DOCSLIB.ORG

Disentangling the Phenotypic Variation and Pollination Biology of the Cyclocephala Sexpunctata Species Complex (Coleoptera:Scara

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Disentangling the Phenotypic Variation and Pollination Biology of the Cyclocephala Sexpunctata Species Complex (Coleoptera:Scara DISENTANGLING THE PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AND POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF THE CYCLOCEPHALA SEXPUNCTATA SPECIES COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE) A Thesis by Matthew Robert Moore Bachelor of Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009 Submitted to the Department of Biological Sciences and the faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science July 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Matthew Robert Moore All Rights Reserved DISENTANGLING THE PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AND POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF THE CYCLOCEPHALA SEXPUNCTATA SPECIES COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE) The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science with a major in Biological Sciences. ________________________ Mary Jameson, Committee Chair ________________________ Bin Shuai, Committee Member ________________________ Gregory Houseman, Committee Member ________________________ Peer Moore-Jansen, Committee Member iii DEDICATION To my parents and my dearest friends iv "The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and all science. He to whom this emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead: his eyes are closed." – Albert Einstein v ACKNOWLEDMENTS I would like to thank my academic advisor, Mary Jameson, whose years of guidance, patience and enthusiasm have so positively influenced my development as a scientist and person. I would like to thank Brett Ratcliffe and Matt Paulsen of the University of Nebraska State Museum for their generous help with this project. Several others deserve credit for helping me along the way: Dr. Maxi Polihronakis, Dr. Bin Shuai and Dr. Karen Brown-Sullivan. Lastly, I am very grateful to the researchers at the Biofinity Project (http://biofinity.unl.edu) for their funding of this work. vi ABSTRACT Researching cryptic biodiversity is an integrative process that uses a “total evidence” approach to identify population-level evolutionary lineages (species). Cryptic species of aroids have been discovered but the existence of cryptic pollinator species has not been addressed. The highly polymorphic scarab beetle, Cyclocephala sexpunctata, is a hypothesized pollinator of two cryptic aroid species. This research integrates detailed morphological data, spatial and distribution data, mitochondrial CO1 sequence data and host plant associations to test the hypothesis that cryptic species of Cyclocephala are visiting aroid flowers. Nine morphologically similar Cyclocephala species were included to address identification problems among similar species. A new country record was found for C. pan (Honduras). A female paratype specimen of C. letiranti was determined to be a female C. sexpunctata raising the possibility that there are no female type specimens of C. letiranti. Four unique male paramere forms (morphotypes) were found in C. sexpunctata and the allied species C. brevis. These paramere forms were associated with four female morphotypes that have a diagnostic form of the ventral surface of the epipleural pillow. The ventral form of the female epipleural pillow is described here for the first time and is a new character for the genus Cyclocephala. Detailed elevational and distribution data indicate that the morphotypes of C. sexpunctata and C. brevis are rarely collected together at specific localities. A checklist of cyclocephaline floral associations was compiled. Examination of voucher specimens and published floral associations indicate that the morphotypes described here visit different species of flowers within their hypothesized elevational range. Mitochondrial CO1 data demonstrate that C. sexpunctata is polyphyletic but the monophyly of C. brevis could not be addressed. The combination of these datasets indicates that the morphotypes described here are cryptic species though their taxonomy remains unresolved due to large numbers of synonyms. