DOCSLIB.ORG

TAG Operational Structure

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TAG Operational Structure PARROT TAXON ADVISORY GROUP (TAG) Regional Collection Plan 5th Edition 2020-2025 Sustainability of Parrot Populations in AZA Facilities ...................................................................... 1 Mission/Objectives/Strategies......................................................................................................... 2 TAG Operational Structure .............................................................................................................. 3 Steering Committee .................................................................................................................... 3 TAG Advisors ............................................................................................................................... 4 SSP Coordinators ......................................................................................................................... 5 Hot Topics: TAG Recommendations ................................................................................................ 8 Parrots as Ambassador Animals .................................................................................................. 9 Interactive Aviaries Housing Psittaciformes .............................................................................. 10 Private Aviculture ...................................................................................................................... 13 Communication ......................................................................................................................... 13 Veterinary Updates – General Health ....................................................................................... 14 Taxonomy ...................................................................................................................................... 16 Conservation Status ...................................................................................................................... 17 IUCN Categories ........................................................................................................................ 19 USFWS Endangered and Threatened Designations ................................................................... 20 CITES Appendices I, II, and III ..................................................................................................... 20 Management Options (Program Definitions) ................................................................................ 21 Program Qualifications (Decision Tree) ......................................................................................... 24 Species Selection Criteria .............................................................................................................. 25 Program Qualifications .................................................................................................................. 27 Managed Programs ....................................................................................................................... 28 Thick-billed parrot Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha .................................................................. 28 Hyacinth macaw Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus ..................................................................... 30 Blue-throated macaw Ara glaucogularis ............................................................................... 32 Golden conure Guarouba guarouba ..................................................................................... 36 Red-fronted macaw Ara rubrogenys ..................................................................................... 38 Palm cockatoo Probosciger aterrimus ................................................................................... 40 Hawk-headed Parrot Deroptyus acciptrinus .......................................................................... 43 Kea Nestor notabilis ............................................................................................................... 45 TAG Monitored Cockatoos ........................................................................................................ 48 Galah Eolophus roseicapillus ................................................................................................. 48 Cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus .......................................................................................... 49 TAG Monitored Lories/Lorikeets ............................................................................................... 50 ‘Rainbow’ lory Trichoglossus spp. .......................................................................................... 50 Rainbow/ Coconut lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus ........................................................ 51 Forsten’s lorikeet Trichoglossus forsteni ............................................................................... 52 Goldie’s lorikeet Psitteuteles goldiei...................................................................................... 53 TAG Monitored Pacific Parrots .................................................................................................. 54 Eastern rosella Platycercus eximius ....................................................................................... 54 Bourke’s parrot Neopsephotus bourkii .................................................................................. 55 Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus ..................................................................................... 56 Eclectus parrot Eclectus roratus ............................................................................................ 57 Princess parrot Polytelis alexandrae ...................................................................................... 58 TAG Monitored African/Asian Parrots ....................................................................................... 59 Blue-crowned hanging parrot Loriculus galgulus .................................................................. 59 Black-cheeked lovebird Agapornis nigrigenis ........................................................................ 