DOCSLIB.ORG

The Use of Hemiepiphytes As Craft Fibres by Indigenous Communities in the Colombian Amazon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Use of Hemiepiphytes As Craft Fibres by Indigenous Communities in the Colombian Amazon The Use of Hemiepiphytes as Craft Fibres by Indigenous Communities in the Colombian Amazon María Paula Balcázar Vargas and Tinde van Andel Abstract Aerial roots of hemiepiphytes are used throughout the to earn a living with NTFPs are quite limited, as it may Amazon Basin for house construction, basketry, traps and take days to travel to a market place. High transport costs furniture. Here we describe how 15 species of hemiepi- make it hard to compete with the same products harvest- phytes are extracted by six indigenous groups in the Co- ed closer to urban settlements (Shanley et al. 2002a, van lombian Amazon for traditional artefacts, commercial crafts Andel 2000). For isolated indigenous communities, wild- and as raw material for the furniture industry. Indigenous life is often the only product worthwhile marketing, since classification systems, use preferences, and the influence its unit price is high and wild animals around urban settle- of the craft trade on indigenous livelihoods are discussed. ments have become rare (Davies 2002, van Andel et al. The craft trade seems to improve the living conditions of 2003). local communities by making them less dependent from local guerrilla and coca production. However, we seriously There seem to be exceptions to this phenomenon. The question the sustainability of current fibre extraction. De- harvest of aerial roots of hemiepiphytes for the manu- signing adequate management plans for commercial he- facture of wicker furniture and basketry is a promising miepiphytes is essential to guarantee the future supply of business in the Amazon Basin (Baluarte & del Castillo these valuable non-timber forest products. 2001, Hall 2000, Hoffman 1997, Plowden et al. 2003, Whitehead & Godoy 1991). Hemiepiphytes are relative- ly abundant and their aerial roots can easily be pulled Introduction down. The mother plant generally withstands the harvest: it stays connected in the canopy and produces new roots The harvest and trade in non-timber forest products (NT- (Plowden et al. 2003, Putz & Holbrook 1986). Internation- FPs) contribute greatly to rural livelihoods worldwide, and al demand for wicker furniture is increasing (Baluarte & their harvest seems much less environmentally destruc- del Castillo 2001, Plowden et al. 2003, Whitehead & Go- tive than timber extraction, cash crop agriculture or cattle doy 1991). The roots can be harvested year-round and ranching. This has led to the assumption that increased commercialisation of NTFPs could promote both eco- nomic development and forest conservation (Nepstad & Schwartzman 1992, Plotkin & Famolare 1992). Recently, the high expectations that NTFPs could safeguard tropical Correspondence rain forests have been somewhat tempered (Ruiz-Perez María Paula Balcázar Vargas, Prins Berhardlaan 11, 1111EP & Arnold 1996, Shanley et al. 2002a, Ticktin 2004). Low Diemen, THE NETHERLANDS. [email protected] species abundance in highly diverse rain forests means a low availability of the extracted product per hectare, which may result in overexploitation if there is a strong mar- ket demand (Boot 1997, Clark & Sunderland 2004, Hall & Bawa 1993, Peters 1996). Many attempts to commer- cialise NTFPs have failed because of a lack of well-devel- oped markets (Clay 1992, Newton et al. 2002, Shanley Ethnobotany Research & Applications 3:243-260(2005) et al. 2002b). The possibilities for remote forest-dwellers http://hdl.handle.net/10125/175 244 Ethnobotany Research & Applications require extensive manual labour in their conversion into for craft making. This is understandable, because of the the final product. When the price for raw material is high difficulties in gaining access to the canopy and collecting enough, people often protect trees heavily colonised by the specimens (Moffet 2000). This means, however, that hemiepiphytes. They prefer harvesting aerial roots for the a group of plants that plays a major role in the livelihoods following years above earning once by selling its timber. of indigenous peoples has remained neglected. This example shows the potential of harvesting NTFPs as a means of forest conservation (Hofmann 1997, van For several decades, the indigenous population of Colom- Andel 2000). bia has faced growing economic and cultural pressure, putting the retention of their traditional knowledge of plant In contrast to true epiphytes, which spend their entire lives use in peril (Rodríguez 2003, Sánchez 2005). Due to sub- on tree branches without touching the soil, hemiepiphytes stantial changes in