JANUARY- FEBRUARY 2021
Displacement Tracking Matrix
GUYANA - FLOW MONITORING SURVEYS OF VENEZUELAN NATIONALS IN MABARUMA, REGION ONE Displacement GUYANA - MABARUMA, REGION ONE Tracking Matrix January-February 2021
CONTENTS
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 3 2. CONCEPT ...... 4 3. INTRODUCTION...... 4 4. METHODOLOGY...... 6 5. POPULATION PROFILE...... 6 6. MIGRATION ROUTE AND STATUS...... 8 7. ECONOMIC AND LABOUR SITUATION ...... 12 8. HEALTH ACCESS...... 15 9. NEEDS AND ASSISTANCE...... 16 10. PROTECTION ...... 18
DISCLAIMERS AND COPYRIGHT
The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries.
IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to assist in the meeting of operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants.
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This DTM activity was funded by the US Department of State – Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (BPRM) and implemented by IOM. As convenience sampling was used, the results are only indicative of the characteristics of the surveyed population.
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2 Displacement GUYANA - MABARUMA, REGION ONE Tracking Matrix January-February 2021
1. entry permit and 6 per cent claimed to have dual nationality. Among those with irregular migration status, we observed EXECUTIVE SUMMARY that most were male (69%), 69 per cent mentioned not having any formal education, 56 per cent were unemployed at the time of the interview, and most respondents that The location of this round of DTM is Barima Waini, here after have an irregular migration status have been for a longer referred to as Region One, which is located in the northern part period of time in Guyana than those that have been for a of Guyana and borders the Delta Amacuro region of Venezuela. shorter period of time (33% have been in Guyana for more These two regions are connected by a series of rivers incluthe than a year). dingg Imbotero, Amacuro, Barima and Aruka rivers. The following areas were identified as flow monitoring points: Mabaruma, Kumaka, Imbotero, Smith’s Creek, Hobo Hill, Khan Economic and Labour Situation Hill, Whitewater, Blackwater, Kamwatta and Yarakita. y Fifty-seven per cent of respondents claimed that they The analysis of all the data collected has led us to the following were unemployed before migrating. After migration, an analysis. The results are only indicative of the characteristics of even greater majority of respondents reported that they the surveyed population. were unemployed (73%). It was observed that a higher proportion of female than male respondents between 18 and24 years old were unemployed after migration (12% Population Profile on contrast to 9%) and that the vast majority of those unemployed had economic dependents (80%). y Total number of respondents were 298 Venezuelans. y The great majority (96%) of respondents reported that y Fifty-two per cent were male and 48 per cent were female. they were not sending resources back to Venezuela and y The civil status of respondents was 55 per cent single, 44 82 per cent of respondents have economic respondents. per cent married and one per cent divorced and widowed Both facts highlight the possible hardship that Venezuelan respectively. migrants who lack employment endure when trying to support their families back home (in average for both y In terms of the respondents’ education level, 51 per cent groups 74% were unemployed). reported that they had not received any education. Twenty- seven per cent of respondents had only completed primary education, followed by 17 per cent who had completed Health Access secondary school and three per cent who attained university level education. Among those that did not have any education, y The vast majority of respondents do not have access to a higher proportion of female than male respondents aged health services (71%). Respondents residing in remote areas 18-24 were represented (7% vs 4% respectively). have stated they do not have access to health care because of the geographic location of these health facilities. y When respondents were asked about where they seek Migration Route and Status assistance when they have a health situation, 65 per cent y The most frequently reported Venezuelan state of origin mentioned a public hospital and 32 per cent reported was Delta Amacuro (84%) followed by Bolivar (8%), “other,” which may mean that they rely on herbal medical Monagas (6%) and Zulia (1%). practices. y It was reported that 71 per cent of respondents travelled y Seven per cent of respondents reported having a chronic alone, 21 per cent travelled with their family and 8 per cent or motor/sensorial medical condition, 5 per cent said that travelled in a non-family group. Among those respondents they had contracted a contagious disease and 24 per cent who reported travelling alone, we observed that a higher mentioned that in the last year they had felt anger and/or proportion of female than male respondents between 18 worried. and 24 years old travelled alone (11% vs 8%), that more y Three per cent of Venezuelan migrants and refugees than half of respondents who travelled alone had no interviewed in Mabaruma reported that they had had education (58%) and that 16 per cent of them had no COVID-19 symptoms. regular migration status. y When asked about time spent in Mabaruma, 33 per cent mentioned that they had stayed more than a year, followed Needs and Assistance by 32 per cent who had stayed more than a month, 22 per y Thirty-four per cent of respondents stated that their need cent between one and four weeks and 14 per cent less for food was their first priority, while 32 per cent said their than a week. In terms of the cost of the trip, almost half of top prioity was income generation or employment and 15 respondents (41%) paid nothing to reach Mabaruma. per cent mentioned safety and security. y Almost half of all respondents (49%) claimed an irregular y As a second priority, 41 per cent of respondents expressed migration status while 45 per cent claimed that they had an
3 Displacement GUYANA - MABARUMA, REGION ONE Tracking Matrix January-February 2021
needing income generation, 28 per cent were in need of 3. food and 11 per cent wanted education and training. INTRODUCTION y As a third priority, 29 per cent stated they needed education and training, 18 per cent wanted food and 17 per cent needed accommodation. Regional Profile y Eighty-two per cent reported having access to food only Barima Waini (hereafter referred to as Region One, see Image once a day, followed by 14 per cent who said that they 1) is the official name of Region One and is one of the ten had access to food twice a day and 1 per cent that claimed administrative divisions of Guyana. Mabaruma is currently the access only every other day. Among those respondents only town in this region and is led by a mayor. The population who reported having only access to one meal a day, it was of Region One is estimated to be 26,941 (2012 Census) and observed that more than half were between 25 to 44 years is made up of mainly Indigenous people including Arawaks, old (57%) and 79 per cent were unemployed. Caribs and Waraos.