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Questions and Significance 2 2. BACKGROUND 4 2.1 The genus Cyclocephala 4 2.2 Variation in Species-level Diagnostic Characters 5 2.3 Variation and Diagnosability of C. sexpunctata, C. brevis and Morphologically Allied Species 5 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 8 3.1 Taxa Selection 8 3.2 Morphological and Distribution Data 8 3.3 Scoring Maculae Phenotypes 10 3.4 Molecular Methods 11 3.4.1 DNA Extraction 11 3.4.2 Mitochondrial CO1 Amplification 11 3.4.3 Purification, Sequencing and Contig Assembly 12 3.4.4 Alignment and Parsimony Analysis 13 3.5 Checklist of Floral Associations for the Cyclocephalini 13 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 16 4.1 Taxa Selection and Specimen Acquisition 16 4.1.1 Taxa Selection 16 4.1.2 Specimen Acquisition 17 4.1.3 Discussion 18 4.2 The Morphology and Distribution of Morphotypes 21 4.2.1 Morphotype 1 22 4.2.2 Morphotype 2 29 4.2.3 Morphotype 3 36 4.2.4 Morphotype 4 45 4.2.5 Sympatry of the Morphotypes 51 4.2.6 Discussion 51 4.3 Maculae Phenotypes 54 4.3.1 Morphotype 1 55 4.3.2 Morphotype 2 57 4.3.3 Morphotype 3 60 4.3.4 Morphotype 4 63 4.3.5 Discussion 65 4.4 Molecular Relationships 66 4.4.1 Discussion 68 4.5 Checklist of Floral Associations for the Cyclocephalini 70 4.5.1 Discussion 80 5. CONCLUSIONS 83 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Chapter Page REFERENCES 87 APPENDICES 101 1. Molecular Voucher Specimen and Sequence Data 102 2. Mitochondrial CO1 Alignment 113 3. Checklist of Floral Associations for the Cyclocephalini 121 ix LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Taxonomic history of C. sexpunctata. 7 2. Taxonomic history of C. brevis. 7 3. Primers for CO1 amplification. 12 4. CO1 sequences from NCBI. 13 5. Cyclocephala species of the C. sexpunctata species group examined during this study. 16 6. Private and institutional collections providing loaned material. 17 7. Elevational distribution of morphotype 1. 27 8. Elevational distribution of morphotype 2. 34 9. Elevational distribution of morphotype 3. 43 10. Elevational distribution of morphotype 4. 50 11. Localities of sympatry between morphotypes. 51 12. Cyclocephaline synonyms reported in floral association literature. 71 13. Unresolved cyclocephaline names reported in floral association literature. 71 14. Plant synonyms reported in floral association literature. 71 15. Manuscript names and unresolved plant names reported in floral association literature. 73 16. Generic level summary of cyclocephaline floral associations based on most specific data. 73 17. Host plant data for the C. sexpunctata species complex. 78 x LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Dorsal maculae of C. sexpunctata. 10 2. Ventral view of female epipleural flange of C. letiranti from Costa Rica, Puntarenas (Monte Verde Forest Reserve). 20 3. Lateral view of female epipleural flange of C. letiranti from Costa Rica, Puntarenas (Monte Verde Forest Reserve). 20 4. Dorsal habitus of morphotype 1 female and male.. 23 5. Caudal view of parameres of a Morphotype 1 male from El Salvador, Ahuachapán (Parque Nacional El Imposible, Cancha San Benito). 23 6. Lateral view of parameres of a Morphotype 1 male from El Salvador, Ahuachapán (Parque Nacional El Imposible, Cancha San Benito). 23 7. Caudal view of parameres of a morphotype 1 male from Mexico, Chiapas (Finca Irlanda). 24 8. Lateral view of parameres of a morphotype 1 male from Mexico, Chiapas (Finca Irlanda). 24 9. Ventral view of female epipleural flange of morphotype 1 from Honduras, Yoro (Sinai, 5.3 km NW of Sn. Fco. Campo). 24 10. Ventral view of female epipleural flange of morphotype 1 from Honduras, Yoro (Pico Pijol National Park). 25 11. Lateral view of female epipleural flange of morphotype 1 from Honduras, Yoro (Sinai, 5.3 km NW of Sn. Fco. Campo). 25 12. Ventral form of female epipleural pillow of morphotype 1 from Honduras, Yoro (Sinai, 5.3 km NW of Sn. Fco. Campo). 26 13. The distribution of morphotype 1 in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. 27 14. Dorsal habitus of morphotype 2 female and male. 30 15. Caudal view of parameres of a morphotype 2 male from Costa Rica, Guanacaste (Rio San Lorenzo, R. F. Cord., Tenorio). 30 16. lateral view of parameres of a morphotype 2 male from Costa Rica, Guanacaste (Rio San Lorenzo, R. F. Cord., Tenorio). 30 17. Caudal view of parameres of a morphotype 2 male from Costa Rica, Puntarenas (Est. La Casona Res. Biol. Monteverde). 