settlement patterns and greater inte- maintain soil contact for at least part of their life by means gration in the market economy, traditional relations with of aerial roots. Primary hemiepiphytes start their life as nature have transformed and pressure on natural resourc- epiphytes, germinating on a host tree and sending down es has increased (van der Hammen 2003). The ongoing aerial roots to the ground to take up nutrients (Benzing turmoil in violence and civil warfare has paralysed large 1990, Putz & Holbrook 1986). Some primary hemiepi- segments of the political, economic and social system phytes may strangle or kill their host (e.g., Clusia spp., in Colombia (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Ficus spp.); others never do so (Philodendron spp.). Sec- www.unodc.org). In fact, the guerrillas of the Colombian ondary hemiepiphytes germinate on the forest floor be- Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARC) control large parts fore climbing a host tree, keeping their roots connected of the Colombian Amazon. Although the national army re- to the soil during their entire life cycle (Kress 1986, Mof- cently recovered part of the Caquetá department (Angrist fett 2000). In the Neotropics, this type is represented by & Kugler 2004), the region remains a “department of con- several genera in the families Araceae and Cyclanthace- cern” by the UNHCR (www.reliefweb.int). The trade and ae. Some primary and secondary hemiepiphytes produce cultivation of coca (Erythroxylum coca Lam.) is a major strong, pliable aerial roots, used since ancestral times by source of rural income in the Colombian Amazon (Angrist indigenous people as lashing material in construction and & Kugler 2005, Villalón 2005). Alternative economic de- handicrafts (Bennett 1992, Gentry 1992, Knap-Vispo et velopment programs have produced few tangible results al. 2003, Roth 1924). The furniture workshops that have so far (Paredes et al. 2003). emerged throughout the Amazon Basin predominantly use the roots of Heteropsis flexuosa (H.B.K.) G.S. Bun- Here we present the results of ethnobotanical fieldwork ting (Araceae) and Clusia spp. (Clusiaceae) as raw mate- by the first author from 1998 to 2001 among six indig- rial (Hoffman 1997, van Andel 2000, Wallace & Ferreira enous groups in the Colombian Amazon. We try to pro- 2000). vide answers to the following questions: Which species of hemiepiphytes are collected for craft making? What is the Colombia is one of the most species-rich areas for Ara- importance of these plants in the subsistence economy of ceae, and the Western Amazon harbours the greatest di- local communities? Does the trade in these NTFPs con- versity of Heteropsis species (Croat 1992). Detailed stud- tribute to improved livelihoods, sustainable forest man- ies were carried out on hemiepiphytic Araceae in Ecuador agement and the preservation of indigenous culture? Our (Leimbeck & Balslev 2001) and on Heteropsis in Venezu- results show that, with a sophisticated marketing of indig- ela (Knab-Vispo et al. 2003), Guyana (Hall 2000, Hoffman enous crafts, aerial root extraction could offer indigenous 1997) and Brazil (Plowden et al. 2003, Wallace & Ferreira communities a viable economic alternative to illegal coca 2000). Little is known, however, about the abundance and production and more independence from guerrilla activi- diversity of these plants in the Colombian Amazon. Even ties. To prevent depletion of this valuable resource, how- the most recent vegetation studies in that area (Duque ever, root harvesting should be ecologically sustainable. 2004, Villegas et al. 2004) did not include hemiepiphytes their botanical inventories. Study Sites Ethnobotanical research in the Colombian Amazon has focused on medicinal plants (Schultes & Raffauf 1990), Fieldwork took place in three different sites within the Co- palms (Bernal 1992) and woody plants (Acero 1979, Gar- lombian Amazon: the middle Caquetá River, Amacayacu zón & Macuritofe 1992, Glenboski 1983, La Rotta 1982, National Natural Park and the Brazo Amanavén (Figure La Rotta et al. 1987). Studies on indigenous crafts and cul- 1). The middle Caquetá River is situated in the lowlands ture report only few hemiepiphytes, but scientific names of the Colombian Amazon, between Araracuara and the are often lacking or incorrect (González 1989, Ortiz 1994, Metá Creek, Department of Amazonas (0º30’-1º00’ S and Reichel 1987). With the exception of Cárdenas & López 72º30’-71º30’ W). Altitude is about 180 m above sea level; (2000), even the most recent studies on NTFPs in the Co- the mean annual temperature ca. 26ºC. Annual rainfall av- lombian Amazon (Duivenvoorden et al. 2001, Sánchez erages 3060 mm (Duivenvoorden & Lips 1993). The veg- 2005) have paid little attention to the use of aerial roots etation is characterised by species-rich humid tropical for- http://hdl.handle.net/10125/175 Balcázar and van Andel - The Use of Hemiepiphytes as Craft Fibres by 245 Indigenous Communities in the Colombian Amazon Colom bia V ICH AD Bogatá A C um aral Yuri (Piaroa) (Piapoco) ven m ana Puerto o A B raz Inírida G uaviare R iver 2° LA G UY C AN AQ A UE TA Araracuara 0° (H uitoto) M etá Aduche (Yukuna) (Andoke) C aq Biogeographic Zones ueta AM R AZ iver O rinoquia O N 2° AS La G uyana N Am acayacu La Amazonia National Park Am acayacu 0 200 km A m azonas R iv Leticia (Tikuna) 74° er Figure 1. Colombia with three biogeographic zones and study site locations. