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AUSTRALIAN MAMMALS BIOLOGY AND CAPTIVE MANAGEMENT Stephen Jackson © CSIRO 2003 All rights reserved. Except under the conditions described in the Australian Copyright Act 1968 and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, duplicating or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Contact CSIRO PUBLISHING for all permission requests. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Jackson, Stephen M. Australian mammals: Biology and captive management Bibliography. ISBN 0 643 06635 7. 1. Mammals – Australia. 2. Captive mammals. I. Title. 599.0994 Available from CSIRO PUBLISHING 150 Oxford Street (PO Box 1139) Collingwood VIC 3066 Australia Telephone: +61 3 9662 7666 Local call: 1300 788 000 (Australia only) Fax: +61 3 9662 7555 Email: [email protected] Web site: www.publish.csiro.au Cover photos courtesy Stephen Jackson, Esther Beaton and Nick Alexander Set in Minion and Optima Cover and text design by James Kelly Typeset by Desktop Concepts Pty Ltd Printed in Australia by Ligare REFERENCES reserved. Chapter 1 – Platypus Collins, L.R. (1973) Monotremes and Marsupials: A Reference for Zoological Institutions. Smithsonian Institution Press, rights Austin, M.A. (1997) A Practical Guide to the Successful Washington. All Handrearing of Tasmanian Marsupials. Regal Publications, Collins, G.H., Whittington, R.J. & Canfield, P.J. (1986) Melbourne. Theileria ornithorhynchi Mackerras, 1959 in the platypus, 2003. Beaven, M. (1997) Hand rearing of a juvenile platypus. Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Shaw). Journal of Wildlife Proceedings of the ASZK/ARAZPA Conference. 16–20 March. Diseases 22: 19–24. Auckland Zoo, New Zealand. Connolly, J.H. & Obendorf, D.L. (1998) Distribution, capture CSIRO © Beeh, P. (1995) Piecing together the platypus killer puzzle. Geo and physical characteristics of the platypus Australasia 17(3): 88–98. (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in Tasmania. Australian Bennett, G.F. (1834a) Notes on the natural history and habits of Mammalogy 20: 231–37. the Ornithorhynchus paradoxus, Blum. Transactions of the Connolly, J.H., Obendorf, R.J. & Muir, D.B. (1998) Causes of Zoological Society of London 1834: 229–58. morbidity and mortality in platypus (Ornithorhynchus Management Bennett, G. (1834b) Proceedings of the Zoological Society of anatinus) from Tasmania, with particular reference to London December 9 1834: 141–46. Mucor amphibiorum infection. Australian Mammalogy 20: 177–87. Captive Blumenbach, J.F. (1800) Uber das Schnabelthier (Ornithorhynchus paradoxus) ein neuentdecktes Geschlecht Connolly, J.H., Obendorf, D.L. & Whittington, R.J. (1999) and von Saughieren des funften welttheils. Mag. Neuest. Zust. Haematological, serum biochemical and serological features Naturk. 2: 205–14. of platypuses with and without mycotic granulomatous dermatitis. Australian Veterinary Journal 77: 809–13. Biology Booth, R. (1994) Medicine and husbandry: monotremes, Connolly, J.H., Obendorf, D.L. & Whittington, R.J. (2001) wombats and bandicoots. In D.I. Bryden (Ed.) Wildlife. Mucor amphibiorum infections in the platypus. In A. Martin Proceedings 233. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary & L. Vogelnest (2001) Veterinary conservation biology Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, pp. 395–420. Mammals: wildlife health and management in Australasia. Proceedings Booth, R. (1999) Care and medical management of of International Joint Conference. Taronga Zoo, Sydney monotremes. In D.I. Bryden (Ed.) Wildlife in Australia: Australia. 1–6 July 2001, pp. 253–59. Healthcare and Management. Post Graduate Foundation in De-La-Warr, M. & Serena, M. (1999) Observations of platypus Australian Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, pp. 41–50. Ornithorhynchus anatinus mating behaviour. Victorian Burrell, H. (1927) The Platypus. Rigby Ltd, Adelaide. Naturalist 116: 172–74. Calaby, J.H. (1968) The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) Eadie, R. (1935) The Life and Habits of the Platypus. Stillwell & and its venomous characteristics. In W. Bucherl, E.E. Stephens, Melbourne. Buckley & V. Deulofeu (Eds) Venomous Animals and their Fenner, P.J., Williamson, J.A. & Meyers, D. (1992) Platypus Venoms. Vol. 1. Vertebrates. Academic Press, New York, pp. envenomation – a painful experience. The Medical Journal of 15–29. Australia 157: 829–32. Carrick, F.N., Grant, T.R. & Williams, R. (1982) Platypus Fleay, D. (1944) We Breed the Platypus. Robertson and Mullens, Ornithorhynchus anatinus: its captive maintenance. In D.D. Melbourne. Evans (Ed.) The Management of Australian Mammals in Fleay, D. (1980) Paradoxical Platypus – Hobnobbing with Captivity. Zoological Board of Victoria, Melbourne, pp. Duckbills. Jacaranda Press. 4–12. Gardner, J.L. & Serena, M. (1995) Spatial organisation and Carrick, F.N. (1995) Platypus. In R. Strahan (Ed.) The movement patterns of adult male platypus, Mammals of Australia. Reed Books, Sydney, pp. 36–38. Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Monotremata: References 409 Ornithorhynchidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 43: Echidnas. Royal Zoological Society of NSW, Sydney, pp. 91–103. 80–89. Gibson, R.A., Neumann, M., Grant, T.R. & Griffiths, M. (1988) Grant, T.R. (1995) The Platypus. NSW University Press, Fatty acids of the milk and food of the platypus Kensington. (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Lipids 23: 377–79. Grant, T.R. & Temple-Smith, P.D. (1998a) Field biology of the Gilfedder, L., Whinam, J. & Harris, S. (1992) An observation of platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus): historical and current apparent platypus nesting behaviour. The Tasmanian perspectives. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Naturalist 109: 4. of London 353: 1081–91. Grant, T.R. & Carrick, F.N. (1974) Capture and marking of the Grant, T.R. & Temple-Smith, P.D. (1998b) Growth of nestling platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, in the wild. Australian and juvenile platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Zoologist 18: 133–35. Australian Mammalogy 20: 221–30. Grant, T.R. & Carrick, F.N. (1978) Some aspects of the ecology Grant, T.R. (Ed.)(In press) A Field Guide for Platypus of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. in the upper (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) Capture and Research. reserved. Shoalhaven River, New South Wales. Australian Zoologist 20: Department of Agriculture, Orange. 181–99. Griffiths, M., Green, B., Leckie, R.M.C., Messer, M. & Newgain, rights Grant, T.R. & Dawson, T.J. (1978a) Temperature regulation in K.W. (1984) Constituents of platypus and echidna milk, All the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus: production and with particular reference to the fatty acid complement of the loss of metabolic heat In air and water. Physiological Zoology triglycerides. Australian Journal of Biological Science 37: 2003. 51: 315–32. 323–29. Grant, T.R. & Dawson, T.J. (1978b) Temperature regulation in Grigg, G., Beard, L., Grant, T. & Augee, M. (1992) Body the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus: maintenance of temperature and diurnal activity patterns in the platypus CSIRO (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) during Winter. Australian © body temperature in air and water. Physiological Zoology 51: 1–6. Journal of Zoology 40: 135–42. Grant, T.R. (1983a) The behavioural ecology of monotremes. Gust, N. & Handasyde, K. (1995) Seasonal variation in the In J.F. Eisenberg & D.G. Kleiman (Eds) Advances in the Study ranging behaviour of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus of Mammalian Behaviour. American Society of anatinus) on the Goulburn River, Victoria. Australian Management Mammalogists Special Publication No. 7, pp. 360–94. Journal of Zoology 43: 193–208. Grant, T.R. (1983b) Body temperatures of free ranging Hawkins, M. & Fanning, D. (1992) Courtship and mating platypuses, Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Monotremata) with behaviour of captive platypuses at Taronga Zoo. In M.L. Captive observations on their use of burrows. Australian Journal of Augee (Ed.) Platypus and Echidnas. Royal Zoological Society and Zoology 31: 117–22. of NSW, Sydney, pp. 106–14. Grant, T.R. & Temple-Smith, P.D. (1983) Size, seasonal weight Hawkins, M.R. (1998) Time and space sharing between change and growth in platypuses, Ornithorhynchus anatinus platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in captivity. Biology (Monotremata: Ornithorhynchidae), from rivers and lakes Australian Mammalogy 20: 195–205. of New South Wales. Australian Mammalogy 6: 51–60. Holland, N. & Jackson, S.M. (2002) Reproductive behaviour Grant, T.R., Griffiths, M. & Leckie, R.M.C. (1983) Aspects of and food consumption associated with the captive breeding Mammals: lactation in the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus of platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Journal of Zoology (Monotremata), in waters of eastern New South Wales. (London) 256: 279–88. Australian Journal of Zoology 31: 881–89. International Air Transport Association (IATA) (1999) Live Grant, T.R. & Whittington, R.J. (1991) The use of freeze Animal Regulations. International Air Transport Australian drying-banding and implanted transponder tags as a Association, Montreal. permanent marking method for Platypus, Ornithorhynchus Jackson, P.D. (1979) Survey of fishes in the west branch of the anatinus (Monotremata: Ornithorhynchidae). Australian Tarwin River above Berrys Creek. Victorian Naturalist 97: Mammalogy 14: 147–50. 11–14. Grant T.R. (1992) Captures, movements and dispersal of Jamieson, J. (1818) Extracts from the minute book of the playypuses, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, in the Shoalhaven society. March 18 1817. Poisonous effects of
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  • Ba3444 MAMMAL BOOKLET FINAL.Indd

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    Intot Obliv i The disappearing native mammals of northern Australia Compiled by James Fitzsimons Sarah Legge Barry Traill John Woinarski Into Oblivion? The disappearing native mammals of northern Australia 1 SUMMARY Since European settlement, the deepest loss of Australian biodiversity has been the spate of extinctions of endemic mammals. Historically, these losses occurred mostly in inland and in temperate parts of the country, and largely between 1890 and 1950. A new wave of extinctions is now threatening Australian mammals, this time in northern Australia. Many mammal species are in sharp decline across the north, even in extensive natural areas managed primarily for conservation. The main evidence of this decline comes consistently from two contrasting sources: robust scientifi c monitoring programs and more broad-scale Indigenous knowledge. The main drivers of the mammal decline in northern Australia include inappropriate fi re regimes (too much fi re) and predation by feral cats. Cane Toads are also implicated, particularly to the recent catastrophic decline of the Northern Quoll. Furthermore, some impacts are due to vegetation changes associated with the pastoral industry. Disease could also be a factor, but to date there is little evidence for or against it. Based on current trends, many native mammals will become extinct in northern Australia in the next 10-20 years, and even the largest and most iconic national parks in northern Australia will lose native mammal species. This problem needs to be solved. The fi rst step towards a solution is to recognise the problem, and this publication seeks to alert the Australian community and decision makers to this urgent issue.