According to Dictionary
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
CITES Hooded Parrot Review
Original language: English AC28 Doc. 20.3.5 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ___________________ Twenty-eighth meeting of the Animals Committee Tel Aviv (Israel), 30 August-3 September 2015 Interpretation and implementation of the Convention Species trade and conservation Periodic review of species included in Appendices I and II [Resolution Conf 14.8 (Rev CoP16)] PERIODIC REVIEW OF PSEPHOTUS DISSIMILIS 1. This document has been submitted by Australia.* 2. After the 25th meeting of the Animals Committee (Geneva, July 2011) and in response to Notification to the Parties No. 2011/038, Australia committed to the evaluation of Psephotus dissimilis as part of the Periodic review of the species included in the CITES Appendices. 3. This taxon is endemic to Australia. 4. Following our review of the status of this species, Australia recommends to maintain Psephotus dissimilis on CITES Appendix I, in accordance with provisions of Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev CoP 16) to allow for further review. * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. AC28 Doc. 20.3.5 – p. 1 AC28 Doc. 20.3.5 Annex CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ DRAFT PROPOSAL TO AMEND THE APPENDICES (in accordance with Annex 4 to Resolution Conf. -
TAG Operational Structure
PARROT TAXON ADVISORY GROUP (TAG) Regional Collection Plan 5th Edition 2020-2025 Sustainability of Parrot Populations in AZA Facilities ...................................................................... 1 Mission/Objectives/Strategies......................................................................................................... 2 TAG Operational Structure .............................................................................................................. 3 Steering Committee .................................................................................................................... 3 TAG Advisors ............................................................................................................................... 4 SSP Coordinators ......................................................................................................................... 5 Hot Topics: TAG Recommendations ................................................................................................ 8 Parrots as Ambassador Animals .................................................................................................. 9 Interactive Aviaries Housing Psittaciformes .............................................................................. 10 Private Aviculture ...................................................................................................................... 13 Communication ........................................................................................................................ -
Foraging Ecology of the World's Only
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. FORAGING ECOLOGY OF THE WORLD’S ONLY POPULATION OF THE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED TASMAN PARAKEET (CYANORAMPHUS COOKII), ON NORFOLK ISLAND A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conservation Biology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. Amy Waldmann 2016 The Tasman parakeet (Cyanoramphus cookii) Photo: L. Ortiz-Catedral© ii ABSTRACT I studied the foraging ecology of the world’s only population of the critically endangered Tasman parakeet (Cyanoramphus cookii) on Norfolk Island, from July 2013 to March 2015. I characterised, for the first time in nearly 30 years of management, the diversity of foods consumed and seasonal trends in foraging heights and foraging group sizes. In addition to field observations, I also collated available information on the feeding biology of the genus Cyanoramphus, to understand the diversity of species and food types consumed by Tasman parakeets and their closest living relatives as a function of bill morphology. I discuss my findings in the context of the conservation of the Tasman parakeet, specifically the impending translocation of the species to Phillip Island. I demonstrate that Tasman parakeets have a broad and flexible diet that includes seeds, fruits, flowers, pollen, sori, sprout rhizomes and bark of 30 native and introduced plant species found within Norfolk Island National Park. Dry seeds (predominantly Araucaria heterophylla) are consumed most frequently during autumn (81% of diet), over a foraging area of ca. -
Special Issue: Genomic Analyses of Avian Evolution
