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Operation Valkyrie
Operation Valkyrie Rastenburg, 20th July 1944 Claus Philipp Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (Jettingen- Scheppach, 15th November 1907 – Berlin, 21st July 1944) was a German army officer known as one of the leading officers who planned the 20th July 1944 bombing of Hitler’s military headquarters and the resultant attempted coup. As Bryan Singer’s film “Valkyrie”, starring Tom Cruise as the German officer von Stauffenberg, will be released by the end of December, SCALA is glad to present you the story of the 20 July plot through the historical photographs of its German collections. IClaus Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg 1934. Cod. B007668 2 Left: Carl and Nina Stauffenbergs’s wedding, 26th September 1933. Cod.B007660. Right: Claus Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg. 1934. Cod. B007663 3 Although he never joined the Nazi party, Claus von Stauffenberg fought in Africa during the Second World War as First Officer. After the explosion of a mine on 7th March 1943, von Stauffenberg lost his right hand, the left eye and two fingers of the left hand. Notwithstanding his disablement, he kept working for the army even if his anti-Nazi believes were getting firmer day by day. In fact he had realized that the 3rd Reich was leading Germany into an abyss from which it would have hardly risen. There was no time to lose, they needed to do something immediately or their country would have been devastated. Claus Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg (left) with Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim in the courtyard of the OKH-Gebäudes in 4 Bendlerstrasse. Cod. B007664 The conspiracy of the German officers against the Führer led to the 20th July attack to the core of Hitler’s military headquarters in Rastenburg. -
Hitler's Judges: Ideological Commitment and the Death Penalty in Nazi Germany*
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS ISSN 1441-5429 DISCUSSION PAPER 10/16 Hitler's Judges: Ideological Commitment and the Death Penalty in Nazi Germany* Wayne Geerling§, Gary Magee+, Vinod Mishra+ and Russell Smyth+ Abstract: To what extent do judges in courts in authoritarian regimes merely implement the will of the state? What determines judges’ behaviour in such contexts? We address these questions by examining the role of judicial policy preferences in influencing whether judges in Nazi Germany sentenced defendants charged with serious political offences - treason and high treason - to death. Our findings lend support to the attitudinal model of judicial decision- making. Specifically, we find that judicial policy preferences, measured by the depth of the ideological commitment of the judge to the Nazi Party worldview, were an important determinant of whether judges imposed the death sentence. We also find that judges who were more ideologically committed to the Nazi Party were more likely to impose the death sentence on those who belonged to the most organised political opposition groups to the Nazi state, those whose acts of treason or high treason involved violent resistance against the state, and those with characteristics to which Nazism was intolerant. We thank Rob Brooks, Nuno Garoupa, Vai-Lam Mui, Paul Raschky and Hans-Joachim Voth for helpful comments on, and/or discussions about, earlier versions of this paper. We, alone, are responsible for the views expressed therein and any remaining errors. Son Nguyen and Friederike Bauer provided excellent research assistance. This research was supported in part by successive grants from the Department of Economics, Monash University. -
Mommsen, Hans, Germans Against Hitler
GERMANS AGAINST HITLER HANS MOMMSEN GERMANSGERMANSGERMANS AGAINSTAGAINST HITLERHITLER THE STAUFFENBERG PLOT AND RESISTANCE UNDER THE THIRD REICH Translated and annotated by Angus McGeoch Introduction by Jeremy Noakes New paperback edition published in 2009 by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com First published in hardback in 2003 by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd as Alternatives to Hitler. Originally published in 2000 as Alternative zu Hitler – Studien zur Geschichte des deutschen Widerstandes. Copyright © Verlag C.H. Beck oHG, Munchen, 2000 Translation copyright © I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, 2003, 2009 The translation of this work has been supported by Inter Nationes, Bonn. The right of Hans Mommsen to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN 978 1 84511 852 5 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library Project management by Steve Tribe, Andover Printed and bound in India by Thomson Press India Ltd ContentsContentsContents Preface by Hans Mommsen vii Introduction by Jeremy Noakes 1 1. Carl von Ossietzky and the concept of a right to resist in Germany 9 2. German society and resistance to Hitler 23 3. -
