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Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) National Report, Poland

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Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) National Report, Poland DG Research Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) National Report, Poland October 2011 COWI A/S Parallelvej 2 DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark Tel +45 45 97 22 11 Fax +45 45 97 22 12 www.cowi.com DG Research Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) National Report, Poland October 2011 Written by Jan Kozłowski Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) 1 Table of Contents 0 Introduction 3 1 National context 5 1.1 The place of science in society - current debates 5 1.2 Policy goals and priorities 8 1.3 National challenges, opportunities and trajectories 9 2 Priority setting, governance and use of science in policy-making 13 2.1 Public engagement in priority setting 13 2.2 Public - private interaction 18 2.3 Use of science in policy making 19 2.4 Key actors 21 3 Research related to Science in Society 25 3.1 Research on Science in Society 26 3.2 Main stream research embedding Science in Society issues 27 3.3 Funding for research on Science in Society 27 3.4 Importance of Science in Society issues as evaluative elements for national research programmes and academic institutions 28 4 Activities related to Science in Society 30 4.1 National science communication trends 30 4.2 Young people and science education in schools 32 4.3 Communication activities 32 5 The Fukushima accident 60 5.1 Media coverage and public debate 60 5.2 Levels and modes of public involvement 63 5.3 Political responses and scientific advice 64 Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) 2 Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) 3 0 Introduction The EU recognises the importance of ensuring that European research and re- search in Member States is firmly rooted in the needs of society, particularly in light of the constantly changing Europe. Efforts to reinforce the societal dimen- sion of research are channelled through the 'Science in society' (SIS) pro- gramme. The SIS programme supports activities focusing on the governance of the research system, research ethics, public engagement in science, women in science and the promotion of scientific education and science communication. The Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) initiative is a major undertaking under the SIS programme. Its aim is to map, steer and monitor the SIS landscape in the European Research Area (ERA) (http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/index_en.htm), in order for EU citizens and society to benefit the most from SIS efforts. MASIS also covers the eleven Associated Countries. The national MASIS reports are cornerstones in this endeavour, as they contain the knowledge gathered by a network of national correspondents on SIS. The reports will be updated every six months. The reporting format was developed on the basis of advice from the network of national correspondents, as well as discussions with authors of the initial MASIS report (see this LINK, ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/sis/docs/sis_masis_report_en.pdf). In addi- tion, the Commission and a network of national validators offered comments and advice. In total, 38 national reports covering 38 (EU and associated) countries have been produced. This is the report on Poland. It consists of four main sections: 1. National context 2. Priority setting, governance and use of science in policy-making 3. Research related to SIS 4. Activities related to SIS 5. The Fukushima accident. The intention of this report is to provide a good general overview of the SIS situation in Poland, including public engagement in science, different models and use of scientific advice and expertise for policy-making, activities related to assessment and ethical issues of science and technology, SIS research activities and scientific culture as well as trends, policies, actors and activities. The last Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) 4 chapter on the Fukushima accident was added later to the original report and contains information on the national coverage and the role of scientific advice in connection with the accident. Please note, in accordance with the terms of reference for the MASIS project, that the issue of „women in science‟ is not included in the mapping as this has been extensively mapped and reported in other European projects. Please note also that the present report follows the initial MASIS report in using the term „science‟ in its broadest sense, as in the German „Wissenschaft‟, covering also the social, economic and human sciences. A few subsections are concerned only with the natural sciences, and in these cases it is explicitly indicated. Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) 5 1 National context 1.1 The place of science in society - current debates This section sets the scene and describes political developments, public debates and policy initiatives of major relevance to the place of science in society in POLAND. By “public / political debate” we understood the formal presentation for discus- sion items important for the public interest involving opposing viewpoints. In that sense “public / political debate” differs from addressing the issue without the emergence of opposing viewpoints, e.g. presenting it as information. In Po- land some issues of „the place of science in society‟ are present in the nation- wide or academic world media as value-free or value-bound information, but not as an issue for debate. This distinction is important as the information phase sometimes precedes the debate phase. As regards the public debate on science, one can distinguish three levels of de- bate: • National (nationwide newspapers, TV and radio); • Research community debates (e.g. in the monthly “Forum Akademickie” (Academic Forum, read by the science managers of the public sector of science), several thousand readers; • Expert and stakeholders debates (e.g. in the quarterly “Science and Higher Education” or during Congresses of the Institute for Market Economy, a think-tank known for organising policy debates), several hundred readers or participants. At the national level, together with the aforementioned topics, the following issues associated with science have been the subject of intense debate: • In vitro as a method of infertility treatment (mostly in the social and reli- gious context). The main issues are should in vitro be allowed or forbid- den? If allowed, to what extent and under what conditions? • Climate change (mostly in the context of implications of European Com- mission proposals for the energy balance in the country). The main issues Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) 6 are how new European requirements might slow economic growth of Po- land and how Poland could achieve temporarily deferment of these re- quirements. • Innovation strategy. The main question: whether in Poland as a catching- up country innovation policy instruments adopted from advanced countries are successful? How to raise innovation awareness among entrepreneurs? • New reform of science and higher education (since 2008), and in particu- lar; - Concept of “flagship” research universities (KNOW, Krajowe Nau- kowe Ośrodki Wiodące, National Scientific Leadership Centers). The main issue is if KNOW as a policy measure would really improve the quality of Polish science; - A new model of institutions of higher education, their autonomy and government control, the relations between public and private schools, student fees/tuition. The main issue is how to reconcile top-down re- forms with preservation of traditional academic autonomy; - A new model of academic careers, and in particular the future of the habilitation degree. The main issue is how to improve and streamline academic careers without the loss of quality control mechanisms. So in principle all three topics are not discussed in the context of “Science in Society”. Name of debate Arena „endemic‟ or „epidemic‟ Role of citizens In vitro Politi- Epidemic (since 2010), par- Yes (limited to letters to journals cal/academic/public tially endemic and interviews for radio, tv and (media) Internet) Climate change Politi- Endemic Yes (limited to letters to journals cal/academic/public and interviews for radio, tv and (media) Internet) Energy choices (in- Political (media) Endemic Yes (limited to letters to journals cluding exploitation of and interviews for radio, tv and shale gas) Internet) GMO Political (media) Endemic Yes (limited to letters to journals and interviews for radio, tv and Internet) Privacy & freedom of Political (media) Endemic Yes (limited to letters to journals information and interviews for radio, tv and Internet) Reform of the public Political (media) Endemic Yes (limited to letters to journals transport and interviews for radio, tv and Monitoring Policy and Research Activities on Science in Society in Europe (MASIS) 7 Internet) Internet as a driver of Political (media) Endemic Yes (limited to letters to journals change and interviews for radio, tv and Internet) Innovation Strategy Politi- Endemic Yes (limited to letters to journals cal/academic/public and interviews for radio, tv and (media) Internet) Concept of the “flag- Politi- Epidemic (since 2006), par- Yes (limited to research community ship” research universi- cal/academic/public tially endemic and invited stakeholders) ties (media) New model of higher Politi- Epidemic (since 2006), par- Yes (limited to research community schools cal/academic/public tially endemic and invited stakeholders) (media) New model of aca- Academic/public Epidemic (since 2006), par- Yes (limited to research community demic career (media) tially endemic and invited stakeholders) “Two recent strategies, published independently by two different group of ex- perts, (…) investigate and analyse the research and higher education landscape in Poland in (…) complex way and put forward concrete solutions and recom- mendations”: Strategy for the development of higher education in Poland until 2020 (February 2010) and Strategy for the development of higher education: 2010-2020 (December 2009).
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