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Anti-Malarial Activity and Toxicity Assessment of Himatanthus
Vale et al. Malaria Journal (2015) 14:132 DOI 10.1186/s12936-015-0643-1 RESEARCH Open Access Anti-malarial activity and toxicity assessment of Himatanthus articulatus, a plant used to treat malaria in the Brazilian Amazon Valdicley V Vale1, Thyago C Vilhena1, Rafaela C Santos Trindade2, Márlia Regina C Ferreira2, Sandro Percário3,7, Luciana F Soares4, Washington Luiz A Pereira5, Geraldo C Brandão8, Alaíde B Oliveira1,4, Maria F Dolabela1,6 and Flávio De Vasconcelos1* Abstract Background: Plasmodium falciparum has become resistant to some of the available drugs. Several plant species are used for the treatment of malaria, such as Himatanthus articulatus in parts of Brazil. The present paper reports the phyto-chemistry, the anti-plasmodial and anti-malarial activity, as well as the toxicity of H. articulatus. Methods: Ethanol and dichloromethane extracts were obtained from the powder of stem barks of H. articulatus and later fractionated and analysed. The anti-plasmodial activity was assessed against a chloroquine resistant strain P. falciparum (W2) in vitro, whilst in vivo anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA strain) was tested in mice, evaluating the role of oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity - TEAC; lipid peroxidation – TBARS, and nitrites and nitrates - NN). In addition, cytotoxicity was evaluated using the HepG2 A16 cell-line. The acute oral and sub-chronic toxicity of the ethanol extract were evaluated in both male and female mice. Results: Plumieride was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract, Only the dichloromethane extract was active against clone W2. Nevertheless, both extracts reduced parasitaemia in P. berghei-infected mice. -
Botany, Genetics and Ethnobotany: a Crossed Investigation on the Elusive Tapir’S Diet in French Guiana
Botany, Genetics and Ethnobotany: A Crossed Investigation on the Elusive Tapir’s Diet in French Guiana Fabrice Hibert1*, Daniel Sabatier2,3, Judith Andrivot1,4, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne4, Sophie Gonzalez2, Marie-Franc¸oise Pre´vost2, Pierre Grenand5,Je´rome Chave6, Henri Caron7,Ce´cile Richard-Hansen1 1 Direction Etudes et Recherches Guyane, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Kourou, French Guiana, France, 2 Herbier de Guyane, UMR AMAP, IRD, Cayenne, French Guiana, France, 3 UMR AMAP, IRD, Montpellier, France, 4 UMR 0745 EcoFoG, INRA, Kourou, French Guiana, France, 5 UPS 3188 IRD, OHM Oyapock du CNRS, Cayenne, French Guiana, France, 6 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite´ Biologique, UMR 5174 CNRS, Universite´ Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France, 7 INRA, Universite´ de Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, Cestas, France Abstract While the populations of large herbivores are being depleted in many tropical rainforests, the importance of their trophic role in the ecological functioning and biodiversity of these ecosystems is still not well evaluated. This is due to the outstanding plant diversity that they feed upon and the inherent difficulties involved in observing their elusive behaviour. Classically, the diet of elusive tropical herbivores is studied through the observation of browsing signs and macroscopic analysis of faeces or stomach contents. In this study, we illustrate that the original coupling of classic methods with genetic and ethnobotanical approaches yields information both about the diet diversity, the foraging modalities and the potential impact on vegetation of the largest terrestrial mammal of Amazonia, the lowland tapir. The study was conducted in the Guianan shield, where the ecology of tapirs has been less investigated. -
The Code of Practice for Mangrove Harvesting
The Code of Practice for Mangrove Harvesting March 2011 Owen Bovell Mangrove Specialist Guyana Mangrove Restoration Project 1 This publication has been produced with the assistance from the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the Guyana Mangrove Restoration Project (GMRP) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. i Code of Practice for Mangrove Harvesting ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A great number of persons and organisations contributed to the development of the Code of Practice for Mangrove Harvesting. I gratefully acknowledge the support of the coastal fishermen, the burnt brick producers of Berbice, the past and present mangrove bark harvesters of Barima, Imbatero, Morrawhanna and Aruka and the honey producers in Region 4. The Code was developed with over two years of inputs from stakeholders, with maximum effort to involve as many interested organisations and individuals as possible. Other codes of forest harvesting and timber harvesting practices from around the world were reviewed during the development of this Code. This includes the FAO Model Code of Forest Harvesting Practice and the ILO Code of Practice on Safety and Health in Forest Work; Code of Practice for Sustainable Use of Mangrove Ecosystems for Aquaculture in Southeast Asia and Code of Practice for Forest Harvesting in Asia-Pacific which were widely consulted. Special thanks! Many local documents were reviewed which contributed greatly in guiding the preparation of this Code. These included: National Mangrove Management Plan 2010; Guyana Forestry Commission Draft Code of Practice for Mangrove Management 2004; Code of Practice for Forest Harvesting 2002; The Socio-Economic Context of the Harvesting and Utilisation of Mangrove Vegetation (Allan et al); The National Mangrove Management Secretariat provided much logistical support for its development. -
