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CHAPTER 8

FACTORS AFFECTING MULGARA OCCURRENCES, AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

Factors affecting mulgara occurrences The original questions posed in this thesis were aimed at developing an understanding of the distributional status of mulgaras and at identifying the major factors determining their survival and management requirements.

The four principal questions were:

1. Have mulgaras declined in distribution or abundance over time?

2. Is the current recognition of two sub-species correct?

3. If the mulgara has declined in distribution, is it due to the restriction of populations to limited habitats, or identifiable threat processes?

4. What management recommendations can be made to protect and enhance existing populations?

This chapter provides a synthesis of the research results by addressing each of these principal questions.

1.0 Have mulgara declined in distribution or abundance over time? The combination, of Aboriginal knowledge, historical records and current records makes it clear that mulgaras (and ampurtas) have declined in distribution since European settlement. This decline has been predominantly from the southern, eastern and far western portions of their combined range. The BIOCLIM prediction for suitable and marginal habitat based on climatic conditions shows that a major portion of the distributional decline of mulgaras has occurred within climatically marginal habitats.

The most extensive decline in mulgara distribute on has occurred in the southern and eastern portions of the original distribution, following a similar pattern to many other CWR species. Burbidge and McKenzie (1989) round that broad climatic patterns rather than habitat destruction correlated with most of the observed pattern of extinction and decline in CWR species. They identified a strong relationship between rainfall and their faunal attrition index (1989, 61) and in Western Australia, found that 92% of the CWR species persisted only in the wetter parts of their range; which for arid zone species is located to the north. Burbidge and McKenzie (1989) suggested that mulgaras did not fit this pattern as they had remnant populations scattered throughout their former range. However, I would argue that mulgara have declined in

153

the drier, more marginal climatic areas to the south and that they do indeed fit the model proposed by Burbidge and McKenzie.

During the study only three persistent populations were confirmed for mulgaras and no persistent populations were confirmed for ampurtas. Contemporary mulgara records from Western Australia and the Northern Territory imply a patchy but widespread distribution in the north and west, but the lack of records from South Australia suggest that they have become locally extinct in the southern parts of their former range. The Uluru. National Park/Yulara population is the southernmost persistent population. The estimated size of this, the largest currently known populations, is only around 150 animals (Masters pers. comm.). It appears, therefore, that there has been a decline in abundance of mulgaras across their range and particularly in the south. Records of ampurtas are limited and the one population thought to be persistent has recently dramatically declined (Dickman pers. comm.). Comparison with historical records and comments by Finlayson (1961) and Wood-Jones (1923) suggests that ampurtas are much less abundant than they were historically and that the viability of the species is potentially under serious threat.

2.0 Is the current recognition of two sub-species correct? The use of molecular genetic techniques has indicated that the currently recognised sub-species warrant recognition as two discrete species, potentially, D. cristicauda and D. hillieri. In addition, preliminary DNA profiles indicate that there may be within- species variation in the D. cristicauda from Weitern Australia and the Northern Territory, but that they are firmly within the same species.

The separation of ampurtas (D. hillier° as a separate species focuses attention on the distribution and status of the two species. It appears that mulgaras (D. cristicauda) still occur across the central and northern portion oi'their original range, however ampurtas are currently known from only scattered records and only one persistent population which has drastically declined in the past 2 years.

3.0 If the mulgara has declined in distribution, is it due to the restriction of populations to limited habitats or other threatening processes?

Consideration of the distribution of individual opulations showed that both the Uluru National Park/Yulara and Sangster's Bore populations were restricted, at least during dry periods, to identifiable core habitats and that they were capable of expanding into secondary habitats during good seasons. The limited distribution of mulgaras at Kintore also appeared to support the concept of persistent core populations. Within these core habitats the mulgara populations were not uniformly distributed, but appeared to move around or utilise different parts of the habitat over time. The persistent populations identified do not appear to be very large with the Uluru National Park/Yulara population. 154

Of the other sites studied, Central Mt Wedge Station, N.T., Collier Range National Park, W.A., and possibly Andado Station, N.T., could potentially be supporting persistent populations. However, longer term research would be required for verification. The remaining populations investigated did not appear to be persistent, and were possibly dispersed animals from persistent populations located somewhere in the vicinity.

During this study mulgaras were located across habitat types ranging from the T pungens dominated sandy rises, through to laterite slopes supporting T basedowii steppe amidst open mulga woodlands with no u aderstorey. Further, ampurtas occupied tall parallel dune systems in the Simpson Desert This diversity of habitat usage reflects the range of habitats reported historically by Spencer (1896), Finlayson (1961), Wood-Jones (1923, 1949) and others, with the exception of the saltbush and bluebush plains. It seems, at first, that mulgaras readily occupy a range of habitat types; however, a closer investigation of these apparently diverse habitats indicates that there are actually a number of common attributes within them that the mulgaras are selecting. If the appropriate combination of these habitat criteria were met, then the other habitat parameters such as the presence of some laterite strew on the soil surface did not appear to affect the mulgara's habitat selection.

These preferred habitat attributes were:

• heavier sandy soils, i.e. clayey sand and sariO, loam soils; • preference for T basedowii where present, otherwise hummock-form of T. pungens; • spinifex hummocks that were compact with clear open ground between hummocks; • presence of paleodrainage influence or ran on from topographic features; • presence of shrub or tree layer (suggesting ground water influence); • mature but not senescent spinifex dependent on appropriate fire regimes.

Mulgaras (and ampurtas) are not found wherever there are one or two of these habitat attributes, rather it seems that the sum of these attributes identifies particular segments of the broader landscape as suitable for mulgaras. The selection of micro-habitats by mulgaras was highlighted by the fact that the mulgara populations were not utilising all the available spinifex habitats within their range but were restricting themselves to areas which met specific requirements such as those outlined above (at least during dry periods). Morton et al. (1995, p 11) defined an ecological refuge as a region in which certain types or suites of organisms are able to persist during a period in which most of the original geographic range becomes uninhabitable because of unsuitable climatic conditions, e.g. drought, flooding or biologically driven collapses in food supply. My research suggests that mulgaras are reliant on such refuges to maintain the viability of their populations and that the habitat attributes identified by this study are important factors in identifying these refuges.

The influence of additional moisture through the presence of drainage systems or other topographical features appeared to be an important criterion in mulgara core habitat selection as indicated by the Uluru National Park and Sangster's Bore populations. 155

Unfortunately at many of the sites studied this relationship between mulgaras and presence of paleodrainage or drainage influences was not able to be tested due to lack of the appropriate data or techniques. However, it could be inferred through the topography and hydrogeological information available from other sources. Morton (1990) noted that refuges or core habitats were often associated with regions of topographic diversity or containing paleodrainage systems which provide enhanced moisture and fertility. He also suggested that these relationships appeared more pronounced in the northern half of the arid zone.

Beard (1973) described an intricate pattern of pal eodrainage systems underlying vast areas of the arid zone in Western Australia, and similar systems have been identified in the Northern Territory, particularly in the north-west (Stewart 1982; Jacobson, 1988; Jacobson et al., 1988; Domahidy, 1990). If, as I propose, paleodrainage systems are an important component of mulgara refugia, then the presence of higher numbers of potential refiige habitats within the north and western parts of the arid zone could explain why mulgaras appear to be more common and widespread in this part of their geographical range.

3.1 Threatening processes Burbidge and McKenzie (1989) argued that the carrying capacity of arid environments was variable due to the unpredictability of local r ainfall, and that a reduced carrying capacity of these environments made CWR species vulnerable to local extinction. Friend (1987) documented the effect of habitat fragmentation on the numbat and reported instances of populations of arid zone mammals suffering population declines in droughts with subsequent recovery after good rainfall. These factors also have a bearing on the stability of mulgara populations.

Fire was one of the primary factors determining habitat suitability. Mulgaras showed a strong preference for a dynamic spinifex community, where fire played a major part in providing suitable growth forms of spinifex. The tolerance for variable percentage ground cover of spinifex was high; however, mulgaras appeared particular in their requirements for appropriately aged spinifex communities. Thus the absence of fire, large scale wildfires or too frequent fires could have major detrimental affects on the viability of individual mulgara populations. While fire is therefore a natural and required part of the mulgara's existence, it beco-nes one of the major threats if inappropriately managed. Populations confined 1 o core habitat during dry periods are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss through fire. For example, the Uluru National Park/Yulara population might be destroyed by a single summer wildfire burning through the Yulara lease area.

The impact of introduced predators and herbivores on mulgaras was considered during the study. There appeared to be a positive spatial relationship between mulgaras and dingoes, but no significant associations with other predators. The positive relationship with dingoes may potentially be related to dingoes impacting on cats and foxes in certain areas, thereby reducing the overall predation of and competition with mulgaras (Flannery, 994). The impact of baiting and shooting programs in W.A. and at Sangster's Bore would have influenced the predator/ mulgara relationships; however, the study was too broadly based to draw conclusions on the details of these 1 56 to be no significant impact on mulgaras from stock or rabbits even when they appeared to be substantially degrading the habitat. There may have been an effect such as reduced carrying capacity for mulgaras; however, the study was too short in duration to be able to substantiate this.

Under un-exceptional circumstances, introduced predators and herbivores did not appear to be a determining factor in mulgara persistence. During droughts or unusual circumstances, however, they may apply pressure, particularly to restricted populations. Historically, introduced predators and herbivores may have played a greater role in the demise of mulgaras, particularly in the south. These regions no longer support mulgaras, and it is possible that a combination of drought, high grazing pressure, especially in the saltbush and bluebush habitats, high predator numbers and a climatically marginal habitat were responsible for the demise of mulgaras from this region.

Dickman (pers. comm.) believes that foxes have been responsible for the demise of the ampurta population at Ethabuka Station in Queensland. This occurred after foxes moved into the area following a plague of R. villossishnus. When the rat numbers dropped, the foxes apparently switched to include ampurtas in their diet and the ampurta population rapidly declined. This occurrence appears to have been in response to unusual conditions. Foxes were apparently never seen on the Station prior to this event, and the sudden arrival of an effective new predator may have been an intolerable pressure on the ampurta population.