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/175 246 Ethnobotany Research & Applications est, with permanently inundated swamps, floodplain for- area, hunting, fishing, and collecting NTFPs is allowed for est and tierra firme forests (Duque et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Botany, Genetics and Ethnobotany: a Crossed Investigation on the Elusive Tapir’S Diet in French Guiana
    Botany, Genetics and Ethnobotany: A Crossed Investigation on the Elusive Tapir’s Diet in French Guiana Fabrice Hibert1*, Daniel Sabatier2,3, Judith Andrivot1,4, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne4, Sophie Gonzalez2, Marie-Franc¸oise Pre´vost2, Pierre Grenand5,Je´rome Chave6, Henri Caron7,Ce´cile Richard-Hansen1 1 Direction Etudes et Recherches Guyane, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Kourou, French Guiana, France, 2 Herbier de Guyane, UMR AMAP, IRD, Cayenne, French Guiana, France, 3 UMR AMAP, IRD, Montpellier, France, 4 UMR 0745 EcoFoG, INRA, Kourou, French Guiana, France, 5 UPS 3188 IRD, OHM Oyapock du CNRS, Cayenne, French Guiana, France, 6 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite´ Biologique, UMR 5174 CNRS, Universite´ Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France, 7 INRA, Universite´ de Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, Cestas, France Abstract While the populations of large herbivores are being depleted in many tropical rainforests, the importance of their trophic role in the ecological functioning and biodiversity of these ecosystems is still not well evaluated. This is due to the outstanding plant diversity that they feed upon and the inherent difficulties involved in observing their elusive behaviour. Classically, the diet of elusive tropical herbivores is studied through the observation of browsing signs and macroscopic analysis of faeces or stomach contents. In this study, we illustrate that the original coupling of classic methods with genetic and ethnobotanical approaches yields information both about the diet diversity, the foraging modalities and the potential impact on vegetation of the largest terrestrial mammal of Amazonia, the lowland tapir. The study was conducted in the Guianan shield, where the ecology of tapirs has been less investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Study of the Plant Use in the Natural Landscape of Two Mestizo Communities in the Ucayali Region of the Peruvian Amazon
    Faculteit Bio-ingenieurswetenschappen Academiejaar 2014 – 2015 Ethnobotanical study of the plant use in the natural landscape of two mestizo communities in the Ucayali region of the Peruvian Amazon Lore Vael Promotors: Prof. Dr. ir. Patrick Van Damme Dr. Gisella S. Cruz-García Tutor: ir. Kaat Verzelen Masterproef voorgedragen tot het behalen van de graad van Master in de bio- ingenieurswetenschappen: landbouwkunde COPYRIGHT The author and the promoters give the permission to use this thesis for consultation and to copy parts of it for personal use. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws, more specifically the source must be extensively specified when using results from this thesis. The promoters, Prof. Dr. ir. Patrick Van Damme Dr. Gisella S. Cruz-García The tutor, The author, ir. Kaat Verzelen Lore Vael I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, I want to thank Gisella for the amazing opportunity she gave me with this challenging subject. I have learned so much from her and will take all these experiences with me. Mijn promotor, prof. P. Van Damme, bedankt voor alle ondersteuning en goede begeleiding. Kaat, enorm bedankt voor alle hulp en aanmoedigingen, ik kon met gelijk welke vraag of probleem bij je terecht, zonder jou zou ik nooit alles in eerste zit hebben kunnen afwerken. María Elena, sin ti no hubiera sido posible realizar un estudio tan bueno. Aprendí todo lo necesario sobre la coleción de plantas durante mi trabajo de campo, hablamos mucho durante la preparacion para secar las muestras y debo decir que eres una persona muy afectuosa. José, gracias por toda la ayuda durante mi estancia en Pucallpa.