Codebook for 389696727Guyana Lapop Americasbarometer 2012 Rev1 W
Codebook for 389696727guyana lapop americasbarometer 2012 rev1_w pais Country -- All data are copyrighted by the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) and may only be used with the explicit written permission of LAPOP, normally via a license or repository agreement (see our web page for instructions, www.LapopSurveys.org). Data sets may never be disseminated to third parties. -- All data are deidentified and regulated by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Vanderbilt University. They may be used only by those who have fulfilled all IRB requirements. -- For more information and details about the sample design, please consult the technical and country reports through a link on the LAPOP website: www.AmericasBarometer.org. 24 Guyana year Year 2012 idnum Questionnaire number [assigned at the office]. Interview number estratopri Stratum_code 2401 Greater Georgetown 2402 Region 3 and rest of region 4 2403 Regions 2,5,6 2404 Regions 1,7,8,9,10 estratosec Size of the Municipality 1 Large (Urban areas) 2 Medium (Rural areas with more than 5,000) 3 Small (Rural areas with fewer than 5,000) upm Primary Sampling Unit prov Regions municipio County (Urban areas) 104 Waini 202 Riverstown / Annandale 205 Charity / Urasara 206 Anna Regina 301 Patentia / Toevlugt 302 Canals Polder 305 Klein Pouderoyen / Best 307 Blankenburg / Hague 309 Uitvlugt / Tuschen 314 Wakenaam ( Essequibo Islands ) 315 Amsterdam (Demerara River) / Vriesland 317 Sparta / Bonasika and Rest of Essequibo Islands 402 Vereeniging / Unity 403 Grove / Haslington 405 Foulis / Buxton 406 La Reconnaissance / Mon Repos 408 La Bonne Intention / Better Hope 409 Plaisance / Industry 411 Mocha / Arcadia 413 Diamond / Golden Grove 414 Good Success / Caledonia 416 City of Georgetown 417 Suburbs of Georgetown 418 Soesdyke-Linden highway (including Timehri) 502 Rosignol / Zeelust 503 Bel Air / Woodlands 504 Woodley Park / Bath 505 Naarstigheid / Union 602 No.74 Village / No.52 Village 608 Whim / Bloomfield 609 John / Port Mourant 611 Fyrish / Gibraltar 613 No. -
Republic of Guyana APPLICATION for FIREARM LICENCE (BY an AMERINDIAN LIVING in a REMOTE VILLAGE OR COMMUNITY)
Republic of Guyana APPLICATION FOR FIREARM LICENCE (BY AN AMERINDIAN LIVING IN A REMOTE VILLAGE OR COMMUNITY) INSTRUCTION: Please complete application in CAPITAL LETTERS. Failure to complete all sections will affect processing of the application. If you need more space for any section, print an additional page containing the appropriate section, complete and submit with application. Last Name: Maiden Name: Photograph of First Name: Applicant Middle Name: Alias: FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Police Division: __________________ Date: ______/____/____ Form Number: _____________ yyyy/mm/dd Applicants are required to submit two (2) recent passport size photographs, along with the following documents to facilitate processing of the application: DOCUMENTS REQUIRED (Copies and original for verification, where applicable) 1. Birth Certificate, Naturalization or Registration Certificate (if applicable) 2. National Identification Card or Passport (if applicable) 3. Two (2) recent testimonials in support of the application 4. Evidence of farming activities 5. Evidence of occupation of land 6. Firearms Licensing Approval Board Medical Report NOTE: Applicants are advised that the submission of photographic evidence of their farms will be helpful. PROCESSING FEE All successful applicants are required to pay a processing fee. The fee applicable to Amerindians living in remote villages and communities is $ 2,500 (Shotgun). PLEASE REFER TO THE ATTACHED LIST OF REMOTE VILLAGES AND COMMUNITIES. 1 Application Process for a Firearm Licence The process from application to final approval or rejection for a firearm licence is as follows: 1. The applicant completes the Firearm Licence Application Form, and submits along with a Medical Report for Firearm Licence, and the required documentation to ONE of the following locations: a. -
The Edgar Mittelholzer Memorial Lectures