31 xi LIST OF FIGURES (continued) Figure Page 18. Lateral view of parameres of a morphotype 2 male from Costa Rica, Puntarenas (Est. La Casona Res. Biol. Monteverde). 31 19. Ventral view of female epipleural flange of morphotype 2 from Costa Rica, Puntarenas (Monteverde Forest Reserve). 31 20. Ventral view of female epipleural flange of morphotype 2 from Panama, Chiriquí (Santa Clara). 32 21. Lateral view of female epipleural flange of morphotype 2 from Panama, Chiriquí (Finca La Suiza, 5.3 km N. Los Planes). 32 22. Ventral form of female epipleural pillow of morphotype 2 from Costa Rica, Puntarenas (Monteverde Forest Reserve). 33 23. The distribution of morphotype 2 in Costa Rica and Panama. 34 24. Dorsal habitus of morphotype 3 female and male. 37 25. Caudal view of parameres of a morphotype 3 male from Ecuador, Pichincha (Maquipucuna For. Res., 50 km NW Quito). 37 26. Lateral view of parameres of a morphotype 3 male from Ecuador, Pichincha (Maquipucuna For. Res., 50 km NW Quito). 37 27. Caudal view of parameres of a morphotype 3 male from Nicaragua, Jinotega (Cerro Kilambé, Camp 6-Las Torres). 38 28. Lateral view of parameres of a morphotype 3 male from Nicaragua, Jinotega (Cerro Kilambé, Camp 6-Las Torres). 38 29. Ventral view of female epipleural flange morphotype 3 from Costa Rica, Guanacaste (Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N. Guanacaste). 38 30.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Redalyc.Searching for Promising Sources of Grain Protectors In
    Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas ISSN: 0717-7917 [email protected] Universidad de Santiago de Chile Chile do Prado Ribeiro, Leandro; Vendramim, José Djair; Padoan Gonçalves, Gabriel Luiz; Ansante, Thiago Felipe; Micotti da Gloria, Eduardo; de Carvalho Lopes, Jenifer; Mello- Silva, Renato; Batista Fernandes, João Searching for promising sources of grain protectors in extracts from Neotropical Annonaceae Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, vol. 15, núm. 4, julio, 2016, pp. 215-232 Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=85646544003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative © 2016 Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas 15 (4): 215 - 232 ISSN 0717 7917 www.blacpma.usach.cl Artículo Original | Original Article Searching for promising sources of grain protectors in extracts from Neotropical Annonaceae [Búsqueda de fuentes prometedoras de protectores de granos em extractos de Anonaceas Neotropicales] Leandro do Prado Ribeiro1, José Djair Vendramim1, Gabriel Luiz Padoan Gonçalves1, Thiago Felipe Ansante1, Eduardo Micotti da Gloria2, Jenifer de Carvalho Lopes3, Renato Mello-Silva3 & João Batista Fernandes4 1Department of Entomology
    [Show full text]
  • Nitrogen Containing Volatile Organic Compounds
    DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Nitrogen containing Volatile Organic Compounds Verfasserin Olena Bigler angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Pharmazie (Mag.pharm.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 996 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Pharmazie Betreuer: Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. Gerhard Buchbauer Danksagung Vor allem lieben herzlichen Dank an meinen gütigen, optimistischen, nicht-aus-der-Ruhe-zu-bringenden Betreuer Herrn Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. Gerhard Buchbauer ohne dessen freundlichen, fundierten Hinweisen und Ratschlägen diese Arbeit wohl niemals in der vorliegenden Form zustande gekommen wäre. Nochmals Danke, Danke, Danke. Weiteres danke ich meinen Eltern, die sich alles vom Munde abgespart haben, um mir dieses Studium der Pharmazie erst zu ermöglichen, und deren unerschütterlicher Glaube an die Fähigkeiten ihrer Tochter, mich auch dann weitermachen ließ, wenn ich mal alles hinschmeissen wollte. Auch meiner Schwester Ira gebührt Dank, auch sie war mir immer eine Stütze und Hilfe, und immer war sie da, für einen guten Rat und ein offenes Ohr. Dank auch an meinen Sohn Igor, der mit viel Verständnis akzeptierte, dass in dieser Zeit meine Prioritäten an meiner Diplomarbeit waren, und mein Zeitbudget auch für ihn eingeschränkt war. Schliesslich last, but not least - Dank auch an meinen Mann Joseph, der mich auch dann ertragen hat, wenn ich eigentlich unerträglich war. 2 Abstract This review presents a general analysis of the scienthr information about nitrogen containing volatile organic compounds (N-VOC’s) in plants.