diversity Editorial Special Issue: Genomic Analyses of Avian Evolution Peter Houde Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; [email protected] Received: 26 September 2019; Accepted: 27 September 2019; Published: 29 September 2019 Abstract: “Genomic Analyses of Avian Evolution” is a “state of the art” showcase of the varied and rapidly evolving fields of inquiry enabled and driven by powerful new methods of genome sequencing and assembly as they are applied to some of the world’s most familiar and charismatic organisms—birds. The contributions to this Special Issue are as eclectic as avian genomics itself, but loosely interrelated by common underpinnings of phylogenetic inference, de novo genome assembly of non-model species, and genome organization and content. Keywords: Aves; phylogenomics; genome assembly; non-model species; genome organization Birds have been the focus of pioneering studies of evolutionary biology for generations, largely because they are abundant, diverse, conspicuous, and charismatic [1]. Ongoing individual and extensively collaborative programs to sequence whole genomes or a variety of pan-genomic markers of all 10,135 described species of living birds further promise to keep birds in the limelight in the near and indefinite future [2,3]. Such comprehensive taxon sampling provides untold opportunities for comparative studies in well documented phenotypic, adaptive, ecological, behavioral, and demographic contexts, while elucidating differing characteristics of evolutionary processes across the genome and among lineages [4,5]. “Genomic Analyses of Avian Evolution” is a timely snapshot of the rapid ontogeny of these diverse endeavors. It features one review and seven original research articles reflecting an eclectic sample of studies loosely interrelated by common themes of phylogenetic inference, de novo genome assembly of non-model species, and genome organization and content. -
TRAFFIC Bird’S-Eye View: REPORT Lessons from 50 Years of Bird Trade Regulation & Conservation in Amazon Countries
TRAFFIC Bird’s-eye view: REPORT Lessons from 50 years of bird trade regulation & conservation in Amazon countries DECEMBER 2018 Bernardo Ortiz-von Halle About the author and this study: Bernardo Ortiz-von Halle, a biologist and TRAFFIC REPORT zoologist from the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, has more than 30 years of experience in numerous aspects of conservation and its links to development. His decades of work for IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature and TRAFFIC TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring in South America have allowed him to network, is a leading non-governmental organization working globally on trade acquire a unique outlook on the mechanisms, in wild animals and plants in the context institutions, stakeholders and challenges facing of both biodiversity conservation and the conservation and sustainable use of species sustainable development. and ecosystems. Developing a critical perspective The views of the authors expressed in this of what works and what doesn’t to achieve lasting conservation goals, publication do not necessarily reflect those Bernardo has put this expertise within an historic framework to interpret of TRAFFIC, WWF, or IUCN. the outcomes of different wildlife policies and actions in South America, Reproduction of material appearing in offering guidance towards solutions that require new ways of looking at this report requires written permission wildlife trade-related problems. Always framing analysis and interpretation from the publisher. in the midst of the socioeconomic and political frameworks of each South The designations of geographical entities in American country and in the region as a whole, this work puts forward this publication, and the presentation of the conclusions and possible solutions to bird trade-related issues that are material, do not imply the expression of any linked to global dynamics, especially those related to wildlife trade. -
Social Play in Kaka (Nestor Meridionalis) with Comparisons to Kea (Nestor Notabilis)
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Behavior and Biological Sciences Papers in the Biological Sciences 2004 Social Play in Kaka (Nestor meridionalis) with Comparisons to Kea (Nestor notabilis) Judy Diamond University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Alan B. Bond University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscibehavior Part of the Behavior and Ethology Commons Diamond, Judy and Bond, Alan B., "Social Play in Kaka (Nestor meridionalis) with Comparisons to Kea (Nestor notabilis)" (2004). Papers in Behavior and Biological Sciences. 34. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscibehavior/34 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Behavior and Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Behaviour 141 (2004), pp. 777-798. Copyright © 2004 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden. Used by permission. Social Play in Kaka (Nestor meridionalis) with Comparisons to Kea (Nestor notabilis) Judy Diamond University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA Alan B. Bond School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA Corresponding author—J. Diamond, [email protected] Summary Social play in the kaka (Nestor meridionalis), a New Zealand parrot, is described and contrasted with that of its closest relative, the kea (Nestor notabilis), in one of the first comparative studies of social play in closely related birds. Most play ac- tion patterns were clearly homologous in these two species, though some con- trasts in the form of specific play behaviors, such as kicking or biting, could be attributed to morphological differences. -
Testing Social Learning in a Wild Mountain Parrot, the Kea (Nestor Notabilis)