The lack of impact by introduced predators found in my study agrees with the findings of Burbidge and McKenzie (1989) and Kinnear et al. (1988), who believed that predators may figure strongly in the continued recline or local extinction of remnant populations, but were unlikely to be the principal causes initiating the decline.

The process most threatening to the stability and persistence of mulgara and ampurta populations found in my study was the potential loss of refuges, particularly through inappropriate fire regimes. The lack of fire, large scale wildfires or too frequent fires within a refuge habitat may not only remove available habitat but also potentially allow secondary factors such as predation and compel ition to become more threatening. The other major threats are the loss of habitat through developments of towns, tourism activities and mining activities and increased numbers of domestic and feral cats and dogs. The potential habitat loss through developments is not only in terms of spinifex removal but also in their requirement for access to ground water supplies. Most major developments in the arid zone are dependent on the use of ground water, and little study has been done on the sustainable use of such water supplies, particularly in regard to maintenance of the productivity of the surrounding habitats.

Morton et al. (1995) identified the drawdown of artesian waters as a substantial management problem but focussed on the capping of bores. I believe the issue is a broader one, particularly where developments and refuge habitats overlap such as in Uluru National Park and theYulara lease area. Paleodrainage systems are of economic significance both in terms of potential water su pplies, where channel-confined sands are potentially useful aquifers, and also through containing large volumes of sediments 157 that may contain minerals such as gold and uranium (Graaff et al., 1977; Pitt, 1980). There is potential for refuge habitat to be lost through over-use of the underlying aquifers, and at this stage we still do not understand the actual process through which mulgaras benefit from the presence of sub-surface aquifers. Research is required into these aspects if we are to ensure the maintenance of these refuge habitats whilst providing water resources for human requirements.

4.0 Management Recommendations

4.1 Locating refuges or core habitat One of the most difficult issues to resolve has be en how to locate persistent populations across the vast area of potential distribution of mulgaras and ampurtas. if, as proposed, hydrogeology is one of the key factors, then locating areas of paleodrainage systems and drainage systems that support the appropriate vegetation and soil requirements maybe the key to mapping potential refugia.

The land surface of arid Australia in many areas is underlain by a massive system of internal paleodrainages and surface-expressed ephemeral creeks and rivers which discharge into saltlake systems. Many of these saltlakes form partly interconnected strings of both saline and freshwater lakes, which in a few cases can be traced for hundreds of kilometres (Graaff et al., 1977; Pitt ,1980). Some of these drainages are easy to see through changes in vegetation but 01 hers are not readily identifiable on the surface as they are well covered by aeolian sands (Beard, 1973; Graaffet al., 1977)

The paleodrainage systems in arid Western Australia have been mapped and described by Beard (1973) and Graaff et al. (1977) based on aerial photography and interpretation of changes in vegetation and include a number of significant systems such as those underlying the Great Sandy, Gibson and Great Victoria Deserts (Fig. 47). Several authors (e.g. Jacobson, 1988; Jacobson et al., 1988; Stewart 1982, 1988; NT PAWA, 1990) have mapped and described paleodrainage and aquifer systems in parts of the Northern Territory. Areas in the north of the Territory are particularly affected, with a number of major drainage basins in close proximity. Pitt (1980) outlined the paleodrainage systems present in western South Australia and described their ready detection using Landsat imagery.

The importance of refugia based on persistent moisture and productivity in extreme climatic conditions has been recognised by numerous authors (e.g. Crawford and Gosz, 1982; Stafford Smith and Morton,1988; Morton, 1990, Morton et a/.,1995 and Griffin and Pearce, 1995). I believe that the data presented in this thesis support the proposition that there is an association between mulgaras and refuge habitats based on paleodrainage arid surface drainages which support the appropriate soil types and spinifex communities. Finding these locations will be crucial to the management of persistent rnulgara populations within the arid z one.

158

4.2 Techniques for locating refuge habitats Griffin and Pearce (1995) tested a technique for locating refuge habitats by identifying areas of sustained greenness on Landsat imagery. They noted that areas with reliable water were more highly productive than drier areas and maintained a high level of

Figure 47: Paleodrainage systems in Western Australia (Graaff et al., 1977)

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greenness relative to the drier regions. Griffin and Pearce (1995) noted that trying to locate these potential refuges by searching on the ground is time-consuming and expensive and have proposed the alternative opt on of analysing Landsat imagery for sustained greenness to identify these areas.

By comparing levels of greenness in Landsat images that were taken during dry periods and wet periods, Griffin and Pearce (1995) were able to identify areas that carried high levels of greenness in both dry and wet seasons, and they proposed that these were the areas most likely to offer refuge to mammal species during droughts. For example, the paleodrainage systems buried by aeolian sands to the north and south of the Ooraminna Ranges in the N.T. showed persistent areas of greenness. They recommended that this technique could be used to locate potential refuge habitats for species by locating all known localities in dry periods and examining the greenness values for those areas. Searches for suitable climate, substrate, vegetation and sustained greenness could then be made to locate habitats which may support persistent populations (Griffin and Pearce, 1995).

This methodology could be readily applied to malgara and ampurta populations. The approach of mapping mulgara population over paleodrainages has been successfully used on the Uluru National Park/Yulara population; however, this technique relied on the availability of detailed mapping of drainage systems. Griffin and Pearce's technique is more readily accessible for large areas through the purchasing and processing of Landsat imagery. I believe that this is the way in which persistent mulgara populations could be located in Western Australia, and also potentially for locating ampurta populations in the east. Once potential locations have been identified, ground truthing surveys could be undertaken. This approach would be the most economical approach in terms of time and financial resources.

An example of a potential location could be to the west of the Gibson Desert Nature Reserve where a paleodrainage line crosses from Lake Cobb to Lake Newell. This drainage line is distinguished by accumulations of sand in linear dunes and mixed shrub steppe and desert oak. The desert oaks form groves in the swales and are indicative of the presence of the groundwater table (Beard, [973). Such an area may be a good location to select for a trial, especially considering the recent mulgara records from the Gibson Desert Nature Reserve (Wood pers. comm.) and the Warburton region (Burbidge et al., 1988; Johnson pers. comm.).

4.3 Management of individual populations The persistent core mulgara and ampurta populations appear to be restricted to refuge habitats within the broader spinifex landscapes of the arid zone. The protection of these refuge habitats is critical for any long term management program. The most important factor identified for the protection and management of individual populations was an appropriate fire management regime. To this end, fire management strategies should be prepared for as many of the persistent populations as possible; in the first instance these would include Uluru National Park/Yulara, Sangster's Bore and Kintore. Fire management programs could also be promoted at Central Mt Wedge and 160

Collier Range National Park, in conjunction with further studies to confirm the presence of persistent populations.

The fire management strategies should be based on the patchburning utilised by Aboriginal traditional owners and by Saxon (1984), and should ensure that an array of different age classes of spinifex is available to the population; at the same time protecting the refuge areas from large scale wildfires. Aboriginal traditional owners are ideally placed to implement such strategies at UNP/Yulara and Sangster's Bore, and potentially also at Central Mt Wedge, providing 1 hey are given the appropriate financial and logistical support. Involvement of the landholders is an essential requirement, in that the fire management programs will require an ongoing commitment if the mulgara habitats are to be maintained.

While predators and introduced herbivores do not appear to have a major impact on current mulgara populations, some controls may be required for individual populations in instances such as a sustained drought or a wildfire substantially impacting on the core habitat area. At such times when the mulgara and ampurta populations are restricted to refuge habitats, they may be exposed to additional pressures such as concerted hunting pressure by dingoes, foxes and cats.

4.4 Management priorities The ampurta (D. hillieri) has been proposed to 1 he MMAP review for listing as an Endangered Species, while the mulgara (D. crislicauda) has been recommended to be kept listed as Vulnerable.

It is important that the molecular genetic work, being undertaken by the South Australian Museum, be completed to enable us 1 o fully understand the genetic distinctiveness of these species. That study will lay the ground work for the future management of the two species. It will be important to collect tissue material from animals in the Waekaya Desert, north of the Simpson Desert and within the Simpson Desert in the N.T. and Qld, to clarify the geographic distribution of D. hillieri.

Given the uncertain status of the ampurta populations, highest priority should be placed on locating persistent populations, and ensuring that their habitat requirements and particular threatening processes are underst ood and that an appropriate management strategy be developed.

A number of persistent mulgara populations should be selected for management and appropriate strategies developed. The known populations at Uluru National Park/Yulara, Sangster's Bore and Kintore should be included as three of the populations to be managed in the Northern Territory. If additional resources are available then Central Mt Wedge should be included. Priority should be placed on locating persistent populations in Western Ausi ralia, and suggested locations to commence would be Collier Range National Puk, east of the Gibson Desert Nature Reserve, and along a drainage/paleodrainage system in the Great Sandy Desert, perhaps along the Canning Stock Route towards Balgo. Once several persistent populations have been located and identified, appropriate management strategies 161 should be put in place for these populations. This will necessarily require more research and survey work to locate these populations.

Populations from marginal areas such as the Nullarbor and north-west South Australia appear to be extinct. Reintroduction programs require long term substantial financial and logistical input (Bridgewater and Walton, 1995), and in the first instance resources maybe better utilised in managing the existing populations of ampurtas and mulgaras to prevent further declines.

