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*** ANSWER KEY *** Student Name: Grade: 09
Test Name: November Chemistry for All: Unit 10 - Acid/Base Version: 1
1. Which of the following inorganic acid formulas represents hydrochloric acid?
(a) H2Cl (b) HCl2 (c) HClO3 (d) HCl
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-A MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7A Recognize formulas for common inorganic acids, carboxylic acids, and bases formed from families I and II.
2. What is the formula for magnesium hydroxide?
(a) Mg(OH2) (b) Mg(OH)2 (c) Mg2OH (d) MgOH2
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-A MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7A Recognize formulas for common inorganic acids, carboxylic acids, and bases formed from families I and II.
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Instructions for questions 3 through 10.
Write the balanced equation for these neutralization reactions:
3. HCl + NaOH
Explanation: HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-B MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7B Predict products of an acid-base neutralization.
4. HNO3 + KOH
Explanation:
HNO3 + KOH KNO3 + HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-B MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7B Predict products of an acid-base neutralization.
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5. Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4
Explanation:
Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + 2 HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-B MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7B Predict products of an acid-base neutralization.
6. 3Mg(OH)2 + 2 H3PO4
Explanation:
3Mg(OH)2 + 2 H3PO4 Mg3(PO4)2 + 6 HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-B MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7B Predict products of an acid-base neutralization.
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7. H2CO3 + Ca(OH)2
Explanation:
H2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + 2 HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-B MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7B Predict products of an acid-base neutralization.
8. 2 NH4OH + H2S
Explanation:
2 NH4OH + H2S (NH4)2S + 2 HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-B MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7B Predict products of an acid-base neutralization.
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9. H2C2O4 + Ca(OH)2
Explanation:
H2C2O4 + Ca(OH)2 CaC2O4 + 2 HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-B MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7B Predict products of an acid-base neutralization.
10. Al(OH)3 + 3 HClO4
Explanation:
Al(OH)3 + 3 HClO4 Al(ClO4)3 + 3 HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-B MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7B Predict products of an acid-base neutralization.
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11. Listed below are some of the properties of acids and bases. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word, acids or bases:
______produce hydrogen ions (H+) in solution ______have a sour taste ______have a bitter taste ______have a slippery, soapy feel ______produce hydroxide ions (OH-) ions ______react with acids to form salts ______react with bases to form salts ______react with many metals
Explanation: ___A____ produce hydrogen ions (H+) in solution ___A____ have a sour taste ___B____ have a bitter taste ___B____ have a slippery, soapy feel
___B____ produce hydroxide ions (OH-) ions ___B____ react with acids to form salts ___A____ react with bases to form salts ___A____ react with many metals
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-C MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7C Describe tests that can be used to distinguish an acid from a base.
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12. What is the pH scale?
Explanation: A scale to measure the acidity of a substance. It runs from 0-14 with <7=
acids, >7= bases, and 7=neutral.
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-D MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7D Classify various solutions as acidic or basic, given their pH.
13. What exactly do the initials “pH” stand for?
Explanation: Log of the hydronium ion concentration
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-D MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7D Classify various solutions as acidic or basic, given their pH.
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14. Why is pure water considered neutral on the pH scale?
Explanation: Pure water contains an equal concentration of hydrogen ions (1x10-7
ions/mol) and hydroxide ions (1x10-7 ions/mol).
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-D MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7D Classify various solutions as acidic or basic, given their pH.
15. Classify each of the following as acidic, neutral, or basic. The pH of each item is also listed. Use the ans. bank below!
a) tomatoes: 4.2 ______e) soil: 5.5 ______b) eggs: 7.8 ______f) milk: 6.4 ______c) ammonia: 11.0 ______g) bleach: 12.0 ______d) tap water: 7.2 ______h) lye (NaOH): 14 ______
Explanation:
a) tomatoes: 4.2 ______A______e) soil: 5.5 ______A____ b) eggs: 7.8 ______B____ f) milk: 6.4 ______A_____ c) ammonia: 11.0 ______B______g) bleach: 12.0 _____B_____ d) tap water: 7.2 _____N______h) lye (NaOH): 14 ____B_____
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7-D MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7 Acids and Bases C5.7D Classify various solutions as acidic or basic, given their pH.
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16. Given the following values for [H3O+] and [OH-] calculate the pH or pOH. Indicate if the solutions are acidic or basic. - 4 [H3O+] = 1.3 * 10 mol/l [OH-] = 3.5 * 10 - 4 mol/l -8 [H3O+] = 2.6 * 10 mol/l [OH-] = 7.4 * 10 -8 mol/l -2 [H3O+] = 5.5 * 10 mol/l
Explanation: - 4 [H3O+] = 1.3 * 10 mol/l 3.9 acid [OH-] = 3.5 * 10 - 4 mol/l 10.5 basic -8 [H3O+] = 2.6 * 10 mol/l 7.6 slightly basic [OH-] = 7.4 * 10 -8 mol/l 6.9 neutral (slightly acidic) -2 [H3O+] = 5.5 * 10 mol/l 1.3 acidic
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-g MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7g Calculate the pH from the hydronium ion or hydroxide ion concentration.
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Instructions for questions 17 through 21.