    [Show full text]
  • CHIRIMOYA (Annona Cherimola Miller), FRUTAL TROPICAL Y SUB-TROPICAL DE VALORES PROMISORIOS Cultivos Tropicales, Vol
    Cultivos Tropicales ISSN: 0258-5936 [email protected] Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas Cuba González Vega, María Esther CHIRIMOYA (Annona cherimola Miller), FRUTAL TROPICAL Y SUB-TROPICAL DE VALORES PROMISORIOS Cultivos Tropicales, vol. 34, núm. 3, julio-septiembre, 2013, pp. 52-63 Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas La Habana, Cuba Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=193227533008 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Cultivos Tropicales, 2013, vol. 34, no. 3, p. 52-63 julio-septiembre ISSN impreso: 0258-5936 Ministerio de Educación Superior. Cuba ISSN digital: 1819-4087 Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas http://www.ediciones.inca.edu.cu Revisión bibliográfica CHIRIMOYA (Annona cherimola Miller), FRUTAL TROPICAL Y SUB-TROPICAL DE VALORES PROMISORIOS Review Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Miller), fruit-bearing tropical and sub-tropical of promissory values María Esther González Vega ABSTRACT. The anonaceas fruits, among them cherimoya, RESUMEN. Los frutos de anonáceas, entre ellos la chirimoya, present high organoleptic qualities, digestive and nutritious presentan altas cualidades organolépticas, digestivas y values, Annona cherimola Miller species is appreciated too nutritivas, además, como especie, la Annona cherimola Miller by its medicinal and industrial properties in the national market también es apreciada por sus propiedades medicinales e as international. However, ignorance still exists on their industriales tanto en el mercado nacional como internacional. characteristics and potentialities like cultivated plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Crotalaria Longirostrata Hook &
    UNIVERSIDAD RAFAEL LANDÍVAR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES Y AGRÍCOLAS LICENCIATURA EN CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS CON ÉNFASIS EN GERENCIA AGRÍCOLA EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGO DE PLAGAS PARA LA IMPORTACIÓN DE FOLLAJE FRESCO DE CHIPILÍN ( Crotalaria longirostrata Hook & Arn) PROCEDENTES DE GUATEMALA EN LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS. TESIS DE GRADO ADOLFO CARAVANTES MENES CARNET 12863-97 GUATEMALA DE LA ASUNCIÓN, JULIO DE 2014 CAMPUS CENTRAL UNIVERSIDAD RAFAEL LANDÍVAR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES Y AGRÍCOLAS LICENCIATURA EN CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS CON ÉNFASIS EN GERENCIA AGRÍCOLA EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGO DE PLAGAS PARA LA IMPORTACIÓN DE FOLLAJE FRESCO DE CHIPILÍN ( Crotalaria longirostrata Hook & Arn) PROCEDENTES DE GUATEMALA EN LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS. TESIS DE GRADO TRABAJO PRESENTADO AL CONSEJO DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES Y AGRÍCOLAS POR ADOLFO CARAVANTES MENES PREVIO A CONFERÍRSELE EL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO AGRÓNOMO CON ÉNFASIS EN GERENCIA AGRÍCOLA EN EL GRADO ACADÉMICO DE LICENCIADO GUATEMALA DE LA ASUNCIÓN, JULIO DE 2014 CAMPUS CENTRAL AUTORIDADES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD RAFAEL LANDÍVAR RECTOR: P. EDUARDO VALDES BARRIA, S. J. VICERRECTORA