Aboriginal traditional owners are living in many of the areas where persistent populations of mulgaras and ampurtas either are known or are likely to be located. Given the appropriate funding and infrastructure support, these communities are ideally placed to provide people to undertake the monitoring and management work required to protect these populations. Contract agreements could be negotiated between Aboriginal Communities and Conservation Agencies to undertake much of this work. 162

PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS Mark Adams Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Musem Andrew Chapman W.A. Department of Cor servation and Land Management Pers Christensen W.A. Department of Conservation and Land Management Max Collier Granites Gold Mine, Tanami Highway, N.T. Gary Connell Ecologia Consultants, 165 Walcott St Mt Lawley,W.A. Peter Copley S.A. Department of Environment and Natural Resources Chris Dickman University of Sydney David Gibson Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory Graham Griffin Division of Wildlife and Ecology, CSIRO, Alice Springs Winston Head South Australian Museum Marian Hill c/- Anangu Pitjantjatjara, Umuwa, South Australia Rick How Western Australian Museum Craig James Division of Wildlife and Ecology, CSIRO, Alice Springs Ken Johnston Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory Peter Kendrick W.A. Department of Conservation and Land Management Peter Latz Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory Graham Lightbody Central Land Council, Alice Springs, N.T. Pat Low P.O.Box 309 Broome, W.A. Pip Masters Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, University of Sydney Peter McDonald N.T. Power and Water Authority, Darwin, N.T. Stephen Morton Division of Wildlife and Ecology, CSIRO, Canberra Katherine Moseby c/- S.A. Department of Environment and Natural Resources David Pearson W.A. Department of Conservation and Land Management Sonya Peters P.O.Box 8855, Alice Springs, N.T. Julian Reid Division of Wildlife and Ecology, CSIRO, Canberra Ralf and Chris Schwarz Kintore School, Kintore, N.T. Nick Thieberger Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre, Port Hedland Bob Waudby Central Mt Wedge Station, N.T. Tom Weir Division of Entomology, CSIRO, Canberra Bob and SandyWood P.O.Box 256 Meekathart a, W.A. 163

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Zar, J.H.(1974) Biostatistical analysis. 2nd Ed Prentice-Hall International Editions. APPENDIX 1 - Mulgara locality data

Collation of Museum records (only those with locations), records from literature searches, personal communications and my data.

* Specloc= specimen location, Speenum = Specimen museum number

LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE 18.13 127.39 Halls creek W.A 1920 Glaucrt Glaucri 1933 19.00 125.00 SW Xmas Creek W.A 1993 Lowe P. Lowe pers comm 19.15 129.15 Tanami N.T 1981 Gibson 58.1.2,tracks Gibson, CCNT 19.15 129.25 Tanami N.T 1981 Gibson 59.1.2,tracks Gibson, CCNT 19.15 130.15 Tanami N.T 1981 Gibson 55.1.4,tracks Gibson, CCNT 19.15 132.35 Tanami N.T 1983 Gibson 76.1.2, elliot Gibson, CCNT 19.21 132.34 Tanami Desert N.T 1983 Gibson & Cole NTM U2224 N.T Museum 19.25 129.05 Tanami N.T 1981 Gibson 74.1.2, tracks Gibson 1n n J 1-2-)3c Greet, Swamp N.T 1983 NTM 1 Spec. Gibson & Cole,1992 19.3 123.4 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Rufhid ge et a!. 1988 19.3 124.3 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 19.35 129.05 Tanami N.T 1981 Gibson 75.1.2 BRS, tracks Gibson, CCNT 19.35 129.25 Tanami N.T 1981 Gibson 75.1.2,tracks Gibson, CCNT 19.37 134.11 Tennant Creek N.T 1901 Spencer & Gillan VicM C656 Victorisa Museum 19.39 134.11 Tennant Creek N.T 1901 AusM 2 Spec. Gibson & Cole,1992 19.39 134.11 Tennant Creek N.T 1901 Spencer & Gillen VicM C655 Victoria Museum 19.39 134.11 Tennant Creek N.T 1904 Field J.F. SAMUS m02784 SA Museum 19.39 134.11 Tennant Creek N.T 1905 Field J.F. SAMUS m02785-86 SA Museum 20.00 130.00 Tanami Desert N.T 1975 Dpt Fish&Wildlife VicM C25594 Victoria Museum 20.05 130.05 Tanami N.T 1981 Gibson 59.1.4,scat Gibson, CCNT 20.05 130.15 Tanami N.T 1981 Gibson 68.1.2,track Gibson, CCNT 20.07 130.35 N.T 1981 Johnson K sparse shrub sandplain N.T BRS 20.09 130.15 False smoke Hills N.T 1965 claypan 6mile SE AUSM M8638-40 Australian Museum 20.09 126.41 Well 49Canning W.A 1931 Lipfert 0. WAM M1519 WA Museum

1 LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE 20.09 127.58 Yagga Yagga W.A 1993 Peters S. spinifcx sandplain Peters pers comm 20.10 126.18 Canning S/route W.A 1931 Lipfert O. SA Museum 20.10 126.33 W.A 1950 Aboriginal present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 20.10 129.3 N.T 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et a!. 1988 20.10 136.01 Waekaya Desert 1993 Gibson low laterite rise Gibson, CCNT 20.13 131.09 Tanami Desert N.T 1965 Lindner Refrigerator bore Gibson (1986) 20.15 127.20 W.A 1985 Aboriginal inf. current sign Burbidgc et a!. 1988 20.15 130.05 Tanami N.T 1981 Gibson 76.1.4, tracks Gibson, CCNT 20.15 131.45 Tanami N.T 1983 Gibson 73.1.2; burrow Gibson, CCNT 20.15 131.55 Tanami N.T 1982 Gibson 55.6.2,scat Gibson, CCNT 20.18 131.49 N.T 1984 Shearsby G Sanddune,Tpungens BRS 20.25 133.15 Tanami N.T 1982 Gibson 68.1.2, tracks Gibson, CCNT 20.26 118.59 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et a!. 1988 20.26 126.18 Canning S/route W.A 1931 Lipfert No 47 Well SAMUS M03115-116 SA Museum 20.28 126.03 Canning S/route W.A 1907 Canning A.W. WAM M16032 WA Museum 20.28 126.30 Well 47 Canning W.A 1931 Lipfcrt O. WAM M1515-1518 WA Museum n 7t) 11C,.(l► W A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 20.33 130.21 Granites bore rd N.T 1993 Collier M. sparse spinfex,low scrub CCNT no spccno. CCNT 20.33 130.21 Granites bore rd N.T 1993 Baker L. spinifex s/plain &laterite rise Baker L. data 20.34 130.21 The Granites N.T 1959 Newsome A CAWC NTM238 CCNT 20.34 130.38 Granites bore rd N.T 1985 Morton S.R. Spinifex s/plain, P. schinzii Morton pers conun 20.35 131.35 Tanami N.T 1983 Gibson 75.1.4 BRS code; burrow Gibson, CCNT 20.35 133.25 Tanami N.T 1982 Gibson 41.1.3, day observations Gibson, CCNT 20.38 120.3 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 20.40 126.26 Well 46 Canning W.A 1931 Lipfert 0. WAM M1512-14 WA Museum 20.41 118.49 W.A 1982 Manton Dr. WAM M24134 WA Museum 20.45 124.30 W.A 1950 Aboriginal lid present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 20.45 128.00 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et a!. 1988 20.47 126.10 Well 45 Canning W.A 1943 Buller K. WAM M2641 WA Museum 20.47 126.10 Well 45 Canning W.A 1931 Lipfert 0. WAM M1508 WA Museum 20.47 126.10 Well 45 Canning W.A 1931 Lipfert 0. WAM M1510 WA Museum 20.47 126.10 Well 45 Canning W.A 1931 Lipfert 0. WAM M1509 WA Museum

2 LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE 20.47 126.10 Well 45 Canning W. A 1931 Lipfcrt O. WAM M1511 WA Museum 20.48 126.11 Canning S/route W.A 1931 Lipfcrt 0. No 45 Well SAMUS M03111-14 SAMUS records 20.52 130.23 Sangsters Bore N.T 1982 Jampajinpa Johnson NTM 112222 NT Museum 20.53 130.24 N.T 1986 Gibson D T.pungens, sandplain BRS 20.53 130.2.4 N.T 19R7 Gibson nunaens sandplain BRS 20.53 130.24 Sangsters Bore N.T 1982 NTM 2 specimens Gibson Cole 1992 20.53 130.24 Sangsters Bore N.T 1984 NTM 2 specimens Gibson Cole 1992 20.53 130.24 Sangsters Bore N.T 1984 Gibson D NTM U2218-9 NT Museum 20.53 130.25 Sangsters bore N.T 1991 Baker L. sandy rise on drainage line Baker L. 20.55 130.25 mala site,Tanami N.T 1983 Gibson sandy rise on drainage line Gibson, CCNT 20.56 136.09 Waekaya Desert N.T 1992 Gibson Parson dunefield Gibson, CCNT 20.57 130.30 Refrigerator Well N.T 1976 27km west of QLDMS 1M2311,12,17 Qld Musucm 2L00 125.00 W.A 1950 Aboriginal ma. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 21.00 126.00 W.A 1950 Aboriginal ma. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 21.00 126.30 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 21.00 125.00 Canning S.R. W.A 1907 Canning A. Near MT Romilly WAMUS Pearson, 1990 21.00 125.00 Canning S.R. W.A 1943 Point Massie Pearson, 1990 21.00 125.00 Well 40 Canning W.A 1931 TASMUS A4 Tas.mus.&art gallery 21.01 126.08 Well 44 Canning W.A 1931 Lipfert 0. WAM M1544 WA Museum 21.01 126.08 Well 44 Canning W.A 1931 Lipfert 0. WAM M1506-7 WA Museum 21.02 126.09 Well 44 Canning W.A 1931 SAMUS M03110 SA Museum 21.04 130.45 Refrigerator Well N.T 1975 Woolley P. 27km NW Woolley 1990 21.12 125.59 Canning S/route W.A 1931 Billowaggi No 43 Well SAMUS M03109 SA Museum 21.12 125.58 Well 43 Canning W.A 1931 Lipfert 0. WAM M1505 WA Museum 21.12 125.58 Well 43 Canning W.A 1931 Lipfert 0. WAM M1543 WA Museum 21.15 118.05 W.A 1958 Ealey E. WAM M4268 WA Museum 21.15 128.03 N.T 1950 Aboriginal inf, present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 21.19 125.53 Canning S/route W.A 1931 Guli Tank No 42 Water SAMUS M03108 SA Museum 21.19 125.53 Well 42 Canning W.A 1931 Lipfert 0. WAM M1504 WA Museum 21.28 119.05 W.A 1985 White C. WAM M21244 WA Museum 21.30 125.45 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et a!. 1988 21.30 127.00 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et a!. 1988 21.31 130.55 Chilla Well N.T. 1930 Parker 1973