60 Grey parrot Psittacus e. erithacus ......................................................................................... 61 TAG Monitored New World Parrots .......................................................................................... 62 Blue and yellow macaw Ara ararauna ................................................................................... 62 Military macaw Ara militaris ................................................................................................. 63 Scarlet macaw Ara macao ..................................................................................................... 64 Red and green macaw Ara chloropterus ............................................................................... 65 Sun conure (parakeet) Aratinga solstitialis ........................................................................... 66 Yellow-headed amazon Amazona oratrix .............................................................................. 67 Conservation Projects/ Programs .................................................................................................. 68 Project Title: Nido Adoptivo Blue-throated macaw nest box project (Bolivia) .......................... 69 Project Title: Scarlet Macaw Population Recovery in Maya Biosphere Reserve (Guatemala) ... 70 Program Title: Kea Conservation Trust (New Zealand) .............................................................. 72 Animal Programs Summary Table ................................................................................................. 73 History/RCP Planning Process ....................................................................................................... 75 1st Edition Regional Collection Plan – 2002-2005 ...................................................................... 75 2nd Edition Regional Collection Plan – 2006-2009 ..................................................................... 76 3rd Edition Regional Collection Plan – 2010-2015 ..................................................................... 78 4th Edition Regional Collection Plan – 2015-2020 ..................................................................... 80 5th Edition Regional Collection Plan – 2020-2025 ..................................................................... 81 Management Updates Table ......................................................................................................... 84 Phasing Out Species/ Replacement Suggestions ........................................................................... 87 Animal Program Roles, Goals and Essential Actions Table ............................................................ 88 Complete Species Accounts .......................................................................................................... 92 Bibliography................................................................................................................................. 112 This document is the result of the dedicated efforts of the Parrot TAG’s Steering Committee and Animal Programs Leaders. We appreciate the participation of all facilities that responded to the space survey and those Institutional Representatives who offered comments. TAG Secretary Gen Anderson is credited for her efforts in formatting the entire document. Special thanks to Justin Miller for the Parrot TAG logo. Sustainability of Parrot
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TRUSTVETASSISTSSURVIVAL of WORLD'srarestparrot New Clues to Echo Parakeet Problem Bypallia Harris
    News about parrot conservation, aviculture and welfare from qg&%rld q&rrot~t TRUSTVETASSISTSSURVIVAL OF WORLD'SRARESTPARROT New clues to Echo Parakeet problem ByPallIa Harris When the World Parrot Trust was The World Parrot Trust has project, contributing funds and of the World Parrot Trust and a launched in 1989, our first consistently provided funding for parrot expertise to both the member of the International Zoo priority was to help the world's the Echo Parakeet and maintained captive breeding programme and Veterinary Group. When the rarest parrot, the Echo Parakeet, close relations with the project's wild population management captive population of parrots which still numbers less than 20 director, Carl Jones, and the efforts. This new opportunity became ill this spring, Andrew birds in the wild. With your Jersey Wildlife Preservation provides the World Parrot Trust advised project staff in Mauritius generous donations, the Trust Trust, which finances and with one of the greatest by telephone and by fax. was proud to present the Echo manages the project with the co- challenges in parrot conservation Subsequently, at the request of Parakeet project with a badly operation of the Mauritius today. the Jersey Wildlife Preservation needed four wheel drive vehicle government's Conservation Unit. The followingstory is drawn, Trust, the World Parrot Trust sent to enable field researchers to Recently, the World Parrot Trust in part, from a veterinary report Andrew to Mauritius to reach the remote forest in which was invited to become a major by Andrew Greenwood,MAVetMB investigate tragic mortalities the parrot struggles to survive. partner in the Echo Parakeet MIBiolMRCVS,a founder Trustee among the Echo Parakeets.
    [Show full text]
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
    [Show full text]
  • Beak and Feather Disease Viru
    Fact sheet Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is the causative agent of psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), an endemic disease in Australia’s wild parrot populations. Descriptions of parrots with feather loss consistent with the disease date back to the late 1800s (Ashby 1907). The virus is believed to have originated in Australia sometime following the separation of the continent from Gondwanaland, with spread to other parts of the world with modern movement of parrots as pet and aviary species . It has the potential to impact on several endangered Australian and non-Australian parrot populations and is listed as a key threatening process by the Australian government. Of late, the virus also has been identified in various non-psittacine species . Beak and feather disease virus is a 14 to 16 nm non-enveloped icosahedral DNA virus belonging to the family Circoviridae. Formerly, it was believed that the circoviruses recovered from a