ACADÉMICA: DRA. MARTA LUCRECIA MÉNDEZ GONZÁLEZ DE PENEDO VICERRECTOR DE DR. CARLOS RAFAEL CABARRÚS PELLECER, S. J. INVESTIGACIÓN Y PROYECCIÓN: VICERRECTOR DE MGTR. LUIS ESTUARDO QUAN MACK INTEGRACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA: VICERRECTOR LIC. ARIEL RIVERA IRÍAS ADMINISTRATIVO: SECRETARIA GENERAL: LIC. FABIOLA DE LA LUZ PADILLA BELTRANENA DE LORENZANA AUTORIDADES DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES Y AGRÍCOLAS DECANO: DR. ADOLFO OTTONIEL MONTERROSO RIVAS VICEDECANA: LIC. ANNA CRISTINA BAILEY HERNÁNDEZ SECRETARIA: ING. REGINA CASTAÑEDA FUENTES DIRECTOR DE CARRERA: ING. LUIS FELIPE CALDERÓN BRAN NOMBRE DEL ASESOR DE TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN ING. LUIS ALFONSO CANIZ TERREAUX TERNA QUE PRACTICÓ LA EVALUACIÓN ING.
    [Show full text]
  • Nymphalidae, Brassolinae) from Panama, with Remarks on Larval Food Plants for the Subfamily
    Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 5,3 (4), 1999, 142- 152 EARLY STAGES OF CALICO ILLIONEUS AND C. lDOMENEUS (NYMPHALIDAE, BRASSOLINAE) FROM PANAMA, WITH REMARKS ON LARVAL FOOD PLANTS FOR THE SUBFAMILY. CARLA M. PENZ Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA , and Curso de P6s-Gradua9ao em Biocicncias, Pontiffcia Universidade Cat61ica do Rio Grande do SuI, Av. Ipiranga 6681, FOlto Alegre, RS 90619-900, BRAZIL ANNETTE AIELLO Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Ancon, HEPUBLIC OF PANAMA AND ROBERT B. SRYGLEY Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apdo. 2072, Balboa, Ancon, REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PS, ENGLAND ABSTRACT, Here we describe the complete life cycle of Galigo illioneus oberon Butler and the mature larva and pupa of C. idomeneus (L.). The mature larva and pupa of each species are illustrated. We also provide a compilation of host records for members of the Brassolinae and briefly address the interaction between these butterflies and their larval food plants, Additional key words: Central America, host records, monocotyledonous plants, larval food plants. The nymphalid subfamily Brassolinae includes METHODS Neotropical species of large body size and crepuscular habits, both as caterpillars and adults (Harrison 1963, Between 25 May and .31 December, 1994 we Casagrande 1979, DeVries 1987, Slygley 1994). Larvae searched for ovipositing female butterflies along generally consume large quantities of plant material to Pipeline Road, Soberania National Park, Panama, mo­ reach maturity, a behavior that may be related as much tivated by a study on Caligo mating behavior (Srygley to the low nutrient content of their larval food plants & Penz 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Potencial Inseticida De Plantas Da Família Annonaceae1
    225 POTENCIAL INSETICIDA DE PLANTAS DA FAMÍLIA ANNONACEAE1 DIONES KRINSKI2,4, ANGÉLICA MASSAROLI3,4, MARILZA MACHADO5,6 RESUMO- A utilização de plantas para o controle de insetos tem aumentado em todo o mundo. Isto ocorre porque os inseticidas vegetais apresentam moléculas biodegradáveis, são menos tóxicos a mamíferos e potencialmente adequados para utilização no controle de pragas. As plantas da família Annonaceae estão ganhando destaque como biopesticidas por serem naturalmente bioativas, apresentando atividade citotóxica, antitumoral, vermicida, antimicrobiana, imunossupressora, antiemética, inibidora