3 LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE 21.32 133.53 Barrow Creek N.T 1902 Spencer W. Vic.M C5390 Victoria Museum. 21.33 125.05 Well 41 Canning W.A 1931 TASMUS A3 Tas.mus.&art gallery 21.33 12 i,l15 Well 41 Canning WA 1931 Lipfert O. WAM M1503 WA Museum 21.33 125.05 Well 41 Canning W.A 1931 Lipfert O. WAM M1542 WA Museum 21.33 1?5 Canning S/route W.A 1931 Tim No 41 Well SAMUS M03107 SA Museum 21.33 125.51 Canning S/route W.A 1931 Tim No 41 Well SAMUS M03150 SA Museum 21.39 120.07 W.A 1983 Ottway C. WAM M22397 WA Museum 21.40 125.45 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et a!. 1988 21.40 121.35 Nifty Camp,lkmE W.A 1994 Read J. Spinifex swalc Read pers. comm. Moseby pers. comm. 21.40 121.35 Nifty Camp,5kmE W.A 1995 Moseby spinifex swale,50%cov WAM M3456 WA Museum 21.41 119.47 W.A 1959 Douglas AM 21.43 119.24 W.A 1958 York. T. WAM M7185 WA Museum BRS 21.48 129.50 N.T 1984 Gibson D dense spinifex s/plain 21.49 120.16 W.A 1947 WAM M2745 WA Museum 21.50 125.40 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes 1987 21.50 129.43 N.T 1984 Gibson D. Scattered spinifex s/plain BRS Woodstock Stn W.A 1990 How R. old spinifex Kendrick pers comm. 21.50 119.00 22.00 130.46 Mt Singleton N.T 1959 Sharman &Newsome N I M u224()-4i N 1 Museum Baynes 1987 22.00 125.00 W.A 1000 Baynes TASM A5 Tas. mus. & art Gallery 22.00 125.00 Canning S.R W.A 1931 Well 39 22.00 125.03 Canning S/route W.A 1930 Wanda Well 36 SAMUS M03106 SA Museum 22.00 125.00 W.A. 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 22.00 128.00 N.T 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 22.00 128.30 N.T 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 22.00 130.46 Mt Singleton N.T 1959 NT Museum 22.00 127.20 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 22.04 132.06 258kinNNW /VS N.T 1940 \ V A Museum 22.05 131.25 Mt Doreen N.T 1962 Sharman G.B. CSIRO CM12783 CSIRO, Wildlife Collection 22.05 131.25 Mt Doreen N.T 1962 Sharman G.B. CSIRO CM6848 CSIRO, Wildlife Collection 22.05 131.25 Mt Doreen N.T 1962 Sharman G.B. CSIRO CM529 CSIRO, Wildlife Collection 22.08 125.17 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfert O. Well 36 WAM M1541 WA Museum 22.13 125.03 Canning S/route W.A 1930 Minjoo No 35 Well SAMUS m03147-48 SA Museum 22.13 125.03 Canning S/route W.A 1930 Wanda No 36 Well SAMUS m03149 SA Museum

4 LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE 22.13 125.03 Canning S/routc W.A 1930 Minjoo No35 Well SAMUS m03105 SA Museum 22.13 125.03 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfcrt 0. Well 35 WAM M1538-40 WA Museum 12.13 1/5.03 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfcrt a Well 35 WAM M1520 WA Museum 22.13 125.03 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfert 0. Well 35 WAM M1501 WA Museum 1').14 131.47 ynenriumn N. T 1955 Finlayson Finlayson 1961 22.15 132.37 Yuendumu,3kmW N.T 1961 Stephens D CAWC NTM224 CCNT 22.15 124.54 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfcrt 0. Well 34 WAM M1536,7 WA Museum 22.15 124.54 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfcrt 0. Well 34 WAM M1500 WA Museum 22.16 124.54 Canning S/routc W.A 1930 Nibil No 34 Well SAMUS M03146 SA Museum 22.19 130.54 Vaughan Springs N.T 1966 Aitken P.F 3miles east SAMUS M07526-30 SA Museum 22.19 131.07 Vaughan Springs N.T 1980 Johnson K Tanami Desert NTM U2220 NT Museum 22.2 114.60 1000 Baynes Baynes 1987 22.20 121.30 Rudall R. Nat.P. W.A 1988 Thieberger N. Spinifex s/plainadj drainage line Thieberger pers comm 22.2 122.25 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes 1987 22.20 124.40 Well 33 Canning W.A 1930 Lipfcrt 0. WAM M1498 WAM 22.20 124.44 Canning S/routc W.A 1930 Gunawaggi No 33 Well SAMUS m03145 SAMUS records 22.20 124.44 Well 33 Canning W.A 1930 Lipfert 0. WAM M1499 WA Museum 22.20 124.44 Well 33 Canning W.A 1930 Lipfert 0. WAM M1534 WA Museum 22.20 124.44 Well 33 Canning W.A 1930 Lipfert 0. WAM M1535 WA Museum 22.20 124.44 Well 33 Canning W.A 1930 Lipfert 0. WAM M1496 WA Museum 22.20 127.00 W.A 1950 Aboriginal intr. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 22.21 131.28 Mt Doreen stn N.T 1972 Latz Dunlop Tanami Desert NTM U2223 NT Museum 22.21 131.28 Mt Doreen Stn N.T 1000 Smith Owl pellets Gibson, 1986 22.21 124.24 Well 31 Canning W.A 1930 Lipfert 0. WAM M1533 WA Museum 22.25 124.35 Well 32 Canning W.A 1930 Lipfert 0. WAM M1497 WA Museum 22.30 128.15 N.T 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 22.33 123.53 Well 29 Canning W.A 1930 Lipfert 0. WAM NI1529-32 `yVA Museum 22.34 123.53 Canning S/route W.A 1930 No 29 Well SAMUS M03143-44 SA Museum 22.34 123.53 Canning S/routc W.A 1930 No 29 Well SAMUS M03154 SA Museum 22.38 136.48 Tarlton Downs N.T 1956 Mathews J.F. SAMUS M06064 SA Museum 22.38 136.48 Tarlton Range N.T 1956 Finlayson Gibson Cole 1992 22.38 123.45 Well 28 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfcrt 0. WAM M1495 WA Museum 22.38 123.45 Well 28 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfert 0. WAM M1527 WA Museum

5 LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE 22.38 123.45 Well 28 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfert O. WAM M1528 WA Museum 22.38 123.45 Well 28 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfert O. WAM M1525 WA Museum 11 262 123.45 Well 28 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfcrt 0. WAM M1526 WA Museum 22.39 123.45 Canning S/route W.A 1930 No 28 Well SAMUS M03142 SA Museum 22.40 130.32 \\Taite creek N.T 197R NTM 1 specimen Gibson & Cole 1992 22.40 130.32 Waite Creek N.T 1980 Jungarrayi M. Tanana Desert NTM U2221 NT Museum 22.40 136.12 Jervois Station N.T 1930 Parker 1973 22.42 131.49 Yeundumu N.T 1968 Watts C.H.0 48km sth sandy spinifex SAMUS M13907 SA Museum 22.42 131.49 Yucndcmu N.T 1961 NTM 1 specimen Gibson & Cole 1992 22.47 123.38 Well 27 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfcrt O. WAM M1523 WA Museum 22.47 123.38 Well 27 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfcrt O. WAM M1524 WA Museum 22.47 123.38 Well 27 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfert O. WAM M1522 WA Museum 22.48 123.39 Canning S/route W.A 1930 No 27 Well SAMUS M03140-41 SA Museum 22.5 126.36 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 22.52 132.37 A/Springs N.T 1961 Stephens D lOOmiles NW CAWC NTM533 CCNT 22.52 132.37 A/Springs N.T 1961 Stephens DR lOOmiles NW CAWC NTM244-5 CCNT 22.53 126.36 W.A 1985 Aboriginal inf. current Burbidgc et al. 1988 22.54 131.40 C. Mt Wedge Stn N.T 1991 Baker L. s/plain adj salt lake Baker L. Burbidge et al. 1988 22.55 120.5 W.A 1985 Aboriginal inf. current 22.55 123.30 Well 26 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfcrt O. WAM M1521 WA Museum 22.55 126.37 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 Burbidgc et al. 1988 22.55 127.35 W.A 1985 Aboriginal inf. current 22.80 125.17 Well 36 Canning S.R. W.A 1930 Lipfert O. WAM M1502 WA Museum 23.00 123.00 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 Burbidgc et al. 1988 23.00 123.00 W.A 1985 Aboriginal inf. current 23.00 124.00 Canning S/route W.A 1931 SAMUS M03706 SA Museum 23.00 126.00 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 23.09 129.28 Kintorc N.T 1992 Baker L. T. basedowii s/plain Baker L. 23.1 128.55 N.T 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 23.1 128.58 N.T 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 23.1 129.1 N.T 1950 23.11 132.37 A/Springs N.T 1961 Stephens DR lOOmiles NW NTM U2235-39 NT Museum 23.12 131.56 Papunya, 30km W N.T 1966 Woolley P. Woolley 1990

6

LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE 23.14 129.23 Kintorc N.T 1992 Baker L. spinifex sandplain Baker L. 23.15 129.25 N.T 1985 Aboriginal inf. current Burbidgc et al. 1988 23 .15 131.46 Papunya N.T 1961 Stephens DR NTM U2226 NT Museum 23.15 131.48 N.T 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 23.15 131.54 N.T. 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 23.15 131.54 Papunya N.T 1961 NTM 12 specimens Gibson & Cole 1992 23.15 131.54 Papunya N.T 1961 Hargreave K NTM U2232-34 NT Museum 23.15 131.54 Papunya N.T 1966 Woolley P. Gibson & Cole 1992 23.15 131.54 Papunya N.T 1971 Kennedy & McFarlane Kennedy & McFarlane 1971 23.18 131.22 Mt Licbig N.T 1933 AusM M18206-9 Australian Museum 23.18 131.22 Mt Liebig N.T 1933 AusM M18276-7 Australian Museum 23.18 131.22 Mt Licbig N.T 1933 AusM M18394-5 Australian Museum 23.20 129.25 N.T 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 23.30 122.45 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 23.40 132.10 Haasts Bluff N.T 1954 Morrison Sand ridge Fleay D. 1965 23.41 138.27 Ethabuka Dune QLD 1990 Atherton QLDMUS JM4848 Qld Museum 23.42 133.52 A/Springs N.T 1897 Spencer W.B. VicM C5323-335,63 Victoria Museum 23.42 133.52 A/Springs N.T 1897 Spencer W.B. VicM C5386 Victoria Museum 23.42 133.52 A/Springs N.T 1898 Spencer W.B VicM C5376 Victoria Museum 23.42 133.52 A/Springs N.T 1952 Ride D. OXMUS 2 specimens Baynes pers comm 23.46 138.28 Ethabuka Stn QLD 1990 Dickman C. s/dunes,canegrass,spinifex Dickman pers comm 23.47 122.28 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 23.47 137.12 Simpson Desert N.T 1985 Gibson D Canegrass s/dune BRS 23.50 115.00 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes 1987 23.50 130.24 Simpson Desert N.T 1985 Gibson D Canegrass dunecrest Gibson & Cole 1992 23.50 137.15 Simpson Desert N.T 1985 Burbidge et al. 1988 71-02-554 N 6-58-880E Simpson Desert N.T 1995 Masters P. Dune slope, canegrass 18%, TRBA 5% Masters pers comm, CCNT

