Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower Crops in Florida1

Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

ENY-655

James F. Price, Curtis Nagle and Elzie McCord, Jr.2

Effective management of arthropod pests of only on specifically named flower crops. This commercial floral crops requires that pests be document addresses the following major pest detected in a timely manner through systematic groups: scouting and that appropriate control measures be applied as conditions warrant. Control measures may ¥ Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) include economic combinations of cultural controls ¥ Armyworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (see also (such as disposal of crop residue, reducing Caterpillars) unnecessary water in the production environment, selection of less affected varieties and species etc.), ¥ Other caterpillars (Lepidoptera) (see also: physical controls (such as screen barriers, hot water Armyworms, Heliothis & Helicoverpa, treatments of certain planting stock, hand removal of Leafrollers & Leaftiers, Loopers) pests etc.), biological controls (such as release of beneficial parasites, predators and pathogens to attack ¥ Chrysomelid beetles (Cucumber, Flea, and Leaf the pests) and chemical controls. Beetles) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

This summary presents the chemical control ¥ Fleahoppers (Hemiptera: Miridae) measures that are available to commercial flower producers in Florida and includes microbial ¥ Fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) insecticides that may be considered also as ¥ Heliothis (Tobacco Budworm, etc.) & components of biological control. Pesticide labels Helicoverpa (Corn Earworm, etc.) (see also sometimes provide for the product's use on any Caterpillars) "ornamental" or "flower" crop and sometimes for use

1. This document is ENY-655, one of a series of the Entomology & Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: December 2001. Revised: November 2005. For more publications related to horticulture/agriculture, please visit the EDIS Website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. James F. Price, associate professor, Curtis Nagle, biologist, Entomology and Nematology Department, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Cooperative Extension Service, Insititute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Wimauma, FL; and Elzie McCord, Jr., assistant professor of biology, Division of Natural Sciences, New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL.

The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A. & M. University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Larry Arrington, Dean Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 2

¥ Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) followed. The pesticides listed often are registered for use on additional pests not mentioned in this ¥ Leafminers, dipterous (Diptera: Agromyzidae) summary.

¥ Leafrollers & Leaftiers (Lepidoptera: Precautionary statements, re-entry intervals Tortricidae) (see also Caterpillars) (REI), restricted use status, and registrants are provided in a separate publication, Insecticides, ¥ Loopers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (see also Miticides & Molluscicides Available to Florida's Caterpillars) Floricultural Industry (ENY-679) ¥ Mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN472), to aid in the selection and safe use of the pesticides. When available, label ¥ Mites, Broad & Cyclamen (Acari: hyperlinks are provided in the electronic forms of that Tarsonemidae) document.

¥ Mites, Eriophyid (Acari: Eriophyidae) The product label communicates the lawful use of the product and must be read, understood and ¥ Mites, Privet (Acari: Tenuipalpidae (False followed. The label contains important limitations Spider mites)) that may not be presented in these tables. When using ¥ Mites, Spider (Acari: Tetranychidae) a pesticide for the first time, it is important to apply the product first to a small portion of the crop and ¥ Plant (Lygus) Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) wait to observe possible detrimental effects, such as leaf distortion and plant stunting. ¥ Shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae) Many pesticides decompose in the spray tank ¥ Slugs & Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: when mixed with water above pH 7. Growers should Pulmonata: Limacidae) test the pH of their water and when above 7, should add a buffering solution to maintain pH between 6.5 ¥ Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and 7. ¥ Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) This summary is only a guide to aid in selection There is a table of information for each pest of pesticides. Care has been given to provide accurate group presented and each table is divided into two and up-to-date information, but it is possible that, parts where applicable. Within each part of a table, through label changes, etc., improper uses may be appropriate commercial products available are indicated. In all cases it is the responsibility of the grouped alphabetically by active ingredient. Usually, applicator to read, understand, and comply with the only one example of any particular formulation is label that accompanies each pesticide container. given. Other examples or other formulations may As an additional precaution, keep the telephone exist that are as effective as those mentioned. The number and address of the nearest county poison first part lists pesticides whose label provides for the products use on any “ornamental” or “flower” control center in a convenient location in case of an accidental poisoning. Also, keep clean copies of crop. The second part lists products whose label labels of all pesticides on your premises. In the event provides for the products use only on specifically of a poisoning, the label of the pesticide involved named flower crops. The reader must consult the should accompany the victim to the poison control label to determine which flower crops may be treated. center or hospital. Producers are permitted by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) to apply a pesticide to control a pest not listed on the label, so long as the product's use is permitted on the target crop and all other provisions of the label are Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 3

Table 1. Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Products labeled for use on any flower crop: Abamectin Avid 0.15EC Suppression; do not use for suppression of aphids on roses, chrysanthemum, and gerbera. Phytotoxicity has been observed on Shasta Daisy.

Acetamiprid TriStar 70 WSP Do not make more than five applications per year. Do not reapply more than once every 7 Archival days. Do not apply more than 22 water soluble packs per acre (0.55 lb. a.i./acre) per year.

Azadirachtin Azatin XL copy: Ornazin 3% EC Azatrol EC Do not exceed 20 grams a.i., 57 oz., of Azatrol per acre. for current Azinphos-Methyl Guthion Solupak Nursery stock

Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 Naturalis L Do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after application before recommendations applying fungicides. Beauveria bassiana strain GHA Botanigard 22WP Nursery & shade house Botanigard ES Nursery Mycotrol O Edible flowers only. see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Bifenthrin BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications. Talstar N Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for outdoor Talstar Nursery Flowable applications. or

Capsaicin & other capsaicinoids Hot Pepper Wax Repels; avoid use on variegated African violets and Dicentra eximia. your

Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos Pro 2 Nursery stock in nurseries. local Chlorpyrifos Pro 4 Nursery; some varieties of azaleas, camellias, poinsettias, rose bushes, or variegated ivy extension show varying degrees of phytotoxicity. Duragard ME Nursery; bedding plants, potted and cut flowers. Direct spray to some open blooms may

cause petal drop. Do not spray on kalanchoes. office. Dursban 50W Nursery Clarified Hydrophobic Extract of Triact 70 Test before applying to carnation and the flowers of: Impatiens, fuchsia, hibiscus, and some Neem Oil roses. Most effective when applied early to mid-morning or late afternoon. Cyfluthrin Decathlon 20WP Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 4

Table 1. Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Diazinon AG 500 (EPA Reg.# the plants may occur. for 51036-71) current Dinotefuran Safari 20 SG Nursery; suppression; broadcast (foliar) applications can not exceed a total of 2.7 lbs. of recommendations product (0.54 lb. a.i.) per acre per year. Endosulfan Endosulfan 3 EC Do not exceed 3.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per year. On chrysanthemums, best results will be Endosulfan 50 WP obtained if applied before plants flower. Thionex (Endosulfan) 3 EC

Thionex (Endosulfan) 50 WP see

Fenpropathrin Tame 2.4EC Nursery & shade house; do not use less than a 7 day re-treatment interval. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Imidacloprid Marathon 1% Granular Nursery; for outdoor ornamentals grown in beds, applications can not exceed a total of 40 lbs. per acre per year. On plants with a production cycle of less than 1 year, application is not to exceed a frequency of more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than 1 year, application may not

exceed once a year. or your Marathon 60 WP Nursery; this product is to be applied as a soil treatment only. For outdoor ornamentals local grown in beds applications can not exceed a total of 10.7 oz. (0.4 lbs. Active ingredient) per

acre per year. On plants with a production cycle of less than 1 year, application is not to extension exceed a frequency of more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than 1 year, application may not exceed office. once a year. Marathon II For outdoor ornamentals do not apply more than 1.6 pt. (0.4 lbs. a.i.) per acre per year. Do not apply thru any type of irrigation system. Lambda-cyhalothrin Scimitar GC Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.36 lbs. a.i. (52.4 fl. oz. of concentrate) per acre per year. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 5

Table 1. Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Malathion Atrapa 5E Gowan Malathion 8F Malathion 5 EC Malathion 57% Premium Grade Archival Oxydemeton-Methyl Metasystox-R Field grown nursery stock; do not make more than 2 applications per season.

Permethrin Perm-Up 3.2 EC Nursery stock; Marginal leaf burn may occur on salvia, dieffenbachia and pteris fern. copy:

Application to blooming plants may cause browning of petals. for

Permethrin Pro Nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year. current

Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids AllPro Insecticidal Soap 40% To achieve enhanced and residual control, use a 1-2% v/v solution of product in recommendations combination with recommended products. Tank mixes with products containing chlorothalonil should be avoided as they can cause severe phytotoxicity. If wilting occurs a few hours after application rinse with a clean water spray. Since applications may cause injury to flowers of some plant cultivars, test product on a few flowering plants. see Insecticidal Soap 49.52 CF Caution: Do not use on new transplants, newly rooted cuttings, plants stressed by drought, or when tender new foliage is present. Avoid application when leaf temperature exceeds http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu 85¡F. Note: Do not use on crown of thorns and test on other euphorbias for phytotoxicity. Do not use on bleeding heart, lantana, lilies or sweetpeas. Some varieties of azaleas, begonias, camellias, fuschias, gardenias, orchids, and impatiens have shown sensitivity. Do not apply to poinsettias after bract coloration begins. Test on chrysanthemums for varietal sensitivity and do not apply to open blooms. Do not apply to ornamentals stressed by or

drought. Test on eugenia and euonymus for varietal and drought sensitivity. your local M-Pede For control of aphids must combine with other pesticides. Tank mixes with chlorothalonil should be avoided. Potential for injury increases on plants stressed by heat, humidity, extension drought, or insect, mite or disease pressure. Do not apply to very sensitive plants such as: Cherimoya, bleeding heart, or sweetpeas. The following may be sensitive: Crown of thorns office. and other euphorbia, fuchsia, gardenia, impatiens, Asiatic and oriental lily varieties, lantana, ornamental ivy, poinsettia, redbud, schefflera, zebra plant and some succulents. Flowers of the following may be injured when sprayed: African violet, ageratum, azalea, begonia, camellia, chrysanthemum, dahlia, geranium, gloxinia, impatiens, lily, marigold, orchid, pansy, petunia, poinsettia bracts, rose, salvia, snapdragon, vinca, and zinnia. Pymetrozine Endeavor For outdoor use, do not apply more than 48 oz. per acre per year. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 6

Table 1. Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyrenone Crop Spray Pyreth-It

Pyrethrins, Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II Archival Piperonyl Butoxide & Silicon

Dioxide copy: Pyrethrins, Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Apply in intervals of 7 days or less. Cube Resins for current Pyriproxyfen Distance IGR Suppression; for foliar spray application, apply Distance no more than two times per

cropping cycle or no more than two times per 6 months. For sprench application, if a second recommendations application is needed, allow a minimum of 21 days between applications. For drench application: Do not drench plants more than one time per crop cycle. Phytotoxicity has been observed on salvia (Salvia spp.), ghost plant (Graptopetalum paraguayense), schefflera (Schefflera spp.), gardenia (Gardenia spp.), and coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea). It is

therefore recommended that Distance not be used on these plants. Do not apply to see

poinsettia after bract formation. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Refined Petroleum Distillate Saf-T-Side Spray Oil This insecticide's mode of action is through suffocation of eggs, larvae and nymphs of insects and adults of soft bodied insects. This mode of action necessitates total spray coverage. Bedding plants; do not use in combination with or immediately before or after spraying with fungicides such as captan, oxythioquinox or any product containing sulfur. Also do not use with carbaryl (Sevin) or dimethoate. Do not use with any product whose label recommends the use of no oils. Do not use in combination with NPK foliar fertilizer or your applications. local Ultra-Fine Oil Caution: Spray no more than 4 consecutive sprays. The frequency of consecutive sprays should not exceed once every 2 weeks. Early morning applications are recommended. Do extension not tank mix with insecticide or miticide whose label indicates that it should not be used with

oil. Do not use with captan, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, methiocarb, oxythioquinox, office. propargite, or any product containing sulfur. This list is not exhaustive; therefore for products not included in this list consult label for compatibility information. Tau-Fluvalinate Mavrik Aquaflow Repeat applications not more than four times per month at 5-7 day intervals unless otherwise noted in use directions. Thiamethoxam Flagship 25WG Shade house, container & nursery grown; do not exceed 8 oz. per acre per crop or year, which ever is shorter. Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted): Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 7

Table 1. Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Acephate Acephate Pro 75 Acephate 97UP Address T/O Orthene Turf Tree & Ornamental Archival Spray Orthene Turf Tree & Ornamental Spray 97 copy:

Pinpoint 15 Granular Container grown nursery stock for current Precise Acephate Container grown nursery stock; irrigate immediately after application, but avoid excessive

irrigation, to position product in the root zone. Do not apply to freshly rooted cuttings. Potted recommendations plants: For use on 3 inch to 12 inch diameter pots (see supplemental information sheet for proper rates). Azadirachtin Aza-Direct Do not exceed 57 oz. of Aza-Direct per acre per application.

Diazinon Diazinon 5WB Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to see

Diazinon Insecticide the plants may occur. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg.# Nurseries only 5905-248) Dimethoate AllPro Cygon 2E Nurseries; do not use on ornamental plants not listed or on any ornamental stock plants Dimethoate 267 grown as a source of propagation material such as cuttings, layers, root stocks or scions for

grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. or your Dimethoate 4 EC Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has shown to be safe. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. local

Dimethoate 400 Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has extension shown to be safe. Do not use on any ornamental stock plants grown as a source of propagation material, such as cuttings, layers, root stocks, or scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. office. Endosulfan Thionex 3EC Nurseries only; do not exceed 3.0 lbs. A.I. per acre per year. Thionex 50W Imidacloprid Provado 1.6 Flowable Edible-leaved and garland chrysanthemum; do not apply more than 18.75 fl.oz. per year as foliar sprays, and regardless of formulation or type of application. Do not apply more than 0.5 lbs. a.i. of Admire or Provado per acre per season. For resistance management foliar applications following soil application of Admire in the same crop is not recommended. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 8

Table 1. Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Naled Dibrom 8 Emulsive Spotting, bronzing or localized burning can occur under certain climatic conditions such as slow drying and high humidity or stress caused by drought or high temperature. Do not spray on ornamental cherries, liquid amber, chrysanthemums or ornamental kale as injury may occur. Archival 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of copy: applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. for current

Table 2. Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also Caterpillars (Lepidoptera). recommendations

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 see Products labeled for use on any flower crop: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Acetamiprid TriStar 70 WSP Do not make more than five applications per year. Do not reapply more than once every 7 days. Do not apply more than 22 water soluble packs per acre (0.55 lb. a.i./acre) per year. Resistance to other chloronicotinyls/neonicotinyls, such as Merit and Marathon, may result in resistance to TriStar. Therefore, to minimize resistance, rotate with other classes of insecticides. or

Azadirachtin Azatin XL your Ornazin 3% EC local Azatrol EC Do not exceed 20 grams a.i., 57 oz., of Azatrol per acre.

Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai Xentari DF extension Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Deliver

Dipel DF office. Javelin WG Troy-BT 2WP May be used to control armyworms (1st and 2nd instars) when populations are light and full coverage sprays are applied. If mature worms or heavy populations are present a contact insecticide should be used to enhance control. Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Biobit HP May be used to control armyworms (1st and 2nd instars) when populations are light and full strain ABTS-351 coverage sprays are applied. If mature worms or heavy populations are present a contact insecticide should be used to enhance control. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 9

Table 2. Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also Caterpillars (Lepidoptera).

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Condor Bioinsecticide Precautions: Do not use in combination with any chlorothalonil based fungicide (Bravo, strain EG2348 Terranil etc.). Mixing with other oil based products or surfactants could increase the risk of phytotoxicity.

Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Lepinox WDG Archival strain EG7826 Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Crymax Bioinsecticide copy: strain EG7841

Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 Naturalis L Do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after application before for applying fungicides. current Bifenthrin BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time recommendations is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications. Talstar N Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for outdoor Talstar Nursery Flowable applications. see Capsaicin & other capsaicinoids Hot Pepper Wax Repels beet armyworms; avoid use on variegated African violets and Dicentra eximia. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos Pro 2 Nursery stock in nurseries. Chlorpyrifos Pro 4 Nursery; some varieties of azaleas, camellias, poinsettias, rose bushes, or variegated ivy show varying degrees of phytotoxicity. Dursban 50W Nursery Cyfluthrin Decathlon 20WP or

Cyfluthrin & Imidacloprid Discus Nursery; application can not exceed a total of 244 oz. per acre per year for outdoor your

ornamentals grown in beds. On plants with a production cycle of less than one year, local application frequency can not exceed more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than one year, extension application may not exceed once a year.