do apetite e crescimento, antimalárica e também inseticida. A atividade inseticida das anonáceas deve-se à presença de acetogeninas, substâncias que atuam nas mitocôndrias, inibindo a NADH – ubiquinona oxidorredutase, causando a morte dos insetos. Nesta revisão, relatamos a utilização de anonáceas no controle de insetos, mostrando que até o momento, apenas 42 espécies de anonáceas possuem informações de atividade inseticida contra pouco mais de 60 espécies de insetos-praga. Estas informações mostram que muita pesquisa ainda é necessária, principalmente para conhecer a atividade inseticida de outras espécies de anonáceas, além de seus efeitos sobre insetos-praga ainda não estudados. Assim, teremos como alternativa para o desenvolvimento sustentável, a utilização de novos inseticidas vegetais, como os obtidos das diferentes espécies de anonáceas, os quais podem atuar como mais uma ferramenta para equilibrar os exageros da agricultura química ou convencional. Termos para indexação: plantas inseticidas; fitoinseticidas; controle alternativo. INSECTICIDAL POTENTIAL OF THE ANNONACEAE FAMILY PLANTS ABSTRACT- The use of plants compounds for the control of insects has increased worldwide. This occurs because the vegetal insecticides contains biodegradable compounds, nontoxic products and potentially suitable for use in pest control.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae* ) in Agroecological Systems of Northern Cauca, Colombia
    Pardo-Locarno et al.: White Grub Complex in Agroecological Systems 355 STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE WHITE GRUB COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE* ) IN AGROECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF NORTHERN CAUCA, COLOMBIA LUIS CARLOS PARDO-LOCARNO1, JAMES MONTOYA-LERMA2, ANTHONY C. BELLOTTI3 AND AART VAN SCHOONHOVEN3 1Vegetales Orgánicos C.T.A. 2Departmento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Apartado Aéreo 25360, Cali, Colombia 3Parque Científico Agronatura, CIAT, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical Apartado Aéreo, 6713 Cali, Colombia ABSTRACT The larvae of some species of Scarabaeidae, known locally as “chisas” (whitegrubs), are impor- tant pests in agricultural areas of the Cauca, Colombia. They form a complex consisting of many species belonging to several genera that affect the roots of commercial crops. The objec- tive of the present study was to identify the members of the complex present in two localities (Caldono and Buenos Aires) and collect basic information on their biology, economic impor- tance, and larval morphology. The first of two types of sampling involved sampling adults in light traps installed weekly throughout one year. The second method involved larval collec- tions in plots of cassava, pasture, coffee, and woodland. Each locality was visited once per month and 10 samples per plot were collected on each occasion, with each sample from a quad- rants 1 m2 by 15 cm deep, during 1999-2000. Light traps collected 12,512 adults belonging to 45 species and 21 genera of Scarabaeidae within the subfamilies Dynastinae, Melolonthinae, and Rutelinae. Members of the subfamily Dynastinae predominated with 48% of the species (mostly Cyclocephala), followed in decreasing order by Melolonthinae (35%) and Rutelinae (15%, principally Anomala).