    [Show full text]
  • Epilist 1.0: a Global Checklist of Vascular Epiphytes
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 EpiList 1.0: a global checklist of vascular epiphytes Zotz, Gerhard ; Weigelt, Patrick ; Kessler, Michael ; Kreft, Holger ; Taylor, Amanda Abstract: Epiphytes make up roughly 10% of all vascular plant species globally and play important functional roles, especially in tropical forests. However, to date, there is no comprehensive list of vas- cular epiphyte species. Here, we present EpiList 1.0, the first global list of vascular epiphytes based on standardized definitions and taxonomy. We include obligate epiphytes, facultative epiphytes, and hemiepiphytes, as the latter share the vulnerable epiphytic stage as juveniles. Based on 978 references, the checklist includes >31,000 species of 79 plant families. Species names were standardized against World Flora Online for seed plants and against the World Ferns database for lycophytes and ferns. In cases of species missing from these databases, we used other databases (mostly World Checklist of Selected Plant Families). For all species, author names and IDs for World Flora Online entries are provided to facilitate the alignment with other plant databases, and to avoid ambiguities. EpiList 1.0 will be a rich source for synthetic studies in ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology as it offers, for the first time, a species‐level overview over all currently known vascular epiphytes. At the same time, the list represents work in progress: species descriptions of epiphytic taxa are ongoing and published life form information in floristic inventories and trait and distribution databases is often incomplete and sometimes evenwrong.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Structure of Vascular Plants in Treefall Gaps and Fire
    Revista Brasil. Bot., V.30, n.2, p.303-313, abr.-jun. 2007 Community structure of vascular plants in treefall gaps and fire-disturbed habitats in the Atlantic rainforest, southern Bahia, Brazil ADRIANA MARIA ZANFORLIN MARTINI1,5, FLAVIO ANTONIO MAËS DOS SANTOS2, PAULO INÁCIO PRADO3 and JOMAR GOMES JARDIM4 (recebido: 23 de março de 2006; aceito: 03 de maio de 2007) ABSTRACT – (Community structure of vascular plants in treefall gaps and fire-disturbed habitats in the Atlantic rainforest, southern Bahia, Brazil). The effects of disturbances on plant community structure in tropical forests have been widely investigated. However, a majority of these studies examined only woody species, principally trees, whereas the effects of disturbances on the whole assemblage of vascular plants remain largely unexplored. At the present study, all vascular plants < 5m tall were surveyed in four habitats: natural treefall gaps, burned forest, and their adjacent understorey. The burned area differed from the other habitats in terms of species composition. However, species richness and plant density did not differ between burned area and the adjacent understorey, which is in accordance to the succession model that predict a rapid recovery of species richness, but with a different species composition in areas under moderate disturbance. The treefall gaps and the two areas of understorey did not differ among themselves in terms of the number of individuals, number of species, nor in species composition. The absence of differences between the vegetation in treefall gaps and in understorey areas seems to be in agreement with the current idea that the species present in treefall gaps are directly related to the vegetation composition before gap formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Disentangling the Phenotypic Variation and Pollination Biology of the Cyclocephala Sexpunctata Species Complex (Coleoptera:Scara
    DISENTANGLING THE PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AND POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF THE CYCLOCEPHALA SEXPUNCTATA SPECIES COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE) A Thesis by Matthew Robert Moore Bachelor of Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009 Submitted to the Department of Biological Sciences and the faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science July 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Matthew Robert Moore All Rights Reserved DISENTANGLING THE PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AND POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF THE CYCLOCEPHALA SEXPUNCTATA SPECIES COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE) The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science with a major in Biological Sciences. ________________________ Mary Jameson, Committee Chair ________________________ Bin Shuai, Committee Member ________________________ Gregory Houseman, Committee Member ________________________ Peer Moore-Jansen, Committee Member iii DEDICATION To my parents and my dearest friends iv "The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and all science. He to whom this emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead: his eyes are closed." – Albert Einstein v ACKNOWLEDMENTS I would like to thank my academic advisor, Mary Jameson, whose years of guidance, patience and enthusiasm have so positively influenced my development as a scientist and person. I would like to thank Brett Ratcliffe and Matt Paulsen of the University of Nebraska State Museum for their generous help with this project.