diverse range of psittacines were all antigenically similar. Doubt was cast on this theory when a virus that appeared to be serologically and genetically different was isolated from cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) (Shearer et al. 2008). More recent research appears to indicate that psittacine circoviruses can be divided into two species and multiple viral strains. Based on work by Varsani et al. (2011), BFDV contains 14 strains, while budgerigar circovirus (BCV), a newly defined species to date only found in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulates), contains three strains. However, it is likely that this number will continue to increase as shown by the discovery of two new distinct BFDV lineages in orange-bellied parrots (Neophema chrysogaster) (Peters et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Influencing Density of the Northern Mealy Amazon in Three Forest Types of a Modified Rainforest Landscape in Mesoamerica
    VOLUME 12, ISSUE 1, ARTICLE 5 De Labra-Hernández, M. Á., and K. Renton. 2017. Factors influencing density of the Northern Mealy Amazon in three forest types of a modified rainforest landscape in Mesoamerica. Avian Conservation and Ecology 12(1):5. https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00957-120105 Copyright © 2017 by the author(s). Published here under license by the Resilience Alliance. Research Paper Factors influencing density of the Northern Mealy Amazon in three forest types of a modified rainforest landscape in Mesoamerica Miguel Ángel De Labra-Hernández 1 and Katherine Renton 2 1Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México, 2Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Jalisco, México ABSTRACT. The high rate of conversion of tropical moist forest to secondary forest makes it imperative to evaluate forest metric relationships of species dependent on primary, old-growth forest. The threatened Northern Mealy Amazon (Amazona guatemalae) is the largest mainland parrot, and occurs in tropical moist forests of Mesoamerica that are increasingly being converted to secondary forest. However, the consequences of forest conversion for this recently taxonomically separated parrot species are poorly understood. We measured forest metrics of primary evergreen, riparian, and secondary tropical moist forest in Los Chimalapas, Mexico. We also used point counts to estimate density of Northern Mealy Amazons in each forest type during the nonbreeding (Sept 2013) and breeding (March 2014) seasons. We then examined how parrot density was influenced by forest structure and composition, and how parrots used forest types within tropical moist forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Epinephelus Coioides) from Northern Oman
    490 NOAA First U.S. Commissioner National Marine Fishery Bulletin established 1881 of Fisheries and founder Fisheries Service of Fishery Bulletin Abstract—Age, growth, and monthly reproductive characteristics were Demographic profile of an overexploited determined for the orange-spotted serranid, the orange-spotted grouper grouper (Epinephelus coioides) from northern Oman. This species is char- (Epinephelus coioides), from northern Oman acterized by a prevalence of females (1–11 years old), and males make up 1,2 6.5% of the total sample. Growth pa- Jennifer L. McIlwain rameters indicate a typical pattern Aisha Ambu-ali1 for groupers with a low growth co- Nasr Al Jardani1 efficient (K=0.135). The trajectory of 3 the von Bertalanffy growth function Andrew. R. Halford was almost linear with no evidence Hamed S. Al-Oufi4 of asymptotic growth. Estimates of David A. Feary (contact author)5 mortality revealed a low natural mortality of 0.14/year but a high Email address for contact author: [email protected] fishing mortality of 0.59/year. More alarming was the high rate of exploi- 1 Department of Marine Science and Fisheries 4 tation (0.81/year), considered unsus- Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences tainable for a slow-growing grouper. P.O. Box 1700, Muscat 111 Sultan Qaboos University The population off southern Oman Sultanate of Oman P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod 123 is diandric protogynous, and sex 5 School of Life Sciences Sultanate of Oman change takes place between 449 and University of Nottingham 748 mm in total length (TL) or over 2 Department of Environment and Agriculture University Park a period of 4–8 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Objective Record of Epinephelus Marginatus (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) from the Sultanate of Oman (Arabian Sea)
    Ichthyological note Objective record of Epinephelus marginatus (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) from the Sultanate of Oman (Arabian Sea) © SFI © by Submitted: 25 May 2020 Accepted: 21 Aug. 2020 * Editor: R. Causse Philippe BÉAREZ (1), Marion I. MENNESSON (2) & Eric PELLÉ (3) Résumé. – Signalement objectif d’Epinephelus marginatus (Serra- nidae : Epinephelinae) sur la côte du Sultanat d’Oman (mer d’Ara- bie). Deux spécimens (268-665 mm de longueur standard) du mérou Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) ont été prélevés au marché aux poissons de Salalah, dans le Sultanat d’Oman. Ces spécimens confirment la présence de l’espèce en Oman et représentent son signalement le plus au nord dans l’océan Indien. Key words. – Epinephelinae – Epinephelus marginatus – Dusky grouper – New record – Oman – Indian Ocean. Groupers (subfamily Epinephelinae) include 185 valid species (Fricke et al., 2020). Most of them are among the most prized fish- es and are subject to considerable fishing pressure throughout their range (Craig et al., 2011; Sadovy de Mitcheson et al., 2012). The Figure 1. – Map of the Arabian Sea with the location of Salalah, Dhofar, in the Sultanate of Oman. dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) is no excep- tion to this rule; it is classified by the IUCN as Endangered in the MATERIALS AND METHODS Mediterranean (Cornish and Harmelin-Vivien, 2011) and Vulner- able at global scale (Pollard et al., 2018), and its capture is subject Two specimens were purchased at the fish market of Sala- to protective measures in several countries. lah, Dhofar, Sultanate of Oman (Fig. 1): the largest one (665 mm The dusky grouper is not only an iconic demersal species of standard length (SL)) on 7 Jan.