    [Show full text]
  • Annona Muricata L. = Soursop = Sauersack Guanabana, Corosol
    Annona muricata L. = Soursop = Sauersack Guanabana, Corosol, Griarola Guanábana Guanábana (Annona muricata) Systematik Einfurchenpollen- Klasse: Zweikeimblättrige (Magnoliopsida) Unterklasse: Magnolienähnliche (Magnoliidae) Ordnung: Magnolienartige (Magnoliales) Familie: Annonengewächse (Annonaceae) Gattung: Annona Art: Guanábana Wissenschaftlicher Name Annona muricata Linnaeus Frucht aufgeschnitten Zweig, Blätter, Blüte und Frucht Guanábana – auch Guyabano oder Corossol genannt – ist eine Baumart, aus der Familie der Annonengewächse (Annonaceae). Im Deutschen wird sie auch Stachelannone oder Sauersack genannt. Inhaltsverzeichnis [Verbergen] 1 Merkmale 2 Verbreitung 3 Nutzen 4 Kulturgeschichte 5 Toxikologie 6 Quellen 7 Literatur 8 Weblinks Merkmale [Bearbeiten] Der Baum ist immergrün und hat eine nur wenig verzweigte Krone. Er wird unter normalen Bedingungen 8–12 Meter hoch. Die Blätter ähneln Lorbeerblättern und sitzen wechselständig an den Zweigen. Die Blüten bestehen aus drei Kelch- und Kronblättern, sind länglich und von grüngelber Farbe. Sie verströmen einen aasartigen Geruch und locken damit Fliegen zur Bestäubung an. Die Frucht des Guanábana ist eigentlich eine große Beere. Sie wird bis zu 40 Zentimeter lang und bis zu 4 Kilogramm schwer. In dem weichen, weißen Fruchtfleisch sitzen große, schwarze (giftige) Samen. Die Fruchthülle ist mit weichen Stacheln besetzt, welche die Überreste des weiblichen Geschlechtsapparates bilden. Die Stacheln haben damit keine Schutzfunktion gegenüber Fraßfeinden. Verbreitung [Bearbeiten] Die Stachelannone
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Annona Genus: a Review
    REVIEW ARTICLE Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology 2 (1) 2020 77-88 Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology www.crbb-journal.com Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Annona genus: A review Siti Kusmardiyani, Yohanes Andika Suharli*, Muhamad Insanu, Irda Fidrianny Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia ABSTRACT Plants have been significantly used in traditional medicine by a variety of societies since Article history: antiquity, and knowledge of their safety, efficacy, and quality value can be developed through Received 15 Jul 2020 further research. The genus Annona, consisting of 119 species, has been extensively researched Revised 13 Aug 2020 and proven to have a diverse range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antiulcer, Accepted 14 Aug 2020 antidiarrheal, and antiparasitic. This is because the Annona plants possess a great number of Available online 31 August 2020 phytochemicals found in almost every part of the plant, which can be isolated to be developed into herbal medicine. Phytochemicals are classified into several classes, such as Annonaceous Keywords: acetogenin, alkaloids, flavonoids, and essential oils. This article was created by collecting 124 Annona genus research articles which discuss phytochemical compounds from 20 species and the isolated compound pharmacological activity from 13 species. pharmacological activity phytochemical compounds traditional medicine *Corresponding author: [email protected] DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2020.2.1/KNIA7708 e-ISSN 2686-1623/© 2020 Institut Teknologi Bandung. All rights reserved 1. Introduction Based on the great potential of these plants as drug candidates Natural products, specifically those derived from plants, have and the large body of available research on the Annona plant, a helped mankind in many aspects of life, particularly medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Interacciones Mutualistas. X. Antropocoria: Florestas Neotropicales Publicacions Del CRBA
    Interacciones mutualistas. X. Antropocoria: florestas neotropicales Publicacions del CRBA Interacciones mutualistas entre animales y plantas X. Antropocoria: florestas neotropicales Juan Carlos Guix Coordinador del Proyecto Neopangea e-mail: [email protected] 1 © Centre de Recursos de Biodiversitat Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona. 2021. Maig, 2021 Publicat per: Centre de Recursos de Biodiversitat Animal Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona Avinguda Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain [email protected] www.ub.edu/crba Guix, J.C. 2021. Interacciones mutualistas entre animales y plantas. X. Antropocoria: florestas neotropicales. Publicacions del Centre de Recursos de Biodiversitat Animal. Universitat de Barcelona, Volum 16, 107 pp. Portada: Las pluvisilvas situadas en las laderas orientales de los Andes se encuentran entre los bosques tropicales más diversos del mundo. Provincia de Napo, Ecuador. Foto: Juan Carlos Guix. 2 Interacciones mutualistas. X. Antropocoria: florestas neotropicales Publicacions del CRBA Interacciones mutualistas entre animales y plantas X. Antropocoria: florestas