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Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products of Forest Non-Timber Commercial Shield theGuiana NC-IUCN/GSISeries 2 Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products of the Guiana Shield An inventory of commercial NTFP extraction and possibilities for sustainable harvesting By Tinde van Andel Amy MacKinven and Olaf Bánki Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products of the Guiana Shield is the second in a series of documents to be published by the Guiana Shield Initiative (GSI) of the Netherlands Committee for IUCN. The GSI received funding from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Dutch Government to lay the foundations for a longterm eco-regional project to finance sustainable development and conservation of the unique ecosystems of the Guiana Shield. This eco-region encompasses parts of Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and the whole of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. NTFP Report def.DEF. 11-12-2003 10:48 Pagina 1 Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products of the Guiana Shield NTFP Report def.DEF. 11-12-2003 10:48 Pagina 2 Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products of the Guiana Shield An inventory of commercial NTFP extraction and possibilities for sustainable harvesting By Tinde van Andel, Amy MacKinven and Olaf Bánki Amsterdam 2003 NTFP Report def.DEF. 11-12-2003 10:48 Pagina 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Preface Introduction 1.1 The Guiana Shield Eco-Region 1.2 The Guiana Shield Initiative 1.3 The Guayana Shield Conservation Priority Setting Workshop 1.4 Non-Timber Forest Products 1.5 Commercial NTFP extraction and biodiversity conservation 1.6 Aim of this report 1.7 Why include wildlife in a NTFP study? 1.8 Baseline biological research in the Guiana Shield Andel, van T.R., MacKinven, A.V. and Bánki, O.S. (2003). Commercial Non-Timber Forest Products of the Guiana Shield. An inventory of commercial NTFP extraction and Brazil possibilities for sustainable harvesting 1. Commercial NTFP extraction 2.2 Wildlife Compilation of plant data by Tinde van Andel ([email protected]) and Olaf Bánki 2.3 Plant Products ([email protected] / [email protected]). Compilation of animal data by Amy 2.4 The future of commercial NTFPs in Brazil MacKinven ([email protected]) Colombia This report is an inventory of the trade in non-timber forest products, including 3.1 Commercial NTFP extraction animals, in the Guiana Shield region. The recommendations comply with the IUCN 3.2 Wildlife principles on the sustainability of the use of species and ecosystems. Inclusion of a 3.3 Plant Products trade in this report does not automatically imply approval of the specific trade. 3.4 The future of commercial NTFPs in Colombia © Netherlands Committee for IUCN copyright of photographs and maps as indicated in captions French Guiana 4.1 Commercial NTFP extraction 4.2 Wildlife Produced by Amy MacKinven, Cas Besselink, and Dave Zwaan, NC-IUCN 4.3 Plant Products Layout and cover by Edith Cremers 4.4 The future of commercial NTFPs in French Guiana Cover photograph by Tinde van Andel: Non-Timber Forest Products for sale in Georgetown, Guyana Guyana ISBN 90-75909-11-X 5.1 Commercial NTFP extraction 5.2 Wildlife Published December 2003 5.3 Plant Products by the Netherlands Committee for IUCN 5.4 The future of commercial NTFPs in Guyana Plantage Middenlaan 2K Amsterdam, The Netherlands Suriname Websites: www.nciucn.nl; www.guianashield.org 6.1. Commercial NTFP extraction 6.2 Wildlife Printed in The Netherlands by Leeuwenberg 6.3 Plant Products NTFP Report def.DEF. 11-12-2003 10:48 Pagina 6 NC-IUCN/GSI SERIES • COMMERCIAL NTFPS OF THE GUIANA SHIELD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6.4 The future of commercial NTFPs in Suriname ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Venezuela 7.1 Commercial NTFP extraction 7.2 Wildlife The authors are most grateful to all persons that gave their comments on the 7.3 Plant Products report or helped in another way to achieve the goal of this study. We would like 7.4 The future of commercial NTFPs in Venezuela to thank all participants of the Guayana Shield Conservation Priority Setting Discussion Workshop in April 2002, Paramaribo, Suriname. We would like to especially 8.1 Lack of quantitative data on NTFPs thank the following experts: 8.2 Patterns in NTFP commercialisation throughout the Guiana Shield 8.3 Sustainable extraction of NTFPs Sydney Allicock, Frank Alphonso, Deokie Arjoon, Gerardo Aymard, Maria-Paula 8.4 Extractive Reserves Balcázar, Paul Berry, Karen Boven, Ricardo Branchs, David Cassels, Americo 8.5 Subsidising NTFP extraction Catalán, François Catzeflis, André Chanderballi, Mario Cohn-Haft, Barry 8.6 Domestication of NTFPs Chernoff, Bart de Dijn, Jocelyn Dow, Alvaro Ducke, Joost Duivenvoorden, Nicole 8.7 Promising products for sustainable harvesting Duplaix, Julian Evans, Marie-Louise Felix, Soraya Fleischer, Marie Fleury, Romain 8.8. Certification of sustainably harvested NTFPs Garrouste, Jean-Jacques de Granville, Amir Grosman, Lorna Hall, Lionel Hernández, Martin von