    [Show full text]
  • AWI-WL-Hyacinth-Macaw-Comments
    January 27, 2017 VIA Electronic Submission to: http://www.regulations.gov Public Comments Processing Attn: FWS–R9– ES–2012–0013 Division of Policy and Directives Management U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 4401 N. Fairfax Drive Arlington, VA 22203 Dear Branch Chief Van Norman: Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the proposed threatened listing and draft 4(d) rule for the hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). These comments are submitted on behalf of the Center for Biological Diversity (Center) and the Animal Welfare Institute (AWI). The Center is a nonprofit conservation organization with more than 1,200,000 members and online activists dedicated to the protection of endangered species and wild places. The Center and its members have a long standing interest in the conservation of foreign species and their habitat, including the hyacinth macaw. AWI is a nonprofit, charitable organization founded in 1951 and dedicated to reducing animal suffering caused by people. AWI has been engaged in efforts to confront issues associated with wildlife trade, particularly the commercial trade in wild-caught birds. We have had a long-standing interest in the conservation of the hyacinth macaw and concern for the detrimental effects of trade coupled with habitat loss on the species. We vehemently disagree with the suggestion that the hyacinth macaw should be listed as threatened instead of endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA or Act). Habitat loss is still a significant threat to this species, as is the pet trade. Moreover, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service’s (USFWS or Service) Significant Portion of the Range Policy (SPOR policy) is unlawful as evidenced by the agency’s decision here that the birds are threatened throughout their range and therefore a significant portion of their range need not be analyzed.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of the Ecology of Antipodes Island Parakeet ( Cyanoramphus Unicolor) and Reischek's Parakeet ( C
    Aspects of the ecology of Antipodes Island Parakeet ( Cyanoramphus unicolor) and Reischek's Parakeet ( C. novaezelandiae hochstetten) on Antipodes Island, October - November 1995 TERRY C. GREENE Science and Research Unit, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68-908, Newton, Auckland, New Zealad ABSTRACT Aspects of the ecology of the Antipodes Island Parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor) and Reischek's Parakeet (C. novaezelandiae hochstettq were examined at the Antipodes Islands during October and November 1995. Significant differences in diet were detected between the species. Leaves of large tussocks formed the majority of the diet forhtipodes Island Parakeets, whereas tussock flowers comprised much of the diet of Reischek's Parakeet. Significant differences in the diet of these species between this and previous studies were thought to reflect temporal variations in food availability rather than any fundamental shift in dietary preferences. Observations were made of both parakeet species scavenging on bird corpses. Antipodes Island Parakeets were also recorded killing and eating Grey-backed Storm Petrels (Oceanites nereis). One Antipodes Island Parakeet nest was located; clutch size, physical characteristics of the nest and of behaviour during incubation are described. KEYWORDS: Antipodes Island Parakeet, Cyanorampbus unicolor, Reischek's Parakeet, Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae hochstetteri, Antipodes Islands, diet, predation INTRODUCTION Two parakeet species of the genus Cyanorampbus (subfamily: Psittacinae) occur sympatrically on the subantarctic Antipodes Islands. The parakeets form a distinct and significant part of an avifauna otherwise dominated by seabirds. The Antipodes Island Parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor) is the largest species of its genus and is endemic to the island group. Reischek's Parakeet (C. novaezelandiae hochstetteri) is also endemic to the Antipodes Islands, and is one of four other subspecies of the nominate Red-crowned Parakeet (C.
    [Show full text]
  • Peru: from the Cusco Andes to the Manu
    The critically endangered Royal Cinclodes - our bird-of-the-trip (all photos taken on this tour by Pete Morris) PERU: FROM THE CUSCO ANDES TO THE MANU 26 JULY – 12 AUGUST 2017 LEADERS: PETE MORRIS and GUNNAR ENGBLOM This brand new itinerary really was a tour of two halves! For the frst half of the tour we really were up on the roof of the world, exploring the Andes that surround Cusco up to altitudes in excess of 4000m. Cold clear air and fantastic snow-clad peaks were the order of the day here as we went about our task of seeking out a number of scarce, localized and seldom-seen endemics. For the second half of the tour we plunged down off of the mountains and took the long snaking Manu Road, right down to the Amazon basin. Here we traded the mountainous peaks for vistas of forest that stretched as far as the eye could see in one of the planet’s most diverse regions. Here, the temperatures rose in line with our ever growing list of sightings! In all, we amassed a grand total of 537 species of birds, including 36 which provided audio encounters only! As we all know though, it’s not necessarily the shear number of species that counts, but more the quality, and we found many high quality species. New species for the Birdquest life list included Apurimac Spinetail, Vilcabamba Thistletail, Am- pay (still to be described) and Vilcabamba Tapaculos and Apurimac Brushfnch, whilst other montane goodies included the stunning Bearded Mountaineer, White-tufted Sunbeam the critically endangered Royal Cinclodes, 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Peru: From the Cusco Andes to The Manu 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com These wonderful Blue-headed Macaws were a brilliant highlight near to Atalaya.