neotropicales Juan Carlos Guix Con frecuencia se asocia la floresta amazónica u otros tipos de selvas tropicales con la noción de una “naturaleza virgen”. Sin embargo, las florestas tropicales y subtropicales del Neotrópico están habitadas desde hace más de 14.000 años por pueblos indígenas, y estos a su vez han producido cambios apreciables en las comunidades de plantas de estos ecosistemas. La diseminación de semillas grandes en florestas neotropicales Los humanos y las redes de interacciones animal-planta De un modo general, las interacciones entre los humanos modernos (Homo sapiens) y los sistemas de diseminación de semillas han sido expresadas en forma de impactos antropogénicos relacionados con la fragmentación de hábitats, la sobrecaza y la extinción, a escala local o regional, de frugívoros de medio y gran porte (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Annona Coriacea Mart. Fractions Promote Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibit Autophagic Flux in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines
    molecules Article Annona coriacea Mart. Fractions Promote Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibit Autophagic Flux in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines Izabela N. Faria Gomes 1,2, Renato J. Silva-Oliveira 2 , Viviane A. Oliveira Silva 2 , Marcela N. Rosa 2, Patrik S. Vital 1 , Maria Cristina S. Barbosa 3,Fábio Vieira dos Santos 3 , João Gabriel M. Junqueira 4, Vanessa G. P. Severino 4 , Bruno G Oliveira 5, Wanderson Romão 5, Rui Manuel Reis 2,6,7,* and Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja Ribeiro 1,* 1 Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of São João del Rei—CCO/UFSJ, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil; [email protected] (I.N.F.G.); [email protected] (P.S.V.) 2 Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil; [email protected] (R.J.S.-O.); [email protected] (V.A.O.S.); [email protected] (M.N.R.) 3 Laboratory of Cell Biology and Mutagenesis, Federal University of São João del Rei—CCO/UFSJ, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil; [email protected] (M.C.S.B.); [email protected] (F.V.d.S.) 4 Special Academic Unit of Physics and Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Catalão 75704-020, Brazil; [email protected] (J.G.M.J.); [email protected] (V.G.P.S.) 5 Petroleomic and forensic chemistry laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brazil; [email protected] (B.G.O.); [email protected] (W.R.) 6 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 7 3ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.M.R.); [email protected] (R.I.M.d.A.R.); Tel.: +55-173-321-6600 (R.M.R.); +55-3736-904-484 or +55-3799-1619-155 (R.I.M.d.A.R.) Received: 25 September 2019; Accepted: 29 October 2019; Published: 1 November 2019 Abstract: Plant-based compounds are an option to explore and perhaps overcome the limitations of current antitumor treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • Synopsis and Key to the Genera of Dynastinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Scarabaeidae) of Colombia
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 34: 153–192 (2010)Synopsis and key to the genera of Dynastinae of Colombia 153 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.34.309 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Synopsis and key to the genera of Dynastinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Scarabaeidae) of Colombia Héctor Jaime Gasca-Álvarez1, Germán Amat-García2 1 Corporación Sentido Natural; Calle 134 A No. 14–44 Bogotá, D. C., Colombia 2 Insects of Colombia Research Group, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Corresponding authors: Héctor Jaime Gasca-Álvarez ([email protected]), Germán Amat-García ([email protected]) Academic editor: Brett Ratcliff e | Received 30 October 2009 | Accepted 28 November 2009 | Published 28 January 2010 Citation: Gasca-Álvarez HJ, Amat-García G (2010) Synopsis and key to the genera of dynastinae (Coleoptera, Scaraba- eoidea, Scarabaeidae) of Colombia. In: Ratcliff e B, Krell F-T (Eds) Current advances in Scarabaeoidea research. ZooKeys 34: 153–192. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.34.309 Abstract An illustrated key to identify the adults at the generic level of Dynastinae known from Colombia is pro- vided. A synopsis for each genus is given with updated information on the diversity and distribution of species in Colombia and worldwide. Keywords Illustrated key, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Colombia, Biodiversity. Introduction Th e subfamily Dynastinae is a cosmopolitan group of beetles widely distributed in most biogeographical regions of the world (except in the polar regions), and the major- ity of species are distributed in the tropics, especially in the Neotropics. Th ere are ap- proximately 220 genera and 1500 species within the Dynastinae world wide (Ratcliff e 2003).
    [Show full text]