Protection Geography y Twenty-eight per cent of respondents said they felt unsafe. Region One is located in the North West of Guyana and When asked about discrimination, eight per cent said they had borders the Delta Amacuro region of Venezuela. Both experienced discrimination during the journey while two per countries are connected by a series of rivers, including the cent said that they had suffered violence. The discrimination Aruka, Imbotero, Amacuro and Barima rivers. The climate experienced was based on their nationality (92%), followed is characterized by heavy rainfall throughout the year due by sexual orientation and economic status (4% respectively). to the dense Amazon rainforest. The area of this region is approximately 20,333 Km sq.
Economy Region One is an area known for Agriculture, Farming, Fishing 2. and Livestock. Cassava cultivation is performed by many CONCEPT residents and remains the main means of earning a livelihood.
Migration Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are currently experiencing the largest population movement in modern Pendular migration amongst persons living in Region One and history due to the immense outflow of migrants and refugees Delta Amacuro Venezuela has always been a feature. Boats from the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (hereafter referred are the main source of travel. Due to the ongoing crisis in to as Venezuela). As a result of the Venezuelan situation and Venezuela, there has been an increase in the number of Guyana’s proximity, it has also affected. There is an increase in the persons, both indigenous and non-indigenous, migrating from movement of migrants from Venezuela into Guyanese territory. Venezuela to this region of Guyana in particular. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is currently assisting the Government of Guyana and other humanitarian COVID-19 Situation actors in monitoring the situation using the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM). In the beginning of January 2021, the total number of cases in Region one was 1097, while the accumulated caseload for The DTM is a system to track and monitor displacement that Guyana was 7317. A number of national COVID-19 guidelines is designed to create a profile of the migrant population and were issued by the National COVID-19 taskforce, which had to obtain a better understanding of their migratory routes, significant socioeconomic impact on Region One. Below is a list migration status, economic and labour situation, health of some of these guidelines1 situation, livelihoods and main protection needs. This analysis allows stakeholders to use evidence-based decision making 1. Restrictions on public gathering to support the population arriving from Venezuela, as well as 2. Closure of Bars and night clubs the receiving communities. This report uses data from a DTM round carried out in and around the outskirts of Mabaruma 3. Partial opening of restaurants (Region one), between January and February 2021. It was 4. Closure of schools funded by the US Department of State – Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (BPRM) and implemented by IOM. 5. Curfew from 10:30 PM to 04:00 AM
1 https://officialgazette.gov.gy/index.php/component/search/?searchword=COVID-19&searchphrase=all&Itemid=101
4 Displacement GUYANA - MABARUMA, REGION ONE Tracking Matrix January-February 2021
IMAGE I. Administrative map of Region One in Guyana
REPUBLIC OF GUYANA ADMINISTRATIVE MAP REGION 1 BARIMA / WAINI 100,000 125,000 150,000 175,000 200,000 225,000 250,000 275,000 300,000
60°30'W 60°15'W 60°0'W 59°45'W 59°30'W 59°15'W 59°0'W A T 8°30'N L A N 8°30'N T I C A p p r o x i al Point m Krunken a t e
A l i g n m O e n t Waini Point
B A R C I M A E
0 121111 A 0