23.52 130.17 False smoke hills N.T 1965 SAMUS 4 specimens Gibson Cole 1992

23.52 135.17 16k,ENE,Numery N.T 1965 SAMUS 1 specimen Gibson & Cole 1992

23.52 135.17 Numery N.T 1965 10m ENE Numery AusM M8641 Australian Museum

23.55 137.16 N.T 1985 Gibson D canegrassdune,o.grassland BRS

24.00 123.30 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988

7 LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE 24.00 134.00 N.T 1000 Baynes Baynes 1987 24.01 123.05 W.A 1985 Aboriginal inf. current Burbidge et al. 1988 24.03 139.02 Sandringham Stn QLD 1967 Woolley Montara s/dune slope Woolley, 1990 24.03 139.02 Sandringham Stn QLD 1968 Woolley Montara s/dune slope Woolley, 1990 24.03 139.02 Sandringham Stn QLD 1968 Woolley Homestead s/dune slope Woolley 1990 24.03 139.02 Sandringham Stn QLD 1971 Kennedy McFarlane Kennedy McFarlane,1971 24.03 139.04 Sandringham Stn QLD 1967 Woolley P. QLDMUS JM5532 Qld Musuem 24.05 132.15 Arcyonga N.T 1970 Parker Parker 1973 24.05 139.04 Sandringham Stn QLD 1967 Woolley WAM M9671 WA Museum 24.05 139.04 Sandringham Stn QLD 1967 Woolley WAM M9672 WA Museum 24.06 135.50 N.T 1985 Gibson D canegrass dune BRS 24.06 135.50 N.T 1985 Gibson D sanddune, grassland BRS 24.07 136.40 N.T 1985 Gibson D grassland, sanddune BRS 24.07 136.52 N.T 1985 Gibson D grassland,shrubs, s/dune BRS 24.07 136.52 N.T 1985 Gibson D grassland,shrubs, s/dune BRS 24.07 136.52 N.T 1985 Gibson D grassland,shrubs, s/dune BRS 24.10 N.T 198.5 Gibson D grassland s/dune BRS 24.12 136.37 N.T 1985 Gibson D canegrass s/dune, grassland BRS 24.12 136.37 N.T 1985 Gibson D. grassland s/dune BRS 24.15 122.16 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 24.18 112.41 Illamurta N.T 1895 Spencer W.B VicM C5362 Victoria Museum 24.18 132.41 Illamurta N.T 1895 Spencer W.B VicM C5380-1 Victoria Museum 24.18 135.37 N.T 1985 Gibson D canegrass dune BRS 24.20 113.00 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comet 24.2 127.4 W.A 1985 Aboriginal inf. current Burbidge et al. 1988 1 ,1 136.36 N T 1985 rzibson n spinifnv c/clunr. PRS 24.23 120.3 Donkey soak 09km W W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.23 120.7 Snake Well 29.3km N W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.23 136.06 N.T 1985 Gibson D sparse shrubland, s/dune BRS 24.24 136.06 N.T 1985 Gibson D grassland,shrubs, s/dune BRS 24.25 134.52 N.T 1970 Latz P. BRS 24.26 119.41 Collier Range N.P. W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl.

8 LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE

24.26 120.6 23.5 km N Snake Well W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.27 120.7 21.3 km N Snake Well W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.28 120.6 19.2 km N Snake Well W.A 1991 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.29 120.5 18.2 km OF Snake Well W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.30 115.01 Kennedy Range W.A 1995 McKenzie KE2, 38.9kmN Binthalya, red interdune sand Triodia McKenzie N., CALM data 24.31 118.5 Collier Range N.P. W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.31 119.37 21.1 km N Kumarina W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.31 120.4 13.3 km N Snake Well W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.32 120.5 11.1 km N Snake Well W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.32 123.51 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 24.35 126.17 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 24.37 118.4 Collier Range N.P. W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.37 118.41 Collier Range N.P. W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.37 118.41 Collier Range NP.,wcst W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.37 118.43 Collier Range NP 6kmE W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson Baker unpubi. 24.37 135.56 N.T 1985 Gibson D canegrass s/dune,grassland BRS 24.39 118.44 Collier Range N.P. W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.39 118.44 Collier Range N.P. W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.39 120.7 Kulonoski east well 7.5km W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.4 118.42 Collier Range N.P. W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.42 127.59 W.A 1985 Aboriginal ma. current Burbidge et al. 1988 24.44 119.52 18.2kmW ofBeyondie W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.45 120.1 2.5km W Kendenura Hill W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.46 135.20 Andado station N.T 1992 Baker L. canegrass,spinifex s/dune Baker L. data 24.47 119.46 Wonyulgunna Hill W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.5 115 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 24.5 129.05 Docker River N.T 1985 Aboriginal inf. current Burbidge et al. 1988 24.52 119.42 6.5 km ESE Gidgey Well W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.53 119.42 7 km SE Gidgey Well W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 24.53 120.14 Prominent Rangel5kmE W.A 1993 Wood B&S spinifex s/plain with crecklines Wood B S pers comm

9

LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE

24.53 125.01 Gibson Desert Nat. Res. W.A 1994 Wood B & S scat collected, no obvious burrow Wood B & S pers comm 24.55 122.50 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 24.58 119.43 Marymia bore 13.5km N W.A 1993 Baker L. Baker unpubl. 24.58 119.43 Marymia 16km N W.A 1993 Raker L. Baker unpubl. 25.00 115.00 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 25.00 131.00 Uluru Nat. Pk N.T 1971 Kennedy Kennedy& McFarlane, 1971 25.00 131.00 Uluru N.P N.T 1974 Burbidgc el al., 1988 25.00 130.00 Everard-Mann R S.A 1933 Finlayson H. s/plains sill Amadeus sect Finlayson, 1961 25.02 128.18 N.T 1985 Aboriginal inf. current Burbidgc el al. 1988 25.05 124.57 Gibson Desert Nat. Res W.A 1989 Pearson D. 6km SW Young R, spinifex s/plain Pearson D.1990 25.06 119.44 Mary Mia W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl. 25.06 130.14 Armstrong Creek N.T 1992 Baker L. spinifcx sandplain Baker L. data 25.06 119.44 Mary Mia W.A 1993 Baker L. Spinifex steppe on laterite rise Baker L. data 25.07 125.00 Gibson desert W.A 1989 Christensen/Liddelow spinifcx plain WAM M29802 WA Museum 25.07 125.00 Gibson Desert W.A 1989 Christensen/Liddelow spinifex plain WAM M29804 WA Museum s 07 125 00 Gibson Desert W.A 1989 Christensen/Liddelow spinifex plain WAM M29810 WA Museum 25.07 125.00 Gibson Desert W.A 1989 Christensen/Liddelow Spinifex plain WAM ivi2982 I WA Museum 25.1 120.19 Carnarvon Range P.R. W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl 25.1 120.21 Carnarvon Range P.R. W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl 25.10 127.00 Warburton W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 25.10 127.45 Warburton W.A 1985 Aboriginal inf. current Burbidge et al. 1988 25.11 119.38 Marymia mine,site 2 PPP W.A 1993 Baker Connell & Baker unpubl. 25.11 119.38 Marymia mine,site D PPP W.A 1993 Baker Connell & Baker unpubl. 25.11 119.39 Mary Mia W.A 1993 Baker Connell & Baker unpubl. 25.11 119.39 Marymia mine,site E PPP W.A 1993 Baker Connell & Baker unpubl. 25.11 119.39 Marymia mine, site E PPPW.A 1993 Baker Connell & Raker unpubl. 25,11 119.39 Marymia mine, site E PPP W.A 1993 Baker Connell & Baker unpubl. 25.11 120.4 Carnarvon Range P.R W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl 25.11 130.43 UFS site 6 Uluru NP N.T 1989 Reid J. NW Kata Tjuta Reid et al., 1993 25.11 130.58 Uluru N.P. N.T 1990 Baker L. Bus sunset area s/plain Baker L. data 25.11 130.58 UNP1212, Uluru NP N.T 1991 Baker L. Giles st/Lass Hwy s/plain Baker L. data 25.11 130.58 Yulara airport N.T 1990 McQuie A. Spinifex s/plain McQuic pers comm