Deltamethrin Deltaguard GC 5SC Nursery office. Diazinon Diazinon 50W Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to Diazinon AG 500 (EPA Reg.# the plants may occur. 51036-71) Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 10

Table 2. Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also Caterpillars (Lepidoptera).

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Diflubenzuron Adept Shade house; do not make more than four applications per crop. Do not apply to poinsettias, hibiscus, and Rieger begonia. Do not reuse potting media, which has been treated with Adept. Do not apply to plants grown on capillary water mats.

Dimilin 25W Beet armyworm; shade house Archival Dimilin SC Shade house copy: Fenpropathrin Tame 2.4EC Beet armyworm; nursery & shade house; do not use less than a 7 day re-treatment

interval. for current Heterorhabditis indica GrubStake 100 Store at 65¡ F; use within 5 days of receipt. Native to Florida. Do not inject into drip irrigation systems. Do not apply within 21 days of a nematicide application. recommendations Lambda-cyhalothrin Scimitar GC Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.36 lbs. a.i. (52.4 fl. oz. of concentrate) per acre per year. Novaluron Pedestal Container grown plants; nursery & shade house; do not apply more than once every 30 days. Do not make more than two applications per crop year. Do not apply more than 52 fl. see oz. per acre per year per crop. Do not apply to poinsettias. Resistance management: Do not apply in successive applications, use only one application before rotation with other http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu classes of insecticides with different modes of action. Use at least two alternative products between applications of Pedestal. Do not use more than once within each generation cycle. Permethrin Ambush 25W Beet armyworm; field grown nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per season. Marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Application to blooming

plants may cause browning of petals. or your Ambush Beet armyworm; field grown nursery stock local Pounce 25 WP

Pounce 3.2 EC extension Pounce WSB office. Perm-Up 3.2 EC Beet armyworm; nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on salvia, dieffenbachia and pteris fern. Application to blooming plants may cause browning of petals. Permethrin Pro Nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year. Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyrenone Crop Spray Pyreth-It Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 11

Table 2. Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also Caterpillars (Lepidoptera).

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Pyrethrins, Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II Piperonyl Butoxide & Silicon Dioxide Pyrethrins & Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Apply in intervals of 7 days or less. Archival Cube Resins

Spinosad Conserve SC When used in areas of commercial production of herbaceous (non-woody) ornamentals in copy: nurseries (including plant propagation beds): Do not apply more than 10 times in a

12-month period per crop regardless of the pest being treated. Because generations of a for specific pest may overlap, rotate control products and never apply more than three current consecutive applications of Conserve SC or products containing the same a.i. or products with the same mode of action. Except for structures that can be altered to be closed or recommendations open, do not reapply within less than 7 days. Steinernema carpocapsae Millenium Tau-Fluvalinate Mavrik Aquaflow Repeat applications not more than four times per month at 5-7 day intervals unless

otherwise noted in use directions. see

Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted): http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu

Diflubenzuron Dimilin 25W Insect Growth Regulator Early instar armyworms; not for trees or shrubs grown in shade houses. or EPA Reg. # 400-465 your Naled Dibrom 8 Emulsive Spotting, bronzing or localized burning can occur under certain climatic conditions such as local

slow drying and high humidity or stress caused by drought or high temperature. Do not extension spray on ornamental cherries, liquid amber, chrysanthemums or ornamental kale as injury may occur. office. POBs of the nuclear polyhedrosis Spod-X LC Beet armyworm; use non-chlorinated water at a pH near 7.0 in the spray tank mix. virus of Spodoptera exigua

Table 3. Control measures for other caterpillars (Lepidoptera) available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also tables for these other named caterpillars: Armyworms, Helicoverpa (corn earworm, etc.) and Heliothis (tobacco budworm, etc.) Leafrollers, Leaftiers, and Loopers.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Products labeled for use on any flower crop: Acetamiprid TriStar 70 WSP Do not make more than five applications per year. Do not reapply more than once every 7

days. Do not apply more than 22 water soluble packs per acre (0.55 lb. a.i./acre) per year. Archival Resistance to other chloronicotinyls/neonicotinyls, such as Merit and Marathon, may result

in resistance to TriStar. Therefore, to minimize resistance, rotate with other classes of copy: insecticides. Azadirachtin Azatin XL for current Ornazin 3% EC Azatrol EC Lepidoptera moths; do not exceed 20 grams a.i., 57 oz., of Azatrol per acre. recommendations Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai Xentari DF Azalea caterpillar, bagworm, diamondback moth, ello moth (hornworm), Fall webworm, io moth, Jack pine budworm, oleander moth, saddleback caterpillar, tent caterpillars Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Deliver Bagworm, cutworm, diamondback moth, Fall webworm, gypsy moth, Jack pine budworm, mimosa webworm, orangedog, redhumped caterpillar, saltmarsh caterpillar, sod webworm, tent caterpillar, tobacco hornworm, tomato pinworm see Dipel DF Azalea caterpillar, bagworm, diamondback moth, ello moth (hornworm), Fall webworm, io http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu moth, oleander moth, saltmarsh caterpillar, tent caterpillars Javelin WG Bagworm, bollworm, cutworm, diamondback moth, Fall webworm, filbert webworm, hornworms, orangedog, saltmarsh caterpillar, tent caterpillar, tobacco hornworm, tomato pinworm

Troy-BT 2WP Azalea caterpillar, diamondback moth, ello moth (hornworm), io moth, oleander moth or your Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Biobit HP Azalea caterpillar, diamondback moth, ello moth (hornworm), io moth, oleander moth, sod local strain ABTS-351 webworm Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Condor Bioinsecticide Azalea moth, bagworm, diamondback moth, ello moth (hornworm), Fall webworm, io moth, extension strain EG2348 oleander moth, saddleback caterpillar, tent caterpillar, tortrix; precautions: Do not use in

combination with any chlorothalonil based fungicide (Bravo, Terranil etc.). Mixing with other office. oil based products or surfactants could increase the risk of phytotoxicity. Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Lepinox WDG Azalea moth, diamondback moth; ello moth (hormworm), Florida fern caterpillar, io moth, strain EG7826 oleander moth, bagworm, browntail moth, Fall webworm, gypsy moth, Jack pine budworm, mimosa webworm, redhumped caterpillar, saddleback caterpillar, saddle prominent caterpillar, tent caterpillar Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Crymax Bioinsecticide Azalea moth, bagworm, diamondback moth, ello moth (hornworm), fall webworm, Florida strain EG7841 fern caterpillar, io moth, oleander moth, saddleback caterpillar , tent caterpillar, tortrix Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 13

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 Naturalis L Do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after application before applying fungicides.

Bifenthrin BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time Archival is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications. copy: Talstar N Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for outdoor for Talstar Nursery Flowable applications. current Carbaryl AllPro 10% Carbaryl Dust Bagworm, tent caterpillars, sod webworm recommendations AllPro Carbaryl 4L Bagworms, cutworms, Jackpine budworms, oleander caterpillar, poinsettia hornworm, puss caterpillar, saddled prominent, sod webworm (lawn moths), tent caterpillars, webworms, trotrix AllPro Carbaryl 50 WP Bagworm, puss caterpillar, tent caterpillars, orange trotrix; to avoid possible injury to tender

foliage, do not apply to wet foliage or when rain or high humidity is expected during the next see two days. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Carbaryl 4L Bagworms, catalpa sphinx, cutworms, oleander caterpillar, poinsettia hornworm, puss Carbaryl 80S caterpillar, tent caterpillars, webworms

Cutworm & Cricket Bait Cutworm Sevin 80 WSP Bagworms, catalpa sphinx, cutworms, oleander caterpillar, poinsettia hornworm, puss

Sevin SL caterpillar, tent caterpillars, webworms; application to wet foliage or during periods of high or humidity may cause injury to tender foliage. your

Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos Pro 2 Bagworms, catalpa sphinx, cutworms, Fall webworms, hornworms, oleander caterpillars, local

puss caterpillars, tent caterpillars; nursery stock in nurseries extension Chlorpyrifos Pro 4 Bagworms, catalpa sphinx, cutworms, Fall webworms, hornworms, oleander caterpillars, puss caterpillars, tent caterpillars; nursery ; some varieties of azaleas, camellias, poinsettias, rose bushes, or variegated ivy show varying degrees of phytotoxicity. office. Duragard ME Cabbage worms, hornworms; nursery; bedding plants, potted and cut flowers. Direct spray to some open blooms may cause petal drop. Do not spray on kalanchoes. Dursban 50W Bagworms, catalpa sphinx, cutworms, Fall webworms, hornworms, oleander caterpillars, puss caterpillars, tent caterpillars; nursery Cyfluthrin Decathlon 20WP Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 14

Diazinon Diazinon 50W Bagworms, cutworms, Fall webworms, tent caterpillars; precaution: Do not use on ferns, for Diazinon AG 500 poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to the plants may occur. current Heterorhabditis indica GrubStake 100 Webworm, tree borers including banana moth; store at 65¡ F; use within 5 days of receipt. recommendations Native to Florida. Do not inject into drip irrigation systems. Do not apply within 21 days of a nematicide application. Lambda-cyhalothrin Scimitar GC Leaf-Feeding caterpillars & cutworms; nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.36 lbs. a.i. (52.4 fl. oz. of concentrate) per acre per year. see Malathion Atrapa 5E Bagworm, tent caterpillar Gowan Malathion 8 F http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Malathion 5 Malathion 57% Premium Grade Malathion 5 EC Permethrin Ambush 25W Cutworms; field grown nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per

season. Marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Application to blooming or plants may cause browning of petals. your

Ambush Cutworm; field grown nursery stock local Clean Crop Permethrin 3.2 EC Bagworm; field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, extension dieffenbachia. Application to blooming plants may cause browning of petals. Avoid spraying

chrysanthemum blooms. office. Perm-Up 3.2 EC Field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Permethrin Pro Nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year. Pounce 25 WP Bagworm; field grown nursery stock Pounce 3.2 EC Pounce WSB Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 15

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids AllPro Insecticidal Soap 40% Cutworms, sod webworm, tent caterpillar; to achieve enhanced and residual control, use a 1-2% v/v solution of product in combination with recommended products. Tank mixes with products containing chlorothalonil should be avoided as they can cause severe Archival phytotoxicity. If wilting occurs a few hours after application rinse with a clean water spray. Since applications may cause injury to flowers of some plant cultivars, test product on a few flowering plants. copy:

Insecticidal Soap 49.52 CF Tent caterpillar; caution: Do not use on new transplants, newly rooted cuttings, plants for

stressed by drought, or when tender new foliage is present. Avoid application when leaf current temperature exceeds 85¡F. Note: Do not use on crown of thorns and test on other

euphorbias for phytotoxicity. Do not use on bleeding heart, lantana, lilies or sweetpeas. recommendations Some varieties of azaleas, begonias, camellias, fuschias, gardenias, orchids, and impatiens have shown sensitivity. Do not apply to poinsettias after bract coloration begins. Test on chrysanthemums for varietal sensitivity and do not apply to open blooms. Do not apply to ornamentals stressed by drought. Test on eugenia and euonymus for varietal and drought sensitivity. see M-Pede Cutworms, sod webworm, tent caterpillar; tank mixes with chlorothalonil should be avoided. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Potential for injury increases on plants stressed by heat, humidity, drought, or insect, mite or disease pressure. Do not apply to very sensitive plants such as: Cherimoya, bleeding heart, or sweetpeas. The following may be sensitive: Crown of thorns and other euphorbia, fuchsia, gardenia, impatiens, Asiatic and oriental lily varieties, lantana, ornamental ivy, poinsettia, redbud, schefflera, zebra plant and some succulents. Flowers of the following or

may be injured when sprayed: African violet, ageratum, azalea, begonia, camellia, your chrysanthemum, dahlia, geranium, gloxinia, impatiens, lily, marigold, orchid, pansy, petunia, local poinsettia bracts, rose, salvia, snapdragon, vinca, and zinnia. Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide EverGreen EC 60-6 extension Pyrenone Crop Spray

Pyreth-It office. Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II Silicon Dioxide Pyrethrins, Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Apply in intervals of 7 days or less. Cube Resins Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 16

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Refined Petroleum Distillate Saf-T-Side Spray Oil This insecticide's mode of action is through suffocation of eggs, larvae and nymphs of insects and adults of soft bodied insects. This mode of action necessitates total spray coverage. Webworms; bedding plants; do not use in combination with or immediately Archival before or after spraying with fungicides such as captan, oxythioquinox or any product containing sulfur. Also do not use with carbaryl (Sevin) or dimethoate. Do not use with any product whose label recommends the use of no oils. Do not use in combination with NPK copy:

foliar fertilizer applications. for

Ultra-Fine Oil Webworms; caution: Spray no more than 4 consecutive sprays. The frequency of current consecutive sprays should not exceed once every 2 weeks. Early morning applications are

recommended. Do not tank mix with insecticide or miticide whose label indicates that it recommendations should not be used with oil. Do not use with captan, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, methiocarb, oxythioquinox, propargite, or any product containing sulfur. This list is not exhaustive; therefore for products not included in this list consult label for compatibility information.

Spinosad Conserve SC When used in areas of commercial production of herbaceous (non-woody) ornamentals in see

nurseries (including plant propagation beds): Do not apply more than 10 times in a http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu 12-month period per crop regardless of the pest being treated. Because generations of a specific pest may overlap, rotate control products and never apply more than three consecutive applications of Conserve SC or products containing the same a.i. or products with the same mode of action. Except for structures that can be altered to be closed or open, do not reapply within less than 7 days. or

Tau-Fluvalinate Mavrik Aquaflow Repeat applications not more than four times per month at 5-7 day intervals unless your otherwise noted in use directions. local Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted): extension Acephate Acephate Pro 75 Cutworm, gypsy moth larvae, tent caterpillar, webworms Acephate 97UP Address T/O office. Orthene Turf Tree & Ornamental Spray Orthene Turf Tree & Ornamental Spray 97

Azadirachtin Aza-Direct Do not exceed 57 oz. of Aza-Direct per acre per application. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 17

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Diazinon Diazinon 5WB Bagworms, cotoneaster webworms, cutworms, fall webworms, holly bud moths, mimosa Diazinon Insecticide webworms, sod webworms (lawn moths), tent caterpillars, juniper webworms, precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to the plants may Archival occur. Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg.# Nurseries only. Bagworms, cotoneaster webworms, cutworms, fall webworms, holly bud copy: 5905-248) moths, mimosa webworms, sod webworms (lawn moths), tent caterpillars, juniper

webworms, precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since for

injury to the plants may occur. current Diflubenzuron Dimilin 25W Insect Growth Regulator Bagworms (early instars in mid to late June), browntail moth (overwintering 2nd instars), recommendations EPA Reg. # 400-465 gypsy moths (early instar and prior to full leaf expansion, 5-20%), pandora moth (after egg hatch in fall or to early instars in spring), pine shoot moth (early instars), pine tip moths (early 2nd generation instars or when 75% of first generation pupal cases are empty), sawflies (early instars), spanworms (early instars), tent caterpillars (early instars prior to full

leaf expansion), tussock moths (early instars), webworms (early instars); not for trees or see shrubs grown in shade houses. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Naled Dibrom 8 Emulsive Fall webworms, gypsy moths, redhumped caterpillars tent caterpillars juniper webworms; spotting, bronzing or localized burning can occur under certain climatic conditions such as slow drying and high humidity or stress caused by drought or high temperature. Do not spray on ornamental cherries, liquid amber, chrysanthemums or ornamental kale as injury may occur. or 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. your 2

Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of local applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. extension office. Table 4. Chrysomelid Beetle (Cucumber, Flea, and Leaf Beetles) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Products labeled for use on any flower crop: Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 18

Table 4. Chrysomelid Beetle (Cucumber, Flea, and Leaf Beetles) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Acetamiprid TriStar 70 WSP Adults; do not make more than five applications per year. Do not reapply more than once every 7 days. Do not apply more than 22 water soluble packs per acre (0.55 lb. a.i./acre) per year. Resistance to other chloronicotinyls/neonicotinyls, such as Merit and Marathon, may result in resistance to TriStar. Therefore, to minimize resistance, rotate with other Archival classes of insecticides. Azadirachtin Azatin XL copy: Ornazin 3% EC

Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 Naturalis L Cucumber & flea beetles; do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after for

application before applying fungicides. current Bifenthrin BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time recommendations is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications. Talstar N Flea beetles; nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year Talstar Nursery Flowable for outdoor applications. see Carbaryl AllPro Carbaryl 4L Flea beetle Carbaryl 4L http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Carbaryl 80S AllPro Carbaryl 50 WP Flea beetle; application to wet foliage or during periods of high humidity may cause injury to Sevin 80 WSP tender foliage. Sevin SL Sevin Brand SL Flea beetle; do not make more than six foliar and two direct applications per year. To avoid or

possible injury to tender foliage, do not apply to wet foliage or when rain or high humidity is your

expected during the next two days. local Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos Pro 2 Nursery stock in nurseries Chlorpyrifos Pro 4 Nursery; some varieties of azaleas, camellias, poinsettias, rose bushes, or variegated ivy extension show varying degrees of phytotoxicity.