Factors Affecting the German Decision Not to Invade the Iberian Peninsula, 1940-1945
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1958 Factors affecting the German decision not to invade the Iberian peninsula, 1940-1945 Gerard F. Rutan The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Rutan, Gerard F., "Factors affecting the German decision not to invade the Iberian peninsula, 1940-1945" (1958). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 2310. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/2310 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FACTORS AFFECTING THE GERMAN DECISION NOT TO INVADE THE IBERIAN PENINSULA, 1940-1945 by Gerard Francis Rutan B. A. Montana State University, 1957 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY 1958 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean, Graduate School AUG 1 81958 Date UMI Number: EP34253 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI EP34253 Copyright 2012 by ProQuest LLC. -
Battle for the Ruhr: the German Army's Final Defeat in the West" (2006)
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Battle for the Ruhr: The rGe man Army's Final Defeat in the West Derek Stephen Zumbro Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Zumbro, Derek Stephen, "Battle for the Ruhr: The German Army's Final Defeat in the West" (2006). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2507. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2507 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. BATTLE FOR THE RUHR: THE GERMAN ARMY’S FINAL DEFEAT IN THE WEST A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Derek S. Zumbro B.A., University of Southern Mississippi, 1980 M.S., University of Southern Mississippi, 2001 August 2006 Table of Contents ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................iv INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1 -
No. 36. Miscellaneous German Records Collection (Part III) the National Archives National Archives and Records Service General S
GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. 4 No. 36. Miscellaneous German Records Collection (Part III) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1962 This finding aid, prepared under the direction of the Committee for the Study of War Documents of the American Historical Association, has been reproduced by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this list has been deposited in the National Archives by the American Historical Association and may be identified as Microcopy Mo, T-81;. It may be consulted at the National Archives. A price list appears on the last page. Those desiring to purchase microfilm should write to the Exhibits and Publications Branch, National Archives, Washington 2£, D. C, Some of the papers reproduced on the microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of private origin. The fact of their seizure is not believed to divest their original owners of any literary property rights in them. Anyone, therefore, who publishes them in whole or in part without permission of their authors may be held liable for infringement of such literary property rights. AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE FOE THE STUDY OF WAR DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 3^» Miscellaneous German Records Collection (Part III) THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION (AHA) COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF 'fAR DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. This is part of a series of guides prepared by the American Historical Association listing records microfilmed at Alexandria, Va., "by the American Historical Association Microfilming Project. -
Nazi German Filmography & Tvography
Nazi German Filmography & TVography-1 Nazi German Filmography Compiled from publications by Sabine Hake, German National Cinema, 2nd ed. (2008), and Axel Bangert, The Nazi Past in Contemporary Germany (2014). Tended to exclude Holocaust related, but if a film was set in a concentration camp with a non-Jewish subject focus, I included here. I have a separate Holocaust filmography. I did include costume dramas, fictional characters set in historical events, and films claiming to be a historical account. Some documentaries are included if I bumped into them or found them referenced by Bangert and Hake. (21 July 2018) Film Title (English titles listed Year Director and Description. ahead of original German titles) 12th Man, The (Den 12. 2018 Dir. Harald Zwart. Inspired by a true story of Jan Baalsrud’s escape from the Nazis after mann) having been captured as a resistance fighter. According to the Wiki description this film emphasizes Baalsrud’s rescuers. 13 Minutes (Elser – Er 2015 Dir. Oliver Hirschbiegel. “…tells the true story of George Elser’s failed attempt to hätte die Welt assassinate Adolf Hitler in November 1939.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_Minutes verändert) 2 or 3 Things I know 2005 Dir. Malte Ludin. “… is a documentary film in which German director Malte Ludin examines about Him (2 oder 3 the impact of Nazism in his family. Malte's father, Hanns Ludin, was the Third Reich's Dinge, die ich von ihm ambassador to Slovakia. As such, he signed deportation orders that sent thousands of Jews weiβ) to Auschwitz. Hanns Ludin was executed for war crimes in 1947.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_or_3_Things_I_Know_About_Him A Time to Love and a 1958 Dir. -