Learning & Behavior 2004, 32 (1), 62-71 Testing social learning in a wild mountain parrot, the kea (Nestor notabilis) GYULA K. GAJDON, NATASHA FIJN, and LUDWIG HUBER University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Huber, Taborsky, and Rechberger (2001) reported an experiment in which the efficiency with which captive keas opened a complex food container was increased by observation of a skilled conspecific. However, only testing social learning in free-ranginganimals can demonstrate social learning in natural conditions. For that purpose, a tube-lifting paradigm was developed and testedon keas both in captivity and in Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand. The task was to remove a tube from an upright pole in order to gain access to a reward inside the tube. The top of the pole was higher than a standing kea, so that, to remove the tube, an individual had to simultaneously climb onto the pole and manipulate the tube up the pole with its bill. Because only 1 naive bird managed to remove a tube twice in 25 half- hour sessions and disappeared after success, another bird was trained to solve the task and to provide demonstrations for others. Even under such conditions, only 2 of at least 15 birds learned to remove the tube in 28 sessions. There was no indication that observer birds’ use of bill and feet when explor- ing the tube changed as the number of observations of tube removal increased in a way that would, in principle, increase the likelihood of tube removal. The results suggest a dissociation of social learning potential as assessed in laboratory animals, and social transmission of foraging techniques in natural populations. -
Parrot Brochure
COMMON MEDICAL PROPER HOUSING COMPANION DISEASES PARROTS: 1.) Nutritional deficiencies - A variety of ocular, nasal, respiratory, reproductive LARGE & SMALL and skin disorders caused by chronically improper diets. 2.) Feather picking - A behavioral disorder, sometimes secondary to a primary medical problem, where the bird self-mutilates by picking out its own Maecenas feathers. It is most often due to depression from lack of mental Proper housing for a macaw and other large birds stimulation or companionship and more Finding the right parrot cage for your feathered commonly seen in larger species. friend depends on the size and needs of your Purchasing your pet birds only in pairs bird. For example, while a parakeet needs a can help prevent this disorder smaller cage that can sit on a counter-top or from developing." table; the macaw needs a HUGE cage practically 3.) Bumblefoot - All caged birds are the size of a small room! It is always safest to “go susceptible to developing “bumblefoot" big.” Avoid galvanized metal wiring due to the or pododermatitis. This disease manifests potential for lead poisoning, and clean the itself as blisters and infections of the feet substrate on the bottom of the cage daily to caused by dirty perches or perches that weekly. Birds are messy creatures that love to are all the same size, shape and made of dive into their food bowls! Perches should vary the same material. i.e. smooth wood. in size, shape and material; including various How best to care for these diverse woods, sand paper and cloth. Clean perches and colorful birds and to ensure regularly to prevent diseases of the feet. -
AWI-WL-Hyacinth-Macaw-Comments
January 27, 2017 VIA Electronic Submission to: http://www.regulations.gov Public Comments Processing Attn: FWS–R9– ES–2012–0013 Division of Policy and Directives Management U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 4401 N. Fairfax Drive Arlington, VA 22203 Dear Branch Chief Van Norman: Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the proposed threatened listing and draft 4(d) rule for the hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). These comments are submitted on behalf of the Center for Biological Diversity (Center) and the Animal Welfare Institute (AWI). The Center is a nonprofit conservation organization with more than 1,200,000 members and online activists dedicated to the protection of endangered species and wild places. The Center and its members have a long standing interest in the conservation of foreign species and their habitat, including the hyacinth macaw. AWI is a nonprofit, charitable organization founded in 1951 and dedicated to reducing animal suffering caused by people. AWI has been engaged in efforts to confront issues associated with wildlife trade, particularly the commercial trade in wild-caught birds. We have had a long-standing interest in the conservation of the hyacinth macaw and concern for the detrimental effects of trade coupled with habitat loss on the species. We vehemently disagree with the suggestion that the hyacinth macaw should be listed as threatened instead of endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA or Act). Habitat loss is still a significant threat to this species, as is the pet trade. Moreover, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service’s (USFWS or Service) Significant Portion of the Range Policy (SPOR policy) is unlawful as evidenced by the agency’s decision here that the birds are threatened throughout their range and therefore a significant portion of their range need not be analyzed. -
Threatened Parrots of the Neotropics