Duragard ME Nursery; bedding plants, potted and cut flowers. Direct spray to some open blooms may office. cause petal drop. Do not spray on kalanchoes. Dursban 50W Nursery Cryolite Kryocide Flea beetles Prokil Cryolite 96 Fuller rose beetle; should not be used in combination with lime or compounds containing free lime. Applications in spray solutions above pH 7.5, below pH 4, or in combination with calcium foliar nutrients should not be made due to possible crop injury on some crops. Cyfluthrin Decathlon 20WP Flea beetles Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 19

Table 4. Chrysomelid Beetle (Cucumber, Flea, and Leaf Beetles) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Diazinon AG 500 since injury to the plants may occur. for current Imidacloprid Marathon II Leaf beetles; for outdoor ornamentals do not apply more than 1.6 pt. (0.4 lbs. a.i.) per acre per year. Do not apply thru any type of irrigation system. recommendations Lambda-cyhalothrin Scimitar GC Flea beetles; nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.36 lbs. a.i. (52.4 fl. oz. of concentrate) per acre per year. Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide EverGreen EC 60-6 Flea & cucumber beetles Pyreth-It see Pyrenone Crop Spray http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II Flea beetles Silicon Dioxide Refined Petroleum Distillate Ultra-Fine Oil Leaf beetle larvae; caution: Spray no more than 4 consecutive sprays. The frequency of consecutive sprays should not exceed once every 2 weeks. Early morning applications are recommended. Do not tank mix with insecticide or miticide whose label indicates that it or

should not be used with oil. Do not use with captan, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, methiocarb, your oxythioquinox, propargite, or any product containing sulfur. This list is not exhaustive; local therefore for products not included in this list consult label for compatibility information. extension

Spinosad Conserve SC When used in areas of commercial production of herbaceous (non-woody) ornamentals in

nurseries (including plant propagation beds): Do not apply more than 10 times in a office. 12-month period per crop regardless of the pest being treated. Because generations of a specific pest may overlap, rotate control products and never apply more than three consecutive applications of Conserve SC or products containing the same a.i. or products with the same mode of action. Except for structures that can be altered to be closed or open, do not reapply within less than 7 days. Tau-Fluvalinate Mavrik Aquaflow Flea & cucumber beetles; repeat applications not more than four times per month at 5-7 day intervals unless otherwise noted in use directions. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 20

Table 4. Chrysomelid Beetle (Cucumber, Flea, and Leaf Beetles) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted):

Azadirachtin Aza-Direct Do not exceed 57 oz. of Aza-Direct per acre per application. Diazinon Diazinon 5WB Flea beetles; precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia Archival Diazinon Insecticide since injury to the plants may occur.

Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg.# Nurseries only. Flea beetles; precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, copy: 5905-248) and gardenia since injury to the plants may occur. for

Imidacloprid Provado 1.6 Flowable Flea beetles; edible-leaved and garland chrysanthemum; do not apply more than 18.75 current fl.oz. per year as foliar sprays, and regardless of formulation or type of application. Do not

apply more than 0.5 lbs. a.i. of Admire or Provado per acre per season. For resistance recommendations management foliar applications following soil application of Admire in the same crop is not recommended.

1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2

Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of see

applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu

Table 5. Fleahopper (Hemiptera: Miridae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. or

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ your 1 2

Name Formulation Notes from Label local

Products labeled for use on any flower crop: extension Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II Silicon Dioxide office. Pyrethrins, Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Apply in intervals of 7 days or less. Cube Resins 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 21

Table 6. Fungus Gnat (Diptera: Sciaridae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Products labeled for use on any flower crop: Acetamiprid TriStar 70 WSP Larvae; do not make more than five applications per year. Do not reapply more than once every 7 days. Do not apply more than 22 water soluble packs per acre (0.55 lb. a.i./acre)

per year. Resistance to other chloronicotinyls/neonicotinyls, such as Merit and Marathon, Archival may result in resistance to TriStar. Therefore, to minimize resistance, rotate with other

classes of insecticides. copy: Azadirachtin Azatin XL Ornazin 3% EC for current Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Gnatrol In potting soil mixtures only; soil drench for control of larvae.

Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 Naturalis L Cucumber & flea beetles; do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after recommendations application before applying fungicides. Bifenthrin BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Adults; nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications. see

Talstar Nursery Granular Larvae; containerized and balled nursery stock http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Talstar N Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for outdoor Talstar Nursery Flowable applications. Chlorpyrifos Duragard ME Nursery; bedding plants, potted and cut flowers. Direct spray to some open blooms may cause petal drop. Do not spray on kalanchoes.

Cyfluthrin Decathlon 20WP or Cyfluthrin & Imidacloprid Discus Nursery; application can not exceed a total of 244 oz. per acre per year for outdoor your

ornamentals grown in beds. On plants with a production cycle of less than one year, local

application frequency can not exceed more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. extension On stock plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than one year, application may not exceed once a year.

Cyromazine Citation Container grown or shade house grown ornamentals; will not control adult stages. Do not office. make more than six applications to one crop. Deltamethrin Deltaguard GC 5 SC Nursery Diflubenzuron Adept Shade house; do not make more than four applications per crop. Do not apply to poinsettias, hibiscus, and Rieger begonia. Do not reuse potting media, which has been treated with Adept. Do not apply to plants grown on capillary water mats. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 22

Table 6. Fungus Gnat (Diptera: Sciaridae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Fenoxycarb Precision Bradysia spp.; Container grown or shade house grown; will not control the adult stages of insect pests. Do not exceed a maximum of 30 applications per year for greenhouse use. Applications should not be made to poinsettia after bract formation. Permethrin Perm-Up 3.2EC Field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Archival Permethrin Pro Nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year.

Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide EverGreen EC 60-6 copy:

Pyrenone Crop Spray for

Pyriproxyfen Distance IGR For foliar spray application, apply Distance no more than two times per cropping cycle or no current more than two times per 6 months. For sprench application, if a second application is

needed, allow a minimum of 21 days between applications. For drench application: Do not recommendations drench plants more than one time per crop cycle. Phytotoxicity has been observed on salvia (Salvia spp.), ghost plant (Graptopetalum paraguayense), schefflera (Schefflera spp.), gardenia (Gardenia spp.), and coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea). It is therefore recommended that Distance not be used on these plants. Do not apply to poinsettia after bract formation. see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Steinernema carpocapsae Millenium For fungus gnats and shore flies: Three applications must be applied at 7 day intervals.

Steinernema feltiae Nemasys Nursery; if fungus gnats are established it may take 2-3 weeks before the number of adults is noticeably reduced. Do not use through drip irrigation or mist system. Thiamethoxam Flagship 25WG Shade house, container & nursery grown; do not exceed 8 oz. per acre per crop or year,

which ever is shorter. or your Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted): local

Azadirachtin Aza-Direct Do not exceed 57 oz. of Aza-Direct per acre per application. extension 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2

Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of office. applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 23

Table 7. Heliothis (Tobacco Budworm, etc.), Helicoverpa (Corn Earworm, etc.) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also caterpillars (Lepidoptera).

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Products labeled for use on any flower crop: Azadirachtin Azatin XL Corn earworm, tobacco budworm

Ornazin 3% EC Bollworm, corn earworm Archival Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai Xentari DF Heliothis, tobacco budworm copy: Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Deliver Dipel DF Heliothis, tobacco budworm for current Troy-BT 2WP

Javelin WG Bollworm, Heliothis, Helicoverpa, tobacco budworm recommendations Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Biobit HP Heliothis, tobacco budworm strain ABTS-351 Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Condor Bioinsecticide Tobacco budworm; precautions: Do not use in combination with any chlorothalonil based strain EG2348 fungicide (Bravo, Terranil etc.). Mixing with other oil based products or surfactants could see increase the risk of phytotoxicity. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Lepinox WDG Tobacco budworm strain EG7826 Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Crymax Bioinsecticide Tobacco budworm strain EG7841 Permethrin Ambush Heliothis; field grown nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per or

Ambush 25W season. Marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Application to blooming your Clean Crop Permethrin 3.2 EC plants may cause browning of petals. local Pounce 3.2 EC Perm-Up 3.2 EC Heliothis; nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year. extension Permethrin Pro

Pounce 25 WP Heliothis; field grown nursery stock office. Pounce WSB Polyhedral Occlusion Bodies Gemstar LC Corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea); tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens); use (POBs) of the nuclear non-chlorinated water at a ph near 7.0 in the spray tank mix. polyhedrosis virus of Helicoverpa zea Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 24

Table 7. Heliothis (Tobacco Budworm, etc.), Helicoverpa (Corn Earworm, etc.) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also caterpillars (Lepidoptera).

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide EverGreen EC 60-6 Heliothis sp., corn earworm Pyreth-It

Pyrenone Crop Spray Bollworm, Heliothis, corn earworm Archival 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of copy: applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. for current recommendations Table 8. Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 see

Products labeled for use on any flower crop: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Acetamiprid TriStar 70 WSP Do not make more than five applications per year. Do not reapply more than once every 7 days. Do not apply more than 22 water soluble packs per acre (0.55 lb. a.i./acre) per year. Azadirachtin Azatin XL Ornazin 3% EC

Azatrol EC Do not exceed 20 grams a.i., 57 oz., of Azatrol per acre. or your Azinphos-methyl Guthion Solupak Nursery stock local Beauveria bassiana strain GHA Mycotrol O Edible flowers only. extension Bifenthrin BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per

acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications. office. Talstar N Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for outdoor Talstar Nursery Flowable applications. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 25

Table 8. Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Buprofezin Talus Insect Growth Regulator Eastern grape leafhopper; Glassy-winged sharpshooter; Variegated leafhopper; Western grape leafhopper; Cherry leafhopper; Potato leafhopper; Brown planthopper; Make no more than two applications per crop per season. To preserve usefulness of Talus, do not make more than two consecutive applications. Prior to subsequent applications, use an Archival alternative chemistry with a different mode of action. Talus belongs to a class of chemicals not previously used as pesticides and not known to be cross-resistant to other classes of insecticides. In addition to inhibiting chitin biosynthesis on the listed insects, Talus copy:

supresses oviposition of adults and reduces viability of eggs. for

Carbaryl AllPro 10% Carbaryl Dust current AllPro Carbaryl 4L recommendations AllPro Carbaryl 50 WP To avoid possible injury to tender foliage, do not apply to wet foliage or when rain or high humidity is expected during the next two days. Carbaryl 4L Carbaryl 80S see Sevin Brand SL Do not make more than six foliar and two direct applications per year. Do not allow public use of treated areas during application or until sprays have dried. To avoid possible injury to http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu tender foliage, do not apply to wet foliage or when rain or high humidity is expected during the next two days. Sevin 80 WSP Application to wet foliage or during periods of high humidity may cause injury to tender Sevin SL foliage.

Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos Pro 2 Nursery stock in nurseries. or your Chlorpyrifos Pro 4 Nursery; some varieties of azaleas, camellias, poinsettias, rose bushes, or variegated ivy local show varying degrees of phytotoxicity. Duragard ME Nursery; bedding plants, potted and cut flowers. Direct spray to some open blooms may extension cause petal drop. Do not spray on kalanchoes.

Dursban 50W Nursery office. Clarified Hydrophobic Extract of Triact 70 Test before applying to carnation and the flowers of: Impatiens, fuchsia, hibiscus, and some Neem Oil roses. Most effective when applied early to mid-morning or late afternoon. Cyfluthrin Decathlon 20WP Cyfluthrin & Imidacloprid Discus Nursery; application can not exceed a total of 244 oz. per acre per year for outdoor ornamentals grown in beds. On plants with a production cycle of less than one year, application frequency can not exceed more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than one year, application may not exceed once a year. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 26

Table 8. Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Deltamethrin Deltaguard GC 5SC Nursery Diazinon Diazinon 50W Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to Diazinon AG 500 (EPA Reg.# the plants may occur. 51036-71) Archival Fenpropathrin Tame 2.4EC Nursery & shade house; do not use less than a 7 day re-treatment interval.

Imidacloprid Marathon II For outdoor ornamentals do not apply more than 1.6 pt. (0.4 lbs. a.i.) per acre per year. Do copy:

not apply thru any type of irrigation system. for

Lambda-cyhalothrin Scimitar GC Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.36 lbs. a.i. (52.4 fl. oz. of concentrate) current per acre per year. recommendations Malathion Atrapa 5E Gowan Malathion 8F Malathion 5 EC Malathion 57% Premium Grade

Permethrin Ambush 25W Field grown nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per season. see Marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Application to blooming plants may http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu cause browning of petals. Ambush Field grown nursery stock Pounce 25 WP Pounce 3.2 EC

Pounce WSB or your

Clean Crop Permethrin 3.2 EC Field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. local Application to blooming plants may cause browning of petals. Avoid spraying chrysanthemum blooms. extension Perm-Up 3.2 EC Nursery; marginal leaf burn may occur on salvia, dieffenbachia and pteris fern. Application

to blooming plants may cause browning of petals. office. Permethrin Pro Nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 27

Table 8. Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids AllPro Insecticidal Soap 40% To achieve enhanced and residual control, use a 1-2% v/v solution of product in combination with recommended products. Tank mixes with products containing chlorothalonil should be avoided as they can cause severe phytotoxicity. If wilting occurs a few hours after application rinse with a clean water spray. Since applications may cause Archival injury to flowers of some plant cultivars, test product on a few flowering plants.

85¡F. Note: Do not use on crown of thorns and test on other euphorbias for phytotoxicity. for Do not use on bleeding heart, lantana, lilies or sweetpeas. Some varieties of azaleas, current begonias, camellias, fuschias, gardenias, orchids, and impatiens have shown sensitivity. Do not apply to poinsettias after bract coloration begins. Test on chrysanthemums for varietal recommendations sensitivity and do not apply to open blooms. Do not apply to ornamentals stressed by drought. Test on eugenia and euonymus for varietal and drought sensitivity.