10

LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE

25.11 119.39 Mary Mia W.A 1993 Baker L. Spinifex steppe on laterite rise Connell & Baker un publ. 25.12 119.37 Battle Mountain,sth No.1 W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl. 25.12 119.37 Battle Mountain,sth No.2 W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl. 25 . 12 120. 22 Carnarvon Range P.R. W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl. 25.12 120.22 Carnarvon Range P.R W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl. 25.12 130.57 UNP113, Uluru NP N.T 1991 Baker Baker unpubl. 25.12 130.57 UNP113 N.T 1991 Baker L. spinifex s/plain Baker L. data 25.12 130.57 UNP128 N.T 1991 Baker L. spinifex s/plain over Baker L. data 25.12 131.55 Uluru N.P. N.T 1975 Woolley P. old Docker R. Road QLDMS JM1443 QLD Museum 25.13 119.37 Battle Mountain, sth No3 W.A 1993 Council Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl. 25.13 119.4 SOUTH 1 W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl. 25.13 130.56 UNP112, Uluru NP NI' 1991 Baker L. spinifex s/plain Baker L. data 25.13 130.58 UNP115,Uluru NP N.T 1991 Baker L. adj. Park boundary Yulara Baker L. 25.14 130.55 UNP111,ULuru NP N.T 1991 Baker L. bore rd. trans. s/plain over drainl Baker L. 25.14 130.58 UNP114,Uluru NP N.T 1991 Baker L. opp. entrance stn P.sch. over drain Baker L. 25.14 130.58 Yulara village N.T 1987 Lee A. spinifex, s/dune BRS 25.14 130.59 UFS site 9 UNP N.1 1989 Reid J. P.schinzi siplaill u►ei- draiilagc Reid el a! !Q91 25.15 130.52 UFS site 10 UNP N.T 1989 Reid J. P.sch/T.bas. over drainage line Reid et al. 1993 25.16 120.36 Carnarvon Range PR W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl. 25.17 130.55 Uluru Nat Park N.T 1987 Masters P. T.basedowii,sand plain BRS 25.17 130.55 Uluru Nat. Park N.T 1987 Masters P. T.basedowii, sandplain BRS 25.17 130.55 Uluru Nat.Park N.T 1990 Masters P. TRBA s/plain Dickman list 25.18 130.58 Uluru N.P. N.T 1966 Woolley P. old sunset, sandy swale Woolley 1990 25.19 130.59 UNP129 N.T 1991 Baker L. UlurulKata Tjuta rd new Baker L. 25.2 119.58 4.5 km W Marymia Stn W.A 1993 Baker Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl. 25.20 117.5 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 25.20 119.00 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 25.20 124.00 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 25.20 130.59 UNP1213, Uluru NP N.T 1991 Baker L. Trans.s/plain bus sunset view Baker L. 25.21 131.02 Uluru N.P N.T 1962 Newsome A NTM U2245 NTM 25.22 127.39 Warnarn Turnoff W.A 1991 Johnson K. Tracks in sand Johnson pers comm 25.24 130.59 UFS site 7 UNP N.T 1989 Reid J. malice over soft spinifex Reid et al. 1993

11

LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECN UM REFERENCE

25.25 130.25 N.T 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 25.25 131.00 N.T 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm

25.25 131.12 Uluru N.P N.T 1991 Baker L. Amata rd burnt s/plain Baker L.

25.43 134.37 Crown Point N.T 1895 Spencer W.B. VicM C5357-8 Vic. Mug. 25.49 119.24 15.5 km SE Jones well. W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl.

25.49 127.41 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988 25.50 125.4 W. A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm

25.50 127.40 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. present in living memory Burbidge et al. 1988

25.55 127.47 W.A 1950 Aboriginal inf. current Burbidge et al. 1988

25.55 134.54 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Spencer W.B. VicM C7923 Vic.Mus.

25.55 134.54 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Spencer W.B VicM C5321-2 Vic. Mus.

25.55 134.54 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Spencer W.B VicM C5336-40 Vic. Mus.

25.55 134.54 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Spencer W.B VicM C5360-1 Vic. Mus.

25.55 134.54 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Spencer W.B VicM C5391-2 Vic. Mus.

25.55 134.54 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Spencer W.B. VicM C5311-20 Vic.Mus.

25.55 134.54 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Spencer W.B. VicM C5387-9 Vic.Mus.

2D.D 1.34.D4 Lnarlotte Waters N.1 1895 Spencer W.B. VicM C5359 Vic. Mus.

25.55 134.54 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Spencer W.B VicM C234 Vic. Mus.

25.55 134.54 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Byrne P. VicM C5371 Vic.Mus.

25.55 134.54 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Spencer W.B VicM C5383-5 Vic. Mus.

25.55 134.54 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Spencer W.B. VicM C5369,72 Vic. Mus.

25.55 134.54 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Spencer W.B. VicM C5370 Vic. Mus.

25.55 134.55 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Spencer W.B Coglin Creek SAMUS m02782-83 SAMUS

25.55 134.55 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Coglin Creek SAMUS m00676,7,8,9 SAMUS

25.55 134.55 Charlotte Waters N.T 1895 Coglin Creek SAMUS m00234 SAMUS

25.55 134.54 Charlotte 'Waters .S.A 1895 Horne W.A. AMNAT 15009 Am. Mus.Nat. Hist. Museum 25.56 119.18 20.5 km S Jones Well W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl. 25.6 119.43 Marymia mine,Kelour 2 W.A 1993 Baker Connell & Baker unpubl. 25.6 119.43 Marymia mine,Kelour 2 W.A 1993 Baker Connell & Baker unpubl. 26 120.8 Cunyu Stn W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson & Baker unpubl. 2.6.00 112.25 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 26.00 113.00 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm

12 LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE

26.00 113.25 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pus comm 26.00 114.00 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 26.00 126.30 Warburton range WA 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 26.00 134.00 NW S.A S.A 1933 Finlayson H. Sect.3633 SAMUS m03691-92 SA Museum 26.00 132.00 Cent. Aust. S.A 1896 Spencer B. SAMUS m02768-74 SA Museum 26.00 135.35 Witjira Nat. Park S.A 1990 ANZSES red s/dune canegrass SAMUS SA Museum 26.00 126.03 W.A Car J.E. WAM M7742 WA Museum 26.00 126.03 W.A Car J.E. WAM M7743 WA Museum 26.00 126.03 W.A Car J.E. WAM M19054 WA Museum 26.01 128.22 S.A 1950 Aboriginal infor, present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 26.01 135.36 Mt Darc S.A 1990 ANZES SAMUS 26.04 128:57 S.A 1950 Aboriginal infor. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 26.05 129.00 S.A 1950 Aboriginal infor. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 26.05 135.35 Witjira National Pk S.A 1990 ANZES SA Museum 26.07 129.12 S.A 1950 Aboriginal infor. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 26.08 126.28 W.A 1978 Green P. WAM M24569 WA Museum II) A 1 A. 26.08 126.28 W.A i978 VY t1 kviub1/4...unt 26.08 126.35 W.A 1950 Aboriginal infor, present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 26.10 130.45 Musgrave R S.A 1933 Tindale/Hackett Petal,Musgrave&Mann R SAMUS M04076 SA Museum 26.10 126.50 Warburton W.A 1979 Burbidgc et al. 1988 26.10 126.50 Warburton range W.A 1971 Kennedy McFarlane Kennedy McFarlane 1971 26.10 129.08 S.A 1950 Aboriginal infor. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 26.11 129.17 Mt Davis S.A 1940 Patterson N. Spinifex s/plain Patterson pers comm 26.11 139.24 Diamantina R. S.A 1932 Finlayson Puttaburra, D.c. hillieri SAMUS M03463 SA Museum 26.11 139.24 Puttuburra S.A 1932 George D.N. D.c. Finlayson, 1935 26.15 131.00 S.A 1950 Aboriginal infor. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 26.17 136.06 Purnie Bore S.A 1992 Baker L. s/dune canegrass/spinifex Baker L. 26.17 136.06 Witjira Nat.Park S.A 1990 ANZSES s/dune,canegrass SAMUS SA Museum 26.20 113.00 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 26.20 128.4 S.A 1950 Aboriginal infor. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 26.20 129.10 S.A 1950 Aboriginal infor. present in living memory Burbidgc et al. 1988 26.21 120.38 W.A 1984 Vincenti D.J. spinifex loam soil WAM M22393 WA Museum

13 LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECN UM REFERENCE

26.3 119.21 34 km SSE Jones Well W.A 1993 Connell Connell, Pearson Baker unpubl. 26.30 131.00 Musgrave Range S.A 1931 Brumby A. Mana/Everard/Musgrave SAMUS M03077(1-9) SA Museum 26.32 131.05 Mt Harriet S.A 1933 Tindale Hackett NW South Aus. SAMUS M04075 SA Museum 76 . 36 125_53 WA 1931 Paine R., Forman WAM M1576 WA 26.36 125.53 W.A 1931 Paine Forman WAM M1586 WA Museum 26.36 125.53 W.A 1931 Paine Forman WAM M1587 WA Museum 26.40 113.25 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 26.44 132.28 Artoonnanna hill S.A 1000 cave deposits,owl pellets Copley et al. 1985 26.52 126.2 W.A 1950 Aboriginal infor. present in living memory Burbidgc et a!. 1988 26.55 117.42 Wilgic Mia W.A 1000 Crawford I.M. Fossil cave deposit WAM Baynes 1984 27.00 117.30 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 27.00 126.00 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 27.00 130.00 SW N.T. N.T 1969 MacMillen Nelson, 1969 27.21 122.46 De La Poer Nat. Reserve WA 1995 Chapman A. very open malice over spinifex plain Chapman pers comm 27.25 120.40 Wanjarri N.Reserve W.A 1991 Connell G. spinifex/mulga interzone slope/plain Connell pers. comm. UWA 27.25 120.40 Wanjarri N.Reserve W.A 1991 Baker L. duneslope, spinifex, tracks Baker L. 27.33 119.14 Barrambie Homestead W.A 1995 Wood B S 1 of 3 active burrows, scat collected Wood B S pers comm 27.45 114.3 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 28.01 138.40 Mungcranic S.A 1922 Nichols B. near Lake Eyre VICMUS C5364 Victoria Museum 28.01 138.40 Mungeranic S.A 1925 Chance H. SAMUS MO2791-92 SA Museum 28.18 125.49 W.A 1950 Aboriginal infor. present in living memory Burbidgc et a!. 1988 28.20 115.25 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 28.20 117.00 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 28.20 120.20 W.A 1000 Baynes baynes pers comm 28.20 123.25 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 28.20 124.00 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 28.21 138.39 Lake Eyre Basin S.A 1932 Mulka SAMUS m03271-78 SA Museum 28.21 138.39 Lake Eyre Basin S.A 1934 Mulka SAMUS m04573 SA Museum 28.21 138.39 Lake Eyre Basin S.A 1905 D.c.hillieri SAMUS Finlayson, 1935 28.21 138.39 Mulka S.A 1932 Aiston G.D. VicMUS C676 Victoria Museum 28.21 138.39 Mulka S.A 1932 Aiston G.D. VicMUS C5355-6 Victoria Museum 28.21 138.39 Mulka S.A 1934 Aiston G.D. VicMUS C256-7 Victoria Museum