Hildebrand, Patricio von Hildebrand, Marinus Conclusions Hoogmoed, Otto Huber, Isaäc Isbrücker, Marion Jansen-Jacobs, Charlotte van ’t Klooster, Raymond Landveld, Carlos Lasso Alcalá, Harry van der Linden, Recommendations Marchal Lingaard, Paul Maas, José Iván Mojica, Bryce Noonan, José Ochoa, Silvio Olivieri, Jean-François Orru, Christian Ostrosky, Otte Ottema, Bert Jan Ottens, Reference List Paul Ouboter, Maureen Playfair, Usha Raghoenandan, Carolyne Rahan-Singh, Aurelio Ramos, Cecile Richard-Hansen, Carlos Rodriguez, Franklin Rojas, Marc Appendix 1 Animal Species van Roosmalen, Judith Rosales, Daniel Sabatier, Arie Spaans, Hans ter Steege, Luis Takiyama, Pieter Teunissen, Alberto Vicentini, Graham Watkins, Ian Watson, Appendix 2 Plant Species Marga Werkhoven and Roderick Zagt. Appendix 3 Threat Categories and Regulations NTFP Report def.DEF. 11-12-2003 10:48 Pagina 8 NC-IUCN/GSI SERIES • COMMERCIAL NTFPS OF THE GUIANA SHIELD PREFACE and to support the sustainable use of NTFPs by e.g. certification. PREFACE The data, conclusions and recommendations of this report on monitoring the chains of NTFPs from harvest to consumer, on certification and on integrating NTFPs in forest management should assist both public policy and the private With 2.5 million square kilometers of largely intact tropical rainforest and savan- sector to operate more responsibly and sustainable. nas, 10-15% of the world’s fresh water reserves and an extremely rich and highly endemic biodiversity, the Guiana Shield ranks among the most important The global community deserves the goods and services of an intact Guiana Shield ecological regions in the world. ecoregion, the Guiana Shield deserves a decent income. The so-called ecosystem services of the region in the areas of climate stabilisation, watershed protection and the hydrological cycle, and the maintenance of a unique Mary Allegretti stock of biological and genetic diversity are a great asset to the global community, Secretary for the Amazon for present and future generations. Ministry for the Environment of Brazil It is the aim of the Guiana Shield Initiative (GSI), a partnership of many interna- Member Steering Committee of the Guiana Shield Initiative tional organisations with its secretariat at the Netherlands Committee for IUCN, to set up a system to adequately compensate the local communities and the rele- vant authorities for their continued delivery of these ecosystem services. These compensations could take the form of financial payments or of other types of remuneration (technical, medical or legal services), depending on the needs of the ‘producers’ of the services. Directly associated with this long-term objective the GSI aims to secure the direct use of the biodiversity of the Guiana Shield by the local communities, also for commercial purposes. It is the latter which is the subject of this report. We are talking about all wild plant and animal products that can be harvested from forests or other types of natural ecosystems, which may appear on local, national and even international markets. Although often not statistically recorded, they are of great relevance for local incomes and a key to truly sustainable use of the forest. For the forest-dwelling communities they are an essential source of food, shelter, household equipment, forage and medicine. For instance 65-90% of all plant species in the Guiana Shield are considered useful by the local indigenous people. This report aims to highlight the Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) of the Guiana Shield: which are they, what is their economic value, where are (potential) markets, and, last but not least, how can they be sustainably harvested? The danger of a successful NTFP is of course overharvesting, which in the end could lead to slaughtering the goose with the golden eggs. As Secretary for the Brazilian Amazon and with my background in supporting the ‘extractivist reserves’ which now occupy such a prominent place in the Pilot Program for the Brazilian Rainforests, it gives me great pleasure to present this report to the reader. Especially I hope this ‘hidden economy’ will draw the atten- tion of policy makers, both at the national and international level, who still too often see the value of forests only in terms of the timber on top of the soil, min- erals in the subsoil or as a space to be converted into large scale plantations or agricultural production units. More sophisticated policy instruments are needed to create sustainable income out of capturing the value of the ecosystem services NTFP Report def.DEF. 11-12-2003 10:48 Pagina 10 NC-IUCN/GSI SERIES • COMMERCIAL NTFPS OF THE GUIANA SHIELD INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Guiana Shield Eco-region The Guiana Shield eco-region is a two billion-year-old Precambrian crystalline rock formation that extends from western Colombia to north-eastern Brazil. This eco-region includes parts of Colombia and Venezuela, the whole of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana, the states of Roraima, Amapá, and the northern parts of Amazonas and Pará in Brazil (see Map opposite page).
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