    [Show full text]
  • Network Scan Data
    Selbyana 9: 196-202 THE VASCULAR FLORA OF LA SELVA BIOLOGICAL STATION, COSTA RICA* CYCLANTHACEAE BARRY E. HAMMELt Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706 HARLING, G. 1958. Monograph ofthe Cyclanthaceae. topped or funnel-shaped receptacle, the stamens Acta Horti Berg. 18: 1-428. numerous, longitudinally dehiscent; the pistillate Monoecious, perennial, often palmlike herbs 4-parted; tepals coriaceous, basally each bearing either terrestrial, rooted in the ground and climb­ adaxially a conspicuous filamentous staminode, the stigmas forming a cross diagonal to, and ing or wholly epiphytic; stems either stout, often sometimes projecting between, the corners ofthe tough and liana-like or more or less acaulescent. Leaves distichous or spirally arranged; blades square formed by the tepals. Fruits partially or mostly bifid, 1-,2-, or 3-costate, rarely palmately completely fused, together forming a cylindrical divided or entire; petioles flattened above, with or sometimes globose syncarp (often circumcis­ or without a narrow groove, or rarely terete, ba­ silely dehiscent); seeds small, narrowly elliptic to sally sheathing. Inflorescence an unbranched pe­ ovoid, flattened or terete, mucilaginous, numer­ dunculate spadix enclosed by 2-11 usually de­ ous. ciduous spathes. Flowers densely congested with A neotropical family of ten genera and ap­ either each floral group consisting of a central proximately 200 species found almost exclu­ pistillate flower surrounded by four staminate sively in mid to low elevation, wet primary forest flowers or fused in alternate staminate and pis­ from southern Mexico to southeastern BraziL tillate whorls and the individual flowers not dis­ Presumably most are pollinated by beetles and cernible; the staminate with an inconspicuous small weevils attracted to strong, sweet floral fra­ perianth of several resinous knobs or finger-like grances.