    [Show full text]
  • Psittacula Krameri) and Alexandrine Parakeets (Psittacula Eupatria) in Istanbul’S City Parks
    Şahin – Arslangündoğdu: Breeding status and nest characteristics of Rose-ringed and Alexandrine parakeets in Istanbul - 2461 - BREEDING STATUS AND NEST CHARACTERISTICS OF ROSE- RINGED (PSITTACULA KRAMERI) AND ALEXANDRINE PARAKEETS (PSITTACULA EUPATRIA) IN ISTANBUL’S CITY PARKS ŞAHIN, D.1 – ARSLANGÜNDOĞDU, Z.2* 1Boğaziçi University Institute of Environmental Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey 2Department of Forest Entomology and Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University- Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]; phone:+90-212-338-2400/ext. 25256; fax: +90-212-338-2424 (Received 25th Oct 2018; accepted 28th Jan 2019) Abstract. Invasive non-native parakeet populations are increasing throughout Europe with proved negative impact on native fauna and Turkey is no exception. Rose-ringed and Alexandrine parakeets have established populations in Turkey’s large cities but even basic distribution, abundance and breeding behaviour information is missing. This study aims at determining the breeding status and identifying the nest characteristics of Rose-ringed and Alexandrine parakeets in Istanbul’s city parks. The study is carried out in 9 city parks during one breeding season. Data on the presence of breeding parakeet species, their nest characteristics and characteristic of suitable cavities on non-nesting trees were collected. Both species were recorded breeding sympatrically in 5 out of 9 city parks with probable breeding in one more park. When nesting, both species preferred high trees with high diameter but Rose-ringed parakeet nests were placed lower than those of Alexandrine parakeet’s. Plane (Platanus sp.) species were the most used as a nesting tree for both species. This study reveals the first systematic observations on the breeding Rose-ringed and Alexandrine parakeet populations in Istanbul and serves as a basis for further detailed research on both species in Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • A Courting Behavioral Study on a Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus Hyacinthinus) Pair
    The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal (URJ) Volume 12 Issue 1 Article 2 2020 A Courting Behavioral Study on a Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) Pair Pamela Mulkay University of Central Florida Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/urj University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Office of Undergraduate Research at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal (URJ) by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Mulkay, Pamela (2020) "A Courting Behavioral Study on a Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) Pair," The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal (URJ): Vol. 12 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/urj/vol12/iss1/2 Mulkay: A Courting Behavioral Study on a Hyacinth Macaw Published 9-17 Vol. 12.1: April 8, 2020 THE PEGASUS REVIEW: UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH JOURNAL A Courting Behavioral Study on a Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) Pair By: Pamela Mulkay Faculty Mentor: Frank Logiudice UCF Department of Biology ABSTRACT: This study observes the courtship behaviors of an Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus pair in the Central Florida Zoo and Botanical Gardens in Sanford, Florida. A. hyacinthinus reproductive behaviors occur in four steps in the following order: Allopreening, Cloacal allopreening, Back to Back Copulation Position and finally, Copulation (Schneider 2006). Behavioral observations were taken twice a week for an average of 2 to 3 hours each day for ten weeks. The resulting data was analyzed based on the different actions, types of movement, and types of maintenance observed of the A.
    [Show full text]
  • Parrots in the London Area a London Bird Atlas Supplement
    Parrots in the London Area A London Bird Atlas Supplement Richard Arnold, Ian Woodward, Neil Smith 2 3 Abstract species have been recorded (EASIN http://alien.jrc. Senegal Parrot and Blue-fronted Amazon remain between 2006 and 2015 (LBR). There are several ec.europa.eu/SpeciesMapper ). The populations of more or less readily available to buy from breeders, potential factors which may combine to explain the Parrots are widely introduced outside their native these birds are very often associated with towns while the smaller species can easily be bought in a lack of correlation. These may include (i) varying range, with non-native populations of several and cities (Lever, 2005; Butler, 2005). In Britain, pet shop. inclination or ability (identification skills) to report species occurring in Europe, including the UK. As there is just one parrot species, the Ring-necked (or Although deliberate release and further import of particular species by both communities; (ii) varying well as the well-established population of Ring- Rose-ringed) parakeet Psittacula krameri, which wild birds are both illegal, the captive populations lengths of time that different species survive after necked Parakeet (Psittacula krameri), five or six is listed by the British Ornithologists’ Union (BOU) remain a potential source for feral populations. escaping/being released; (iii) the ease of re-capture; other species have bred in Britain and one of these, as a self-sustaining introduced species (Category Escapes or releases of several species are clearly a (iv) the low likelihood that deliberate releases will the Monk Parakeet, (Myiopsitta monachus) can form C). The other five or six¹ species which have bred regular event.
    [Show full text]