sustain their numbers. Buffon's Macaw: Appendix I. Threatened Parrots Sometimes confused with the Mili tary Macaw. See A.F.A. Watchbird Oct/Nov 1986 and Dec/Jan 1990 for ofthe Neotropics clarification. These birds are seri by Nigel J. Col/ar ously declining throughout their International Council for Bird Preservation range in Central America. Captive Cambridge, United Kingdom breeding is desperately needed. Green-winged Macaws: Appen dix 11. Still being brought into the U.S. Parrots as Problems the deletion of Yellow-sided Parakeet The wild caught birds have proven Parrots are colourful, vegetarian, Pyrrhura hypoxantha (an invalid difficult to breed. Better success is playful and mimetic, so people find species), the relegation of Yellow possible utilizing captive bred birds them attractive, easy to keep, com faced Amazon Amazona xanthops to for breeding. panionable and entertaining. In popu near-threatened status, the promotion Hyacinth Macaws: Appendix I. lar consciousness, they are the most from near-threatened status of White Current population is estimated at high-profile of birds, commonly fea headed Amazon Amazona leuco 2500 to 5000 total population. lllegal tured in advertisements that seek to cephala, and the addition of El Oro trade continues to decimate their assert the tropical authenticity of a Parakeet Pyrrhura orcesi, Fuertes' population. Further captive breeding product, and often humourised in Hapalopsittaca fuertesi and Fire is necessary to maintain adequate cartoon form to assure the conviv eyed Parrots H. pyrrhops, Blue amounts ofbirds. iality of and complicity in the experi cheeked Amazona dufresniana and Military Macaws: Appendix I. ence the product offers. Alder Amazons A. -
Macaw Society America
tary Macaws. This ecological differ that a number of the yellow feathers ence enabled them to evolve larger are richly tipped with green. Indeed, size, paler color, and now a different some of the coverts may be entirely pattern ofbehavior. This went to such green. Further, though this has yet to an extreme that they became a differ be corroborated by the measurements ent species: Button's Macaw (A. taken of museum skins, so many of ambigua). Elsewhere, the Military the aviary birds obtained from Macaw also became somewhat less South America (some are known to The montane and has now diffused over have been imported from Guyana) much of Mexico. These now differ seem so much larger generally (as subspecifically from those to the well as being brighter) than those south. known to come from northern Macaw Likewise, the Scarlet Macaw of Central America. Mexico and Central America may also The Scarlet Macaws from Panama, have gained entry only towards the and to an increasingly lesser degree end of the last Ice Age (some 12,000 Costa Rica, have examples of both Society years back). Originally, so few indi colorations in the population. It is, vidual birds percolated through the therefore, assumed that this area constraints of the Isthmus that they forms a "hybrid zone" between the were limited in their genetic diversity. brighter southern and the duller Once through this geographical northern races. of barrier, the inevitable inbreeding and It would take a study which subsequent evolution from the encompasses more skins than the founder-immigrants ensured that they British Museum, the Smithsonian, America developed a different appearance and the American Museum of Natural from those Scarlet Macaws found on History have supplied, to prove that by Robert Francis the mainland ofSouth America. -
Aspects of the Ecology of Antipodes Island Parakeet ( Cyanoramphus Unicolor) and Reischek's Parakeet ( C
Aspects of the ecology of Antipodes Island Parakeet ( Cyanoramphus unicolor) and Reischek's Parakeet ( C. novaezelandiae hochstetten) on Antipodes Island, October - November 1995 TERRY C. GREENE Science and Research Unit, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68-908, Newton, Auckland, New Zealad ABSTRACT Aspects of the ecology of the Antipodes Island Parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor) and Reischek's Parakeet (C. novaezelandiae hochstettq were examined at the Antipodes Islands during October and November 1995. Significant differences in diet were detected between the species. Leaves of large tussocks formed the majority of the diet forhtipodes Island Parakeets, whereas tussock flowers comprised much of the diet of Reischek's Parakeet. Significant differences in the diet of these species between this and previous studies were thought to reflect temporal variations in food availability rather than any fundamental shift in dietary preferences. Observations were made of both parakeet species scavenging on bird corpses. Antipodes Island Parakeets were also recorded killing and eating Grey-backed Storm Petrels (Oceanites nereis). One Antipodes Island Parakeet nest was located; clutch size, physical characteristics of the nest and of behaviour during incubation are described. KEYWORDS: Antipodes Island Parakeet, Cyanorampbus unicolor, Reischek's Parakeet, Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae hochstetteri, Antipodes Islands, diet, predation INTRODUCTION Two parakeet species of the genus Cyanorampbus (subfamily: Psittacinae) occur sympatrically on the subantarctic Antipodes Islands. The parakeets form a distinct and significant part of an avifauna otherwise dominated by seabirds. The Antipodes Island Parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor) is the largest species of its genus and is endemic to the island group. Reischek's Parakeet (C. novaezelandiae hochstetteri) is also endemic to the Antipodes Islands, and is one of four other subspecies of the nominate Red-crowned Parakeet (C.