M-Pede For control of aphids must combine with other pesticides. Tank mixes with chlorothalonil see

should be avoided. Potential for injury increases on plants stressed by heat, humidity, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu drought, or insect, mite or disease pressure. Do not apply to very sensitive plants such as: Cherimoya, bleeding heart, or sweetpeas. The following may be sensitive: Crown of thorns and other euphorbia, fuchsia, gardenia, impatiens, Asiatic and oriental lily varieties, lantana, ornamental ivy, poinsettia, redbud, schefflera, zebra plant and some succulents. Flowers of the following may be injured when sprayed: African violet, ageratum, azalea, begonia,

camellia, chrysanthemum, dahlia, geranium, gloxinia, impatiens, lily, marigold, orchid, or pansy, petunia, poinsettia bracts, rose, salvia, snapdragon, vinca, and zinnia. your local Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide Pyrenone Crop Spray EverGreen EC 60-6 extension Pyreth-It

Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II office. Silicon Dioxide

Pyrethrins, Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Apply in intervals of 7 days or less. Cube Resins Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 28

Table 8. Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Refined Petroleum Distillate Saf-T-Side Spray Oil This insecticide's mode of action is through suffocation of eggs, larvae and nymphs of insects and adults of soft bodied insects. This mode of action necessitates total spray coverage. Bedding plants; do not use in combination with or immediately before or after spraying with fungicides such as captan, oxythioquinox or any product containing sulfur. Archival Also do not use with carbaryl (Sevin) or dimethoate. Do not use with any product whose label recommends the use of no oils. Do not use in combination with NPK foliar fertilizer applications. copy:

Tau-Fluvalinate Mavrik Aquaflow Repeat applications not more than four times per month at 5-7 day intervals unless for otherwise noted in use directions. current Thiamethoxam Flagship 25WG Shade house, container & nursery grown; do not exceed 8 oz. per acre per crop or year, recommendations which ever is shorter. Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted):

Acephate Acephate Pro 75

Acephate 97UP see

Address T/O http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Orthene Turf Tree & Ornamental Spray Orthene Turf Tree & Ornamental Spray 97 Azadirachtin Aza-Direct Do not exceed 57 oz. of Aza-Direct per acre per application. or

Diazinon Diazinon 5WB Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to your

Diazinon Insecticide the plants may occur. local

Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg.# Nurseries only. Flea beetles; precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, extension 5905-248) and gardenia since injury to the plants may occur. Dimethoate AllPro Cygon 2E Nurseries; do not use on ornamental plants not listed or on any ornamental stock plants Dimethoate 267 grown as a source of propagation material such as cuttings, layers, root stocks or scions for office. grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Dimethoate 4 EC Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has shown to be safe. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Dimethoate 400 Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has 5 Lb. Dimethoate shown to be safe. Do not use on any ornamental stock plants grown as a source of propagation material, such as cuttings, layers, root stocks, or scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 29

Table 8. Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2

1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. Archival copy: Table 9. Leafminer, dipterous (Diptera: Agromyzidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. for current Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 recommendations Products labeled for use on any flower crop: Abamectin Avid 0.15EC Liroimyza leafminers; phytotoxicity has been observed on Shasta Daisy. Acetamiprid TriStar 70 WSP Do not make more than five applications per year. Do not reapply more than once every 7 days. Do not apply more than 22 water soluble packs per acre (0.55 lb. a.i./acre) per year. see

Resistance to other chloronicotinyls/neonicotinyls, such as Merit and Marathon, may result http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu in resistance to TriStar. Therefore, to minimize resistance, rotate with other classes of insecticides. Azadirachtin Azatin XL Ornazin 3% EC Bifenthrin3 BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time or

is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per your acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications. local Talstar N Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for outdoor extension Talstar Nursery Flowable applications. Chlorpyrifos3 Chlorpyrifos Pro 2 Nursery stock in nurseries. office. Chlorpyrifos Pro 4 Nursery; some varieties of azaleas, camellias, poinsettias, rose bushes, or variegated ivy show varying degrees of phytotoxicity. Duragard ME Nursery; bedding plants, potted and cut flowers. Direct spray to some open blooms may cause petal drop. Do not spray on kalanchoes. Dursban 50W Nursery Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 30

Table 9. Leafminer, dipterous (Diptera: Agromyzidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Cyfluthrin & Imidacloprid Discus Application can not exceed a total of 244 oz. per acre per year for outdoor ornamentals grown in beds. On plants with a production cycle of less than one year, application frequency can not exceed more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than one year, application may Archival not exceed once a year. Cyromazine Citation Container grown or shade house grown ornamentals; will not control adult stages. copy: Leafminers can develop resistance, therefore, do not use as the only control for leafminers,

make no more than three applications at 7-day intervals, then switch to Avid as an for

alternative control for the same period, then Citation may be applied again at 7-day intervals current if necessary. Do not make more than six applications to one crop. recommendations Deltamethrin3 Deltaguard GC 5SC Nursery Diazinon3 Diazinon 50W Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to Diazinon AG 500 the plants may occur. Dinotefuran Safari 20 SG Serpentine leafminers; nursery; broadcast (foliar) applications can not exceed a total of 2.7 see lbs. of product (0.54 lb. a.i.) per acre per year. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu

Fenpropathrin3 Tame 2.4EC Nursery & shade house; do not use less than a 7 day re-treatment interval. Imidacloprid Marathon 1% Granular Nursery; for outdoor ornamentals grown in beds, applications can not exceed a total of 40 lbs. per acre per year. On plants with a production cycle of less than 1 year, application is not to exceed a frequency of more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock

plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than 1 year, application may not or exceed once a year. your local Marathon 60 WP Nursery; this product is to be applied as a soil treatment only. For outdoor ornamentals

grown in beds applications can not exceed a total of 10.7 oz. (0.4 lbs. Active ingredient) per extension acre per year. On plants with a production cycle of less than 1 year, application is not to exceed a frequency of more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock plants office. and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than 1 year, application may not exceed once a year. Marathon II For outdoor ornamentals do not apply more than 1.6 pt. (0.4 lbs. a.i.) per acre per year. Do not apply thru any type of irrigation system. Lambda-cyhalothrin3 Scimitar GC Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.36 lbs. a.i. (52.4 fl. oz. of concentrate) per acre per year. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 31

Table 9. Leafminer, dipterous (Diptera: Agromyzidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Novaluron Pedestal Container grown plants; nursery & shade house; do not apply more than once every 30 days. Do not make more than two applications per crop year. Do not apply more than 52 fl. oz. per acre per year per crop. Do not apply to poinsettias. Resistance management: Do not apply in successive applications, use only one application before rotation with other Archival classes of insecticides with different modes of action. Use at least two alternative products between applications of Pedestal. Do not use more than once within each generation cycle. copy: Oxydemeton-methyl3 Metasystox-R Field grown nursery stock; do not make more than 2 applications per season. for

Permethrin3 Ambush 25W Field grown nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per season. current Marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Application to blooming plants may

cause browning of petals. recommendations Ambush Field grown nursery stock Pounce 25 WP Pounce 3.2 EC Pounce WSB see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Clean Crop Permethrin 3.2 EC Field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Application to blooming plants may cause browning of petals. Avoid spraying chrysanthemum blooms. Perm-Up 3.2EC Field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia.

Permethrin Pro Nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year. or your local extension office. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 32

Table 9. Leafminer, dipterous (Diptera: Agromyzidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

M-Pede For control of leafminers must combine with other pesticides. Tank mixes with chlorothalonil copy: should be avoided. Potential for injury increases on plants stressed by heat, humidity,

drought, or insect, mite or disease pressure. Do not apply to very sensitive plants such as: for Cherimoya, bleeding heart, or sweetpeas. The following may be sensitive: Crown of thorns current and other euphorbia, fuchsia, gardenia, impatiens, Asiatic and oriental lily varieties, lantana, ornamental ivy, poinsettia, redbud, schefflera, zebra plant and some succulents. Flowers of recommendations the following may be injured when sprayed: African violet, ageratum, azalea, begonia, camellia, chrysanthemum, dahlia, geranium, gloxinia, impatiens, lily, marigold, orchid, pansy, petunia, poinsettia bracts, rose, salvia, snapdragon, vinca, and zinnia.

Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide Pyrenone Crop Spray see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II Silicon Dioxide

Pyrethrins & Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Apply in intervals of 7 days or less. Cube Resins

Refined Petroleum Distillate Saf-T-Side Spray Oil This insecticide's mode of action is through suffocation of eggs, larvae and nymphs of or your insects and adults of soft bodied insects. This mode of action necessitates total spray coverage. Bedding plants; do not use in combination with or immediately before or after local

spraying with fungicides such as captan, oxythioquinox or any product containing sulfur. extension Also do not use with carbaryl (Sevin) or dimethoate. Do not use with any product whose label recommends the use of no oils. Do not use in combination with NPK foliar fertilizer

applications. office. Ultra-Fine Oil Caution: Spray no more than 4 consecutive sprays. The frequency of consecutive sprays should not exceed once every 2 weeks. Early morning applications are recommended. Do not tank mix with insecticide or miticide whose label indicates that it should not be used with oil. Do not use with captan, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, methiocarb, oxythioquinox, propargite, or any product containing sulfur. This list is not exhaustive; therefore for products not included in this list consult label for compatibility information. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 33

Table 9. Leafminer, dipterous (Diptera: Agromyzidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Spinosad Conserve SC When used in areas of commercial production of herbaceous (non-woody) ornamentals in nurseries (including plant propagation beds): Do not apply more than 10 times in a 12-month period per crop regardless of the pest being treated. Because generations of a specific pest may overlap, rotate control products and never apply more than three Archival consecutive applications of Conserve SC or products containing the same a.i. or products with the same mode of action. Except for structures that can be altered to be closed or open, do not reapply within less than 7 days. copy:

Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted): for current Azadirachtin Aza-Direct Do not exceed 57 oz. of Aza-Direct per acre per application. recommendations Dimethoate AllPro Cygon 2E Nurseries; do not use on ornamental plants not listed or on any ornamental stock plants Dimethoate 267 grown as a source of propagation material such as cuttings, layers, root stocks or scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Dimethoate 4 EC Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has shown to be safe. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. see Dimethoate 400 Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu 5 Lb. Dimethoate shown to be safe. Do not use on any ornamental stock plants grown as a source of propagation material, such as cuttings, layers, root stocks, or scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Naled3 Dibrom 8 Emulsive Spotting, bronzing or localized burning can occur under certain climatic conditions such as

slow drying and high humidity or stress caused by drought or high temperature. Do not or spray on ornamental cherries, liquid amber, chrysanthemums or ornamental kale as injury your

may occur. local

Refined Petroleum Distillate JMS Stylet-Oil Do not spray wet foliage. Do not spray when freezing temperatures are anticipated within 48 extension hours of an oil application, above 90¡ F, or when plants are under heat or moisture stress. Do not tank mix with spreader stickers, Nu-Film-P, or Nu-Film-17, highly ionized nutrient spray materials. office. 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. 3 Liriomyza trifolii leafminers have become resistant to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. Infrequent use may be effective, but repeated use may be ineffective, depending on the history of the target population. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 34

Table 10. Leafrollers & Leaftiers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also Caterpillars (Lepidoptera).

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Products labeled for use on any flower crop: Azadirachtin Azatin XL Ornazin 3% EC

Azatrol EC Do not exceed 20 grams a.i., 57 oz., of Azatrol per acre. Archival Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai Xentari DF Omnivorous leafroller copy: Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Deliver Obliquebanded leafroller, omnivorous leafroller, omnivorous leaftier, orange tortrix,

orangedog, redbanded leafroller for Dipel DF Fruittree leafroller, omnivorous leafroller current

Javelin WG Fruittree leafroller, obliquebanded leafroller, omnivorous leafroller, omnivorous leaftier, recommendations orange tortrix, orangedog, pandemis leafroller, redbanded leafroller Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Condor Bioinsecticide Fruittree leafroller, omnivorous leafroller, tortrix; precautions: Do not use in combination strain EG2348 with any chlorothalonil based fungicide (Bravo, Terranil etc.). Mixing with other oil based products or surfactants could increase the risk of phytotoxicity. see Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Lepinox WDG Fruittree leafroller, omnivorous leafroller, tortrix http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu strain EG7826 Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Crymax Bioinsecticide Fruittree leafroller, omnivorous leafroller strain EG7841 Bifenthrin BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Leafrollers; nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than

0.2 lb. a.i. per acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications or your Talstar N Leafrollers; nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for Talstar Nursery Flowable outdoor applications. local

Carbaryl AllPro Carbaryl 4L Leafrollers extension AllPro Carbaryl 50 WP Leafrollers; to avoid possible injury to tender foliage, do not apply to wet foliage or when

Sevin 80 WSP rain or high humidity is expected during the next two days. office. Sevin SL

Carbaryl 4L Leafrollers Carbaryl 80S

Sevin Brand SL Leafrollers; do not make more than six foliar and two direct applications per year. To avoid possible injury to tender foliage, do not apply to wet foliage or when rain or high humidity is expected during the next two days. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 35

Table 10. Leafrollers & Leaftiers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also Caterpillars (Lepidoptera).

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos Pro 2 Leafrollers; nursery stock in nurseries Chlorpyrifos Pro 4 Leafrollers; nursery; some varieties of azaleas, camellias, poinsettias, rose bushes, or variegated ivy show varying degrees of phytotoxicity. Dursban 50W Leafrollers; nursery Archival Cryolite Kryocide Leafrollers

Cyfluthrin Decathlon 20WP Leafrollers copy:

Deltamethrin Deltaguard GC 5SC Leafrollers; nursery for

Diazinon Diazinon 50W Obliquebanded leafrollers, omnivorous leaftiers; precaution: Do not use on ferns, current Diazinon AG 500 poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to the plants may occur. recommendations Fenpropathrin Tame 2.4EC Leafrollers; nursery & shade house; do not use less than a 7 day re-treatment interval. Lambda-cyhalothrin Scimitar GC Leafrollers; nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.36 lbs. a.i. (52.4 fl. oz. of concentrate) per acre per year. Permethrin Perm-Up 3.2 EC Leafrollers; field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, see dieffenbachia. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Permethrin Pro Leafrollers; nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year. Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyrenone Crop Spray Pyreth-It

Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II Leafrollers or Silicon Dioxide your local

Pyrethrins, Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Leafrollers; apply in intervals of 7 days or less. extension Cube Resins office. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 36

Table 10. Leafrollers & Leaftiers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also Caterpillars (Lepidoptera).

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Refined Petroleum Distillate Saf-T-Side Spray Oil This insecticide's mode of action is through suffocation of eggs, larvae and nymphs of insects and adults of soft bodied insects. This mode of action necessitates total spray coverage. Bedding plants; do not use in combination with or immediately before or after spraying with fungicides such as captan, oxythioquinox or any product containing sulfur. Archival Also do not use with carbaryl (Sevin) or dimethoate. Do not use with any product whose label recommends the use of no oils. Do not use in combination with NPK foliar fertilizer applications. copy:

Ultra-Fine Oil Leafrollers; caution: Spray no more than 4 consecutive sprays. The frequency of for

consecutive sprays should not exceed once every 2 weeks. Early morning applications are current recommended. Do not tank mix with insecticide or miticide whose label indicates that it

should not be used with oil. Do not use with captan, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, methiocarb, recommendations oxythioquinox, propargite, or any product containing sulfur. This list is not exhaustive; therefore for products not included in this list consult label for compatibility information.

Spinosad Conserve SC Obliquebanded leafroller; when used in areas of commercial production of herbaceous (non-woody) ornamentals in nurseries (including plant propagation beds): Do not apply see more than 10 times in a 12-month period per crop regardless of the pest being treated. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Because generations of a specific pest may overlap, rotate control products and never apply more than three consecutive applications of Conserve SC or products containing the same a.i. or products with the same mode of action. Except for structures that can be altered to be closed or open, do not reapply within less than 7 days. or

Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted): your

Acephate Acephate Pro 75 Leafrollers local

Acephate 97UP extension Address T/O Orthene Turf Tree & Ornamental

Spray office. Orthene Turf Tree & Ornamental Spray 97

Azadirachtin Aza-Direct Leafrollers; do not exceed 57 oz. of Aza-Direct per acre per application. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 37

Table 10. Leafrollers & Leaftiers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also Caterpillars (Lepidoptera).

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Diazinon Diazinon 5WB Obliquebanded leafrollers, omnivorous leaftiers; precaution: Do not use on ferns, Diazinon Insecticide poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to the plants may occur. Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg.# Nurseries only; obliquebanded leafrollers, omnivorous leaftiers; precaution: Do not use on

5905-248) ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to the plants may occur. Archival Naled Dibrom 8 Emulsive Leafrollers; spotting, bronzing or localized burning can occur under certain climatic conditions such as slow drying and high humidity or stress caused by drought or high copy: temperature. Do not spray on ornamental cherries, liquid amber, chrysanthemums or

ornamental kale as injury may occur. for 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. current 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. recommendations

Table 11. Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also Caterpillars (Lepidoptera). see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Products labeled for use on any flower crop: Azadirachtin Azatin XL or

Ornazin 3% EC your Azatrol EC Do not exceed 20 grams a.i., 57 oz., of Azatrol per acre. local Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai Xentari DF extension Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Deliver Dipel DF

Javelin WG office. Troy-BT 2WP Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Biobit HP strain ABTS-351

Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Condor Bioinsecticide Precautions: Do not use in combination with any chlorothalonil based fungicide (Bravo, EG2348 Terranil etc.). Mixing with other oil based products or surfactants could increase the risk of phytotoxicity. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 38

Table 11. Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also Caterpillars (Lepidoptera).