    [Show full text]
  • Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products
    Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products of Forest Non-Timber Commercial Shield theGuiana NC-IUCN/GSISeries 2 Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products of the Guiana Shield An inventory of commercial NTFP extraction and possibilities for sustainable harvesting By Tinde van Andel Amy MacKinven and Olaf Bánki Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products of the Guiana Shield is the second in a series of documents to be published by the Guiana Shield Initiative (GSI) of the Netherlands Committee for IUCN. The GSI received funding from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Dutch Government to lay the foundations for a longterm eco-regional project to finance sustainable development and conservation of the unique ecosystems of the Guiana Shield. This eco-region encompasses parts of Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and the whole of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. NTFP Report def.DEF. 11-12-2003 10:48 Pagina 1 Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products of the Guiana Shield NTFP Report def.DEF. 11-12-2003 10:48 Pagina 2 Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products of the Guiana Shield An inventory of commercial NTFP extraction and possibilities for sustainable harvesting By Tinde van Andel, Amy MacKinven and Olaf Bánki Amsterdam 2003 NTFP Report def.DEF. 11-12-2003 10:48 Pagina 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Preface Introduction 1.1 The Guiana Shield Eco-Region 1.2 The Guiana Shield Initiative 1.3 The Guayana Shield Conservation Priority Setting Workshop 1.4 Non-Timber Forest Products 1.5 Commercial NTFP extraction and biodiversity conservation 1.6 Aim of this report 1.7 Why include wildlife in a NTFP study? 1.8 Baseline biological research in the Guiana Shield Andel, van T.R., MacKinven, A.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Knowedge Acquisition Among Tsimane' Children In
    ETHNOBOTANICAL KNOWEDGE ACQUISITION AMONG TSIMANE’ CHILDREN IN THE BOLIVIAN AMAZON by MARIA-RUTH MARTINEZ-RODRIGUEZ (Under the direction of Brent Berlin) ABSTRACT This dissertation is concerned with the acquisition of ethnobotanical knowledge, defined here as local knowledge about plants accumulated across generations. Ethnobotanical knowledge is highly valued for the role it plays in facilitating human survival over generations, its contribution to material culture, its role in conservation of biological diversity, nutrition, health, and agriculture. The process of ethnobotanical knowledge survival depends upon its transmission from one generation to another. To explore the issue of ethnobotanical knowledge acquisition, this dissertation focuses in the relationship of Tsimane’ children with their socio-environmental conditions. The Tsimane’ are an indigenous group traditionally of horticulturalists and hunter-gatherers located in the Department of Beni, Bolivia. The Tsimane’ are going through continual environmental and socio-cultural changes providing a rich case for this examination; they have historically had low contact with western society, are highly autarkic, and still depend highly in forest resources for their livelihood. This work explores through history, ethnography, and quantitative ethnobotany how Tsimane’ children acquire ethnobotanical knowledge. In order to explore how ethnobotanical knowledge is acquired, this work tested parent- children relationship and children’s individual characteristics with their children’s ethnobotanical knowledge. Initial hypothesis of this dissertation stated that ethnobotanical knowledge held by Tsimane’ children is positively associated to the same sex parent, this due to traditional gender division in work. I also hypothesized that children’s demographic characteristics, namely gender, age, and household, influence ethnobotanical knowledge acquisition. These hypotheses were tested with ethnobotanical knowledge tests carried out with 59 children and 39 adults, who were these children parents’.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Diversity and Abundance of Plants with Flowers and Fruits From
    Revista Peruana de Biología ISSN: 1561-0837 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Perú Choo, Johanna P.S.; Vasquez Martínez, Rodolfo; Stiles, Edmund W. Diversity and Abundance of Plants with Flowers and Fruits from October 2001 to September 2002 in Paucarillo Reserve, Northeastern Amazon, Peru Revista Peruana de Biología, vol. 14, núm. 1, agosto, 2007, pp. 25-31 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima, Perú Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=195018583006 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Versión Online ISSN 1727-9933 Rev. peru. biol. 14(1): 025- 031 (Agosto 2007) DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF PLANTS WITH FLOWERS AND FRUITS IN PAUCARILLO RESERVE © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Diversity and Abundance of Plants with Flowers and Fruits from October 2001 to September 2002 in Paucarillo Reserve, Northeas- tern Amazon, Peru Diversidad y abundancia de plantas con fl ores y frutos entre octubre 2001 y septiembre 2002 en la Reserva Paucarillo, en el noroeste de la Amazonía Peruana Johanna P.S. Choo1,3, Rodolfo Vasquez Martínez2 and Edmund W. Stiles1,4 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Botany, Genetics and Ethnobotany: a Crossed Investigation on the Elusive Tapir’S Diet in French Guiana
