities?. You biased. lightening, revealing; and, I be- cause, send your contribution · William Stodghill, president of could also provide free subs to the Why don't you guys ever write lieve, more accurate than the cor.: to: Militant Prisoner Subscrip­ Service Employees' International libraries at our major colleges and about any of the human rights porate newspapers with their tion Fund, 14 Charles Lane, Union Local 50, pointed this out universities. abuses in Poland or Russia? I'm biased viewpoints. New York, N.Y. 10014. in speaking to 100 janitors, stu­ To help defer the c:ost, which not an advocate of capitalism, but However, my friend has left, dents, and faculty members who shouldn't be too great, you could I think something should be said and as a result, I no longer have The letters column is an open demonstrated. recently at Wash­ establish a library fund just as you (that isn't positive) about the access to the Militant. forum for all viewpoints on sub­ ington University in St. Louis. have for prisoners. Soviet Union or any of the other As an indigent prisoner, I won­ jects of ·general interest to our They were protesting a cutback Tens of thousands of new Eastern bloc countries. They have der if I could be allowed a waiver readers. Please keep your letterS contract of:fer by Clean Tech Com­ people would .see the Militant for political prisoners who.are impris- of the subscription costs. If so, brief. Where necessary they will pany. This was.the second of two the first time every week. Isn) this oned merely for saying something rest assured that I would very be abridged. Pleast indicate if demonstrations. The first took worth the small cost involved? negative about their dictator (I - much appreciate it. you prefer th~t your initials place in downtown St. Louis. A reader mean ruler). A prisoner be used rather than your fuU Stodghill addressed the rally New York, NewYork Your newspaper includes excel- Lovelady, Texas ruune.

J.....-y 31, 1917 IS THE MILITANT New French-U.S. aggression in Chad

BY ERNEST HARSCH Although Frolinat broke up into several Seeing an opportunity to strengthen their factions in the mid-1970s, opposition to the domination over Chad and to strike a blow French-backed regime in Ndjamena be­ at neighboring Libya, the French and U.S. came so great that Paris was forced to con­ governments .have rapidly escalated their cede the establishment of a coalition gov­ intervention in the Chadian civil war. ernment in 1979. Called the Transitional Since December tons of French and U.S. Government of National Union (GUNT), military equipment have been airlifted to its president was Goukouni Oueddei, the Ndjamena, Chad's capital, to bolster the leader of the largest Frolinat faction at the reactionary regime of President Hissene time. Habre, whose army is confronting Libyan­ supported rebel forces in northern Chad. CIA ousted Goukouni Since early 1986, some 1,200 French troops have been stationed in central and But the French and U.S. governments southern Chad, along with bombers and jet remained hostile to the GUNT. In particu­ fighters, to back up Habre's troops. lar, they disliked some of Goukouni's anti­ imperialist foreign policy stands and his The $15· million in emergency U.S. mil­ close ties with Libya, which gave military itary aid includes trucks, small aircraft, and economic aid to his government. arms, ammunition, and surface-to-air mis­ siles. It also includes an unknown number The CIA, with the help of the Egyptian of U.S. military personnel, supposedly to and Sudanese regimes, funneled $10 mil­ train Chadian troops in the use of the U.S. lion in covert support to a right-wing rebel­ French jets bombing rebel installation in northern Chad equipment. lion led by Habn!. With this backing, "Around-the-clock flights of U.S. and Habrc~'s forces captured Ndjamena in June conceding the GUNT's control of the led by Acheikh Ibn Oumar. 