0 Courida Point 0 0 0 , N , 5 R 5 2 I 2 . Curri Curri Point 9 V 9 E R o R r e t o b 112181 m I e t l it L . Dutchman R ro Point te A o e b g W m a I s ig s A B a I F N I P irs t L agun ash W ra o A L M I R N I V I E r MORAWHANNA R e iv E R 112182 a 112191 8°15'N m ru u 121112 ur M Seco Luri Beach M nd r e n t Lagun 8°15'N v m e a ash U i i g n b R A l a t e a x i m r T p r o u A p m H W a A 112192 C R k I a Sahorina Barabina . Kokerital N m E i Hill TOBAGO & WAUNA HILL Hill a Hill p I Z E ros Karosaimo Atipani Ka AMERINDIAN Ku R Hill ma Hill I Kobarimo ka MABARUMA R V B B Moraborohu VILLAGE C E E ir Hill k r . R or V R o Hill Sibatoro I . Wauna KUMAKA Hobo k Sekomaka Hill R C O WHITE WATER Hill Hill a E n R S Birroro Jc i T Hill e r r Stelling i E e Hill k H b 112114 11216 H i e a H V b AMERINDIAN Hosororo n E e C a I i r Hosororo Kamwatta or Shell Beach C e Hill d a R R k e . k Stelling Anaida C S N k. Hill k VILLAGE . 11217 C ro B . o A k Wanaina r A R C o I a s K M n Hill o 112223 A e H h U a K k a R a o m 112124 A am A W 0 E 0 om w BUMBURY HILL Tok R KAMWATTA HILL 0 a h M 0 ive t nas r ta gu 0 M C AMERINDIAN La E 0
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VILLAGE C k . Kokali Point Yarakita 112113 112123 V Tiger Hill Y I Turtle Beach ar Hill ak Mehokobuina L ita R L IVE Ri YARAKITA ARU R A ver A k 121113 G e U e r E C W 11214 L a ur i u . i AMERINDIAN W HOTOQUAI k m C a R 8°0'N a n Hotoquai ku a k ak iv u ain ee a 112122 e an b C r o C Ck. i Hill r as M r m e o i r N y e r a R o e b C k a AMERINDIAN on H 8°0'N VILLAGE i v i i r
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a ve k b . Hill r Ri p a C k m a T a u . Falls k u T P B ma n u . Goring ari Carriage a r OR K a T r r 121212 k ve Two Islands Falls Falls e p Red Hill u Ri e k a k b 12118 F e r e k a Falls River C e re r i r a u 121211 v k T C C C r . k r a r k e Five Star r o e 121214 u e e r B r w C C r A Good Hope iv v Jimbo v WARAMURI MORUCA e S i i Mount Collet e u a g Ldg. i R
v a re R R
t h r e u r K W A B A N N A i r a i e w s R a Ldg. v k Ldg. k kabr a H r a i p Arakaka e u ra a R p S n E a r 11133 ima i u t r K a a Baramba a C G u H a C i e i r
im w n P D r P ar r I w r k r n u a
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r P r r ve n b i b a v a i D e a B
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iv m i C u r i R a l O k a w
R J R . iw Wa a R. Ta a A M E R I N D I A N ka n er tu a F S iv h i A R y s W R n er A i R k h v v W E a AMERINDIAN a Ri M . VILLAGE c k MA tu A e C A ri R r o H a A
re k R i B R R e T A r iv k T ra B a er A - n P A A a u M u r M M r V I L L A G E I u a R A k VILLAGE w MANAWARIN r A i p I e a n B n i v a R i a n o n a i M b i t 111213 . a a i k r AMERINDIAN
r u C o C P Wh K W re KOKERITE ana River 111322 r a C ek a e ik re r . iv r ek a VILLAGE MISSION 111121 R eb pe 12110 R i gr 12119 i u n
n R. i i i r
R a w n MATTHEWS RIDGE i w a v a T s CHINESE LANDING a e n akatu r s s arin a
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0 a 0 , C r , Tak u u r 5 tu r 5 111112 e ve e V I L L A G E i 2 R 2 P k a o r Wak 8 a . 8 w a pa h u k i A a s ur C u n B C n Amoyoku a a
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a
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122112 I a k R
R a 122131 R 122134 i I b v R V r R. e I Calabash r E a Ck. r V e R v 122111 E Ldg. i R Te W R u na ha m A r O n a b Aparkwa p a r pa u o m a p r a p C Rapids a p A a a a
b p K r i
Aparkwa Id. a E u ia w
B A R A M I T A r n C ( u a A a k R n a m . s
W C E ts M i
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a a r B I
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o C s
0 122133 0 s r
, a e Kasatu , M e
0 k r 0 Fall e Main Road v 0 i 0 R 8 121224 8
o Track or Trail r
122231 o r o s tai s Massowaki River 122141 Imo I Dense, Regular Built-up Areas ra I ha N ac I am A K W r ve er n Ri iv o R o r Dispersede Occupation
122232 S
m N h
ararin
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un P A e
n r o e iv I r R o 122143 m a Amerindian Village
R iv er ai nam 121223 Aru
R
i v e r 1 - - - - - r Region e tta
v rama i A Rive ai r ap R w ra A R iv Ar e unam V E N E Z U E L A r ai Sub-region - 1 - - - -
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r Riv b a
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a k.