14 LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE

28.21 138.39 Mulka S.A 1932 Aiston G. D.c.hillieri Finlayson, 1935 28.36 138.34 Lake Eyre East S.A 1928 Ride D. Killalpininna BM:NH 5.3.28.1 Baynes pers comm 29.20 137.20 Lake Eyre Sth S.A 1966 Mitchell F.J. North of Lake Eyre Sth SAMUS m07531 SA Museum 79.7 119.2 W A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 29.45 129.15 lOOkmNE Forrest S.A 1000 Carlisle A.J. Cave deposits Baynes pers comm 29.5 115.00 W.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 29.55 123.46 Great Vict. Desert NR W.A 1985 Hart R. Open scrub, yellow sand WAM M23366 WA Museum 29.56 123.46 Great Vict. Desert NR W.A 1985 Burbidge et al. 1988 30.00 130.00 Ooldea S.A 1921 Troughton E. Limestone flat,blucbush AUSMUS M4862-66 McKee-zie&Robinson,1987 30.00 130.00 Ooldea S.A 1949 Wood-Jones QLDMUS J3821-2 Qld Museum 30.14 125.20 Rawlinna S.A 1927 Wills W.A. AUSMUS M455-6 McKenzie&Robinson, 1987 30.14 123.41 Queen Vict.Spring NR W.A 1987 Pearson D. 25km NNE of spring Pearson D. 1990 30.14 123.43 W.A 1987 Pearson D. Malice, spinifex s/plain WAM M28016 WA Museum 30.17 128.40 Decoration cave W.A 1000 Lowry J. Cave deposits WAM 68.3.93-106 Baynes 1987 30.27 131.50 Ooldea S.A 1921 East-West Railway AusMUS M 4923 Australian Museum 30.30 131.55 Ooldca S.A 1923 Bolam Sandduncs Woolley, 1990 30.33 130.58 Fisher S.A 1921 Trans Railway AusMUS M4862 Australian Museum 30.33 130.58 Fisher S.A 1921 Trans Railway AusMUS M4863-65 Australian Museum 30.33 130.58 Fisher S.A 1921 Trans Railway AusMUS M4924 Australian Museum 30.33 130.58 Fisher S.A 1921 Trans Railway AusMUS M4866 Australian Museum 30.4 139.10 N. Flinders R. S.A 1000 Baynes Baynes pers comm 30.58 127.04 Lynch cave W.A 1000 Butler H. cave deposits WAM B3228-30 FNO Baynes 30.58 127.04 Lynch cave W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAM 67.10.245-46 Baynes 31.00 142.00 Mootwingee NSW 1000 Ellis M. Cave deposits Ellis (1993) 31.01 125.20 Rawlinna W.A Trans Railway AusM M4355-6 Aust. Mus. 31.02 126.48 15m SW Loongana W.A 1000 Butler H. cave deposits WAM B3232 DaylleS 31.04 125.20 5M S Rawlinna W.A 1000 Marshall K. J. cave deposits WAM 68.5.55-57* Baynes 31.10 127.57 Old Homestead cave W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAM X3 Baynes 31.15 128.29 N140 W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAM X3 Baynes 31.24 128.35 N139 W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAM X2 Baynes 31.26 127.11 N149 W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAM X4 Baynes 31.26 127.52 Sink hole W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAM X4 Baynes

15

LAT. LONG. LOCATION STATE DATE COLLECTOR COMMENTS SPECLOC SPECNUM REFERENCE

31.32 129.06 Warbla Cave S.A 1000 Lowry Cave deposits WAMUS X3 Baynes pers. comm. 31.39 127.26 Horseshoe cave W.A 1000 Archer M. Cave deposit, Nullarbor AMNAT 196366 Am. Mus. Natural History 31.39 127.26 Horseshoe Cave W.A 1000 Archer M. surface deposit QLDMS JM660-667 QLD Museum 31.39 127.26 Horseshoe cave W.A 1000 Archer M. V.abund. in cave deposits WAM X2 Baynes pers. comm 31.40 127.14 Kestrel cavern 1 W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAM X3 Baynes pers. comm 31.40 128.28 Abrakurrie cave W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAM X4 Baynes pers. comm 31.40 128.45 Weebubbie cave W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAMUS X4 Baynes pers. comm 31.41 127.43 Thylacine hole W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAMUS X10 Baynes pers. comm 31.42 128.29 Winbirra cave W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAMUS X2 Baynes pers. comm 31.43 127.01 Firestick cave W.A 1000 Cawthorn cave deposits WAMUS X7 Baynes 1987 31.43 127.14 Mullamullang cave W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAMUS X4 Baynes 1987 31.43 128.29 Kutowala dolinc W.A 1000 Lowry J. cave deposits WAMUS X2 Baynes 1987 31.46 127.48 Webbs cave W.A 1000 Cook cave deposits WAMUS X3 Baynes 1987 31.51 126.44 Dingo cave W.A 1000 Hyslop cave deposits WAMUS X4 Baynes 1987 31.58 125.55 Cocklebiddy cave W.A 1000 Lowry cave deposits WAMUS X9 Bayncs 1987 31,58 127.02 Madura 6ms cave W.A 1000 Cook cave deposits WAMUS X5 Baynes 1987 ^7 ,1 f11 11. CO All A 1 /1/1A VII A A 4-1 TO 1(107 Vl1Y V vy A■ov Bridge. caw, &posits Ä1V3 1/U

32.04 126.02 Murraelelevyn cave W.A 1000 Lowry cave deposits WAMUS X7 Baynes 1987

32.04 126.02 Murraelelevyn cave W.A 1000 Lundelius cave deposits WAMUS X Baynes 1987

32.13 125.53 Telegraph cave W.A 1000 Carlisle A. cave deposits WAMUS X2 Baynes 1987 32.28 123.50 Balladonia station W.A 1000 Thomas common cave deposits WAMUS N.A./ABRS 29 Baynes 1987

32.34 124.47 Twin level cave W.A 1000 Bayncs R. rare cave deposits WAMUS ABRS 33/2 Baynes 1987 34.24 135.34 South Block R S.A 1000 Watts A.J. Rare in cave deposits SAMUS 1000 Bayncs pers comm

16 1

Appendix 2 - Gazeteer for sites within the study areas

referred to in Chapters 6 and 7

Site No. Location of sites within the Sang,sters bore study area 1 Tanami Road, 368km east of the Sangsters bore turnoff 2 Tanami Road,283km east of the Sangsters bore turnoff 3 Tanami Road, 101km east of the Sangsters bore turnoff 4 Tanami Road, 128km east of the Sangsters bore turnoff Transect 1- north/south 5 Sangsters bore access track, 11km east of bore 6 10km north Pip Masters study sitel, i.e. 17km north of CCNT caravan 7 8km north Pip sitel 8 6km north Pip sitel- Sangsters bore 9 4km north Pip sitel 10 2km north Pip sitel, east side of the road 10.1 2km north Pip site 1, west side of the road 11 Pip sitel 7km from camp, west side of the road 11.1 Pip sitel, east side of the road 11.2 Pip sitel, west side track 500m south 11.3 west Pip sitel,walking transect 11.4 west Pip sitel,return transect 12 2km south of Pip sitel adjacent to the lake track turnoff 12.1 2km Swest of Pip sitel, alternate track 13 2.4km south of Pip sitel, TD113 14 3.8km south of Pip sitel, TD111 15 5km south of Pip sitel 16 6km south of Pip sitel 17 8.4km south of Pip sitel 18 10km south of Pip site 1, TD116 Transect 2 - east/west 19 4km west of camp 20 1.6km west of camp 21 2km west Pip site2 22 Pip site2, 3.7km east of CCNT caravan came 23 1km east Pip site2 24 2km east Pip site2 25 3.6km east Pip site2 See sketch map on page 2

Site No. Location of sites along the Granites borefield road study area 1 Tanami Road 20km east of the borefield road turnoff 2 Tanami Road 10km east of the borefield road turnoff 3 2km north along the borefield road 4 3.5km north along the borefield road 5 61cm north along the borefield road 6 8km north along the borefield road 7 10km north along the borefield road 8 201cm north along the borefield road 9 321cm north along the borefield road 2

Tanami Highway

Edge of drainage line

Sangsters / Bore Pip site 1 TM" TD117 TD113 Pip site 2

CCNT caravan TI )118/ JLJ

TD112

Edge of drainage TD114 line

TD 115 TD116

Sangsters Bore sketch map of 1991 Elliot trap sites and P. Masters study sites. Not to scale.