All reactions between strong acids and bases follow the same general form.
Acid + Base ------> a Salt + Water
Write balanced equations for the neutralization reaction between the following. Identify the acid, base and salt
17. Sulfuric Acid and sodium hydroxide
Explanation: A B S
H2SO4 + 2 NaOH Na2SO4 + 2 HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
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18. Nitric Acid and calcium hydroxide
Explanation: A B S
2 HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(NO3)2 + 2 HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
19. Hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide
Explanation: A B S
HCl + KOH KCl + HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
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20. Perchloric acid and barium hydroxide
Explanation: A B S
2 HClO4 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(ClO4)2 + 2 HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
21. Hydrochloric acid and magnesium hydroxide
Explanation: A B S
2 HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + 2 HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
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Instructions for questions 22 through 23.
Calculate the concentration of acetic acid (CH3COOH), if an average of 67.0 ml of 0.468 mol/l magnesium hydroxide ( Mg(OH)2 ) is required to titrate 50.0 ml of the acid in order to reach the endpoint. The neutralization reaction is:
2 CH3COOH (aq) + Mg(OH)2 (aq) <----> Mg(CH3COO)2 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)
22. Balance the neutralization equation above. Determine the balance of base and acid.
Explanation: Balanced above.
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
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23. Using the neutralization equation calculate the concentration of sulfuric acid.
Explanation: 1.25 M acetic acid
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
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Instructions for questions 24 through 25.
Calculate the concentration of KOH (aq) if 65.0 ml of the base are used to titrate a 15.0 ml sample of 1.50 M H2SO4 to the endpoint (equivalence point).
24. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of KOH (aq) with H2SO4 (aq).
Explanation: H2SO4 + 2 KOH K2SO4 + 2HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
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25. Using the neutralization equation calculate the concentration of KOH (aq).
Explanation: 0.692 M KOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
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Instructions for questions 26 through 27.
An average volume of 24.5 ml of 0.560 mol/l Ca(OH)2 was required to titrate 10.0 ml samples of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to their endpoints. What is the concentration of sulfuric acid?
26. Write a balanced neutralization equation for the reaction of Ca(OH)2 (aq) with H2SO4(aq).
Explanation: H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + 2 HOH
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
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27. Using the neutralization equation calculate the concentration of sulfuric acid.
Explanation: 1.37 M H2SO4
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
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Instructions for questions 28 through 29.
What volume of 0.060 mol/l NaOH is needed to titrate 25.0 ml samples of 0.075 mol/l H3PO4 (aq) to the second endpoint. The neutralization reaction is as follows.
___H3PO4 (aq) + ____NaOH (aq) <----->____ Na2HPO4 (aq) + ____H2O (l)
28. Balance the equation above and determine the balance of the base and acid.
Explanation:
1:2:1:2
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
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29. Using the titration formula calculate the volume of base needed.
Explanation: 62.5 ml of NaOH to get to the 2nd endpoint.
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-f MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER
Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7f Write balanced chemical equations for reactions between acids and bases and perform calculations with balanced equations.
30. Explain the pH difference between acid rain and pure water:
Explanation: Acid rain has a pH lower then 5.6. Pure water has a pH of 7, normal rainfall has a pH of a bit less than 7, but acid rain can have a pH of about 5.0-5.5, and even in the 4 range in the northeastern United States.
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-h MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7h Explain why sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain.
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31. Describe the major cause of acid rain:
Explanation: Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain. People burn fossil fuels such as coal and oil to make electricity.
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-h MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7h Explain why sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain.
32. Why is acid rain of particular interest?
Explanation: It is one of particular interest, however, because it can be transported over
long distances.
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-h MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7h Explain why sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain.
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33. What are the main chemicals in air pollution that create acid rain?
Explanation: The main chemicals in air pollution that create acid rain are sulfur
dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx).
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-h MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7h Explain why sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain.
34. How long does the chemical reactions take that change air pollution to acid rain?
Explanation: The chemical reactions that change air pollution to acid rain can take
from several hours to several days.
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-h MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7h Explain why sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain.
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35. What did the U.S. government do at first to reduce the pollution from smokestacks?
Explanation: To reduce this pollution, the government passed a law permitting the construction of very tall smokestacks. At that time, people thought that if the pollution were sent high into the air it would no longer be a problem.
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-h MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7h Explain why sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain.
36. How successful was this government action?
Explanation: Scientists now know that this is incorrect. Sending pollution high into the sky increases the time that the pollution stays in the air. The longer the pollution is in the air, the greater are the chances that the pollutants will
form acid rain. In addition, the wind can carry these pollutants for hundreds of miles before they become joined with water droplets to form acid rain.
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-h MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7h Explain why sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain.
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37. Which region of the Continental United States is the most affected by acid rain?
Explanation: The region of the Continental United States most affected by acid rain is
the Northeast, where pH levels of between 4.0 and 4.5 are commonplace.
Standard:
MI_CHEM_HS-0912-C5-7x-h MI HSCEs Science - Chemistry 09-12 STANDARD C5: CHANGES IN MATTER Topic C5.7x Brønsted-Lowery C5.7h Explain why sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain.
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