Changing Lives 1933
Knowledge Organiser Autumn Term 1 Year 10 Nazi Germany – sheet 2 of 2 Key people Himmler Leader (Reichsführer) of the SS of the Nazi party 1900–1945 from 1929 until 1945. Himmler had overall Changing Lives 1933 - 1939 responsibility for the security of the Nazi empire and was responsible for conceiving and implementation of the so-called Final Solution, Key Question 1: Work and Home. How did the lives of men and women the Nazi plan to murder the Jews of Europe. Key Question 2: Young people .How did the lives of change? young people change through education and youth Speer A German architect and Reich Minister of movements? 1. Policies affecting workers: Deutsche Arbeitsfront, German Labour 1905-1981 Armaments and War Production for Nazi 1. Attempts to control teachers: All teachers had to be Germany. As "the Nazi who said sorry, he Front, DAF, led by Ley was the National Socialist trade union vetted by local Nazi officials. Any teacher considered accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg organization which replaced independent trade unions. disloyal was sacked. 97% of all teachers joined the trials. In his memoirs he insisted that he had been 2. Strength through Joy: ensured that all aspects of a worker’s non- Nazi Teachers’ Association. ignorant of the Holocaust working time were looked after e.g. holidays and leisure time and 2. Nazification of the school curriculum: for example after work activities. Biology included eugenics, History reflected 3. Winter Relief Fund: ran from 1933–1945 during the months of Von Stauffenberg A German army officer, member of the German Germany’s greatness. -
1943 Claus Schenk Graf Von Stauffenberg
Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (Retrieved on October 6, 2009 from http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Schenk_Graf_von_Stauffenberg and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Schenk_Graf_von_Stauffenberg ) Claus Philipp Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (15 November 1907 – 21 July 1944) was a German army officer and Catholic aristocrat who was one of the leading members of the failed 20 July plot of 1944 to kill German dictator Adolf Hitler and remove the Nazi Party from power in World War II Germany. Along with Henning von Tresckow and Hans Oster, he was one of the central figures of the German Resistance movement within the Wehrmacht. Early life Stauffenberg was the third of four sons (the others being the twins Berthold and Alexander and his own twin brother Konrad Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, who died in Jettingen on 16 November, 1907) of Alfred Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, the last Oberhofmarschall of the Kingdom of Württemberg, and Caroline Schenk Gräfin (Countess) von Stauffenberg, née Gräfin von Üxküll-Gyllenband. Claus was born in the Stauffenberg castle of Jettingen between Ulm and Augsburg, in the eastern part of Swabia, at that time in the Kingdom of Bavaria, part of the German Empire. The Stauffenberg family is one of the oldest and most distinguished aristocratic Catholic families of southern Germany. Among his maternal Protestant ancestors were several famous Prussians, including Field Marshal August von Gneisenau. In his youth, he and his brothers were members of the Neupfadfinder, a German Scout association and part of the German Youth movement. Like his brothers, he was carefully educated and inclined toward literature, but eventually took up a military career. -
Adolf Hitler from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Adolf Hitler From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Hitler" redirects here. For other uses, see Hitler (disambiguation). Navigation Adolf Hitler (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ] ( listen); 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born Main page Adolf Hitler German politician and the leader of the Nazi Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Contents Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP); National Socialist German Workers Party). He was chancellor of Featured content Germany from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany (as Führer und Reichskanzler) from Current events 1934 to 1945. Hitler was at the centre of Nazi Germany, World War II in