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Aboriginal People 70, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83, 88 and Dingoes 21, 51, 61

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Aboriginal People 70, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83, 88 and Dingoes 21, 51, 61 INDEX Aboriginal people 70, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83, 88 Antechinus 250 and dingoes 21, 51, 61, 62, 63, 152, 153, 167 A. agilis 248, 251 hunting efficiency 61 A. flavipes 242 and megafaunal extinction 19–20, 92 A. minimus 244 traditional burning and habitat modification 86 A. spp. 84 Accipiter A. stuartii 246, 247, 249, 392 A. cirrocephalus 284 A. swainsonii 244, 247, 408 A. fasciatus 284 anti-predator behaviours 4 A. gentilis 280 by small dasyurids 248–50, 307 A. novaehollandiae 284 loss of in domestic livestock 333 acoustic repellents 326–7 and susceptibility to predation 115–16 active adaptive management 106, 107 apex predators adaptive management 106–10, 411 beneficial ecological effects 312, 382, 411 capacity building among stakeholders 108–9 conservation 5, 6 strategic management of invasive animals 107–8 impact of removal 2, 200 three types of 106–7, 108 as management tools 408–10 adaptive management of wild canids 106, 107, protection of biodiversity 5, 205 109–10, 134–5 restoration 5, 312–14 control actions/technologies available and as strongly interactive species 302, 308 effectiveness 127–31 translocation to control undesirable species evaluation, review and progression 134 409 implementing 131–2 Apodora 44 issue definition 110–27 apparent competition 303, 304 monitoring 132–4 Aquila setting measurable objectives 127 A. audax 4, 285, 408 subject animals 110–12 A. chrysaetos 409 see also foxes; free-ranging dogs archosaurs 28 Aepyprymnus rufescens 76, 89 Ardeotis australis 89 aerial baiting 128–9, 357 Arid Recovery Reserve, SA, predator African lion 17, 18 enclosure 358–9, 366, 379 aggressive behaviours 4, 5, 303, 308 benefits 361 agile antechinus 248, 249, 251–3 cats, rabbits and foxes excluded 359 agile wallabies 307 impact on metapopulations within broad scale Agropecten irradians 306 restoration 364 Alamitophis 40 landscape-scale restoration 359 alpacas 115 problem of overabundance 365 as guardian animals 130, 337–8, 340 reintroduction of locally extinct threatened Amytornis textilis 87 species 359, 361, 363, 365 An Act for Abating the Nuisance and Damage to Property vegetation 359 Occasioned by the Great Number of Dogs which are aridification of Australian environment 20–1 Loose in the Province of South Australia 1852 ash-grey mouse 181 (SA) 113–14 Asian king cobra 44 Antechinomys Asiatosuchus 29 A. laniger 77, 79, 80 Aspidites ramsayi 306, 365 A. spenceri 81 Atlantic bay scallop 306 416 INDEX 417 Australasian Marsupials and Monotremes Action foxes and feral cats 382 Plan 377 birds Australian bioclimatic zones, interaction webs decline caused by foxes 89–91 in 305 decline and extinctions caused by dingoes 56, Australian bustard 80 60, 309 decline due to foxes 89, 90–1 extinctions 56, 59–60, 73, 87, 176, 309 Australian Endangered Species Protection Act 1992 as strongly interactive 307–8 (Cth) 377 see also avian predators; flightless birds; ground- Australian hobbies 285 nesting birds; raptors Australian kestrels 285 birds of prey 4, 70 Australian tiger snake 45 see also specific birds, e.g. wedge-tailed eagles Australian Wildlife Conservancy 379, 382 black bears 330, 334 conservation sanctuaries 360 black-breasted buzzards 288 Scotia Sanctuary, NSW 359–60 black-footed rock wallabies 84 Australosuchus 29 black grouse 280 Austrelaps superbus 286 black rats 177, 394, 395, 396 aversion conditioning of livestock 329–30 black snakes 286 avian predators 2, 3, 4, 14, 408 blackbird 409 interactions with mammalian and reptilian blacktip shark 306 predators 279 Bluff Downs Local Fauna 44 raptor interactions 4, 284–6, 288 bobcats 284 as strong interactors 307–8 Bolam’s mouse 361 bone-cracking marsupials 3, 16, 308 bald eagles 409 boobook owls 288 bandicoots 13, 83, 176, 180, 224, 264, 359, 392 boodies 359, 362 barn owls 285 bottom-up processes 5, 6, 205 Baru 28, 29, 30 bridled nailtail wallabies 359, 361, 362, 363 basal varanids 31 broad-headed snakes 286–7 bears, non-lethal control 326, 327, 329, 330, 334, 335, bronzewing pigeons 82 336 brown antechinus 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 392 Bennett’s wallaby 214 brown falcons 288 Bettongia brown goshawks 284, 285, 286, 288 B. gaimardi 76, 84 brown snakes 45, 286, 288 B. lesueur 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 87, 359 brush-tailed bettong 264 B. penicillata 75, 77, 81, 82, 83, 87, 89, 93, 264, 355 brush-tailed mulgara 244, 245, 246, 253, 254, 308 B. tropica 77 brush-tailed phascogale 242, 243–4, 249, 250 bettongs 75–7, 264 brush-tailed possums 4, 162, 214, 248, 392–3, 394 bilbies 359, 362, 377–80 Bullock Creek faunas 32, 38, 40, 43, 44 biodiversity Bullockornis planei 2 definition 375 bungarra 264, 268 dingoes maintenance of ix, 