BEACONS OF EXCELLENCE: THE EDGAR MITTELHOLZER MEMORIAL LECTURES VOLUME 3: 1986-2013 Edited and with an Introduction by Andrew O. Lindsay 1 Edited by Andrew O. Lindsay BEACONS OF EXCELLENCE: THE EDGAR MITTELHOLZER MEMORIAL LECTURES - VOLUME 3: 1986-2013 Preface © Andrew Jefferson-Miles, 2014 Introduction © Andrew O. Lindsay, 2014 Cover design by Peepal Tree Press Cover photograph: Courtesy of Jacqueline Ward All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without permission. Published by the Caribbean Press. ISBN 978-1-907493-67-6 2 Contents: Tenth Series, 1986: The Arawak Language in Guyanese Culture by John Peter Bennett FOREWORD by Denis Williams .......................................... 3 PREFACE ................................................................................. 5 THE NAMING OF COASTAL GUYANA .......................... 7 ARAWAK SUBSISTENCE AND GUYANESE CULTURE ........................................................................ 14 Eleventh Series, 1987. The Relevance of Myth by George P. Mentore PREFACE ............................................................................... 27 MYTHIC DISCOURSE......................................................... 29 SOCIETY IN SHODEWIKE ................................................ 35 THE SELF CONSTRUCTED ............................................... 43 REFERENCES ....................................................................... 51 Twelfth Series, 1997: Language and National Unity by Richard Allsopp CHAIRMAN’S FOREWORD -
Canada-Guyana Outreach Mission Health Care for Guyana
Canada-Guyana Outreach Mission Health Care for Guyana 2017 REPORT FEBRUARY TRIP TO GUYANA 2017 was a very busy year for Canada-Guyana Outreach Mission (CanGO). In February, I traveled to Guyana to conclude some unfinished business with the Guyana Revenue Agency and to make dental arrangements for the children who will be having surgery in March 2018. At that time I took the opportunity to visit the Ministry of Public Health, the Diaspora Unit of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Prime Minister’s office where I discussed the many challenges we were experiencing while trying to organize the annual mission. VISIT WITH THE FIRST LADY The day before I returned to Canada, I was very fortunate to meet with the First Lady, Mrs. Sandra Granger at State House. The First Lady mentioned her concerns about the Indigenous Peoples including: a) High rate of teen pregnancy b) High rate of HIV c) Teen mothers who do not know how to care for their children d) VIA testing (screening for cervical cancer) I reported CanGO’s accomplishments on previous missions and assured Mrs. Granger that we will continue VIA and STD (sexually transmitted diseases) testing in October 2017. AWARD FROM THE GUYANA CULTURAL ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK Members of CanGO were very honoured to accept the 2017 Guyana Cultural Association (GCA) Award in recognition of our community service in Guyana. Needless to say, we are very appreciative of the acknowledgement of our work with the Indigenous Peoples of Guyana. We’re also grateful to Cyril Bryan (who has been following us for many years) for nominating us for this prestigious award. -
Displacement Tracking Matrix
JANUARY- FEBRUARY 2021 Displacement Tracking Matrix GUYANA - FLOW MONITORING SURVEYS OF VENEZUELAN NATIONALS IN MABARUMA, REGION ONE Displacement GUYANA - MABARUMA, REGION ONE Tracking Matrix January-February 2021 CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . .3 2. CONCEPT . 4 3. INTRODUCTION. .4 4. METHODOLOGY. .6 5. POPULATION PROFILE. 6 6. MIGRATION ROUTE AND STATUS. .8 7. ECONOMIC AND LABOUR SITUATION . .12 8. HEALTH ACCESS. .15 9. NEEDS AND ASSISTANCE. 16 10. PROTECTION . 18 DISCLAIMERS AND COPYRIGHT The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to assist in the meeting of operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. International Organization for Migration 107 -108 Duke Street UN Common House Kingston, Georgetown Guyana, South America Tel.: +592 -225-375 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.iom.int This DTM activity was funded by the US Department of State – Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (BPRM) and implemented by IOM. -
CBD Fifth National Report
i ii GUYANA’S FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Approved by the Cabinet of the Government of Guyana May 2015 Funded by the Global Environment Facility Environmental Protection Agency Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment Georgetown September 2014 i ii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................................ V ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................................................................... VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................... I 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 DESCRIPTION OF GUYANA .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 RATIFICATION AND NATIONAL REPORTING TO THE UNCBD .............................................................................................. 2 1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF GUYANA’S BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ................................................................................................. 3 SECTION I: STATUS, TRENDS, THREATS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN WELL‐BEING ...................................... 12 2. IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY -
Estimates of the Public Sector for the Year 2012 Volume 3