k A District - - 2 - - - 0 0 0 0
0 7°0'N 0 , Community - - - 1 - - , 5 5
7 7°0'N 7 7 7 r
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v i r e r R iv e R K v utu i au R K - - - - 2 - a R. Neighbourhood ir un i i s i r R b e . a iv r R a
k A
A r a n r k te a l - - - - - 5 a People's Co-operatives W
C Pa R Example: People's Co-operativone Unit ka U iv r o sa e i er Mabaruma ru Y r S 1 1 2 1 2 5 U om Makapa Hills NI P
R u i t v s y
n e n d ' u r c t t
k i v e i o o o e i
a i r i l t n
T o g g p a s t r u h i r e e e R o I r v K r VER e i a
E e r m R D r v a e R
a u ki i R ni r p i R - o P m o b b o - u h o C S
R g i
R C iv y iv e Ir o e o g e r r m an a Ar N
a
k n a r u b A a t
I River
. K R u im a tu ana a K r u e h iv t R u R P m o i a aa M v i n e r pe r a Su o 60°30'W 60°15'W 60°0'W 59°45'W 59°30'W R 59°15'W w 59°0'W iv Tw C K er a
U o Y a A p
U na a p n N ri It g I u pia a b r u 100,000 125,000 150,000 175,000 a 200,000 225,000 250,000 275,000 300,000 M I N U R Y I U V
E C R i
R R v
i e v r e Scale 1:250,000 r Users noting corrections to this map are asked to mark them on the map SHEET HISTORY R I and send to the Commissioner of Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission, 5 2.5 0 5 10 15 20 25V 30 E R Miles 22 Upper Hadfield Street Lodge, Georgetown, Guyana. This Administrative Map was produced by the Land Kilometers Information and Mapping Division of the Guyana Lands LOCATION DIAGRAM 5 2.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 BOUNDARY DIAGRAM Copies of this map are attainable from the Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission & Surveys Commission, and is based on the Administrative 22 Upper Hadfield Street Lodge, Georgetown, Guyana. Map produced by the Topographic Division of Lands and Region No. 1 BARIMA -WAINI SUB-REGION Surveys Department with assistance in cartographic I - 1 BARIMA / AMAKURA Region No. 2 POMEROON-SUPENAAM 1st Edition printed and published by the Lands and Surveys Department, Georgetown, 1984. design by the UNDP Project “Establishment of a I - 2 WAINI Topographic Division” from a manuscript prepared by 1 Region No. 3 ESSEQUIBO ISLANDS-WEST DEMERARA This Map is not an Authority on International Boundaries. T. A. Earle, Commissioner of Lands & Surveys. 2 34 Region No. 4 DEMERARA-MAHAICA © Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission, 2nd Edition, 2008. The Regional boundaries are presented according to 7 5 Act 12 of 1980. Geographical base is compiled from Region No. 5 10 MAHAICA- BERBICE 1 - 1 planimetric maps of Guyana at scale 1:50,000 edition 8 1960-1964 and topographic maps of Guyana at scale Region No. 6 EAST BERBICE-CORENTYNE 1:50,000 edition 1974-1980. Region No. 7 CUYUNI-MAZARUNI 1 - 2 9 6 Region No. 8 POTARO-SIPARUNI
Region No. 9 UPPER TAKUTU-UPPER ESSEQUIBO
Region No. 10 UPPER DEMERARA-BERBICE
5 Displacement GUYANA - MABARUMA, REGION ONE Tracking Matrix January-February 2021
4. 5. METHODOLOGY POPULATION PROFILE
Situational Analysis 298 Respondents Before beginning the data collection process, a situational analysis was conducted. This analysis involved key members of the IOM team meeting with different stakeholders to understand the complexity of the migrant situation, flow monitoring points, their needs and gaps in the response, in GRAPH 1. order to improve collaboration and integration. Meetings were Gender of Respondents held with the following actors: y Mayor, Regional Chairman (RC) and Regional Executive Officer (REO) y Village councils / Toshaos y Regional Medical Officer (RHO) y Regional Engineer y United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Once the flow monitoring points were identified, awareness of IOM’s presence was made, the data collection process began. 52% 48%
Sampling Size As Graph 1 shows, almost the same percentage of women and men were surveyed during this round (48% and 52% Snowballing was chosen as the preferred method of obtaining respectively). the sample and was used at every location visited. The overall sample size came from the sum of the samples taken in each individual location.
