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VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITETY Marharyta Tsitova POLITICAL VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITETY FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND DIPLOMACY DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Marharyta Tsitova POLITICAL INFLUENCE OF ARTISTS IN RUSSIA IN THE PERIOD FROM 2015 TO 2019 Bachelor Thesis World Politics and Economics, State Code 612L20009 Political Science Study Field Supervisor PhD docent EHU Andrei Stsiapanau___________ Defended prof. dr. Šarūnas Liekis_____________________ Kaunas, 2020 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................5 1.MOBILIZATION AND ACTIVATION OF PROTEST ...........................................................9 1.1.The theory of the mobilization of protests and the impact on domestic politics ......................9 1.2.Methodology and literature review ...................................................................................... 13 2. THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN RUSSIA IN THE SPHERE OF FREEDOMS ................ 16 2.1. Influence of art on politics ................................................................................................. 16 2.2. Art, literature, and music as a form of protest in the USSR ................................................. 21 2.3. Political freedoms in Russia ............................................................................................... 28 3. INFLUENCE OF ARTISTS ON THE POLITICAL SITUATION......................................... 32 3.1. Case of protest songs .......................................................................................................... 32 3.2. Case of protest filmmaking ................................................................................................. 39 3.3. Results of actions, the reaction of the authorities ................................................................ 41 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................... 48 LIST OF LITERATURE AND SOURCES ............................................................................... 51 APPENDIX .............................................................................................................................. 56 APPENDIX 1. PHOTO MATERIALS ...................................................................................... 56 APPENDIX 2. INTERVIEW MATERIALS ............................................................................. 60 3 Abstracts Marharyta Tsitova Political influence of artists in Russia in the period from 2015 to 2019 Keywords: art activism, social mobilization, the influence of art, political communication. The purpose of the bachelor's thesis is to identify the degree of influence of art on politics, to determine the level of resistance from the authorities, as well as to identify the prospects for the development of art as the main tool for ensuring freedom of speech. The tasks are to assess the influence of artists on politics, to determine the level of resistance on the part of the authorities to the actions of artists, to study the phenomenon of social mobilization. The object of the research is artistic engagement and its impact on policymaking in authoritarian Russia. The main theory is the theory of protest mobilizations. Research methods: literature analysis, legal documentation analysis, content analysis of social networks and media sources, interviews. The thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter considers the theory of protest mobilization and its impact on domestic politics, as well as describes the methodology and reviews the literature. The second chapter reveals the features of the political situation in Russia, political freedoms, and their features, as well as the study of the influence of art on politics in general, the historical context of the USSR, and dissidence. The third chapter is devoted to specific issues of artists ' influence on the political situation. Examples of protest actions in various approaches are considered, as well as positions from the authorities. In conclusion, the results of the research are summarized, and the final conclusions on the topic are formed 4 Аннотация Маргарита Титова Политическое влияние художников в России в период с 2015 по 2019 Ключевые слова: арт-активизм, социальная мобилизация, влияние искусства, политическая коммуникация. Целью бакалаврской работы является выявление степень влияния искусства на политику, определение уровня сопротивления со стороны властей, а также выявление перспектив развития искусства как основного инструмента обеспечения свободы слова. Задачами являются: оценить влияние художников на политику, определить уровень сопротивления со стороны властей действиям художников, изучить феномен социальной мобилизации. Объектом исследования является художественная ангажированность и ее влияние на формирование политики в авторитарной России. Основная теория работы - теория мобилизаций протеста. Методы исследования: анализ литературы, анализ юридической документации, контент-анализ социальных сетей и медиа источников, интервью. Работа состоит из введения, трех глав и заключения. В первой главе рассматривается теория мобилизации протеста и ее влияние на внутреннюю политику, а также описывается методология и дается обзор литературы. Во второй главе раскрываются особенности политической ситуации в России, политические свободы и их особенности, а также исследование влияния искусства на политику в целом, исторический контекст СССР и диссидентство. Третья глава посвящена конкретным вопросам влияния художников на политическую ситуацию. Рассматриваются примеры протестных акций в различных подходах, а также обратная связь с властями. В заключение подводятся итоги проведенного исследования, формируются окончательные выводы по рассматриваемой теме. 5 INTRODUCTION In the age of the Internet and social networks, it is easy to achieve fame and become an opinion leader. Declaring position among artists is becoming popular. Art is the freedom of speech and expression, so it is directly a tool for expressing political views. Art people become a strong voice in the masses, promoting their ideas, they change the agenda. The oppression of society in post-soviet countries contributed to the fact that citizens were afraid to express their opinions. But in the modern world artists can protest injustice. This bachelor's thesis examines Russia as an undemocratic country, where there are many examples of radical and liberal artists who carry the word to the masses and change domestic politics. They release music videos, draw graffiti, and perform performances to attract public opinion to the problem. They are discriminated against by the authorities, but citizens come out to protest in their defense and sign petitions. The relevance of the bachelor's thesis lies in the detailed disclosure of the influence of modern culture and its persons on the events and development of the country's politics. Development of domestic policy takes the country to new levels, and the work examines how this is interlinked with art and its persons. This thesis considers the last five years, during which Russia has had a lot of political changes. The vitality of the paper can be characterized by the fact that the selected period and specific examples show a paradigm that can be applied to the study of earlier events, as well as subsequent ones. The importance of the paper is to consider results that artists achieve in their work, as far as they manage to attract the masses for themselves and influence a process. The significance of the work is an assessment of the actions of the authorities aimed at artists, whether it is legitimate and as artists, musicians, writers, directors, etc. they can protect themselves from prison terms, harassment, oppression of their families, fines. Is it possible to «speak» an artist in an undemocratic country and not be punished for it? In this study is necessary to analyze the development of democracy in strongly rooted authoritarianism, the culture of socialism, and the anti-modern views of most of the country's population. Also, there is a need to show the ability to develop politics through social networks as a platform for mobilizing protest actions, an analysis of the ability of individual artists to raise the masses, change their views, and becomes interested in the agenda. 6 Policy development is based on an absence of indifference. And the art that can touch the hearts of the masses, be understandable and accessible. Making a protest through social networks has become easier than ever. If it touches on sensitive political topics, thousands of people will find out about it within a couple of hours. Art is a terrible force and now it is the engine of democracy and peaceful change of approaches and regimes in post-soviet countries. The studied object of the bachelor's thesis is an artistic engagement and it is impact on policy making in authoritarian Russia. The research uses two key concepts. For a detailed understanding of the research, the author's definition must be given. An artist is a person engaged in any type of art, namely visual art, music, texts, and other creative activities. Political influence is any professional action of artists to produce an impact on political decision-making, political events, behavior political personnel. In this bachelor's thesis, a case study was conducted. It was considering four art representatives engaged in the text and the visual art form. Musician and rapper
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