1982 and drove the GUNT from power. French transport planes into and out of the north. In October Goukouni declared in an in-· airport at Chad's capital these days give Habre' s repressive and proimperialist re­ terview from Tripoli that he was being held Split among rebel groups every indication that there is more fighting gime met considerable opposition. The there under house arrest. One of his aides to come," began a report from Ndjamena in military and political organizations loyal to But over the past year or so Habre has later maintained that Goukouni was the January 13 Washington Post. the GUNT regrouped and secured control made some gains in consolidating his re­ wounded in a shoot-out with Libyan secu­ over much of the remote, mountainous gime. In this, he has benefited from shar­ The real aggressors rity personnel. Libyan radio broadcasts north. pening factional conflicts within the proclaimed that Goukouni had been ousted French President Fran~ois Mitterrand The GUNT also obtained continued Lib­ GUNT, winning over several of its key fig­ as GUNT president and Acheikh Ibn and numerous U.S. officials have tried to ures and groupings. Oumar named to take his place. justify their intervention as a response to yan military support, including direct backing from Libyan troops. The Libyan The disputes within the GUNT are com­ "Libyan aggression." But this is simply a plex. Some take the form of regional, lan­ The fighting among the groups in north­ regime of Muammar el-Qaddafi viewed mask for their aggression. French troops guage, and religious conflicts; others re­ em Chad then intensified. The military began terrorizing the country long before this as a defensive. measure, since Wash­ leaders of Goukouni' s faction announced ington's support to the Habre regime was flect differing political perspectives. The the first Libyan soldier ever set foot on Libyan regime's annexation of a strip of that they were allying with Habre's army to part of the broader U.S. campaign de­ Chadian soil. territory along Chad's northern border combat both the CDR and the Libyan A French colony since early in this cen­ signed to isolate Libya and overthrow its forces. ·They reportedly have several government. (known as the Aozou strip) and its interfer­ tury, Chad won its formal independence in ence in the GUNT's internal political life thousand troops under their command. 1960, but remained under French political Despite considerable U.S. and French have provided' additional sources of con­ This break-up of the GUNT and the rift and economic domination. In the mid- military aid to Habre, including the direct flict. with Libya provided Paris, Washington, 1960s, thousands of French troops inter­ backing of French troops and aircraft, a The most dramatic rupture in the GUNT and Ndjamena with an opportunity to press vened to put down a rebellion among the military stalemate set in. This was sym­ surfaced in August and October 1986, beyond the 16th parallel. French planes peoples of the north, who were led by the bolized by the French decision to draw a when troops loyal to ·Goukouni clashed dropped supplies to Goukouni' s supporters Chad National Liberation Front (Frolinat). "red line" along the 16th parallel, cutting with those of another GUNT faction, the in the northern Tibesti Mountains. Chadian But the revolt persisted. the country in half and in effect temporarily Revolutionary Democratic Council (CDR), government troops, with French logistical and supply assistance, captured the town of Fada, north of the "red line." A top French officer, Gen. Jean Saul­ Hundreds hear Caribbean activist nier, has warned of more extensive French interVention in the north. Speaking to re­ BY CATHY SEDWICK explained is the first attempt in the history of silence for Maurice Bishop and Martin porters in Ndjamena January 11, he de­ SAN FRANCISCO- Don Rojas, a of the region to forge a broad alliance of Luther King, Jr. · clared, "We have intervened north of the spokesperson for the Anti-Imperialist Or­ anti-imperialist forces. It has the potential Worrill noted that Rojas had edited 16th parallel in the past, . . . and we will ganizations of the Caribbean and Central to help bridge the historical divisions be­ BUF's first newspaper in the 1970s. He not rule out intervening in the north once America, spoke to over 350 people here tween the people of Central America and pointed to the recent lynching of a Black again." January 17. Rojas toured the Bay Area Jan­ the Caribbean, he said. man in Howard Beach and urged everyone A few days earlier the Paris daily Le uary 15-18. Rojas explained that a quarterly bulletin present to join BUF members in wearing Monde reported that French "military ob­ Former press secretary to slain Grena­ of the organization was planned. He en­ green armbands on January 21 - a na­ servers" were already operating in the dian Prime Minister Maurice Bishop, couraged the audience to help get out the tional day of outrage. north with Chadian government forces. Rojas currently represents the Maurice bulletin and get out the word about the Bishop Patriotic Movement of