GRAPH 2. Age and Gender disaggregation of Respondents Data collection Data collection spanned a period of 14 days, between January and February 2021 and involved 4 IOM enumerators, two male and female. All enumerators had been trained in data collection 55 or more 8% 5% techniques, PSEA and protection referral mechanisms. Face- to-face interviews were conducted with participating and 45 - 54 7% 3% consenting migrants. All COVID-19 Guidelines were followed, including social distancing and the wearing of face masks. 35 - 44 14% 13%
Coverage 25 - 34 14% 14% A number of locations were identified from the situational analysis as flow monitoring points. These locations are 18 - 24 9% 11% Mabaruma, Kumaka, Imbotero, Smith’s Creek, Hobo Hill, Khan Hill, Whitewater, Blackwater, Kamwatta and Yarakita. 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Male Female
Limitations and Constraints The topography of the landscape presented significant The Venezuelan population surveyed in Mabaruma during this transportation challenges; vehicular transportation was used round is characterized by being young and with little weight where necessary and boats were used to access the locations of people on retirement ages. More than half of respondents on the riverbanks. surveyed were between 25 and 44 years old (55%). Of these, Language barriers presented significant barriers; many of the 28 per cent are between 25 and 34 years old, while 27 per migrants are of Warao origin and did not speak English or Spanish. cent are between 35 and 44 years old. Taking into account
6 Displacement GUYANA - MABARUMA, REGION ONE Tracking Matrix January-February 2021
the current COVID-19 pandemic context, it is important to education with a higher proportion of males than females stress that eight per cent of the respondents were male over (16% and 11% respectively). Lastly 17 per cent had completed 55 years old and five per cent were females over 55 years old. secondary school and 3 per cent have attained university level education.
GRAPH 3. Civil Status of Respondents
GRAPH 5. Respondents that reported not having any level of 1% 1% education by age groups and sex
35%
30% 29% 30% 44% 55% 25%
20% 19% 16% 15% 15% 15% 13% 11% 12% 11% 10% 8% 7% 7% 4% 5% Widowed Divorced Married/Cohabitate Single 5%
0% 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55 or more Respondents were also asked about their civil status: 55 per cent stated they were single, 44 per cent said they were Total Female Male married or cohabiting, one per cent were divorced and one per cent were widowed (Graph 3). Closely reviewing the group of respondents that had no level of education, most of them were concentrated in the age groups of 25 to 44 years old (59% in total). It is worth highlighting that a higher proportion of female than male respondents aged
GRAPH 4. 18-24 did not receive any education (7% and 4% respectively) while in contrast more male than female respondents aged Education level of Respondents by sex 55 or more years old had no education level (11% and 8% respectively). 30% 25% 26% 25%
20% 16% 15% 11% 9% 10% 8%
5% 2% 1% 0% None Primary Secondary University Female Male
As seen in Graph 4, half of the respondents (51%) reported that they had not received any level of education. At the same time, 27 per cent of respondents had only completed primary
7 Displacement GUYANA - MABARUMA, REGION ONE Tracking Matrix January-February 2021
6. MIGRATION ROUTE AND STATUS
IMAGE 2. Map of Venezuela showing the Flow Monitoring Points
The map shows some of the major flow monitoring points where interviews were done with respondents, the vicinity of these areas with those of Venezuela, the series of rivers and how they connect the two countries.
GRAPH 6.
Venezuelan states where most respondents came from As shown in Graph 6 above and Image II (below), the most frequently reported state of origin was Delta Amacuro (84%) followed by Bolivar (8%), Monagas (6%) and Zulia (1%). Delta Amacuro 84% Bolívar 8% Monagas 6% Zulia 1% Cojedes 1% Sucre 0% Anzoátegui 0%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
8 Displacement GUYANA - MABARUMA, REGION ONE Tracking Matrix January-February 2021
IMAGE 3. Map of Venezuela showing the location of the states where the respondents originated.
The map shows that the majority, 84 per cent of the respondents came from the Delta Amacuro state of Venezuela due to its close proximity to Region one.
GRAPH 7. GRAPH 8. Who did respondents travel with? Respondents that reported travelling alone by sex
80% 71% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 21% 48% 20% 10% 8% 52% 0% Without Group Family Non Family
When respondents were asked who they traveled with, 71 per cent reported travelling alone, 21 per cent travelled with their family and 8 per cent travelled in a non-family group. Female Male Taking a closer look at the group of those respondents that reported travelling alone, we can observe the following:
9 Displacement GUYANA - MABARUMA, REGION ONE Tracking Matrix January-February 2021
GRAPH 9. GRAPH 12. Respondents that reported travelling alone by age Respondents that reported travelling alone, have they groups and sex experienced difficulties during the journey?