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Lepinox WDG strain EG7826 Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Crymax Bioinsecticide EG7841 Archival Permethrin Ambush 25W Cabbage looper; field grown nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per season. Marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Application to blooming plants may cause browning of petals. copy:

Ambush Cabbage looper; field grown nursery stock for Pounce 25 WP current Pounce 3.2 EC Pounce WSB recommendations Clean Crop Permethrin 3.2 EC Cabbage looper; field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Application to blooming plants may cause browning of petals. Avoid spraying chrysanthemum blooms. Perm-Up 3.2 EC Cabbage looper; field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, see dieffenbachia. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Permethrin Pro Cabbage looper; nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year. Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyrenone Crop Spray Pyreth-It Cabbage looper

Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II or your Silicon Dioxide local Pyrethrins, Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Apply in intervals of 7 days or less. extension Cube Resins Spinosad Conserve SC Cabbage looper; when used in areas of commercial production of herbaceous (non-woody)

ornamentals in nurseries (including plant propagation beds): Do not apply more than 10 office. times in a 12-month period per crop regardless of the pest being treated. Because generations of a specific pest may overlap, rotate control products and never apply more than three consecutive applications of Conserve SC or products containing the same a.i. or products with the same mode of action. Except for structures that can be altered to be closed or open, do not reapply within less than 7 days. Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted): Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 39

Table 11. Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. See also Caterpillars (Lepidoptera).

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Diazinon Diazinon 5WB Oak looper; precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since Diazinon Insecticide injury to the plants may occur. Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg.# Nurseries only; oak looper; precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and

5905-248) gardenia since injury to the plants may occur. Archival Diflubenzuron Dimilin 25W Insect Growth Regulator Hemlock looper early instars; not for trees or shrubs grown in shade houses.

EPA Reg. # 400-465 copy: 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. for 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of current applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. recommendations

Table 12. Mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. see Common/Chemical Trade Name/ http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Products labeled for use on any flower crop: Acetamiprid TriStar 70 WSP Do not make more than five applications per year. Do not reapply more than once every 7 days. Do not apply more than 22 water soluble packs per acre (0.55 lb. a.i./acre) per year.

Azadirachtin Azatin XL or Ornazin 3% EC your

Azatrol EC Do not exceed 20 grams a.i., 57 oz., of Azatrol per acre. local

Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 Naturalis L Do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after application before extension applying fungicides. Beauveria bassiana strain GHA Botanigard 22WP Nursery & shade house office. Botanigard ES Nursery Mycotrol O Edible flowers only. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 40

Table 12. Mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Bifenthrin BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications.

Talstar N Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for outdoor Archival Talstar Nursery Flowable applications.

Talstar Nursery Granular Containerized and balled nursery stock copy:

Buprofezin Talus Insect Growth Regulator Grape mealybug; vine mealybug; citrus mealybug; comstock mealybug; longtailed for

mealybug; Mexican mealybug; Obscure mealybug; Make no more than two applications per current crop per season. To preserve usefulness of Talus, do not make more than two consecutive

applications. Prior to subsequent applications, use an alternative chemistry with a different recommendations mode of action. Talus belongs to a class of chemicals not previously used as pesticides and not known to be cross-resistant to other classes of insecticides. In addition to inhibiting chitin biosynthesis on the listed insects. Talus supresses oviposition of adults and reduces viability of eggs. Carbaryl AllPro Carbaryl 4L see Carbaryl 4L http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Carbaryl 80S Sevin Brand SL Do not make more than six foliar and two direct applications per year. To avoid possible injury to tender foliage, do not apply to wet foliage or when rain or high humidity is expected during the next two days.

AllPro Carbaryl 50 WP Application to wet foliage or during periods of high humidity may cause injury to tender or Sevin 80 WSP foliage. your

Sevin SL local

Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos Pro 2 Nursery stock in nurseries. extension Chlorpyrifos Pro 4 Nursery; some varieties of azaleas, camellias, poinsettias, rose bushes, or variegated ivy show varying degrees of phytotoxicity. office. Duragard ME Nursery; bedding plants, potted and cut flowers. Direct spray to some open blooms may cause petal drop. Do not spray on kalanchoes. Dursban 50W Nursery Clarified Hydrophobic Extract of Triact 70 Test before applying to carnation and the flowers of: Impatiens, fuchsia, hibiscus, and some Neem Oil roses. Most effective when applied early to mid-morning or late afternoon. Cyfluthrin Decathlon 20WP Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 41

Table 12. Mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Cyfluthrin & Imidacloprid Discus Nursery; application can not exceed a total of 244 oz. per acre per year for outdoor ornamentals grown in beds. On plants with a production cycle of less than one year, application frequency can not exceed more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than one year, Archival application may not exceed once a year. Deltamethrin Deltaguard GC 5SC Nursery copy: Fenpropathrin Tame 2.4EC Nursery & shade house; do not use less than a 7 day re-treatment interval. for Imidacloprid Marathon 1% Granular Nursery; for outdoor ornamentals grown in beds, applications can not exceed a total of 40 current lbs. per acre per year. On plants with a production cycle of less than 1 year, application is not to exceed a frequency of more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock recommendations plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than 1 year, application may not exceed once a year. Marathon 60 WP Nursery; this product is to be applied as a soil treatment only. For outdoor ornamentals grown in beds applications can not exceed a total of 10.7 oz. (0.4 lbs. Active ingredient) per acre per year. On plants with a production cycle of less than 1 year, application is not to see exceed a frequency of more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock plants http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than 1 year, application may not exceed once a year. Marathon II For outdoor ornamentals do not apply more than 1.6 pt. (0.4 lbs. a.i.) per acre per year. Do not apply thru any type of irrigation system.

Lambda-cyhalothrin Scimitar GC Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.36 lbs. a.i. (52.4 fl. oz. of concentrate) or your per acre per year. local Malathion Atrapa 5E

Gowan Malathion 8F extension Malathion 5 EC Malathion 57% Premium Grade office. Methidathion Supracide 25W Nursery stock

Permethrin Perm-Up 3.2 EC Nursery stock; Marginal leaf burn may occur on salvia, dieffenbachia and pteris fern. Application to blooming plants may cause browning of petals. Permethrin Pro Nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 42

Table 12. Mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

M-Pede For control of aphids must combine with other pesticides. Tank mixes with chlorothalonil see should be avoided. Potential for injury increases on plants stressed by heat, humidity, drought, or insect, mite or disease pressure. Do not apply to very sensitive plants such as: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Cherimoya, bleeding heart, or sweetpeas. The following may be sensitive: Crown of thorns and other euphorbia, fuchsia, gardenia, impatiens, Asiatic and oriental lily varieties, lantana, ornamental ivy, poinsettia, redbud, schefflera, zebra plant and some succulents. Flowers of the following may be injured when sprayed: African violet, ageratum, azalea, begonia, camellia, chrysanthemum, dahlia, geranium, gloxinia, impatiens, lily, marigold, orchid, or

pansy, petunia, poinsettia bracts, rose, salvia, snapdragon, vinca, and zinnia. your

Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide EverGreen EC 60-6 local

Pyrenone Crop Spray extension

Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II

Silicon Dioxide office.

Pyrethrins, Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Apply in intervals of 7 days or less. Cube Resins Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 43

Table 12. Mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Pyriproxyfen Distance IGR Suppression; for foliar spray application, apply Distance no more than two times per cropping cycle or no more than two times per 6 months. For sprench application, if a second application is needed, allow a minimum of 21 days between applications. For drench application: Do not drench plants more than one time per crop cycle. Phytotoxicity has been Archival observed on salvia (Salvia spp.), ghost plant (Graptopetalum paraguayense), schefflera (Schefflera spp.), gardenia (Gardenia spp.), and coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea). It is therefore recommended that Distance not be used on these plants. Do not apply to copy:

poinsettia after bract formation. for

Refined Petroleum Distillate Saf-T-Side Spray Oil This insecticide's mode of action is through suffocation of eggs, larvae and nymphs of current insects and adults of soft bodied insects. This mode of action necessitates total spray

coverage. Bedding plants; do not use in combination with or immediately before or after recommendations spraying with fungicides such as captan, oxythioquinox or any product containing sulfur. Also do not use with carbaryl (Sevin) or dimethoate. Do not use with any product whose label recommends the use of no oils. Do not use in combination with NPK foliar fertilizer applications. see Ultra-Fine Oil Caution: Spray no more than 4 consecutive sprays. The frequency of consecutive sprays http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu should not exceed once every 2 weeks. Early morning applications are recommended. Do not tank mix with insecticide or miticide whose label indicates that it should not be used with oil. Do not use with captan, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, methiocarb, oxythioquinox, propargite, or any product containing sulfur. This list is not exhaustive; therefore for products not included in this list consult label for compatibility information.

Tau-Fluvalinate Mavrik Aquaflow Repeat applications not more than four times per month at 5-7 day intervals unless or your otherwise noted in use directions. local Thiamethoxam Flagship 25WG Shade house, container & nursery grown; do not exceed 8 oz. per acre per crop or year, which ever is shorter. extension Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted): office. Acephate Pinpoint 15 Granular Container grown nursery stock Precise Acephate Container grown nursery stock; irrigate immediately after application, but avoid excessive irrigation, to position product in the root zone. Do not apply to freshly rooted cuttings. Potted plants: For use on 3 inch to 12 inch diameter pots (see supplemental information sheet for proper rates). Azadirachtin Aza-Direct Do not exceed 57 oz. of Aza-Direct per acre per application. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 44

Table 12. Mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Dimethoate 5 Lb Dimethoate Nurseries; do not use on ornamental plants not listed or on any ornamental stock plants AllPro Cygon 2E grown as a source of propagation material such as cuttings, layers, root stocks or scions for Dimethoate 267 grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil.

Dimethoate 4 EC Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has Archival shown to be safe. Do not use in mixtures containing oil.

Dimethoate 400 Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has copy: shown to be safe. Do not use on any ornamental stock plants grown as a source of propagation material, such as cuttings, layers, root stocks, or scions for grafting or budding. for current Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Refined Petroleum Distillate JMS Stylet-Oil Do not spray wet foliage. Do not spray when freezing temperatures are anticipated within 48 recommendations hours of an oil application, above 90¡ F, or when plants are under heat or moisture stress. Do not tank mix with spreader stickers, Nu-Film-P, or Nu-Film-17, highly ionized nutrient spray materials. 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of see applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu

Table 13. Mites, Broad & Cyclamen (Acari: Tarsonemidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. or your Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 local

Products labeled for use on any flower crop: extension Abamectin Avid 0.15EC Phytotoxicity has been observed on Shasta Daisy. office. Bifenthrin BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications. Talstar N Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for outdoor Talstar Nursery Flowable applications. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 45

Table 13. Mites, Broad & Cyclamen (Acari: Tarsonemidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Diazinon Diazinon 50W Cyclamen mites; precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia Diazinon AG 500 (EPA Reg. since injury to the plants may occur. #51036-71)

Dicofol Kelthane 50 WSP Nursery; applicators (applicators using this product for agricultural uses only) must be in Archival enclosed cabs or cockpits. Do not make more than two applications per crop or season. Resistance management: As a general rule, the utility of Kelthane 50WSP can be copy: maintained indefinitely by rotating use of Kelthane 50WSP with miticides with different

modes of action and by limiting the number of applications of Kelthane 50WSP to an for

average of one per season. If two applications are made in a single growing season, no current application should be made during the following year. recommendations Endosulfan Endosulfan 3 EC Cyclamen mite; do not exceed 3.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per year. On chrysanthemums, best Endosulfan 50 WP results will be obtained if applied before plants flower. Thionex (Endosulfan) 3 EC Thionex (Endosulfan) 50 WP

Lambda-cyhalothrin Scimitar GC Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.36 lbs. a.i. (52.4 fl. oz. of concentrate) see

per acre per year. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Methiocarb Mesurol 75-W Nursery; do not apply with oil.

Oxydemeton-methyl Metasystox-R Field grown nursery stock; do not make more than 2 applications per season.

Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids M-Pede Tank mixes with chlorothalonil should be avoided. Potential for injury increases on plants

stressed by heat, humidity, drought, or insect, mite or disease pressure. Do not apply to very or sensitive plants such as: Cherimoya, bleeding heart, or sweetpeas. The following may be your

sensitive: Crown of thorns and other euphorbia, fuchsia, gardenia, impatiens, Asiatic and local oriental lily varieties, lantana, ornamental ivy, poinsettia, redbud, schefflera, zebra plant and extension some succulents. Flowers of the following may be injured when sprayed: African violet, ageratum, azalea, begonia, camellia, chrysanthemum, dahlia, geranium, gloxinia,

impatiens, lily, marigold, orchid, pansy, petunia, poinsettia bracts, rose, salvia, snapdragon, office. vinca, and zinnia.

Pyridaben Sanmite Broad mite; maximum seasonal use rate: Do not exceed 21.34 ounces per acre per year. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 46

Table 13. Mites, Broad & Cyclamen (Acari: Tarsonemidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Refined Petroleum Distillate Saf-T-Side Spray Oil This insecticide's mode of action is through suffocation of eggs, larvae and nymphs of insects and adults of soft bodied insects. This mode of action necessitates total spray coverage. Bedding plants; do not use in combination with or immediately before or after spraying with fungicides such as captan, oxythioquinox or any product containing sulfur. Archival Also do not use with carbaryl (Sevin) or dimethoate. Do not use with any product whose label recommends the use of no oils. Do not use in combination with NPK foliar fertilizer applications. copy:

Spiromesifen Judo Shade house & nursery; phytotoxicity has been observed on geranuims (Pelargonium spp.) for and impatiens (Impatiens spp.), it is recommended that Judo not be used on these. current Resistance management: Using Judo in successive miticide applications during the same cropping cycle is not recommended. Do not apply Judo more than four times per season. recommendations

Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted):

Diazinon Diazinon 5WB Cyclamen mites; precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia see

Diazinon Insecticide since injury to the plants may occur. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg.# Cyclamen mites; nurseries only 5905-248) Dimethoate 5 Lb. Dimethoate Nurseries; do not use on ornamental plants not listed or on any ornamental stock plants AllPro Cygon 2E grown as a source of propagation material such as cuttings, layers, root stocks or scions for

Dimethoate 267 grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. or your Dimethoate 4 EC Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has shown to be safe. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. local

Dimethoate 400 Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has extension shown to be safe. Do not use on any ornamental stock plants grown as a source of propagation material, such as cuttings, layers, root stocks, or scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. office. Refined Petroleum Distillate JMS Stylet-Oil Do not spray wet foliage. Do not spray when freezing temperatures are anticipated within 48 hours of an oil application, above 90¡ F, or when plants are under heat or moisture stress. Do not tank mix with spreader stickers, Nu-Film-P, or Nu-Film-17, highly ionized nutrient spray materials. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 47

Table 13. Mites, Broad & Cyclamen (Acari: Tarsonemidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2

1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. Archival copy: Table 14. Mites, Eriophyid (Acari: Eriophyidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. for current Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 recommendations Products labeled for use on any flower crop: Abamectin Avid 0.15EC Bud & rust mites; phytotoxicity has been observed on Shasta Daisy.