2 2 GUYANA P P U U B B ESTIMATES L L OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR I I C C S S 0 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT E E DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME C C T CAPITAL V T GUY O O OL PROJECTS PROFILES R R UME ANA 2 2 For the year 0 0 2012 1 1 3 2 2 1 As presented to E E S S THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY T T I I M M A A T T E Presented to Parliament in March, 2012 E by the Honourable Dr. Ashni Singh, Minister of Finance. S Produced and Compiled by the Office of the Budget, Ministry of Finance S 2 VOLUME 3 Printed by Guyana National Printers Limited INDEX TO CENTRAL GOVERNMENT CAPITAL PROJECTS DIVISION AGENCYPROGRAMME PROJECT TITLE REF. # 1 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 011 - Head Office Administration Office and Residence of the President 1 1 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 011 - Head Office Administration Information Communication Technology 2 1 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 011 - Head Office Administration Minor Works 3 1 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 011 - Head Office Administration Land Transport 4 1 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 011 - Head Office Administration Purchase of Equipment 5 1 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 011 - Head Office Administration Civil Defence Commission 6 1 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 011 - Head Office Administration Joint Intelligence Coordinating Centre 7 1 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 011 - Head Office Administration Land Use Master Plan 8 1 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 011 - Head Office Administration Guyana Office for Investment 9 1 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 011 - Head Office Administration Government Information Agency 10 1 OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 011 - Head Office Administration Guyana Energy Agency 11 -
Community Structure of Vascular Plants in Treefall Gaps and Fire
Revista Brasil. Bot., V.30, n.2, p.303-313, abr.-jun. 2007 Community structure of vascular plants in treefall gaps and fire-disturbed habitats in the Atlantic rainforest, southern Bahia, Brazil ADRIANA MARIA ZANFORLIN MARTINI1,5, FLAVIO ANTONIO MAËS DOS SANTOS2, PAULO INÁCIO PRADO3 and JOMAR GOMES JARDIM4 (recebido: 23 de março de 2006; aceito: 03 de maio de 2007) ABSTRACT – (Community structure of vascular plants in treefall gaps and fire-disturbed habitats in the Atlantic rainforest, southern Bahia, Brazil). The effects of disturbances on plant community structure in tropical forests have been widely investigated. However, a majority of these studies examined only woody species, principally trees, whereas the effects of disturbances on the whole assemblage of vascular plants remain largely unexplored. At the present study, all vascular plants < 5m tall were surveyed in four habitats: natural treefall gaps, burned forest, and their adjacent understorey. The burned area differed from the other habitats in terms of species composition. However, species richness and plant density did not differ between burned area and the adjacent understorey, which is in accordance to the succession model that predict a rapid recovery of species richness, but with a different species composition in areas under moderate disturbance. The treefall gaps and the two areas of understorey did not differ among themselves in terms of the number of individuals, number of species, nor in species composition. The absence of differences between the vegetation in treefall gaps and in understorey areas seems to be in agreement with the current idea that the species present in treefall gaps are directly related to the vegetation composition before gap formation. -
Disentangling the Phenotypic Variation and Pollination Biology of the Cyclocephala Sexpunctata Species Complex (Coleoptera:Scara
DISENTANGLING THE PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AND POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF THE CYCLOCEPHALA SEXPUNCTATA SPECIES COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE) A Thesis by Matthew Robert Moore Bachelor of Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009 Submitted to the Department of Biological Sciences and the faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science July 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Matthew Robert Moore All Rights Reserved DISENTANGLING THE PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AND POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF THE CYCLOCEPHALA SEXPUNCTATA SPECIES COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE) The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science with a major in Biological Sciences. ________________________ Mary Jameson, Committee Chair ________________________ Bin Shuai, Committee Member ________________________ Gregory Houseman, Committee Member ________________________ Peer Moore-Jansen, Committee Member iii DEDICATION To my parents and my dearest friends iv "The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and all science. He to whom this emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead: his eyes are closed." – Albert Einstein v ACKNOWLEDMENTS I would like to thank my academic advisor, Mary Jameson, whose years of guidance, patience and enthusiasm have so positively influenced my development as a scientist and person. I would like to thank Brett Ratcliffe and Matt Paulsen of the University of Nebraska State Museum for their generous help with this project.