35%
30% 29% 28%
25%
20% 19% 40% 15% 15% 14% 14%14% 13% 11% 11% 60% 10% 8% 8% 8% 5% 5% 3%
0% 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55 or more Total Female Male No Yes
Almost the same proportion of male and female respondents reported travelling alone (52% and 48% respectively). In
GRAPH 10. terms of age groups, it is important to highlight that a higher proportion of female than male respondents between 18 and Respondents that reported travelling alone 24 years old travelled alone (11% vs 8%) while on the contrary, by level of education completed more male than female respondents over 45 years old travelled alone (16% vs 8%) (Graph 9). More than half of respondents that travelled alone had no level of education (58%) and 16 70% 58% per cent of them had no regular migration status. Lastly, 40 60% per cent of those that travelled alone announced experiencing 50% difficulties during the journey (Graph 12). 40% 30% 30%
20% GRAPH 13. 10% 10% Cost of the trip to Guyana paid by Respondents 2% 0% None Primary Secondary Unversity
41% 37% 19% 3%
GRAPH 11. Respondents that reported travelling alone by migration status 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
No Cost 20 - 200 200 - 300 > 300 50% 44% 45% 40% 33% As Graph 13 shows, almost half of respondents (41%) paid 35% no cost to reach Mabaruma, 37 per cent paid between 20 to 30% 200 USD, 19 per cent reported paying between 200 to 300 25% USD and 3 per cent paid more than 300 USD. It is important 20% 16% to note that all Venezuelan migrants that were interviewed 15% claimed that they had arrived by river. 10% 6% 5% 0% Permission Other Without a regular Double migration status Nationality
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GRAPH 14. GRAPH 16. Time spent in Guyana by Respondents Respondents that reported having an irregular migration status by sex
14% 22% 32% 33%
31%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 69% Less than a week Between 1 and 4 weeks More than a month More than a year
Respondents were asked about how long they had stayed in Female Male Mabaruma. Thirty-three per cent mentioned that they had stayed more than a year, followed by 32 per cent that stayed more than a month, 22 per cent between 1 and 4 weeks and 14 per cent less than a week (Graph 14). GRAPH 17. Respondents that reported having an irregular migration status by age groups
GRAPH 15: Migration status of Respondents 25% 24% 22% 21% 20% 18% 16% 15% 6% 10%
5%
49% 0% 45% 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55 or more
GRAPH 18. Double Nationality Permission Irregular migration Status Respondents that reported having an irregular migration status by level of education completed At the same time, as seen in Graph 15, almost half of all respondents (49%) expressed having an irregular migration 80% status while 45 per cent claimed having an entry permit and 6 69% per cent having double nationality. 70% 60% Since almost half of the respondents mentioned having an 50% irregular migration status, it is important to analyze with more detail this specific population segment. The following was 40% observed: 30% 19% 20% 12% 10% 0% None Primary Secundary
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GRAPH 19. 7. Respondents that reported having an irregular migration status by current employment status ECONOMIC AND LABOUR SITUATION
13% GRAPH 21. Employment status of respondents before and after migrating to Guyana. 31% 56%
Unemployed 57% 73%
Independent 14% 8%
Student 3% Unemployed Employed Independent Employee 25% 18%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% GRAPH 20. Before Migration After Migration Respondents that reported having an irregular migration status by level of education completed As seen in Graph 21, before migration, 57 per cent of respondents were unemployed, 25 per cent were employed, 35% 33% 32% 14 per cent worked independently and 3 per cent were 30% students. After migration, it is important to note that that 25% 22% the great majority of respondents reported that they were 20% unemployed (73%), which shows an increase of 16 per cent 15% 14% in the respondents’ unemployment rate before compared 10% to after migrating. The proportion of those employed after migration also falls to 18 per cent as well as those working 5% independently to 8 per cent. 0% More than More than Between 1 Less than The substantial increase in the unemployment rate of a year a month and 4 weeks 1 week respondents after migration leads us to take a closer look to understand the composition of this specific group.
Most of respondents that reported having an irregular migration status were male (69%) and were between 18-44 years old (Graph 16 and 17). In terms of their education level (Graph GRAPH 22. 18), 69 per cent mentioned not having received any sort of Respondents that are unemployed after migration by education, followed by 19 per cent that had a secondary level sex of education and 12 per cent that finished primary school. At the same time, more than half of respondents without a regular migration status announced being unemployed at the time of the interview (56%), in contrast with 31 per cent that were employed and 13 per cent that worked independently (Graph 19). Lastly, it is important to note that most respondents that have an irregular migration status have been for a longer 49% period of time in Guyana than those that have been for a 51% shorter period of time. As shown in Graph 20, 33 per cent of respondents with an irregular migration status have been in Guyana for more than a year while 32 per cent have been in Guyana for more than a month.
Female Male
12 Displacement GUYANA - MABARUMA, REGION ONE Tracking Matrix January-February 2021
GRAPH 23. GRAPH 25. Respondents that are unemployed after migration by Respondents that are unemployed after migration, do age groups and sex they have any economic dependents?