Carbaryl AllPro Carbaryl 4L Carbaryl 4L see Carbaryl 80S http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Sevin 80 WSP Sevin SL Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos Pro 2 Mites such as bermudagrass nursery stock in nurseries Chlorpyrifos Pro 4 Mites such as bermudagrass nursery; some varieties of azaleas, camellias, poinsettias, rose bushes, or variegated ivy show varying degrees of phytotoxicity. or your Dursban 50W Mites; nursery local Diazinon Diazinon 50W Carnation bud mites, carnation shoot mites; precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, Diazinon AG 500 (EPA Reg.# hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to the plants may occur. extension 51036-71)

Dicofol Kelthane 50 WSP Pear rust mite, plum nursery mite, plum rust mite, tomato russet mite; nursery; applicators office. (applicators using this product for agricultural uses only) must be in enclosed cabs or cockpits. Do not make more than two applications per crop or season. Resistance management: As a general rule, the utility of Kelthane 50WSP can be maintained indefinitely by rotating use of Kelthane 50WSP with miticides with different modes of action and by limiting the number of applications of Kelthane 50WSP to an average of one per season. If two applications are made in a single growing season, no application should be made during the following year. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 48

Table 14. Mites, Eriophyid (Acari: Eriophyidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Endosulfan Endosulfan 3 EC Taxus bud mite; do not exceed 3.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per year. On chrysanthemums, best Endosulfan 50 WP results will be obtained if applied before plants flower. Thionex (Endosulfan) 3 EC Thionex (Endosulfan) 50 WP Archival Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids AllPro Insecticidal Soap 40% Mites such as rust mite; to achieve enhanced and residual control, use a 1-2% v/v solution

of product in combination with recommended products. Tank mixes with products containing copy: chlorothalonil should be avoided as they can cause severe phytotoxicity. If wilting occurs a

few hours after application rinse with a clean water spray. Since applications may cause for injury to flowers of some plant cultivars, test product on a few flowering plants. current recommendations M-Pede Mites such as rust mite; tank mixes with chlorothalonil should be avoided. Potential for injury increases on plants stressed by heat, humidity, drought, or insect, mite or disease pressure. Do not apply to very sensitive plants such as: Cherimoya, bleeding heart, or sweetpeas. The following may be sensitive: Crown of thorns and other euphorbia, fuchsia,

gardenia, impatiens, Asiatic and oriental lily varieties, lantana, ornamental ivy, poinsettia, see

redbud, schefflera, zebra plant and some succulents. Flowers of the following may be http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu injured when sprayed: African violet, ageratum, azalea, begonia, camellia, chrysanthemum, dahlia, geranium, gloxinia, impatiens, lily, marigold, orchid, pansy, petunia, poinsettia bracts, rose, salvia, snapdragon, vinca, and zinnia.

Refined Petroleum Distillate Saf-T-Side Spray Oil Mites; this insecticide's mode of action is through suffocation of eggs, larvae and nymphs of

insects and adults of soft bodied insects. This mode of action necessitates total spray or

coverage. Bedding plants; do not use in combination with or immediately before or after your

spraying with fungicides such as captan, oxythioquinox or any product containing sulfur. local Also do not use with carbaryl (Sevin) or dimethoate. Do not use with any product whose label recommends the use of no oils. Do not use in combination with NPK foliar fertilizer extension applications.

Ultra-Fine Oil Caution: Spray no more than 4 consecutive sprays. The frequency of consecutive sprays office. should not exceed once every 2 weeks. Early morning applications are recommended. Do not tank mix with insecticide or miticide whose label indicates that it should not be used with oil. Do not use with captan, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, methiocarb, oxythioquinox, propargite, or any product containing sulfur. This list is not exhaustive; therefore for products not included in this list consult label for compatibility information. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 49

Table 14. Mites, Eriophyid (Acari: Eriophyidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Spiromesifen Judo Rust mite; shade house & nursery; phytotoxicity has been observed on geranuims (Pelargonium spp.) and impatiens (Impatiens spp.), it is recommended that Judo not be used on these. Resistance management: Using Judo in successive miticide applications during the same cropping cycle is not recommended. Do not apply Judo more than four Archival times per season. Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted): copy: Diazinon Diazinon 5WB Bermudagrass mites, carnation bud mites, carnation shoot mites; precaution: Do not use on for

Diazinon Insecticide ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to the plants may occur. current Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg.# Carnation bud mites, carnation shoot mites; nurseries only 5905-248) recommendations Dimethoate 5 Lb. Dimethoate Mites; nurseries; do not use on ornamental plants not listed or on any ornamental stock AllPro Cygon 2E plants grown as a source of propagation material such as cuttings, layers, root stocks or scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil.

Dimethoate 267 Mites such as rosette bud mite; nurseries; do not use on ornamental plants not listed or on see

any ornamental stock plants grown as a source of propagation material such as cuttings, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu layers, root stocks or scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil.

Dimethoate 4 EC Mites; do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has shown to be safe. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Dimethoate 400 Mites; do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience or

has shown to be safe. Do not use on any ornamental stock plants grown as a source of your propagation material, such as cuttings, layers, root stocks, or scions for grafting or budding. local Do not use in mixtures containing oil.

Endosulfan Thionex 3EC Taxus bud mite; nurseries only; do not exceed 3.0 lbs. A.I. per acre per year. extension Thionex 50W

Refined Petroleum Distillate JMS Stylet-Oil Mites; do not spray wet foliage. Do not spray when freezing temperatures are anticipated office. within 48 hours of an oil application, above 90¡ F, or when plants are under heat or moisture stress. Do not tank mix with spreader stickers, Nu-Film-P, or Nu-Film-17, highly ionized nutrient spray materials. 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 50

Table 15. Mites, Privet (Acari: Tenuipalpidae (False Spider mites)) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. .

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Products labeled for use on any flower crop: Diazinon Diazinon 50W Privet mites; precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia Diazinon AG 500 since injury to the plants may occur.

Dicofol Kelthane 50 WSP Privet mites; nursery (F); applicators (applicators using this product for agricultural uses Archival only) must be in enclosed cabs or cockpits. Do not make more than two applications per

crop or season. Resistance management: As a general rule, the utility of Kelthane 50WSP copy: can be maintained indefinitely by rotating use of Kelthane 50WSP with miticides with different modes of action and by limiting the number of applications of Kelthane 50WSP to for current an average of one per season. If two applications are made in a single growing season, no application should be made during the following year. recommendations Spiromesifen Judo Tenuipalpid mites, including false spider mite; shade house & nursery; phytotoxicity has been observed on geranuims (Pelargonium spp.) and impatiens (Impatiens spp.), it is recommended that Judo not be used on these. Resistance management: Using Judo in successive miticide applications during the same cropping cycle is not recommended. Do

not apply Judo more than four times per season. see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu

Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted):

Diazinon Diazinon 5WB Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to Diazinon Insecticide the plants may occur.

Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg.# Nurseries only or your 5905-248) Dimethoate 5 Lb. Dimethoate Mites; nurseries; do not use on ornamental plants not listed or on any ornamental stock local

AllPro Cygon 2E plants grown as a source of propagation material such as cuttings, layers, root stocks or extension Dimethoate 267 scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Dimethoate 4 EC Mites; do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience office. has shown to be safe. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Dimethoate 400 Mites; do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has shown to be safe. Do not use on any ornamental stock plants grown as a source of propagation material, such as cuttings, layers, root stocks, or scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 51

Table 15. Mites, Privet (Acari: Tenuipalpidae (False Spider mites)) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. .

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Refined Petroleum Distillate JMS Stylet-Oil Mites; do not spray wet foliage. Do not spray when freezing temperatures are anticipated within 48 hours of an oil application, above 90¡ F, or when plants are under heat or moisture stress. Do not tank mix with spreader stickers, Nu-Film-P, or Nu-Film-17, highly ionized nutrient spray materials. Archival 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of copy: applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. for current

Table 16. Mites, Spider (Acari: Tetranychidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. recommendations

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 see Products labeled for use on any flower crop: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Abamectin Avid 0.15EC Carmine spider mite, spruce spider mite, twospotted spider mite; phytotoxicity has been observed on Shasta Daisy. Acequinocyl Shuttle 15 SC Twospotted spider mite, spruce spider mite; shade house & nursery; Do not use Shuttle in successive miticide applications; use in rotation with other treatments having different modes of action. Do not apply more than 0.6 lb a.i. per crop cycle and not more than 0.3 lb. or

a.i. per crop cycle to roses; Do not use on miniature roses or impatiens. Maximum your application rate for roses (except miniture roses) and impatiens is 6.4 fl. oz. (0.06 lb. a.i.) per local 100 gallons of water. Do not tank mix with strongly alkaline material and do not combine

with Phosethyl (Fosetyl). extension Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 Naturalis L Mites; do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after application before applying fungicides. office. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 52

Table 16. Mites, Spider (Acari: Tetranychidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Bifenazate Floramite Do not make more than two applications per crop per year. Do not apply more than 16 oz. per acre per year. Apply only one application of Floramite before rotating to products of an alternative chemical class and use at least two alternative products between treatments of Floramite. Archival Floramite SC Twospotted spider mite, European red mite, citrus red mite, southern red mite; do not use in successive applications. Apply only one application before rotating to products of an copy: alternative chemical class. Use at least two alternative products between treatments of

Floramite SC. Do not make more than two applications per crop per year. Do not apply for more than 32 fl. oz. per acre per year. current Bifenthrin3 BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Mites; nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever recommendations time is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications. Talstar N Mites; nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for Talstar Nursery Flowable outdoor applications. see Clarified Hydrophobic Extract of Triact 70 Mites; test before applying to carnation and the flowers of: Impatiens, fuchsia, hibiscus, and http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Neem Oil some roses. Most effective when applied early to mid-morning or late afternoon. Clofentezine Ovation SC Shade house, container, or nursery grown; European red mite, twospotted spider mite; recommended application frequency is once per crop cycle in greenhouse, saran house, and shade house culture, and once per each crop cycle occurring within a year for outdoor ornamentals. Has limited effect on beneficial insects, particularly predatory mites and can

be used in ipm programs employing beneficial insects. Highly active on mite eggs and early or mite stages. Has shown activity and persistence up to 45 days after application. your local Dicofol Kelthane 50 WSP European red mite, six-spotted mite, twospotted spider mite; nursery; applicators (applicators using this product for agricultural uses only) must be in enclosed cabs or extension cockpits. Do not make more than two applications per crop or season. Resistance management: As a general rule, the utility of Kelthane 50WSP can be maintained office. indefinitely by rotating use of Kelthane 50WSP with miticides with different modes of action and by limiting the number of applications of Kelthane 50WSP to an average of one per season. If two applications are made in a single growing season, no application should be made during the following year. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 53

Table 16. Mites, Spider (Acari: Tetranychidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Etoxazole Tetrasan 5 WDG Controls in egg and nymph stages of growth. Do not apply to poinsettia after bract formation. Resistant management: apply no more than two times per cropping cycle (start to finish for one ornamental crop) or no more than two times per 6 months. Apply second application no sooner than 14 days after the first application. If rapid control (less than 7 Archival days) is required, apply in combination with a contact adulticide.

Fenbutatin-oxide Vendex 50WP Oligonychus mites, twospotted spider mite; apply to foliage only, on chrysanthemums copy: (pre-bloom) and poinsettias (pre-bract). Minor sensitivity observed on: Celosia argentea

(cockscomb), Verbenea hortensis (verbena), Ageratum houstonianum (floss flower), Rosa for sp. (common rose - some varieties, especially Yellow). When daily temperatures at current application averages below 70¡ performance is reduced. Fenpropathrin3 Tame 2.4EC Southern red mite, twospotted spider mite; nursery & shade house; do not use less than a 7 recommendations day re-treatment interval. Hexythiazox Hexygon Nursery; European red mite, southern red mite, twospotted spider mite; for use on orchids follow supplemental labeling. Make only one application per crop cycle or once per year.

Hexygon DF Nursery; European red mite, southern red mite, twospotted spider mite; for use on orchids see follow supplemental labeling. Do not use Plyac or household detergents in tank mix http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu combinations with Hexygon DF. Apply Hexygon DF only once per crop cycle. Lambda-cyhalothrin3 Scimitar GC Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.36 lbs. a.i. (52.4 fl. oz. of concentrate) per acre per year. Methiocarb Mesurol 75-W Mites; nursery; do not apply with oil. or your local extension office. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 54

Table 16. Mites, Spider (Acari: Tetranychidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids AllPro Insecticidal Soap 40% Mites such as rust mite; to achieve enhanced and residual control, use a 1-2% v/v solution of product in combination with recommended products. Tank mixes with products containing chlorothalonil should be avoided as they can cause severe phytotoxicity. If wilting occurs a few hours after application rinse with a clean water spray. Since applications may cause Archival injury to flowers of some plant cultivars, test product on a few flowering plants. copy: Insecticidal Soap 49.52 CF Caution: Do not use on new transplants, newly rooted cuttings, plants stressed by drought,

or when tender new foliage is present. Avoid application when leaf temperature exceeds for 85¡F. Note: Do not use on crown of thorns and test on other euphorbias for phytotoxicity. current Do not use on bleeding heart, lantana, lilies or sweetpeas. Some varieties of azaleas, begonias, camellias, fuschias, gardenias, orchids, and impatiens have shown sensitivity. Do recommendations not apply to poinsettias after bract coloration begins. Test on chrysanthemums for varietal sensitivity and do not apply to open blooms. Do not apply to ornamentals stressed by drought. Test on eugenia and euonymus for varietal and drought sensitivity.

M-Pede Mites such as rust mite; tank mixes with chlorothalonil should be avoided. Potential for see

injury increases on plants stressed by heat, humidity, drought, or insect, mite or disease http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu pressure. Do not apply to very sensitive plants such as: Cherimoya, bleeding heart, or sweetpeas. The following may be sensitive: Crown of thorns and other euphorbia, fuchsia, gardenia, impatiens, Asiatic and oriental lily varieties, lantana, ornamental ivy, poinsettia, redbud, schefflera, zebra plant and some succulents. Flowers of the following may be injured when sprayed: African violet, ageratum, azalea, begonia, camellia, chrysanthemum,

dahlia, geranium, gloxinia, impatiens, lily, marigold, orchid, pansy, petunia, poinsettia bracts, or your rose, salvia, snapdragon, vinca, and zinnia. local Propargite Ornamite Do not use in spray mixes containing oil. extension Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II Mites Silicon Dioxide office. Pyrethrins, Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Mites; apply in intervals of 7 days or less. Cube Resins Pyridaben Sanmite European red mite, southern red mite, tumid mite, twospotted spider mite; maximum seasonal use rate: Do not exceed 21.34 ounces per acre per year. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 55

Table 16. Mites, Spider (Acari: Tetranychidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Refined Petroleum Distillate Saf-T-Side Spray Oil Mites; this insecticide's mode of action is through suffocation of eggs, larvae and nymphs of insects and adults of soft bodied insects. This mode of action necessitates total spray coverage. Bedding plants; do not use in combination with or immediately before or after spraying with fungicides such as captan, oxythioquinox or any product containing sulfur. Archival Also do not use with carbaryl (Sevin) or dimethoate. Do not use with any product whose label recommends the use of no oils. Do not use in combination with NPK foliar fertilizer applications. copy:

Ultra-Fine Oil Caution: Spray no more than 4 consecutive sprays. The frequency of consecutive sprays for should not exceed once every 2 weeks. Early morning applications are recommended. Do current not tank mix with insecticide or miticide whose label indicates that it should not be used with oil. Do not use with captan, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, methiocarb, oxythioquinox, recommendations propargite, or any product containing sulfur. This list is not exhaustive; therefore for products not included in this list consult label for compatibility information. Spinosad Conserve SC For spider mites, label says control is variable and that a non-ionic adjuvant may increase

efficacy. When used in greenhouse or areas of commercial production of herbaceous see

(non-woody) ornamentals in nurseries (including plant propagation beds): Do not apply http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu more than 10 times in a 12-month period per crop regardless of the pest being treated. Because generations of a specific pest may overlap, rotate control products and never apply more than three consecutive applications of Conserve SC or products containing the same a.i. or products with the same mode of action. Except for greenhouses and structures that can be altered to be closed or open, do not reapply within less than 7 days. or

Spiromesifen Judo Shade house & nursery; phytotoxicity has been observed on geranuims (Pelargonium spp.) your and impatiens (Impatiens spp.), it is recommended that Judo not be used on these. local Resistance management: Using Judo in successive miticide applications during the same cropping cycle is not recommended. Do not apply Judo more than four times per season. extension

Tau-Fluvalinate3 Mavrik Aquaflow Repeat applications not more than four times per month at 5-7 day intervals unless office. otherwise noted in use directions. Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted):

Diazinon3 Diazinon 5WB Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to Diazinon Insecticide the plants may occur. Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg.# Nurseries only 5905-248) Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 56

Table 16. Mites, Spider (Acari: Tetranychidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Dimethoate3 5 LB. Dimethoate Mites; nurseries; do not use on ornamental plants not listed or on any ornamental stock AllPro Cygon 2E plants grown as a source of propagation material such as cuttings, layers, root stocks or Dimethoate 267 scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil.