Grenada on goals of the organization. the 10-party Coordinating Committee of Closing to a standing ovation, Rojas the Anti-Imperialist Organizations. shouted: "Forward on our feet, and never N.Y. celebration for Castro book The tour was kicked off by a breakfast on our knees!" NEW YORK - The recent publication what can be achieved for the common with trade union officials prpminent in the Yvonne Golden urged the meeting to of Nothing Can Stop the Course ofHistory, people against the most unfavorable exter­ fight against U.S. intervention in Central take up Rojas' call for ongoing support and a wide-ranging interview with Cuban Pres­ nal pressures." America. It was held at Local 15 of the Na­ activity. ident Fidel Castro, will be celebrated at a Joe Madison, a national board member tional Association of Broadcast Employees Welcoming remarks and greetings were meeting here on Friday, January 23. of the National Association for the Ad­ and Technicians. brought to the meeting from representa­ Mervyn Dymally, member of the U.S. vancement of Colored People, wrote that On January 16 more than 100 people tives of two member organizations of the House of Representatives and chairman of Dymally and Elliot "have presented us with honored Rojas at a reception in Oakland Anti-Imperialist Organizations: Gustavo the Congressional Black Caucus, will be a balanced, frank, and open insight into sponsored by the U.S.-Grenada Society. Acosta of the Salvadoran Farabundo Marti the featured speaker at the meeting. The one of the most formidable and intriguing Speakers included Rojas; Yvonne Golden National Liberation Front (FMLN), and gathering will be held at 7:30p.m. at the leaders. in the world today .... Beyond the and Barbara Lee of the U.S.-Grenada Soci­ Brunillda Santos of the Puerto Rican Martin Luther King Labor Center of Local personal insight, we see a man with exten­ ety; Wilson Riles, Jr., of the Oakland City Socialist Party. 1199 Hospital and Health Care Employees sive knowledge and· understanding of Council; Alameda County Supervisor John In addition to the meetings, Rojas was Union, 310 West 43rd St. world affairs, and an undeniable compas­ George; State Assemblyman Elihu Harris; interviewed by a number of radio stations Dymally and Jeffrey Elliot, professor of sion for the liberation of his nation." and Maudelle Shirek of the Berkeley City and newspapers. The Sun Reporter, a San political science at North Carolina Central In addition to Dymally, several other Council. Francisco Black newspaper, has agreed to University, conducted the interview with prominent speakers will discuss the inter­ The January 17 meeting was co-chaired serialize Rojas' speech. Castro in Havana. view and' the importance of its publication. by Phil Hutchings of the Don Rojas Tour Nothing Can Stop the Course of History They are Fred Dube, representative of the Committee and Supervisor John George. was published a few months ago by Path­ African National Congress; Roger Green. a Pedro Noguera, anti-apartheid activist CHICAGO - Caribbean-born revolu­ finder Press, which is sponsoring the meet­ New York state assemblyman who chairs and assistant to the mayor of Berkeley, in­ tionary Don Rojas spoke to more than 50 ing. the New York State Black and Puerto troduced Rojas. Noguera recalled some of people January 19 at Northeastern D­ Tony Benn, a Labour Party membet:. of Rican Legislative Caucus; Don Rojas, his experiences in Grenada during the years linois University Center for Inner City the British Parliament, recently wrote, "It press secretary . to m1lf4ered Grenadian of the revolutionary government between Studies on this city's South Side. The is a marvelous and vivid account of Fidel's Prime Minister Maurice Bishop; Prof. 1979 and 1983. He participated in the meeting was sponsored by the Chicago thinking on so many issues and I believe Frank Bonilla, director of the Center for popular literacy campaign as an interna­ chapter of the Black United Front (BUF). · should be very widely read in the labour Puert9 Rican Studies at Hunter College; tional volunteer. Conrad Worrill, chair of the National movement and, indeed, throughout the Sandra Levinson, director of the Center for Rojas described the goals of the Anti­ Black United Front, welcomed everyone to world, because Cuba has, in so many Cuban Studies; and Larry Seigle of Path­ Imperialist Organizations, which he the meeting, which began with a moment ways, proved itself to be an example of finder Press.

16 The Militaat January 30, 1987