30% 28% 28%
25% 20% 21% 20%
15% 14%14% 14% 14% 12% 12% 80% 11% 10% 9% 7% 6% 5% 5% 5%
No Yes 0% 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55 or more
Total Female Male There is no significant difference between the proportion of female and male respondents that are unemployed after migration (51% vs 49%). Most of those unemployed are between 18 to 44 years old (total of 77%). It is important to
GRAPH 24. stress the fact that a higher proportion of female than male respondents between 18-24 years old are unemployed after Respondents that are unemployed after migration by migration (12% on contrast to 9%). In terms of their education level of education completed level, half of the respondents that reported being unemployed after migration had not received any education (53%), followed 60% by 31 per cent that had completed a primary level, 14 per 53% cent that had completed a secondary level of education and 3 per cent that had a university degree (Graph 24). Lastly, the 50% vast majority of those unemployed have economic dependents (80%). This highlights the challenges that Venezuelan migrants 40% and refugees in Guyana might face to support their own families. 31% 30%
20% GRAPH 26. 14% Top 4 of employment areas of respondents before 10% migrating to Guyana 3% 0% None Primary Secondary University Agriculture 23%
Commerce 4%
Domestic services 3%
Public Sector 3%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Of the surveyed population, the employment areas before migration, 23 per cent of respondents that reported working in the agriculture sector, four per cent in commerce and three per cent in domestic services and public sector respectively (Graph 26).
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GRAPH 27. As seen in Graph 28, the data shows that the vast majority Top 4 of employment sector of respondents after (96%) of respondents reported that they were not sending arriving in Guyana resources back to Venezuela in contrast to only four per cent that did. However, as Graph 29 shows, 82 per cent of respondents have economic respondents. Both of these Agriculture 12% graphs highlight the possible hardship that Venezuelan migrants surveyed in Mabaruma are experiencing by finding themselves Commerce 8% unable to support their families due to their unemployment and irregular migration status. Carpentry 3%
Construction 1% GRAPH 30.
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% Respondents that have economic dependents and are not sending resources back home by sex
After migration, data obtained from respondents showed that 54% the agriculture sector was again one of the most mentioned 53% 53% (12%), followed by commerce (8%), carpentry (3%) and 52% construction (1%). 52% 51% 50% 49% GRAPH 28. 48% 48% 47% Are you sending any resources back to your home 47% country? 46% 45% 44% Respondents that have Respondents that are not economic dependents sending resources back 4% 96% Female Male
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Yes No GRAPH 31. Respondents that have economic dependents and are not sending resources back home by age groups
GRAPH 29. 35% Respondents that have economic dependents 31% 30% 28% 28% 27% 25% 20% 20% 17% 15% 13%14% 18% 11% 11% 10% 5% 0% 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55 or more Respondents that have economic dependents 82% Respondents that are not sending resources back
No Yes
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GRAPH 32. 8. Respondents that have economic dependents and are not sending resources back home by migration status HEALTH ACCESS
50% 46% 44% 45% GRAPH 34. 40% 35% Do you have access to health services? 30% 27% 25% 24% 23% 23% 20% 15% 10% 6% 6% 5% 29% 0% Permission Other Without a regular Double migration status Nationality
Respondents that have economic dependents Respondents that are not sending resources back 71%
GRAPH 33. Respondents that have economic dependents and No Yes are not sending resources back home by current employment status As Graph 34 shows, the vast majority of respondents do not have access to health services (71%). Guyana provides 80% 76% 72% healthcare free of cost to all its citizens and migrants, the 70% geographic location of these health facilities is the reason why 60% respondents residing in remote areas have stated they don’t 50% have access. 40% 30% 20% 19% 16% 10% 9% 8% GRAPH 35. 0% Where do you go when you have a health situation? Unemployed Employed Independent Respondents that have economic dependents Respondents that are not sending resources back
Public Hospital 65%
The composition in terms of sex of both groups, those respondents that have economic dependents and those that are Other 32% not sending resources back home, has no significant differences. Fifty-two per cent that have economic dependents were male I do not seek 4% while 48 per cent were female. In a similar way, 53 per cent health assistance of respondents that do not send resources back were male while 47 per cent were female. In terms of age groups, for both 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% groups the majority were between 25 to 44 years old (57% on average). Interestingly, for both groups, respondents that have economic dependents and those that are not sending resources At the same time, when respondents were asked about the back home, almost half of respondents had a regular permit to place where they seek assistance when they have a health stay in Guyana (45% on average) (Graph 32). However, the vast situation, 65 per cent of them mentioned a public hospital, majority of respondents of these two groups were unemployed 32 per cent said other and 4 per cent reported not seeking in Guyana (74% on average). All of this emphasizes the fact that health assistance. It could be possible that “other” is referring Venezuelan migrants and refugees in Mabaruma, despite having to herbal medicine centers since most of the respondents economic dependents that need their support and having a belong to indigenous communities, who rely on this type of regular migration permit, struggle to send resources back home medicine for healing. due to the high levels of unemployment rate they face in Guyana.