Dimethoate 4 EC Mites; do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience Archival has shown to be safe. Do not use in mixtures containing oil.

Dimethoate 400 Mites; do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience copy: has shown to be safe. Do not use on any ornamental stock plants grown as a source of propagation material, such as cuttings, layers, root stocks, or scions for grafting or budding. for current Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Naled3 Dibrom 8 Emulsive Suppression twospotted spider mite, red mite; spotting, bronzing or localized burning can recommendations occur under certain climatic conditions such as slow drying and high humidity or stress caused by drought or high temperature. Do not spray on ornamental cherries, liquid amber, chrysanthemums or ornamental kale as injury may occur. Propargite Omite 30WS Twospotted spider mite, Pacific spider mite; a total of 3 sprays per year allowed. Do not use

in spray mixes containing oil. see

Refined Petroleum Distillate JMS Stylet-Oil Mites; do not spray wet foliage. Do not spray when freezing temperatures are anticipated http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu within 48 hours of an oil application, above 90¡ F, or when plants are under heat or moisture stress. Do not tank mix with spreader stickers, Nu-Film-P, or Nu-Film-17, highly ionized nutrient spray materials. 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2

Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of or applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. your 3 Some spider mite populations have become resistant to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. Infrequent use may be effective but repeated use may be local ineffective, depending on the history of the target population. extension office. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 57

Table 17. Plant (Lygus) Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Resistance to other chloronicotinyls/neonicotinyls, such as Merit and Marathon, may result Archival in resistance to TriStar. Therefore, to minimize resistance, rotate with other classes of

insecticides. copy: Azadirachtin Azatrol EC Do not exceed 20 grams a.i., 57 oz., of Azatrol per acre. for

Ornazin 3% EC current Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 Naturalis L Do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after application before applying fungicides. recommendations Beauveria bassiana strain GHA Botanigard ES Nursery Mycotrol O Edible flowers only. Bifenthrin BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time see is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Talstar N Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for outdoor Talstar Nursery Flowable applications. Carbaryl AllPro 10% Carbaryl Dust AllPro Carbaryl 4L or

Carbaryl 4L your Carbaryl 80S local

AllPro Carbaryl 50 WP To avoid possible injury to tender foliage, do not apply to wet foliage or when rain or high extension humidity is expected during the next two days. Sevin 80 WSP Application to wet foliage or during periods of high humidity may cause injury to tender Sevin SL foliage. office.

Sevin Brand SL Do not make more than six foliar and two direct applications per year. To avoid possible injury to tender foliage, do not apply to wet foliage or when rain or high humidity is expected during the next two days. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 58

Table 17. Plant (Lygus) Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos Pro 4 Nursery; some varieties of azaleas, camellias, poinsettias, rose bushes, or variegated ivy show varying degrees of phytotoxicity. Duragard ME Tarnished plant bugs; nursery; bedding plants, potted and cut flowers. Direct spray to some open blooms may cause petal drop. Do not spray on kalanchoes. Archival Dursban 50W Nursery

Cyfluthrin Decathlon 20WP copy:

Cyfluthrin & Imidacloprid Discus Nursery; application can not exceed a total of 244 oz. per acre per year for outdoor for

ornamentals grown in beds. On plants with a production cycle of less than one year, current application frequency can not exceed more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant.

On stock plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than one year, recommendations application may not exceed once a year.

Deltamethrin Deltaguard GC 5SC Nursery Fenpropathrin Tame 2.4EC Tarnished plant bug; nursery & shade house; do not use less than a 7 day re-treatment

interval. see

Lambda-cyhalothrin Scimitar GC Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.36 lbs. a.i. (52.4 fl. oz. of concentrate) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu per acre per year. Malathion Atrapa 5E Tarnished plant bug Gowan Malathion 8F Malathion 5 EC Malathion 57% Premium Grade or

Permethrin Ambush 25W Field grown nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per season. your

Marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Application to blooming plants may local cause browning of petals. extension Perm-Up 3.2 EC Field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Permethrin Pro Nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year. office. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 59

Table 17. Plant (Lygus) Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

M-Pede Tank mixes with chlorothalonil should be avoided. Potential for injury increases on plants see stressed by heat, humidity, drought, or insect, mite or disease pressure. Do not apply to very http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu sensitive plants such as: Cherimoya, bleeding heart, or sweetpeas. The following may be sensitive: Crown of thorns and other euphorbia, fuchsia, gardenia, impatiens, Asiatic and oriental lily varieties, lantana, ornamental ivy, poinsettia, redbud, schefflera, zebra plant and some succulents. Flowers of the following may be injured when sprayed: African violet, ageratum, azalea, begonia, camellia, chrysanthemum, dahlia, geranium, gloxinia,

impatiens, lily, marigold, orchid, pansy, petunia, poinsettia bracts, rose, salvia, snapdragon, or vinca, and zinnia. your

Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide EverGreen EC 60-6 Lygus local

Pyrenone Crop Spray extension Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II

Silicon Dioxide office.

Pyrethrins, Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Apply in intervals of 7 days or less. Cube Resins Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 60

Table 17. Plant (Lygus) Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Refined Petroleum Distillate Saf-T-Side Spray Oil This insecticide's mode of action is through suffocation of eggs, larvae and nymphs of insects and adults of soft bodied insects. This mode of action necessitates total spray coverage. Bedding plants; do not use in combination with or immediately before or after spraying with fungicides such as captan, oxythioquinox or any product containing sulfur. Archival Also do not use with carbaryl (Sevin) or dimethoate. Do not use with any product whose label recommends the use of no oils. Do not use in combination with NPK foliar fertilizer applications. copy:

Ultra-Fine Oil Honeylocust plant bug; caution: Spray no more than 4 consecutive sprays. The frequency for of consecutive sprays should not exceed once every 2 weeks. Early morning applications current are recommended. Do not tank mix with insecticide or miticide whose label indicates that it should not be used with oil. Do not use with captan, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, methiocarb, recommendations oxythioquinox, propargite, or any product containing sulfur. This list is not exhaustive; therefore for products not included in this list consult label for compatibility information.

Tau-Fluvalinate Mavrik Aquaflow Repeat applications not more than four times per month at 5-7 day intervals unless see

otherwise noted in use directions. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Thiamethoxam Flagship 25WG Shade house, container & nursery grown; do not exceed 8 oz. per acre per crop or year, which ever is shorter. Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted):

Acephate Acephate Pro 75 Lygus Acephate 97UP or your Address T/O Orthene Turf Tree & Ornamental local

Spray extension Orthene Turf Tree & Ornamental Spray 97 office. Azadirachtin Aza-Direct Do not exceed 57 oz. of Aza-Direct per acre per application. 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 61

Table 18. Shore fly (Diptera: Ephydridae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Products labeled for use on any flower crop: Azadirachtin Azatin XL Ornazin 3% EC

Azatrol EC Diptera; do not exceed 20 grams a.i., 57 oz., of Azatrol per acre. Archival Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 Naturalis L Do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after application before

applying fungicides. copy:

Chlorpyrifos Duragard ME Nursery; bedding plants, potted and cut flowers. Direct spray to some open blooms may for

cause petal drop. Do not spray on kalanchoes. current Cyfluthrin Decathlon 20WP Flies recommendations Diazinon Diazinon 50W (EPA Reg.# Flies (larvae); precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia 100-460-34704) since injury to the plants may occur. Diazinon AG 500 (EPA Reg.# 51036-71)

Diflubenzuron Adept Shade house; do not make more than four applications per crop. Do not apply to see

poinsettias, hibiscus, and Rieger begonia. Do not reuse potting media, which has been http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu treated with Adept. Do not apply to plants grown on capillary water mats. Fenoxycarb Precision Scatella spp.; Container grown or shade house grown; will not control the adult stages of insect pests. Do not exceed a maximum of 30 applications per year for greenhouse use. Applications should not be made to poinsettia after bract formation.

Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids AllPro Insecticidal Soap 40% To achieve enhanced and residual control, use a 1-2% v/v solution of product in or

combination with recommended products. Tank mixes with products containing your

chlorothalonil should be avoided as they can cause severe phytotoxicity. If wilting occurs a local few hours after application rinse with a clean water spray. Since applications may cause injury to flowers of some plant cultivars, test product on a few flowering plants. extension M-Pede Tank mixes with chlorothalonil should be avoided. Potential for injury increases on plants

stressed by heat, humidity, drought, or insect, mite or disease pressure. Do not apply to very office. sensitive plants such as: Cherimoya, bleeding heart, or sweetpeas. The following may be sensitive: Crown of thorns and other euphorbia, fuchsia, gardenia, impatiens, Asiatic and oriental lily varieties, lantana, ornamental ivy, poinsettia, redbud, schefflera, zebra plant and some succulents. Flowers of the following may be injured when sprayed: African violet, ageratum, azalea, begonia, camellia, chrysanthemum, dahlia, geranium, gloxinia, impatiens, lily, marigold, orchid, pansy, petunia, poinsettia bracts, rose, salvia, snapdragon, vinca, and zinnia. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 62

Table 18. Shore fly (Diptera: Ephydridae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide Pyrenone Crop Spray Flies

Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II Flies Silicon Dioxide Archival

Pyriproxyfen Distance IGR For foliar spray application, apply Distance no more than two times per cropping cycle or no

more than two times per 6 months. For sprench application, if a second application is copy: needed, allow a minimum of 21 days between applications. For drench application: Do not for

drench plants more than one time per crop cycle. Phytotoxicity has been observed on salvia current (Salvia spp.), ghost plant (Graptopetalum paraguayense), schefflera (Schefflera spp.),

gardenia (Gardenia spp.), and coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea). It is therefore recommendations recommended that Distance not be used on these plants. Do not apply to poinsettia after bract formation. Steinernema carpocapsae Millenium For fungus gnats and shore flies: Three applications must be applied at 7 day intervals.

1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. see 2

Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc.

Table 19. Slugs & Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Limacidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. or your

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ local Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 extension Products labeled for use on any flower crop:

Iron phosphate Monterey Sluggo-Ag Deroceras reticulatum (field slug); Deroceras laeve (smooth slug); Arion subfuscus (dusky office. slug); Arion circumscriptus (gray garden slug); Arion hortensis (black field slug); Arion rufus (large red slug); Arios ater (large black slug); Limax flavus (spotted garden slug); Limax tenellus (slender slug); Ariolimax columbianus (banana slug); Helix spp.; Helicella spp.; Cepaea spp. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 63

Table 19. Slugs & Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Limacidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Metaldehyde Deadline Bullets Nursery; for best results apply in evening. Deadline M-Ps

Prozap Snail & Slug AG Use only as a baiting treatment ... [Product] should never be applied to dry soil.

Applications should be made following irrigation for best results. Apply any time of the day Archival but evening applications are preferred. Do not re-water for 48 hours after application. Some

slight tip burning has been noticed on extremely tender orchids. For heavily infested copy: greenhouses a second application is recommended 7-10 days following the first application. for current Slug-Fest All Weather Formula Do not apply directly to plants unless prior experience has shown the plant to be tolerant,

however some slight tip burning has been noticed on extremely tender orchids. Thoroughly recommendations water areas to be treated before application. For best results apply in the evening. Methiocarb Mesurol 75-W Nursery; do not apply with oil. Mesurol Pro 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2 Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of see applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu

Table 20. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida. or your Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 local Products labeled for use on any flower crop: extension Abamectin Avid 0.15EC Suppression; do not use for suppression of aphids on roses, chrysanthemum, and gerbera. Phytotoxicity has been observed on Shasta Daisy. office. Acetamiprid TriStar 70 WSP Citrus thrips; do not make more than five applications per year. Do not reapply more than once every 7 days. Do not apply more than 22 water soluble packs per acre (0.55 lb. a.i./acre) per year. Azadirachtin Azatin XL Azatrol EC Do not exceed 20 grams a.i., 57 oz., of Azatrol per acre. Azinphos-methyl Guthion Solupak Nursery stock Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 64

Table 20. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Botanigard ES Nursery Archival Mycotrol O Edible flowers only. copy: Bifenthrin BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time

is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per for acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications. current Talstar N Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for outdoor recommendations Talstar Nursery Flowable applications. Carbaryl AllPro Carbaryl 4L Exposed thrips Carbaryl 4L Carbaryl 80S AllPro Carbaryl 50 WP Exposed thrips; to avoid possible injury to tender foliage, do not apply to wet foliage or see when rain or high humidity is expected during the next two days. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Sevin 80 WSP Exposed thrips; application to wet foliage or during periods of high humidity may cause Sevin SL injury to tender foliage. Chlorpyrifos Duragard ME Nursery; bedding plants, potted and cut flowers. Direct spray to some open blooms may cause petal drop. Do not spray on kalanchoes. or

Dursban 50W Exposed thrips; nursery your

Cyfluthrin Decathlon 20WP local Cyfluthrin & Imidacloprid Discus Suppression; nursery; application can not exceed a total of 244 oz. per acre per year for extension outdoor ornamentals grown in beds. On plants with a production cycle of less than one year, application frequency can not exceed more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant.

On stock plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than one year, office. application may not exceed once a year.

Diazinon Diazinon 50W Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to Diazinon AG 500 (EPA Reg.# the plants may occur. 51036-71) Dinotefuran Safari 20 SG Nursery; suppression; broadcast (foliar) applications can not exceed a total of 2.7 lbs. of product (0.54 lb. a.i.) per acre per year. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 65

Table 20. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Fenoxycarb Precision Container grown or shade house grown; will not control the adult stages of insect pests. Do not exceed a maximum of 30 applications per year for greenhouse use. Applications should not be made to poinsettia after bract formation.

Fenpropathrin Tame 2.4EC Nursery & shade house; do not use less than a 7 day re-treatment interval. Archival Imidacloprid Marathon 1% Granular Suppression; nursery; for outdoor ornamentals grown in beds, applications can not exceed

a total of 40 lbs. per acre per year. On plants with a production cycle of less than 1 year, copy: application is not to exceed a frequency of more than once each 16 weeks for a particular for plant. On stock plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than 1 year, current application may not exceed once a year.

Marathon 60 WP Suppression; nursery; this product is to be applied as a soil treatment only. For outdoor recommendations ornamentals grown in beds applications can not exceed a total of 10.7 oz. (0.4 lbs. Active ingredient) per acre per year. On plants with a production cycle of less than 1 year, application is not to exceed a frequency of more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than 1 year, application may not exceed once a year. see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Marathon II Thrips are suppressed on foliage only, not in buds or flowers. For outdoor ornamentals do not apply more than 1.6 pt. (0.4 lbs. a.i.) per acre per year. Do not apply thru any type of irrigation system. Lambda-cyhalothrin Scimitar GC Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.36 lbs. a.i. (52.4 fl. oz. of concentrate) per acre per year. or

Malathion Atrapa 5E your Gowan Malathion 8 F local Malathion 5 EC

Malathion 57% Premium Grade extension Methiocarb Mesurol 75-W Western flower thrips; nursery; do not apply with oil. office. Novaluron Pedestal Container grown plants; nursery & shade house; do not apply more than once every 30 days. Do not make more than two applications per crop year. Do not apply more than 52 fl. oz. per acre per year per crop. Do not apply to poinsettias. Resistance management: Do not apply in successive applications, use only one application before rotation with other classes of insecticides with different modes of action. Use at least two alternative products between applications of Pedestal. Do not use more than once within each generation cycle. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 66

Table 20. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Permethrin Ambush 25W Citrus thrips; field grown nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per season. Marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Application to blooming plants may cause browning of petals. Ambush Citrus thrips; field grown nursery stock Archival Pounce 25 WP Pounce 3.2 EC copy: Pounce WSB for

Clean Crop Permethrin 3.2 EC Citrus thrips; field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, current dieffenbachia. Application to blooming plants may cause browning of petals. Avoid spraying

chrysanthemum blooms. recommendations Perm-Up 3.2 EC Citrus thrips; field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Permethrin Pro Citrus thrips; nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year. see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 67

Table 20. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids AllPro Insecticidal Soap 40% Exposed thrips; to achieve enhanced and residual control, use a 1-2% v/v solution of product in combination with recommended products. Tank mixes with products containing chlorothalonil should be avoided as they can cause severe phytotoxicity. If wilting occurs a few hours after application rinse with a clean water spray. Since applications may cause Archival injury to flowers of some plant cultivars, test product on a few flowering plants.