1, 5, 53, 60–3, 209, 311, Bungarus 45 405, 406–7, 409 Burhinus grallarius 80, 89 impact of feral cats on 73–5 burrowing bettongs 77 impact of foxes on 5, 73, 126, 133 bush rats 161, 250, 392, 397 maintenance through apex predators 5, 205 bush stone-curlew, decline due to foxes 89, 90 biodiversity conservation, ecological guidance principles 375–7 Calamanthus campestris 87 biodiversity parameters in wild canid Caloprymnus campestris 7 7, 81 management 133 calves, predation on 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, biological control 184, 334 324, 327, 328, 332 418 CARNIVORES OF AUSTRALIA camera traps 133, 178 arrival and spread 70–2, 86, 173–4 cane toads 204, 207, 245, 272, 382, 408 avoidance of foxes and dingoes 283 control 220 biological control 382 ecological impact 306–7, 408 categories of 174–5 Canis coexistence with native species 74, 87 C. dingo see dingoes competition with devils 178 C. latrans 2, 205, 283, 312, 408 competition with foxes 4, 181 C. lupus familiaris 105, 153, 282 competition with quolls 178 C. l. lupus 2, 111, 205, 302, 408 competition with reptiles 263 Canning Stock Route, Great Sandy Desert, WA control of black rats 175 1930–31 79–80 control methods 174, 184–5, 209, 210, 219, 382 native mammals present 79, 80 control of rabbits 3, 72, 75, 78, 80, 175 rabbits, house mouse, and cats 79 densities 271 capacity building among stakeholders, wild canid dietary overlap with foxes 282, 283 management 108–10 dietary overlap with raptors 288 capital breeders 269 dingoes impact on 83, 88, 92, 153, 162, 166, 185, Capra hircus see feral goats; goats 205, 310–11, 324, 359, 405 captive breeding programs 214–15, 373, 376, 382 eradication from Macquarie Island 175, 184 greater bilby 377 fertility control 333, 334 risks associated with 215 home ranges 5, 283 use of free-range enclosures 215 impact on behaviour of native species 4 carcass disposal 333 impact on biodiversity 73–5 Carcharhinus limbatus 306 impact on ecology of Australia 86–8, 200, 301–2, Carettochelys insculpta 272, 307, 408 405 carnassial teeth 18, 153 impact on native fauna 3, 69, 73–5, 77, 79–82, 84, carnivore communities 405 86–8, 91, 93, 173–87, 204, 355, 405 undesired outcomes from inappropriate predator anecdotal evidence 178 control 405, 407 experimental evidence 179–81 carnivore management historical evidence 178–9 apex predators as management tools 408–10 potential evidence 178 balancing carnivore conservation and livestock summary 181–2 protection 410 impact on reintroduced fauna 73, 74, 87, 91, 180–1 managing cats, foxes and wild dogs 406–7 as income breeders 269 predator exclosure role 410 interactions with foxes and dingoes 93, 305, reptilian and avian predator roles 408 406–7 self-sustaining systems 410–11 and island extinctions 179 carnivores managing impact 182–7 direct interactions 302, 303 measuring impact 173–82 indirect interactions 253, 254, 302, 303, 304 poison baiting 184–5 modern-day 3 population increase 70–1 prehistoric 2–3 predation ix, 3, 73, 74, 77, 87–8, 92, 93, 173, 174, strongly interactive species 301–14 175–6, 178–9, 204 carnivorous mammals, size ratio to herbivores 14 on micro-carnivores 247–50 carnivorous marsupials 14 prey selection 179 history 14–16 and quolls 206–7 see also specific groups or species, e.g. western regional case studies 75–84, 263–72 quolls scavenging 284 carnivorous reptiles, of Cenozoic Australia 27–46 size of feral cats 73 cats/feral cats 282 strategic management 186–7 aggression towards chuditch 5 transition from domestic to feral 70 INDEX 419 transmission of disease 174, 175, 178, 221 dominance 250–2, 408 see also domestic cats; stray cats exploitation 280 cattle interference 250, 280, 284, 303, 408 anti-predator behaviour 115 compound 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate) 79, 82, and cost-effectiveness of free-ranging dog 89, 127, 129, 165, 185, 210, 264, 324, 355 control 122, 123 impact on quolls 211–12 diseases, transmitted by wild dogs 118–19 impact on Tasmanian devils 212 economic losses from wild canid predation 120 naturally occurring in Gastrolobium spp. 92, 211 as guardians of sheep and goats 338–9 south-west WA native fauna tolerance 356 move into northern Australian rangelands with conditioned taste aversion 329–30, 340 bore water 116–17 Conilurus albipes 77 predation by free-ranging dogs/wild dogs conservation biology on 115, 117–18, 324 principles 375–6 production, impacts of free-ranging dogs small versus declining population paradigm 376 on 117–18, 121 conservation fencing 210, 216–18, 355–67, 373, 376, replace sheep in rangelands due to predation by 381, 383 wild dogs 116, 324 Arid Recovery, SA 358–9, 361, 365, 366 stock management to reduce predation 331–3 benefits see also calves benefits to other in situ species 361 Central Australia, 1931–1956 80–1 focal points, and research and training foxes, feral cats and rabbits 81 hubs 361 native mammal decline 81 metapopulations within broad-scale central wheat belt, WA, 1860s–1980s
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