Site no. Location of sites within the Kintore study area 1 Ngutju road 7.7km southeast of the community 2 Ngutju road 11km southeast of the communit) 3 Tjunguriti Road 24.3km west of the community 4 1.8km north of the community on the access r3ad and 0.9km east 5 3.3km north of the community on the access r3ad 6 4.8km north of the community on the access read 7 5.9km north of the community on the access r3ad 8 10km north of the community on the access road 9 Desert bore 12km north of the community 10 Desert bore, 200m east of sitel 11 Desert bore, 400m east of sitel 12 Desert bore,2.11un east of sitel 13 26.5km east of the community on the Alice Springs road 14 36.61un east of the community on the Alice Springs road 15 41.6km east of the community on the Alice Springs road 16 46.6km east of the community on the Alice Springs Road 17 51.6km east of. the community on the Alice Springs Road 17.1 51.6km east of the community on the Alice Springs Road 3

Site no. Location of sites within the Simpson Desert study areas Old Andado Road study area 1.1 1.1 100km north Andado Stn 1.2 1.2 parallel dune east 1.3 1.3 parallel dune east 1.4 1.4 parallel dune east 1.5 1.5 parallel dune east 1.6 1.6 parallel dune west 1.7 1.7 parallel dune west 1.8 1.8 parallel dune west 1.9 1.9 parallel dune west 1.1 1.10 parallel dune west 2 2.0 10km south of sitel 2.1 2.1 12km south of sitel 2.2 2.2 20km south of sitel 2.21 2.2.1 20km south of sitel 2.3 2.3 31km south of sitel 2.4 2.4 36km south of sitel 2.41 2.4.1 36km south of sitel 2.5 2.5 41km south of sitel 3 3.0 52.8km south of sitel 4 4.0 83.4km south of sitel, 7km east of the Andado homestead 5 5.0 Charlotte waters Purnie Bore study area 6 6.0 ANZSES east of sitel6,west of Witjira N.P. 6.1 6.1 ANZSES east of site 16,32km east of Mt Dare 7 7.0 Alkaseltzer bore 90km east of Mt Dare 7.1 7.1 Alkaseltzer bore,90km east of Mt Dare 8 8.0 Purnie Bore,119km east of Mt Dare 8.1 8.1 Purnie Bore,119km east of Mt Dare 8.2 8.2 Purnie Bore,119km east of Mt Dare 8.3 8.3 2km west of Purnie bore, 117km east of M t Dare 8.4 8.4 7km west of Purnie Bore, 112km east of Mt Dare 9 9.0 60km north-west of Purnie Bore on the old Finke Road 10 10 45km north of Mt Dare on the old Finke Road 11 11 73km north of Mt Dare on the old Finke Road

Site No. Location of sites within the Marymia study area (sketch map below) PPP mine site: sites established in approximate grid across mine site P1 PPPG (south west of D) P2 PPPD P3 PPPD1 P4 PPPD1. 1 P5 PPPD2 P6 PPP2 P7 PPPE P8 PPPE 1 P9 PPPE2 P10 PPPF (east of E) P11 PPP north east of E P12 PPP 900M north east of E P13 PPP east of the Pit 4

Site No. Location of sites within the Marymia study areas cont. P14 PPP 600M east of the Pit P15 PPP east of D and G P16 PPP8 P17 PPP adjacent to PPP8 P18 PPP northern slope east of PPP8 P19 PPP west of PPP 8 P20 PPP ridge west of PPP 8 P21 PPP ridge east of PPP 8 P22 PPP further east along the ridge P23 PPP4 Village and current mine area V1 9.7km north of the village V2 10km north of the village V3 8.5km north of the village V4 8,7km north east of the village V5 7.5km north of village V6 6,8km east of the Kelor mine access road V7 Airstrip 8m east of the Kelor mine access road K1 Kelor west of DUMP 1 K2 Kelor west of DUMP 1.1 K3 Kelor west of DUMP 1.2 K4 Kelor west of DUMP 2 K5 Kelor west of DUMP 2 Borefield roads B1 0.7km Borefield Road (from Kelor mine access road) B2 2km Borefield Road B3 4km Borefield Road B4 4.4km Borefield Road B5 6km Borefield Road B6 1 llun Borefield Road B7 16km Borefield Road B8 Borefield Road east of dune 1 at 1.6km B9 Borefield Road east of Dune 1 B10 Borefield Road east of Plain 2 B11 Borefield Road south west of Dune 2 B12 2km Borefield Road east of Dune 3 B13 5km Borefield Road east of Dune 3 B14 Borefield Road, old mallee plain ( 91/2) 5

PPP G Ridgeline PPP PPP F

PPP D PPP E2 PPP 2 PPP E /El

Creekline

PPP mine siteD

PPP 8

Ridgeline ■

Marymia PPP mine site: sketch map of sites survey( d. Not to scale.

Dune 2 Dune 1 Dune 3

16km

11km Plain 2

N Old mallee Borefield Road 6km Kelor Mine

hf to PPP site to Village Marymia borefield: sketch map of tracks from which sites were surveyed. Not to scale.

Site No. Sites surveyed within the Western Australian regional survey (lats./longs. see Appendix 1) 1 3.5 km south-southeast of Jones Well, Doolgunna Stn. 2 5.5 km south-southeast of Jones Well, Doolgunna Stn. 3 15.5 km south-east of Jones Well, Doolgunna Stn. 4 12 km south-southeast of Jones Well, Doolgunna Stn. 5 14km south-southeast of Jones Well, Doolgunna Stn. 6 20.5 km south of Jones Well, Doolgunna Stn. 7 27.5 km south-southeast of Jones Well, Doolgunna Stn. 8 29 km south-southeast of Jones Well, Doolgunna Stn. 9 30 km south-southeast of Jones Well, Doolgunna Stn. 10 47 krn south-southeast of Jones Well, Doolgunna Stn. 6

Site No. Sites surveyed within the Western Australian regional survey (cont.)

11 34 km south-southeast of Jones Well, Doolgunna Stn. 12 8 km east of Judarina Well, Doolgunna Stn. 13 10.4 km east of Judarina Well, Doolgunna Stn. 14 15 km east of Judarina Well, Doolgunna Stn. 15 17.5 km southeast of Juderina Well, Doolgunna Stn. 16 2.5 km west Kendenura Hill, Beyondie Area 17 7.5 km west of Kulonoski East Well, Beyondie Area 18 4.5 east-southeast of No.7 East Well,Beyondie 19 6.2 km east-southeast of No 77 East Well, Beyondie 20 6.7 km east of No. 77 East Well, Beyor die 20A Wire Pool Area, Marymia Stn. 21 3 km northeast of Wire Pool, Marymia Stn. 22 17.6 km east of Yibbie Range 23 2.8 km south of Ten Mile Lake Shoreline On Coolibah Creek 24 Western end of Beyondie Lakes 25 9 km east of Kendenura Hill 26 8.9 km east of Kendenura Hill, 0.5 N Beyondie Lake 27 Near channel between 2 Main Beyondie Lakes 28 500 km west of Lake Well, Beyondie Area. 29 4 km north of Bore Well, Three Rivers Stn 30 2.0 km west of Gidgey West Bore, on fence line, Three Rivers 31 11 km southeast of Box Bluff, Collier Range 32 6 km west of Gidgey West Bore, then 1.2 km south on fence 33 4 km north of Bullbullganna Well, Three Rivers Stn 34 2 km northwest of Bullbullganna Well, Three Rivers Stn 35 4.5 km north-northeast of Spinnifex Well, Mingah Springs Stn 36 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 37 Camarvon Range Proposed Reserve 38 Carvarnvon Range Proposed Reserve 39 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 40 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 41 Camarvon Range Proposed Reserve 42 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 43 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 44 Northwest side of sand patch, Marymia Pastoral Lease 45 0.1 km west on Rabbit Fence, 16 km south on Marymia Rd. 46 2.9 km west on Rabbit Fence, 16 km south on Marymia Rd. 47 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve. 48 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve. 49 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 50 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 51 Camarvon Range Proposed Reserve 52 Camarvon Range Proposed Reserve 53 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 54 Camarvon Range Proposed Reserve 55 Carnarvan Range Proposed Reserve 56 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 57 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 58 South of Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 59 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 60 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 61 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 62 Carnarvon Range Proposed Reserve 63 Cunyu Station 7

Site No. Sites surveyed within the Western Australian regional survey (cont.) 64 Tangadee Track, 3 km east of Ethel Creek, Collier Range N.P. 65 23 km west off Great Northern Hwy/Marymia Turnoff 66 6 km east of Site 64, Collier Range Nat. Pk. 67 9 km east of Site 64, Collier Range Nat.Pk. 68 11 km east of Site 64, Collier Range National Park 69 14 km east of Site 64, Collier Range National Park 70 15.7 km east of Site 64, Collier Range National Park 71 17.1 km east of Site 64, Collier Range National Park 72 20.9 km east of Site 64, Collier Range National Park 73 Collier Range National Park 74 Collier Range National Park 75 Collier Range National Park 76 Collier Range National Park 77 Collier Range National Park 78 Collier Range National Park 79 Collier Range National Park 80 Collier Range National Park (East) 81 27 km east of Edwin River, Collier Range National Park 82 8 km northwest of Beyondie Bluff 83 northwest of Kulonoski Bore 84 Woolbunna Pool 85 East Of Yanneri Well, east of Great Northern Hwy. 86 Collier Range National Park 87 Collier Range N.P. (East) 88 West of Beyondie Bluff 89 Wonyulgunna Hill 90 Wonyulgunna Hill 91 Wonyulgunna Hill 92 Wonyulgunna Hill 93 11.1 km north of Kumarina Roadhouse 94 16.1 km north of Kumarina Roadhouse 95 21.1 km north of Kumarina Roadhouse 96 Wonyulgunna Hill 97 Wonyulgunna Hill 98 Marymia Mine, Waste Dump near Kelour 2 98A Marymia Mine, Waste Dump near Kelour 2 99 Marymia Borefield 13.5 km north Mine Camp 100 Marymia Borefield, 16km north Mine Camp 101 Marymia Mine, Site E PPP 101A Marymia Mine, Site E PPP 101 B Marymia Mine, Downslope southeast o' Site E PPP 102 Marymia Mine, Site 2 PPP 103 Marymia Mine, Site D PPP 104 Battle Mountain, South Number 1 105 Battle Mountain, South Number 2 106 Battle Mountain, South Number 3 107 Battle Mountain, South Number 1 108 4.5 km west of Marymia Stn, Marymia Rd. 109 4.4 km north of Snake Well 110 1 km northeast of Canning Well 111 1.5 km north of Canning Well 112 0.9 km west of Donkey Soak 113 2.8 km east of Donkey Soak 114 19.2 km north of Snake Well 115 13.3 km north of Snake Well 8

Site No. Sites surveyed within the Western Australian regional survey (cont.) 116 18.2 km north of Snake Well, Blackboy Site 117 21.3 km north of Snake Well 118 23.5 krn north of Snake Well 119 30.3 krn north of Snake Well 120 29.3 krn north of Of Snake Well 121 11.1 km north of Snake Well 122 18.2 krn west of Beyondie Hstd T/O, Beyondie-Kumarina Rd 123 2.5 km southeast of Sturt Pea Bore, Marymia Rd 124 7 km southeast of Gidgey Well 125 9 km west of Marymia Homestead, Marymia Rd 126 6.5 km east-southeast of Gidgey Well 127 4.2 km northeast of Gidgey Well 128 1.6 km east of Bald Hill Homestead