Insecticidal Soap 49.52 CF Caution: Do not use on new transplants, newly rooted cuttings, plants stressed by drought, copy: or when tender new foliage is present. Avoid application when leaf temperature exceeds 85¡F. Note: Do not use on crown of thorns and test on other euphorbias for phytotoxicity. for Do not use on bleeding heart, lantana, lilies or sweetpeas. Some varieties of azaleas, current begonias, camellias, fuschias, gardenias, orchids, and impatiens have shown sensitivity. Do not apply to poinsettias after bract coloration begins. Test on chrysanthemums for varietal recommendations sensitivity and do not apply to open blooms. Do not apply to ornamentals stressed by drought. Test on eugenia and euonymus for varietal and drought sensitivity.

M-Pede Blossom & exposed thrips; tank mixes with chlorothalonil should be avoided. Potential for see

dahlia, geranium, gloxinia, impatiens, lily, marigold, orchid, pansy, petunia, poinsettia bracts, or rose, salvia, snapdragon, vinca, and zinnia. your local Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide Pyrenone Crop Spray Pyreth-It extension Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II

Silicon Dioxide office.

Pyrethrins, Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Apply in intervals of 7 days or less. Cube Resins Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 68

Table 20. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Spinosad Conserve SC Exposed thrips; when used in areas of commercial production of herbaceous (non-woody) ornamentals in nurseries (including plant propagation beds): Do not apply more than 10 times in a 12-month period per crop regardless of the pest being treated. Because generations of a specific pest may overlap, rotate control products and never apply more Archival than three consecutive applications of Conserve SC or products containing the same a.i. or products with the same mode of action. Except for structures that can be altered to be closed or open, do not reapply within less than 7 days. copy:

Tau-Fluvalinate Mavrik Aquaflow Repeat applications not more than four times per month at 5-7 day intervals unless for otherwise noted in use directions. current Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted): recommendations

Acephate Acephate Pro 75 Acephate 97UP Address T/O Orthene Turf Tree & Ornamental see Spray Orthene Turf Tree & Ornamental http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Spray 97 Azadirachtin Aza-Direct Do not exceed 57 oz. of Aza-Direct per acre per application. Diazinon Diazinon 5WB Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to Diazinon Insecticide the plants may occur. or your Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg.# Nurseries only. Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia 5905-248) since injury to the plants may occur. local

Dimethoate AllPro Cygon 2E Nurseries; do not use on ornamental plants not listed or on any ornamental stock plants extension Dimethoate 267 grown as a source of propagation material such as cuttings, layers, root stocks or scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. office. Dimethoate 4 EC Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has shown to be safe. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Dimethoate 400 Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has 5 Lb. Dimethoate shown to be safe. Do not use on any ornamental stock plants grown as a source of propagation material, such as cuttings, layers, root stocks, or scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 69

Table 20. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of copy: applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. for current recommendations Table 21. Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 see Products labeled for use on any flower crop: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Abamectin Avid 0.15EC Suppression; do not use for suppression of aphids on roses, chrysanthemum, and gerbera. Phytotoxicity has been observed on Shasta Daisy. Acetamiprid TriStar 70 WSP Citrus thrips; do not make more than five applications per year. Do not reapply more than once every 7 days. Do not apply more than 22 water soluble packs per acre (0.55 lb. a.i./acre) per year. or

Azadirachtin Azatin XL your

Ornazin 3% EC local Azatrol EC Do not exceed 20 grams a.i., 57 oz., of Azatrol per acre. extension Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 Naturalis L Do not tank mix with fungicides. Wait a minimum of 48 hours after application before applying fungicides. office. Beauveria bassiana strain GHA Botanigard 22WP Nursery & shade house Botanigard ES Nursery Bifenthrin BifenthrinPro Multi-Insecticide Nursery & shade house; do not apply if rain is expected whithin 12 hours (or whatever time is necessary for the spray to dry). Maximum rates: Do not apply more than 0.2 lb. a.i. per acre (40 fl. oz.) in a single application or per year for outdoor applications. Talstar N Nursery & shade house; do not apply more than 0.2 lbs. a.i. per acre per year for outdoor Talstar Nursery Flowable applications. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 70

Table 21. Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Buprofezin Talus Insect Growth Regulator Silverleaf whitefly, sweet potato whitefly, greenhouse whitefly, ash whitefly; make no more than two applications per crop per season. To preserve usefulness of Talus, do not make more than two consecutive applications. Prior to subsequent applications, use an alternative chemistry with a different mode of action. Talus belongs to a class of chemicals Archival not previously used as pesticides and not known to be cross-resistant to other classes of insecticides. In addition to inhibiting chitin biosynthesis on the listed insects, Talus supresses oviposition of adults and reduces viability of eggs. copy:

Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos Pro 2 Nursery stock in nurseries. for current Chlorpyrifos Pro 4 Nursery; some varieties of azaleas, camellias, poinsettias, rose bushes, or variegated ivy show varying degrees of phytotoxicity. recommendations Dursban 50W Nursery Clarified Hydrophobic Extract of Triact 70 Test before applying to carnation and the flowers of: Impatiens, fuchsia, hibiscus, and some Neem Oil roses. Most effective when applied early to mid-morning or late afternoon. Cyfluthrin Decathlon 20WP see Diazinon Diazinon 50W Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Diazinon AG 500 (EPA Reg.# the plants may occur. 51036-71) Diflubenzuron Adept Suppression; shade house; do not make more than four applications per crop. Do not apply to poinsettias, hibiscus, and Rieger begonia. Do not reuse potting media, which has been treated with Adept. Do not apply to plants grown on capillary water mats. or

Dimilin 25W Suppression; shade house your

Dimilin SC Suppression; shade house local

Dinotefuran Safari 20 SG Greenhouse, giant, and silverleaf whitefly; nursery; broadcast (foliar) applications can not extension exceed a total of 2.7 lbs. of product (0.54 lb. a.i.) per acre per year.

Endosulfan Endosulfan 3 EC Do not exceed 3.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per year. On chrysanthemums, best results will be office. Endosulfan 50 WP obtained if applied before plants flower. Thionex (Endosulfan) 3 EC Thionex (Endosulfan) 50 WP Fenoxycarb Precision Silverleaf whitefly, sweet potato whitefly, greenhouse whitefly; container grown or shade house grown; will not control the adult stages of insect pests. Do not exceed a maximum of 30 applications per year for greenhouse use. Applications should not be made to poinsettia after bract formation. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 71

Table 21. Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Fenpropathrin Tame 2.4EC Silverleaf/sweetpotato whitefly (includes all instars and transitional stages [pupae]), greenhouse whitefly; nursery & shade house; do not use less than a 7 day re-treatment interval.

Imidacloprid Marathon 1% Granular Nursery; for outdoor ornamentals grown in beds, applications can not exceed a total of 40 Archival lbs. per acre per year. On plants with a production cycle of less than 1 year, application is not to exceed a frequency of more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock copy: plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than 1 year, application may not

exceed once a year. for current Marathon 60 WP Nursery; this product is to be applied as a soil treatment only. For outdoor ornamentals grown in beds applications can not exceed a total of 10.7 oz. (0.4 lbs. Active ingredient) per recommendations acre per year. On plants with a production cycle of less than 1 year, application is not to exceed a frequency of more than once each 16 weeks for a particular plant. On stock plants and woody crops with a production cycle of greater than 1 year, application may not exceed once a year.

Marathon II For outdoor ornamentals do not apply more than 1.6 pt. (0.4 lbs. a.i.) per acre per year. Do see not apply thru any type of irrigation system. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu Malathion Atrapa 5E Gowan Malathion 8F Malathion 5 EC Malathion 57% Premium Grade or

Novaluron Pedestal Container grown plants; nursery & shade house; do not apply more than once every 30 your days. Do not make more than two applications per crop year. Do not apply more than 52 fl. local oz. per acre per year per crop. Do not apply to poinsettias. Resistance management: Do

not apply in successive applications, use only one application before rotation with other extension classes of insecticides with different modes of action. Use at least two alternative products between applications of Pedestal. Do not use more than once within each generation cycle. office. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 72

Table 21. Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Permethrin Ambush 25W Field grown nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lbs. a.i. per acre per season. Marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Application to blooming plants may cause browning of petals.

Ambush Field grown nursery stock Archival Pounce 25 WP Pounce 3.2 EC copy: Pounce WSB

Clean Crop Permethrin 3.2 EC Field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. for current Application to blooming plants may cause browning of petals. Avoid spraying chrysanthemum blooms. recommendations Perm-Up 3.2 EC Field grown nursery stock; marginal leaf burn may occur on: Salvia, dieffenbachia. Permethrin Pro Nursery stock; do not apply more than 2.0 lb. a.i. per acre per year. Potassium Salts of Fatty Acids AllPro Insecticidal Soap 40% To achieve enhanced and residual control, use a 1-2% v/v solution of product in

combination with recommended products. Tank mixes with products containing see chlorothalonil should be avoided as they can cause severe phytotoxicity. If wilting occurs a http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu few hours after application rinse with a clean water spray. Since applications may cause injury to flowers of some plant cultivars, test product on a few flowering plants. Insecticidal Soap 49.52 CF Caution: Do not use on new transplants, newly rooted cuttings, plants stressed by drought, or when tender new foliage is present. Avoid application when leaf temperature exceeds 85¡F. Note: Do not use on crown of thorns and test on other euphorbias for phytotoxicity. Do not use on bleeding heart, lantana, lilies or sweetpeas. Some varieties of azaleas, or your begonias, camellias, fuschias, gardenias, orchids, and impatiens have shown sensitivity. Do not apply to poinsettias after bract coloration begins.Test on chrysanthemums for varietal local

sensitivity and do not apply to open blooms. Do not apply to ornamentals stressed by extension drought. Test on eugenia and euonymus for varietal and drought sensitivity.

M-Pede Tank mixes with chlorothalonil should be avoided. Potential for injury increases on plants office. stressed by heat, humidity, drought, or insect, mite or disease pressure. Do not apply to very sensitive plants such as: Cherimoya, bleeding heart, or sweetpeas. The following may be sensitive: Crown of thorns and other euphorbia, fuchsia, gardenia, impatiens, Asiatic and oriental lily varieties, lantana, ornamental ivy, poinsettia, redbud, schefflera, zebra plant and some succulents. Flowers of the following may be injured when sprayed: African violet, ageratum, azalea, begonia, camellia, chrysanthemum, dahlia, geranium, gloxinia, impatiens, lily, marigold, orchid, pansy, petunia, poinsettia bracts, rose, salvia, snapdragon, vinca, and zinnia. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 73

Table 21. Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Pymetrozine Endeavor For outdoor use, do not apply more than 48 oz. per acre per year. Pyrethrins & Piperonyl Butoxide EverGreen EC 60-6 Pyrenone Crop Spray Pyreth-It Archival Pyrethrins, Piperonyl Butoxide & Diatect Multipurpose Insecticide II

Silicon Dioxide copy:

Pyrethrins, Rotenone & other Pyrellin E.C. Apply in intervals of 7 days or less. for

Cube Resins current Pyridaben Sanmite Maximum seasonal use rate: Do not exceed 21.34 ounces per acre per year. recommendations Pyriproxyfen Distance IGR Silverleaf whitefly, sweet potato whitefly, greenhouse whitefly; for foliar spray application, apply Distance no more than two times per cropping cycle or no more than two times per 6 months. For sprench application, if a second application is needed, allow a minimum of 21 days between applications. For drench application: Do not drench plants more than one

time per crop cycle. Phytotoxicity has been observed on salvia (Salvia spp.), ghost plant see

(Graptopetalum paraguayense), schefflera (Schefflera spp.), gardenia (Gardenia spp.), and http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea). It is therefore recommended that Distance not be used on these plants. Do not apply to poinsettia after bract formation. Refined Petroleum Distillate Saf-T-Side Spray Oil This insecticide's mode of action is through suffocation of eggs, larvae and nymphs of insects and adults of soft bodied insects. This mode of action necessitates total spray coverage. Bedding plants; do not use in combination with or immediately before or after spraying with fungicides such as captan, oxythioquinox or any product containing sulfur. or your Also do not use with carbaryl (Sevin) or dimethoate. Do not use with any product whose label recommends the use of no oils. Do not use in combination with NPK foliar fertilizer local

applications. extension Ultra-Fine Oil Caution: Spray no more than 4 consecutive sprays. The frequency of consecutive sprays should not exceed once every 2 weeks. Early morning applications are recommended. Do office. not tank mix with insecticide or miticide whose label indicates that it should not be used with oil. Do not use with captan, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, methiocarb, oxythioquinox, propargite, or any product containing sulfur. This list is not exhaustive; therefore for products not included in this list consult label for compatibility information. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 74

Table 21. Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Spiromesifen Judo Nymphs & pupal stages; shade house & nursery; phytotoxicity has been observed on geranuims (Pelargonium spp.) and impatiens (Impatiens spp.), it is recommended that Judo not be used on these. Resistance management: Using Judo in successive miticide applications during the same cropping cycle is not recommended. Do not apply Judo more Archival than four times per season. Tau-Fluvalinate Mavrik Aquaflow Repeat applications not more than four times per month at 5-7 day intervals unless copy: otherwise noted in use directions.

Thiamethoxam Flagship 25WG Shade house, container & nursery grown; do not exceed 8 oz. per acre per crop or year, for which ever is shorter. current Products labeled for use on specifically named flower crops (see product label for which crops are permitted): recommendations

Azadirachtin Aza-Direct Do not exceed 57 oz. of Aza-Direct per acre per application. Diazinon Diazinon 5WB Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia since injury to Diazinon Insecticide the plants may occur. see Diazinon AG500 (EPA Reg.# Nurseries only. Precaution: Do not use on ferns, poinsettias, hibiscus, pilea, and gardenia http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu 5905-248) since injury to the plants may occur. Dimethoate AllPro Cygon 2E Nurseries; do not use on ornamental plants not listed or on any ornamental stock plants Dimethoate 267 grown as a source of propagation material such as cuttings, layers, root stocks or scions for grafting or budding. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. Dimethoate 4 EC Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has or

shown to be safe. Do not use in mixtures containing oil. your

Dimethoate 400 Do not use on ornamental plants not listed on this label unless personal experience has local 5 LB. Dimethoate shown to be safe. Do not use on any ornamental stock plants grown as a source of propagation material, such as cuttings, layers, root stocks, or scions for grafting or budding. extension Do not use in mixtures containing oil.

Imidacloprid Provado 1.6 Flowable Edible-leaved and garland chrysanthemum; do not apply more than 18.75 fl.oz. per year as office. foliar sprays, and regardless of formulation or type of application. Do not apply more than 0.5 lbs. a.i. of Admire or Provado per acre per season. For resistance management foliar applications following soil application of Admire in the same crop is not recommended. Naled Dibrom 8 Emulsive Adults; spotting, bronzing or localized burning can occur under certain climatic conditions such as slow drying and high humidity or stress caused by drought or high temperature. Do not spray on ornamental cherries, liquid amber, chrysanthemums or ornamental kale as injury may occur. Insect and Mite Management Suggestions on Commercial Field and Shade House-Grown Flower.... 75

Table 21. Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) control measures available to commercial flower producers in Florida.

Common/Chemical Trade Name/ Name Formulation1 Notes from Label2 Refined Petroleum Distillate JMS Stylet-Oil Do not spray wet foliage. Do not spray when freezing temperatures are anticipated within 48 hours of an oil application, above 90¡ F, or when plants are under heat or moisture stress. Do not tank mix with spreader stickers, Nu-Film-P, or Nu-Film-17, highly ionized nutrient spray materials. Archival 1 Usually only one example of each formulation is given. There may be other products available that are as effective as those listed. 2

Notes are taken from product labels and restrict use to the condition indicated (suppression, beet armyworm, exposed thrips, etc.), limit number or patterns of copy: applications, provide phytotoxicity precautions, etc. for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.