Europe, and the Random article Holocaust. Donate to Wikipedia Hitler was a decorated veteran of World War I. He joined the German Workers' Party (precursor of the NSDAP) in 1919, and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923, he attempted a coup Interaction d'état in Munich, known as the Beer Hall Putsch. The failed coup resulted in Hitler's imprisonment, Help during which time he wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf (My Struggle). After his release in 1924, Hitler About Wikipedia gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, Community portal antisemitism, and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda. After his Recent changes appointment as chancellor in 1933, he transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a Contact Wikipedia single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism. Hitler's aim was to establish a New Order of absolute Nazi German hegemony in continental Toolbox Europe. -
Name Position (Branch) Years of Service Notes Image Albert Bormann Adjutant (National Socialist Motor Corps) 1932– 45 Brother
Years Position Name of Notes Image (Branch) service Adjutant Brother of Hitler's private Albert (National 1932– secretary Martin Bormann. Hitler — Bormann Socialist Motor 45 was fond of Bormann and found Corps) him to be trustworthy.[4] Originally a naval adjutant. Adjutant Became the subject of controversy Alwin-Broder (National 1938– for marrying a woman with a bad — Albrecht Socialist Motor 45 reputation. On 1 July 1939, he Corps) was appointed an NSKK adjutant.[6] Personal cook to Hitler and Anna Cook 1938– married to Hubert Doehring, chief — Doehring (Berghof) 45 of all civilian personnel at Hitler's house.[7] Began working for Hitler in 1943. Christa 1933– Secretary Later wrote her memoirs about her — Schroeder 45 time as one of his secretaries.[8] Began working for Hitler from Constanze Cook/dietitian 1943– 1943 and was present — Manziarly (Berghof) 45 in Führerbunker during the dictators final days.[10] Years Position Name of Notes Image (Branch) service Early member of the Nazi Party Chauffeur [a] Emil Maurice 1925 and co-founder of the SS, despite (Schutzstaffel) being half-Jewish.[11] Erich Chauffeur 1934– Chauffeur to Hitler from 1934 to — [12] Kempka (Schutzstaffel) 45 April, 1945. Dismissed as adjutant in 1938 for unfavorable conduct. His most Friedrich Adjutant 1934– important contribution to history is Hoßbach (Wehrmacht) 38 his creation of the Hossbach Memorandum.[14] Originally an adjutant for Martin Bormann. Although dismissed in 1944 for inappropriate behavior, Adjutant 1943– Fritz Darges Darges went on to command the — (Schutzstaffel) 45 5th SS Panzer Regiment of SS Division Wiking. Recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.[15] Engaged to Erich Kempkaand Gerda Secretary 1937– later married to Eckhard — Christian 43; Christian.[17] Years Position Name of Notes Image (Branch) service 1943– 45 Appointed an army adjutant in 1941. -
GUIDES to GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED at ALEXANDRIA, VA, No. 5. Miscellaneous German Records Collection
GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA, No. 5. Miscellaneous German Records Collection (Part I) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1958 This finding aid, prepared under the direction of the Committee fer the Study •f War Documents of the American Historical Association, has been reproduced by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody* The microfilm described in this list has been deposited In the National Archives by the American Historical Association and may be identified as Microcopy No. T-8iu It may be consulted at the National Archives. A price list appears on the last page. Those desiring to purchase microfilm should -write to the Exhibits and Publications Branch, National Archives, Washington 25, D. C. AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION COM"ITT3E POH THE STUDY OF WAR DOCUMWTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMS!) AT AL^XAi-IDRIA, VA. No. 5» Miscellaneous German Records Colloction (Part I) THE AMERICA!* HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION (AHA) COMMITTEE FOR THS STUDY 0? WAR DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMhH K2CORDS MldtOFILKSD AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. This is part of a series of guides prepared by the American Historical Association listing records microfilmed at Alexandria by the American Historical Association Microfilming Project. An American Committee for the Study of the War Documents was established in 1955 as e private group of scholars interested it documentary research and especially in the microfilming of records of foreign offigin kept in American depositories. In 1956 the American Committee became a committee of the American Historical Association. Its present Chairman (195^) is Professor Oron J.