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GRAPH 36. 9. Respondents that reported having a chronic or motor/ sensorial medical condition, infect contagious disease, NEEDS AND ASSISTANCE that require daily medication and that felt angry and/or worried in the last year
GRAPH 38.
100% Frist Priority need of Respondents
80% Food 34%
60% 76% Income Generation 32% 93% 95% 93% Safety and Security 15% 40% Accomodation 7%
20% NFI 5% 24% Education and Training 4% 0% 6% 5% 7% Medical Care 1% Chronic or Infect Daily Felt angry and/or motor/sensorial contagious medication worried in WASH 1% medical condition disease the last year Legal Assistance 1% Yes No 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% As Graph 36 displays, seven per cent of respondents reported having a chronic or motor/sensorial medical condition and five per cent announced having an infect contagious disease. At the
same time, seven per cent reported requiring daily medication. GRAPH 39. Lastly, 24 per cent mentioned that in the last year they have Second priority need of Respondents felt anger and/or worried.
Income Generation 41% GRAPH 37. Food 28% Have you had COVID-19 symptoms? Education and Training 11% NFI 8% 3% Accomodation 6% Safety and Security 3% WASH 3% Legal Assistance 1% Medical Care 0% Safe Spaces 0%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
97%
No Yes
Three per cent of Venezuelan migrants and refugees that were interviewed in Mabaruma reported that they have had COVID-19 symptoms, as seen in Graph 36.
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GRAPH 40. GRAPH 42. Third priority need of Respondents Respondents that reported having access to one meal a day by sex Education and Training 29% Food 18% Accomodation 17% Income Generation 14% WASH 10% 46%
NFI 7% 54% Safety and Security 4% Safe Spaces 0% Medical Care 0%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Female Male
As Graph 38, 39 and 40 show, respondents were asked what their first, second and third priority needs were. GRAPH 43. As a first priority, 34 per cent of respondents stated that Respondents that reported having access to one meal a they needed food, 32 per cent said income generation or day by age groups employment and 15 per cent mentioned safety and security. As a second priority, 41 per cent of respondents expressed that they needed income generation, 28 per cent were in need 35% of food, 11 per cent wanted education and training and lastly, 8 30% 29% 28% per cent were in need of Non- Food Items (NFIs) (Graph 39). 25% As a third priority, 29 per cent stated they were in need of 20% 16% 15% education and training, 18 per cent wanted food, 17 per cent 15% needed accommodation, 14 per cent income generation and 12% 10 per cent were in need of WASH (Graph 40). 10% 5% 0% 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55 or more GRAPH 41. Access to Food
GRAPH 44. 82% Respondents that reported having access to one meal a 14% day by employment status 4% 1% 90% 80% 79% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 70% Once a day Twice a day No answer Every other day 60% 50% 40% As seen in Graph 41, when asked about access to food, 82 30% per cent reported having access to food only once a day, 20% 14% followed by 14 per cent that said having access to food twice 10% 8% a day and one per cent that confirmed having access only 0% every other day. Unemployed Employed Independent Taking a closer look at the group of respondents that reported having only access to one meal a day, one can observe the following:
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A higher proportion of male than female respondents reported GRAPH 46. having access to one meal a day (54% and 46% respectively). Reasons for Discrimination More than half of the respondents that have access to one meal a day were between 25 to 44 years old (57%). It is worth mentioning that 15 per cent of the respondents that have one 4% 4% meal a day are 55 years old or older, which exposes them as a vulnerable group to malnutrition. Lastly, 79 per cent of those with access to one meal a day were unemployed at the moment of the survey and 100 per cent of them confirmed that they had economic dependents.
92%
10. Nationality Economic situation Sexual Orientation PROTECTION
Respondents stated that their nationality was the major reason for discrimination (92%), followed by sexual orientation and GRAPH 45. economic status (4% respectively). Protection Status of Respondents
120%
100% 1% 2% 1%
80% 28%
60% 91% 97% 40% 70%
20%
0% 8% 2% Discrimination Safe Violence
Yes No No answer
Based on the interviews conducted, 70 per cent of respondents reported that they felt safe while 28 per cent said they felt unsafe and two per cent gave no answer. When asked about discrimination, 8 per cent said they had experienced discrimination during the journey while 2 per cent expressed, they had suffered violence (Graph 45).
18 International Organization for Migration 107-108 Duke Street, Georgetown, Guyana. Email: [email protected] Telephone: 592-225-3745 [email protected]