    Botany, genetics and ethnobotany: a crossed investigation on the elusive tapir’s diet in French Guiana. Fabrice Hibert, Daniel Sabatier, Judith Andrivot, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne, Sophie Gonzalez, Marie-Françoise Prévost, Pierre Grenand, Jérome Chave, Henri Caron, Cécile Richard-Hansen To cite this version: Fabrice Hibert, Daniel Sabatier, Judith Andrivot, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne, Sophie Gonzalez, et al.. Botany, genetics and ethnobotany: a crossed investigation on the elusive tapir’s diet in French Guiana.. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2011, 6 (10), pp.e25850. 10.1371/journal.pone.0025850. halsde-00676374 HAL Id: halsde-00676374 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00676374 Submitted on 29 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Botany, Genetics and Ethnobotany: A Crossed Investigation on the Elusive Tapir’s Diet in French Guiana Fabrice Hibert1*, Daniel Sabatier2,3, Judith Andrivot1,4, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne4, Sophie Gonzalez2, Marie-Franc¸oise Pre´vost2, Pierre Grenand5,Je´rome Chave6, Henri Caron7,Ce´cile Richard-Hansen1
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Alvaro J. Duque M
    Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Alvaro J. Duque M. Introduction 1.1 INTRODUCTION Northwestern Amazonian forest conservation: a challenge for ecologists The actual deforestation rates in Amazonian rain forests are extremely high. The worst case scenario could lead to an almost total disappearance of the largest tropical forest mass that nowadays exists on the earth, in a relatively short time (Laurance et al. 2001). Patterns of rain forest plant diversity in northwestern (NW) Amazonia have particular importance as plant diversity in this area reaches exceptional high values per unit area (Gentry 1988a, Valencia et al. 1994, ter Steege et al. 2003). To guarantee an effective conservation planning, basic knowledge on the distribution of individual species and species assemblages is necessary. In spite of the fact that information concerning to plant communities has much increased in the last decade, most studies have focused on trees because they are the most conspicuous elements in the forests (Gentry 1988b, Duivenvoorden 1995, 1996, Pitman et al. 1999, 2001, ter Steege et al. 2000, Condit et al. 2002). However, it is well known that vascular plant diversity in tropical rain forests is also well represented by other growth forms, such as climbers, shrubs, epiphytes and herbs (Gentry and Dobson 1987, Duivenvoorden 1994, Balslev et al. 1998, Galeano et al. 1998). In addition to this lack of knowledge on non-tree growth forms, most studies have been based on different methodological approaches at individual species or community level, different sample designs, and different spatial scales, which hampers the comparisons and extrapolations among independent case studies. The Pleistocene and Miocene-Pliocene climate history has been considered as the cornerstone to understand the origin of the plant and animal biodiversity and biogeography in Amazonian rain forests (Haffer 1969, Colinvaux 1987, Van der Hammen and Absy 1994, Hooghiemstra and van der Hammen 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • The Systematic Distribution of Vascular Epiphytes: an Update
    Selbyana 9: 2-22 THE SYSTEMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF VASCULAR EPIPHYTES: AN UPDATE w. JOHN KREss Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 811 South Palm Avenue, Sarasota, Florida 33577 ABSTRACT. The list of vascular plant families and genera containing epiphytic species published by Madison (1977) is updated here. Ten percent (23,456 species) of all vascular plant species are epiphytes. Seven percent (876) of the genera, 19 percent (84) of the families, 45 percent (44) of the orders and 75 percent (6) of the classes contain epiphytes. Twenty-three families contain over 50 epiphytic species each. The Orchidaceae is the largest family of epiphytes, containing 440 epiphytic genera and 13,951 epiphytic species. Forty-three genera of vascular plants each contain over 100 epiphytic species. In 1977 Madison published a list of the vas­ those plants that normally spend their entire life cular plant families and genera that contain epi­ cycle perched on another plant and receive all phytic species. Madison compiled this list from mineral nutrients from non-terrestrial sources. literature reports, consultation with taxonomic Hemi~epiphytes normally spend only part oftheir specialists, and a survey of herbarium material. life cycle perched on another plant and thus some He reported that 65 families contain 850 genera mineral nutrients are received from terrestrial and 28,200 species of epiphytes. His total ac­ sources. Hemi-epiphytes either begin their life counted for about ten percent of all species of cycle as epiphytes and eventually send roots and vascular plants. shoots to the ground (primary hemi-epiphytes), Madison's list was the most comprehensive or begin as terrestrially established seedlings that compilation of vascular epiphytes since the works secondarily become epiphytic by severing all of Schimper (1888) and Richards (1952) upon connections with the ground (secondary hemi­ which it was partly based.
    [Show full text]